Cuimhneachain Dhomhnach Casca 2016 Easter Sunday Commemoration 2016

IRELAND EASTER.SUNDAY COMMEMORATION 2016

I write it out in a verse — MacDonagh and MacBride And Connolly and Pearse N ow and in time to be, Whereuer green is worn, Are changed, changed utterly A terrible beauty is born.

W.B. YEATS, EASTER 1916 EASTER SUNDAY COMMEMORATION 2016

POBLACHT NA H EIREANN. th e mmimi governm ent OF THE IRISH REPUBLIC TO IS I Flora or IRtUJH. IRISHMEN AND IRISHWOMEN : la the name of God and of the dead generations from which she receives her old tradition of nationhood, Ireland, through us,, summons her children to her flag and strikes for her freedom. Having organised and trained her manhood through her secret revolutionary organisation, the Irish Republican Brotherhood, and through her open military organisations, the and the Irish Citizen Army,having patiently perfected her discipline, having resolutely waited for the right moment to reveal itself, she now seizes that moment, and, supported by her exiled children in America and by gallant allies in Europe, but relying in the first on her own strength, she strikes in full confidence of victory. We declare the right of the people of Ireland to the ownership of Ireland, and to the u rifettered control of Irish destinies, to he sovereign and indefeasible. The long usurpation of that right by a foreign people and government has not extinguished the right, nor can it ever be extinguished except by the destruction of the . In every generation the Irish people have asserted their right to national freedom and sovereignty; six times during the past three hundred years they have asserted it in arms. Standing on that fundamental right and again asserting it in arms in the face of the world, we hereby proclaim the Irish Republic as a Sovereign Independent State, and we pledge our lives and the lives of our comrades-in-arms to the cause of its freedom, of its welfare, and of its exaltation among the nations. '■ ' ^ \ The Irish Republic is entitled U, and hereby claims, the .allegiance of every Irishman and Irishwoman, The Repullic guarantees religious add civil liberty,”equal ights and equal opportunities to all its citizens, and declares its “resolve to'pursue the happiness and prosperity of the whole nation and of all its parts, cherishing all -he children of the nation equally, and oblivious of the differences carefully fostered v/ an alien government, which have divided a minority from the majority in the past. Until our arms have brought the opportune moment for the establishment of a permanent National Government, representative of the whole people of Ireland and elected by the suffrages of all her men snd women, the Provisional government, hereby constituted, will administer the civil asd military affairs of the Republic in trust for the people. * ' ■ . We place the cause of the Irish public under the protection of the Most High God, Whose blessing we invoke upon our arms, and we pray that no one who serves that muse will dishonour it by co war lice, inhumanity, or rapine. In this supreme hour e Irish nation must, by its val^r add discipline and by the readiness of its childrei to sacrifice themselves for the common good, prove itself worthy of the august destiny to which it is called. Stoned on ikvemmait, THOMAS J. CLAIRE, SEAN Mac DIARMADA, THOMAS MacDONAGH, • T P H- MASSE, EA10NN CEANNT, JAM ' CONNOLLY. JOSEPH PLUNKETT. EASTER SUNDAY COMMEMORATION 2016

Running Order

11.40 a.m. Arrival of Minister for Defence (Military Honours)

11.45 a-m* Arrival of Lord Mayor (Military Honours)

11.49 a-m* Arrival ofTaoiseach (Taoiseach’s Salute)

Taoiseach’s Salute

11.52 a.m. Arrival of President

Inspection o f Presidential Guard o f Honour

President joins Taoiseach in front o f GPO

12.00 p.m. Lowering of National Flag

Head Chaplain, Defence Forces reads Prayer o f Remembrance

Children lay flowers as Piper plays lament

M ilitary Band plays Danny Boy

Army Officer reads Proclamation

M ilitary Band plays Mise Eire

Taoiseach invites President to lay a wreath

President lays wreath

Minute’s Silence observed for all those who died

Last Post

National Flag on top of the GPO is raised to full mast

Reveille

National Anthem with Flypast by the Air Corps

12.35 P-m- President and Taoiseach are escorted to their seats

Parade on O’Connell Street

2.00 p.m. Parade concludes / President departs

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Ord na Nimeachtaf

11.40 a.m. Teacht i Lathair an Aire Cosanta (Onoracha Mileata)

11.45 a-m- Teacht i Lathair an Ard-Mheara (Onoracha Mileata)

11.49 a.m. Teacht i Lathair an Taoisigh (Cuireteis an Taoisigh)

Cuirteis an Taoisigh

11.52 a.m. Teacht i Lathair an Uachtarain

Iniiichadh ar Gharda Oinigh an Uachtarain

An tUachtaran in eineacht leis an Taoiseach os comhair Ard-Oifig an Phoist

12.00 p.m. Isleofar an Bhratach Naisiunta

Leifidh Ard Seiplmeach, Oglaigh na hEireann, Paidir Chuimhneachain

Leagfaidh paisti blathanna agus piobaire ag seinm caointe

Casfaidh an Banna Mileata Danny Boy

Leifidh Oifigeach de chuid an Arm an Forogra

Casfaidh an Banna M ileata Mise Eire

Iarrfaidh an Taoiseach ar an Uachtaran fleasc a leagan

Leagfaidh an tUachtaran fleasc

Noimead Ciunais do gach duine a fuair bas

An Ghairm Dheiridh

Ardofar an Bhratach Naisiunta ar bharr Ard-Oifig an Phoist go barr crainn

Reueille

An tAmhran Naisiunta agus Tareitilt ag an Aerchor

12.35 p.m. Tabharfar tionlacan don Uachtaran agus don Taoiseach go dti a suiochain

Paraid ar Shraid Uf Chonaill

2.00 p.m. Criochnoidh an pharaid / Fagfaidh an tUachtaran

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Centenary Prayer Of Remembrance Paidir Chuimhneachain Cothrom Cead Biiain

Father Seamus Madigan An tAthair Seamus O’ Madagain Head Chaplain, Ard Seiplfnigh, Defence Forces, Ireland. Oglaigh na hEireann.

In ainm an Athar agus an Mhic agus In ainm an Athar agus an Mhic agus an Spioraid Naoimh. Amen. an Spioraid Naoimh. Amen.

God, Most Merciful and Kind, on this Easter A Dhia Mhor na Trocaire, an Domhnach day of new beginnings we remember the Casca seo cuimhmmis ar fhir, ar mhna agus men, the women and the children o f 1916 ar leanaf 1916 a raibh aislingf mora acu ach whose short lives and big dreams extended saol gearr agus a shliocht orainne anois. the horizons o f our hopes. In your mercy the Go ndeana Dia trocaire ar a n-anamacha. faithful departed find rest. Look kindly we Gufmis doibhsean ar fad a bhasaigh le linn pray, on all who lost their lives during 1916 1916 agus le linn stair thriobloideach an and throughout the troubled journey of our oileain. island’s history. Solas na bhFiatheas go n-anamacha Solas na bhFiatheas go n-anamacha Ar dheis De go raibh a n-anam Ar dheis De go raibh a n-anam. Agus muid ag smaoineamh ar an am ata As we reflect on our past we thank you for all caite gabhaimid buiochas leat as muintir the courageous people of Ireland who dared croga na hEireann a raibh suil acu saol nfos to hope and dream of a brighter tomorrow fearr a bhaint amach dar dtir agus da cuid for our country and all of its citizens. Blessed saoranach ar fad. Is beannaithe iadsan ar are all those who sought to build a more fad a cheap sochai nfos uile-chuimsithf agus inclusive and just society, for they are truly nfos cora a bhaint amach, mar is iadsan the chosen of God. tuath De.

Look kindly we pray, on the people Gufmis ar son mhuintir na hEireann, o gach o f Ireland, from all traditions, at home traidisiun, sa bhaile agus thar lear. and abroad. Cuidigh linn eisteacht leis na glortha a Help us listen and respond to the voices thugann dushlan sa bhliain 2016 agus that challenge in 2016 as we reimagine our freagairt doibh agus muid ag athshamhlu future. Conscious o f our troubled past, ‘To na todhchai. Agus tuiscint againn ar you O God, we sing a new song;’ a song of an am triobloideach ata caite, ‘Duitse a compassion, inclusion and engagement, a Dhia, canaimis amhran nua’; amhran na song o f listening, social justice and respect trocaire, na huilechuimsitheachta agus na rannphairtfochta, amhran na tuisceana, ar mhaithe le ceart soisialta agus meas ar

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for all, a song o f unity, diversity, equality chach, amhran an aontais, na heagsulachta, and peace, a song o f Cead Mile Failte and of an chomhionannais agus na siochana, care for our environment. With you O Lord, amhran an Chead Mile Failte agus curam don we long to sing our new song in a spirit of timpeallacht. I do theannta a Dhia, canaimis true freedom. amhran nua i spiorad na saoirse.

Loving God, You know my frail heart and my A Dhia Ghramhar, ta eolas agat ar mo chroi frayed history and now another day begins. leochaileach agus ar an stair chraite ach Give us courage to step onto new ground, cuirtear tus le re nua. Tabhair an misneach eyes young again with energy and dreams. duinn seasamh ar thalamh nua, muid a bheith Help us to believe in beginnings, to listen to og le fuinneamh agus aislingi. Cuidigh linn the voices that challenge and to sing a new misneach a bheith againn sa rud ata nua, chun song for Ireland. eisteacht leis na glortha a thugann dushlan agus amhran nua a chanadh d’Eirinn. Together, on this island, we have achieved a new peace. We cherish that peace, as we In eineacht ar an oilean seo, ta siochain de cherish all o f the children o f this island chineal eile bainte amach againn. Is mor equally. We pray for all those who have againn an tsiochain sin agus is mor againn suffered in the Troubles o f the past century, leanai an oileain seo ar fad. Guimis doibhsean and we hope for peace and reconciliation in ar fad a d’fhulaing le linn na dTriobloidi the century that stretches before us. le cead bliain anuas agus taimid ag duil le siochain agus athmhuintearas sa sa chead Do gach duine ata ballaithe anseo ar an la ata romhainn. specialta seo agus i ngach ait in hEireann, go mbeadh sonas, slainte agus siochain againn. Do gach duine ata ballaithe anseo ar an la specialta seo agus i ngach ait in hEireann, go Moladh go deo le Dia mbeadh sonas, slainte agus siochain againn. Praise God forever! Moladh go deo le Dia The Head Chaplain now invites children jrom Praise God forever! each o f the four provinces o f Ireland to lay jloivers on the historic ground as a symbol 0/our Tabharfaidh an tArd-Sheiplineach cuireadh ansin unshakeable resolve to live together on this island do leanai o yach cuiye in Eirinn blathanna a leagan in peace and harmony. ar an talamh stairiuil seo mar shiombail ar an run daingean m aireachtail le cheile ar an oilean faoi shiochain agus faoi s ho.

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The Parade An Pharaid

The iooth anniversary parade consists Beidh dha ghne ar leithligh i bparaid o f two distinct elements: the Defence Forces comortha 100 bliain: Oglaigh na hEireann - Oglaigh na hEireann - and representatives agus ionadaithe on nGarda Siochana, o of An Garda Siochana, Fire Brigade, Bhriogaid Doiteain Bhaile Atha Cliath, o the Irish Prison Service, Customs, Sheirbhis Prfosun na hEireann, on tSeirbhis the National Ambulance Service, St John Naisiunta Otharcharranna, Custaim, Ambulance Service, the Irish Red Cross, o Otharsheirbhis Naomh Eoin, Crois the Irish Coast Guard, the Royal National Dhearg na hEireann, 0 Ghardai Costa na Lifeboat Institution, Civil Defence, the Irish hEireann, o Institiuid Naisiunta Rioga na United Nations Veterans Association and the mBad Tarrthala, on gCosaint Shibhialta, 0 Organisation of Ex Service Men and Women, Chumann Sheansaighdiuiri Eireannacha na who will join the parade at various stages. Naisiun Aontaithe agus o Oglaigh Naisiunta In total some 3,500 personnel are na hEireann, a rachaidh isteach sa pharaid participating along with some 70 vehicles, ag ceimeanna eagsula. to showcase capability, across all the Beidh is 3,500 duine go leir participating organizations. rannphairteach, chomh maith le 70 feithicil The parade will commence at St Stephen’s de chuid na n-eagraiochtaf go leir a bheidh Green South. A flag party will join the start ann, chun a gcumas a leiriu. of the parade from the Royal College of Tosoidh an pharaid ag Faiche Stiabhna Surgeons, a 1916 action site. The parade will Theas. Rachaidh meitheal bratai isteach ag then proceed via Cuffe Street, Kevin Street, tus na paraide o Cholaiste Rioga na Mainlea, Patrick Street, Thomas Street, Lord Edward laithrean catha i 1916. Rachaidh an pharaid Street - pausing at Dublin Castle to meet ar aghaidh ansin tri Shraid Cuffe, Sraid the National Colours (Flag) along with 20 Chaoimhfn, Sraid Phadraig, Sraid Thomais, Garrison/action site flags - proceeding down Sraid an Tiarna Eadbhard - agus stopfaidh ar Dame Street, Westmorland Street, past the feadh pfosa ag Caislean Bhaile Atha Cliath GPO on O’Connell Street, to Parnell Square chun bualadh leis na Dathanna Naisiunta East, North Frederick Street, Dorset Street (Bratach) chomh maith le 20 bratach Upper and finishing at the junction of Bolton Garastuin/laithrean gnimh - rachaidh sfos Street/Capel Street. Sraid an Dama, Sraid Westmoreland, thar The parade consists o f eight Serials Ard-Oifig an Phoist ar Shraid Uf Chonaill go (marching elements), a massed Air Corps dti Cearnog Parnell Thoir, Sraid Fhreidric fleet flypast and a 21-gun salute from the 2nd Thuaidh, Sraid Dorset Uachtarach agus Artillery Regiment (from the Royal Hospital criochnoidh ag acomhal Shraid Bolton/ Kilmainham). Shraid Cheipil. Beidh an pharaid comhdheanta de d’ocht Srathach (feadhna mairseala), tareitilt mhor o fhlit an Aerchoir agus Cuirteis 21-gun on 2 Reisimint Airtleire (o Ospideal

7 CUIMHNEACHAIN DHOMHNACH CASCA 2016

Order of Serials Ord Srathach

s e r ia l i: a Military Band, various flags s r a t h a c h i: Banna Mileata, bratacha (including the National Colours), the Parade eagsula (a lena n-airftear na Dathanna Commander (GOC 2 Brigade), the Veterans Naisiunta), Ceannasai na Paraide (GOC 2 Organisations and five riders from the Briogaid), Cumainn na Seansaighdiuiri agus Equitation School. cuig marcach on Scoil Eachafochta. s e r ia l 2: comprised of troops and a s r a t h a c h 2: comhdheanta de thrupai agus variety o f vehicles and towed equipment, feithicli agus trealamh tarraingthe, o Dhun from Cathal Brugha Barracks. Chathail Bhrugha. s e r i a l 3 : comprised of troops and a s r a t h a c h 3 : comhdheanta de thrupai agus variety of vehicles and towed equipment, feithicli agus trealamh tarraingthe, o Dhun Ui from Collin Barracks, Cork. Choileain, Corcaigh. s e r ia l 4: comprised of troops and a s r a t h a c h 4: comhdheanta de thrupai agus variety of vehicles and towed equipment, feithicli agus trealamh tarraingthe, o Airmhean from the Defence Forces Training Centre, in Traenala Oglaigh na hEireann, Campa an the Curragh Camp, Co Kildare. Churraigh, Cill Dara. s e r i a l 5 : comprised of troops and a srathach 5: comhdheanta de thrupai agus variety o f vehicles and towed equipment, feithicli agus trealamh tarraingthe, o ghneithe drawn from throughout the Defence Forces. eagsula d’Oglaigh na hEireann. Tabharfaidh This Serial will showcase the Defence Forces an srathach seo leiriu ar sheirbhis Oglaigh na overseas service through the decades and hEireann thar lear i gcaitheamh na mblianta will feature the 3rd Infantry Battalion, who agus mar chuid de beidh an 311 Cathlan will depart for overseas operational service Coisithe, a imeoidh ar sheirbhis oibrfocht thar with UNIFIL in South Lebanon in early May lear le UNIFIL i nDeisceart na Liobaine go luath 2016. i mi Bealtaine 2016. s e r ia l 6: comprised of sailors and srathach 6: comhdheanta de mhairnealaigh airmen/women, from Haulbowline and agus eitleoiri, o Inis Sionnach agus Baile Baldonnel respectively. Dhonaill, faoi seach. s e r i a l 7 : comprised of personnel, srathach 7: comhdheanta de phearsanra, vehicles and towed equipment drawn from feithicli agus trealamh tarraingthe, on An Garda Siochana, Dublin Fire Brigade, the nGarda Siochana, o Bhriogaid Doiteain Irish Prison Service, Customs, the National Bhaile Atha Cliath, o Sheirbhis Priosun na Ambulance Service, St John Ambulance hEireann, Custaim, on tSeirbhfs Naisiunta Service, the Irish Red Cross, the Irish Otharcharranna, o Otharsheirbhis Naomh Eoin, Coast Guard, the Royal National Lifeboat Crois Dhearg na hEireann, o Ghardai Costa na Institution and Civil Defence. hEireann, o Institiuid Naisiunta Rioga na mBad Tarrthala agus on gCosaint Shibhialta. s e r ia l 8: comprised o f Defence Forces massed Bands, drawn from throughout the Srathach 8: comhdheantad’Ollbannaf Defence Forces. Oglaigh na hEireann, o ghneithe eagsula Oglaigh na hEireann.

8 Route of Parade Bealach na Paraide

Parade Start Point and Finish © Pointe Tosaithe agus Crfochnaithe na Paraide Parade Route m Bealach na Paraide Viewing Screen © Scailean Off-route Viewing Screens

© Scaileain A m hairc .4 lasmuigh den lathair Note: A Nations Voice at State Ceremonial Event Collins Barracks Searmanas Stait I I £ £ 4 A Nation’s Voice © . . Taxi Q Tacsaf Luas (Red Line) m Luas (Line Dhearg) Luas Tram (Green Line) 0 Luas (Line Uaine) Train Traein Private Operator Oibreoir Priobhaideach Bus Bus

T1 Temporary Terminus © Ceannstaisiuin sealadach T1 Routes 33,38/a, 41/b/c

T2 Routes 40b/d, 120

T3 Routes 27a/b, 29a, 31/a, 32,130

T4 Routes 37,39/a, 70

T5 Routes 25/a/b, 26,66/a/b, 67

T6 Routes 56a, 68,69,77a, 79/a, 150,151

T7 Routes 47,61

T8 Routes 46a, 145

T9 Route 7 : T10 Routes 15a/b, 49 ,54a, 65/b event 9 \ Mountjoy Sq. 1 1 \

Parnell Square

Bus Eireann O’Connell Street 101

Note: State Ceremonial

event at the GPO Bus Eireann 100x, 120

Custom House Quay

,d QuaV

V\|ood Quay Q

Dame Street

Kevin Stre EASTER SUNDAY COMMEMORATION 2016

The Executed Leaders of the 1916 Rising Na Ceannairi a Cuireadh Chun Bais tar eis Eiri Amach 1916

The Seven Signatories An Seachtar a Shinigh

Ii AM O N N CEANNT Ii AM O N N CEANNT

Born in Galway in 1881, prior to the Rising I nGaillimh a rugadh Eamonn Ceannt in 1881. Ceannt was an employee o f the Dublin Roimh an Eiri Amach bhi se fostaithe ag Corporation. He was a co-founder of the Bardas Bhaile Atha Cliath. Bhi se ar dhuine de Irish Volunteers, partaking in the successful bhunaitheoiri na nOglach agus bhi se ar dhuine Howth gun-running operation of 1914. His den dream a thug na gunnai isteach i mBinn involvement in republican activities was Eadair in 1914. Chomh maith le bheith pairteach complemented by his interest in Irish culture, i ngniomhaiochtai poblachtanacha bhi speis specifically and history, aige freisin i gcultur na hEireann, go hairithe an although he was also an accomplished uileann Ghaeilge agus stair na hEireann. Bhi se abalta piper. As the commander of the Fourth freisin ar na piopai uilleann. Ba e an ceannfort e Battalion of Irish Volunteers during the Rising, ar Cheathru Cathlan na nOglach le linn an Eiri he took possession of the South Dublin Union, Amach, ghabh se an South Dublin Union, an ait a precursor to the modern-day St. James’s bhfuil Ospideal Naomh Seamas anois. Cuireadh Hospital. He was executed on 8 May 1916. chun bais e 8 Bealtaine 1916.

THOMAS JAMES CLARKE t o m As 6 c l U righ

Born on the Isle of Wight in 1857, Clarke’s Ar Oilean Iocht in 1857 a rugadh Tomas O father was a soldier in the British army. During Cleirigh agus bhi a athair in arm Shasana. Le his time in America as a young man, he joined linn do a bheith i Meiricea agus e og, chuaigh se Clann na nGael, later enduring fifteen years isteach i gClann na nGael, agus gearradh cuig of penal servitude for his role in a bombing bliana deag de dhaorphionos air de bharr an campaign in London, 1883-1898. In 1907, bhaint a bhi aige le feachtas buamala i Londain, having returned from a second sojourn in 1883-1898. In 1907, tar eis do filleadh go hEirinn America, his links with Clan na nGael in tar eis an dara treimhse i Meiricea, bhi tabhacht America copper-fastened his importance nios mo fos lena cheangal le Clann na nGael o to the revolutionary movement in Ireland. thaobh ghluaiseacht na poblachta sa tir seo. Bhi He held the post o f Treasurer to the Irish se ina Chisteoir ag Braithreachas na Poblachta Republican Brotherhood, and was a member agus bhi ar an Ard Chomhairle acu o 1915. Bhi of the Supreme Council from 1915. The first an Cleireach ar an mbuion a thog Ard-Oifig an signatory of the Proclamation of Independence Phoist agus ba e a ainm, an chead ainm a bhi ar in deference to his seniority, Clarke was with Fhorogra na Saoirse in omos da aois. Cuireadh the group that occupied the G. P. O. He was chun bais e 3 Bealtaine 1916. executed on 3 May 1916.

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JAMES CONNOLLY S Ii A M A S 6CONGHAILE

Born in Edinburgh in 1868, Connolly was I nDun Eideann a rugadh O Conghaile in 1868 first introduced to Ireland as a member agus thainig se go hEirinn ar dtus agus e in Arm o f the British Army. Despite his returning Shasana. Ainneoin go ndeachaigh se ar ais go to Scodand, the strong Irish presence in hAlbain bhi an oiread de mhuintir na hEireann Edinburgh stimulated Connolly’s growing in Dun Eideann gur mhuscail sin an speis a bhi O interest in Irish politics in the mid 1890s, Conghaile ag cur i bpolaitiocht na hEireann i lar leading to his emigration to Dublin in na i8goidL D’fhill se ar Bhaile Atha Cliath in 1896 1896 where he founded the Irish Socialist agus bhunaigh Pairti Poblachtanach Soisialach na Republican Party. He spent much o f the first hEireann. Chaith se an chuid ba mho de na deich decade of the twentieth century in America. mbliana ag tus an fichiu aois i Meiricea. Thainig He returned to Ireland to campaign for se ar ais go hEirinn le hoibriu ar mhaithe le cearta workers’ rights with James Larkin. A firm na n-oibrithe in eineacht le James Larkin. Chreid believer in the perils o f sectarian division, 0 Conghaile go laidir gur bhain contuirtf mora Connolly campaigned tirelessly against le seicteachas agus d’oibrigh se go duthrachtach religious bigotry. In 1913, Connolly was one in aghaidh fuath creidimh. In 1913 bhi O o f the founders o f the Irish Citizen Army. Conghaile ar dhuine de bhunaitheoiri An Arm During the he was appointed Cathartha. Le linn Eiri Amach na Casca ceapadh Commandant-General of the Dublin mar Cheannfort Ginearalta e ar fhorsai Bhaile forces, leading the group that occupied the Atha Cliath agus bhi se i gceannas ar an ngrupa General Post Office. Unable to stand during a thog Ard Oifig an Phoist. Ni raibh se in ann his execution due to wounds received at seasamh nuair a bhiothas a chur chun baisjnar the Rising, Connolly was executed sitting gur goineadh e le linn an Eiri Amach, b’eigean down, on 12 May 1916. He was the last o f the e a chaitheamh agus e ina shuf, an 12 Bealtaine leaders to be executed. 1916. Ba e an duine deireanach de na ceannairi a cuireadh chun bais. s e An macdiarmada

seAn mac diarmada Born in 1884 in Leitrim, MacDiarmada emigrated to in 1900, and from there 1 Liatroim a rugadh Sean Mac Diarmada agus to Belfast in 1902. A member o f the Gaelic d’imigh se go Glaschu in 1990 agus thainig go League, he was acquainted with Bulmer Beal Feirste in 1902. Bhi se i gConradh na Gaeilge Hobson. He joined the Irish Republican agus bhi aithne aige ar Bulmer Hobson. Chuaigh Brotherhood in 1906 while still in Belfast, se isteach i mBraithreachas na Poblachta in 1906 later transferring to Dublin in 1908 where he agus e i mBeal Feirste agus d’athraigh se go Baile assumed managerial responsibility for the Atha Cliath in 1908, ait ar ghlac se freagracht o I. R. B. newspaper Irish Freedom in 1910. thaobh bainistiochta ar nuachtan an IRB Irish Although MacDiarmada was afflicted with Freedom in 1910. Ce go raibh poilio ag dul do

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polio in 1912, he was appointed a member Mhac Diarmada in 1912 ceapadh e ina chomhalta o f the provisional committee o f the Irish ar choiste sealadach Oglaigh na hEireann o Volunteers from 1913, and was subsequently 1913, agus tugadh isteach e ina dhiaidh sin ar drafted onto the military committee of the I. choiste mileata an IRB e in 1915. Le linn an Eiri R. B. in 1915. During the Rising MacDiarmada Amach bhi Mac Diarmada in Ard Oifig an Phoist. served in the G. P. O. He was executed on 12 Cuireadh chun bais e 12 Bealtaine 1916. May 1916. TOMAS MAC DONNCHADHA

THOMAS MACDONAGH Ba as Tiobraid Arann o dhuchas e Mac A native o f Tipperary, born in 1878, Donnchadha, in 1878 a rugadh e agus chaith se MacDonagh spent the early part of his career an chead chuid da shaol ag muineadh scoile. as a teacher. He moved to Dublin to study, D’athraigh se go Baile Atha Cliath le staidear and was the first teacher on the staff at St. a dheanamh agus ba e an chead mhuinteoir e Enda’s, the school he helped to found with ar fhoireann Scoil Eanna, an scoil ar thug se Patrick Pearse. MacDonagh was well versed ciinamh lena bunu in eineacht le Padraig Mac in literature, his enthusiasm and erudition Piarais. Bhi eolas maith ag Mac Donnchadha ar earning him a position in the English an litriocht, agus bhain a chuid duthrachta agus department at University College Dublin. His leinn ait amach do i roinn an Bhearla i gColaiste play When the Dawn is Come was produced at na hOllscoile i mBaile Atha Cliath. Leiriodh an the Abbey theatre. He was appointed director drama a scrfobh se When the Dawn is Come in o f training for the Irish Volunteers in 1914, Amharclann na Mainistreach. Ceapadh e ina later joining the I. R. B. MacDonagh was stiurthoir traenala ar Oglaigh na hEireann in appointed to the I. R. B. military committee 1914, agus chuaigh se isteach san IRB ina dhiaidh in 1916. He was commander of the Second sin. Ceapadh Mac Donnchadha ar choiste mileata Battalion of Volunteers that occupied Jacob’s an IRB in 1916. Bhi se ina cheannasai ar Dhara biscuit factory and surrounding houses during Cathlan na nOglach a thog seilbh ar mhonarcha the Rising. He was executed on 3 May 1916. brioscai Jacob agus na tithe thart san ait sin le linn an Eiri Amach. Cuireadh chun bais e PATRICK PEARSE 3 Bealtaine 1916. Pearse was born in Dublin in 1879, becoming interested in Irish cultural matters in his PADRAIG MAC PIARAIS teenage years. In 1898 Pearse became a I mBaile Atha Cliath a rugadh an Piarsach in member of the Executive Commmittee of 1879 agus thosaigh se ag cur suime i gcursai the Gaelic League. He graduated from the cultuir na hEireann agus e ina dheagoir. In 1898 Royal University in 1901 with a degree in rinneadh comhalta den Phiarsach ar Choiste Arts and Law. Pearse’s literary output was Feidhmiuchain Chonradh na Gaeilge. Bhain se constant, and he published extensively in ceim amach san Ollscoil Rioga in 1901, ceim Dan

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both Irish and English, becoming the editor agus Dli. Bhi an Piarsach ag scnobh seasta agus of An Claidheamh Soluis, the newspaper of d’fhoilsigh se go forleathan i nGaeilge agus i the Gaelic League. He was a keen believer in mBearla. Rinneadh eagarthoir de ar phaipear the value of education, and established two Chonradh na Gaeilge An Claidheamh Soluis. schools, Colaiste Eanna and Colaiste Ide, Chreid se go laidir san oideachas agus bhunaigh devoted to the education o f Irish children se dha scoil, Colaiste Eanna agus Colaiste Ide, a through the Irish language. One of the bhi dirithe ar oideachas tri Ghaeilge do phaisti founder members o f the Irish Volunteers, na hEireann. Bhi an Piarsach ar bhunaitheoiri Pearse was in the G. P. O. during the Rising, na nOglach, agus bhi se in Ard-Oifig an Phoist and was Commander in Chief of the Irish le linn an Eiri Amach. Ba e Prfomh-Cheannfort forces. He was executed on 3 May 1916. fhorsai na hEireann e. Cuireadh chun bais e 3 Bealtaine 1916. JOSEPH MARY PLUNKETT

Born 1887 in Dublin, son of a papal count, JOSEPH MARY PLUNKETT

Plunkett was initially educated in , I mBaile Atha Cliath a rugadh Joseph Mary though he returned to Ireland and graduated Plunkett in 1887. Fuair se a chuid oideachais from U. C. D. in 1909. After his graduation ar dtus i Sasana ach d’fhill se ar Eirinn agus Plunkett spent two years travelling due bhain ceim amach in UCD in 1909. Tar eis to ill health, returning to Dublin in 1911. do an cheim a bhaint amach chaith se dha Plunkett shared MacDonagh’s enthusiasm bhliain ag taisteal mar bhi se i ndrochshlainte for literature and was an editor o f the agus thainig ar ais go Baile Atha Cliath Irish Review. Along with MacDonagh and in 1911. FearachtMhac Donnchadha bhi Edward Martyn, he helped to establish an suim ag Plunkett sa litrfocht agus bhi se ina Irish national theatre. He joined the Irish eagarthoir ar an Irish Review. I gcomhar le Mac Volunteers in 1913, subsequently gaining Donnchadha agus Edward Martyn chuidigh membership of the I.R.B. in 1914. Plunkett se le hamharclann naisiunta na hEireann a travelled to Germany to meet Roger Casement bhunu. Chuaigh se isteach sna hOglaigh in in 1915. During the planning of the Rising, 1913 agus ina dhiaidh glacadh leis isteach san Plunkett was appointed Director o f Military I.R.B. Chuaigh Plunkett go dti an Ghearmain le Operations, with overall responsibility for casadh le Ruairi Mac Easmainn in 1915. Le linn military strategy. Plunkett was one o f those don Eiri Amach a bheith a phleanail ceapadh stationed in the G. P. O. during the Rising. He Plunkett ina Stiurthoir ar Oibriochtai Mileata married Grace Gifford while in Kilmainham agus freagracht fhoriomlan air as straiteis Gaol following the surrender and was mhfleata. Bhi Plunkett ar dhuine de na daoine executed on 4 May 1916. a bhi lonnaithe in Ard Oifig an Phoist le linn an Eiri Amach. Phos se Grace Gifford agus e i bPriosun Chill Mhaighneann nuair a gheill lucht an Eiri Amach. Cuireadh chun bais e 4 Bealtaine 1916.

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Other Executed Leaders Ceannairi eile a Cuireadh Chun Bais

ROGER CASEMENT R U A I R f MAC EASMAINN

Born in 1864 in Dublin, Casement was I mBaile Atha Cliath a rugadh Ruairf Mac knighted for his services to the British Easmainn in 1864 agus bronnadh teideal air consular service. He campaigned tirelessly de bharr a chuid seirbhfsi do chonsalacht na to expose the cruelty inflicted on native Breataine. D’oibrigh se gan staonadh chun workers in the Belgian Congo in 1904, and aird a tharraingt ar an drochide a bhfothas a again in Brazil from 1911-1912, causing an dheanamh ar oibrithe duchasach i gCongo international sensation with his reportage. na Beilge in 1904 agus aris sa Bhraisfl o Casement had become a member of the Gaelic 1911-1912 agus bhain se siar as an bpobal League in 1904, beginning at that time to write go hidirnaisiunta de bharr a chuid tuairisci. nationalist articles under the pseudonym Bhi Mac Easmainn i gConradh na Gaeilge ‘Sean Bhean Bhocht’. He retired from the in 1904 agus thosaigh se an uair sin ag British consular service in 1913, after which scrfobh altanna naisiunta faoin ainm cleite he joined the Irish Volunteers. Casement was ‘Sean Bhean Bhocht’. D’eirigh se as seirbhis despatched to Germany on account of his consalachta na Breataine in 1913 agus chuaigh experience to raise an Irish Brigade from Irish se ansin isteach sna hOglaigh. Cuireadh Mac prisoners o f war. He was captured in Kerry Easmainn chun na Gearmaine de bharr an in 1916 on Good Friday having returned to meid taithi a bhi aige le go gcuirfeadh se le Ireland in a German U-Boat. Casement was cheile Cathlan Eireannach as priosunaigh imprisoned in Pentonville Gaol in London, cogaidh. Gabhadh e i gCiarrai Aoine an where he was tried on charges of High Cheasta 1916 tar eis do theacht i dtir in Eirinn Treason. He was hanged on 3 August 1916, de U-Bhad de chuid na Gearmaine. Cuireadh the only leader of the Rising to be executed sa phriosun e i bPentonville i Londain agus outside of Ireland. In 1965, his remains were cuireadh Ard-Treas ina leith. Crochadh e an 3 reinterred in Glasnevin Cemetary, following a Lunasa 1916, an t-aon cheannaire a bhain leis State funeral. an Eiri Amach a cuireadh chun bais lasmuigh d’Eirinn. In 1965, adhlacadh i nGlas Naion e CON COLBERT tar eis Socraid Stait. Born in 1888, Colbert was a native o f Limerick. Prior to the Easter Rising he had been an CON COLBERT active member of the republican movement, I Luimneach a rugadh Colbert in 1888. joining both Fianna Eireann and the Irish Roimh an Eiri Amach bhi se gmomhach Volunteers. A dedicated pioneer, Colbert was i ngluaiseacht na poblachta, bhi se i known not to drink or smoke. As the captain bhFianna Eireann agus sna hOglaigh. Nior of F Company of the Fourth Battalion, Colbert chaith se agus mor ol se. Ba e an captaen ar was in command at the Marrowbone Lane Chomhplacht F an Ceathru Cathlan agus distillery when it was surrendered on Sunday, ba e a bhi i gceannas ag drioglann Lana 30 April 1916. His execution took place on 8 Marrowbone nuair a gheill siad an Domhnach May 1916. 30 Aibrean 1916. Cuireadh chun bais e 8

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EDWARD DALY Bealtaine 1916.

Born in Limerick in 1891, Daly’s family had a history o f republican activity; his uncle John EDWARD DALY Daly had taken part in the rebellion o f 1867. I Luimneach in 1891 a rugadh e agus bhi baint Edward Daly led the First Battalion during ag a mhuintir roimhe le poblachtanachas; bhf the Rising, which raided the Bridewell and a uncail John Daly pairteach in Eiri Amach Linenhall Barracks and seized control of the 1867. Ba e Edward Daly a bhi i gceannas Four Courts. A close friend of Tom Clarke, an Chead Chathlain le linn an Eiri Amach, their ties were made even stronger by the d’ionsaigh siad an Bridewell agus Beairic marriage of Clarke to Daly’s sister. Daly was Linenhall agus thog se na Ceithre Chuirt executed on 4 May 1916. ina dhiaidh sin. Bhi se an-mhor le Tomas O Cleririgh agus neartaigh an cairdeas tuilleadh s e An h e u s t o n nuair a phos an Cleireach deirfiur Edward Born in 1891, he was responsible for the Daly. Cuireadh Edward Daly chun bais organisation o f Fianna Eireann in Limerick. 4 Bealtaine 1916. Along with Con Colbert, Heuston was involved in the education of the schoolboys seAn h eusto n at Scoil Eanna, organising drill and musketry In 1891 a rugadh e agus is air a bhi eagru exercises. A section o f the First Battalion Fhianna Eireann i Luimneach. Bhi Heuston of the Volunteers, under the leadership of i dteannta Con Colbert pairteach in Heuston, occupied the Mendicity Institute on oideachas na mbuachailli i Scoil Eanna agus the south bank o f the Liffey, holding out there d’eagraigh siad druileail agus cleachtadh for two days. He was executed on 8 May 1916. le muscaedaiocht. Thog cuid den Chead Heuston Railway station in Dublin is named Chathlan faoi cheannas Heuston an Medicity after him. Institute ar an taobh 0 dheas den Life agus sheas siad an fod ansin go ceann dha la. Cuireadh chun bais e an 6 Bealtaine 1916. Is ina dhiaidh ata staisiun Heuston i mBaile Atha Cliath ainmnithe.

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The National Anthem Amhran na bhFiann

The National Anthem, called ‘The Scrfobh Peadar O Ceithearnaigh, uncail le Soldier’s Song’, was written in 1907 by Brendan Behan, an t-amhran naisiunta, ar a Peadar Kearney, an uncle o f Brendan Behan. dtugtar ‘Amhran na bhFiann’, i 1907. Ba sa It was first published in the newspaper ‘Irish nuachtan, ‘Saoirse’, a chead fhoilsfodh e i Freedom’ in 1912, but was not widely known 1912, ach ba bheag cur amach a bhi air go dti until it was sung at the GPO during the Easter gur casadh e ag Ard-Oifig an Phoist le linn Eirf Rising of 1916. The chorus was formally Amach na Casca 1916. Glacadh leis an gcurfa adopted as the National Anthem in 1926. mar Amhran Naisiunta na hEireann i 1926.

We’ll sing a song, a soldier’s song, Seo dibh a chairde duan o'glaigh, W ith cheering rousing chorus, Caithre'imeach briomhar ceolmhar, As round our blazing fires we throng, Ar dtinte cna'mh go buacach ta'id, The starry heavens o’er us; ‘S an speir go min realtogach Impatient for the coming fight, Is fonnm harfaobhrach sinn chun gleo And as we wait the morning's light, ‘S go tiunmhar gle roimh thiocht don lo Here in the silence of the night, Faoi chiunas chaomh na hoi'che arseol: W e’ll chant a soldier’s song. Seo libh canaigi Amhran na bhFiann.

Soldiers are we Sinne Fianna Fail whose Hues are pledged to Ireland; A t a fa o i gheall ag Eirinn, Some have come Bui'on da'r slua jrom a land beyond the wave. Thar toinn do rainig chugainn. Sworn to bejree, Faoi mho'id bheith saor, No more our ancient sire land Seantir dr sinsirfeasta Shall shelter the despot or the slaue. Nijhagfarfaoin tioran nafaoin trail Tonight we man the gap o f danger Anocht a the'im sa bhearna baoil, In Erin’s cause, come woe or weal Legean ar Ghaeil chun bais no' saoil ‘Mid cannons’ roar and rifles peal, Le gunnascreachfaoi la'mhach na bpilear W e’ll chant a soldier’s song. Seo libh canaigi Amhran na bhFiann.

In valley green, on towering crag, Cois ba'nta re'idh, ar arda sle'ibhe, Our fathers fo u g ht before us, Ba bhuach dr sinsir romhainn, And conquered ‘neath the same old flag Ag la'mhach go treanfaoin sarbhratsein T h at’s proudly floating o’er us. Ta thuas sa ghaoth go seolta We’re children o f a fighting race, Ba dhuchas riamh da'rgcine chdidh That never yet has known disgrace, Gan iompa'il siar 0' imirt dir, And as we march, the foe to face, ‘S ag siul mar iad i gcoinne nam had W e’ll chant a soldier’s song. Seo libh, canaigi Amhran na bhFiann.

Sons of the Gael! Men o f the Pale! A bhui'on nachfann d’fhuil Ghaeil is Gall, The long watched day is breaking; Sin breacadh lae na saoirse, The serried ranks ofln isfail Ta sceimhle ‘s scanradh i gcroithe namhad, Shall set the Tyrant quaking. Roimh ranna laochra dr dti're. Our campfires now are burning low; Ar dtinte is tre'ith gan spre'ach anois, See in the east a silu’ry glow, Sin luisne ghle'san spe'ir anoir, Out yonder waits the S axon foe, ‘S an bi'obha i raon na bpilear agaibh: So chant a soldier’s song. Seo libh, canaigi Amhran na bhFiann.

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The Insurgent Forces Na Forsai Ceannairceacha

The 1916 Easter Rising was originally Beartaiodh Eiri Amach 1916 mar reibiliun planned as a country-wide rebellion. ar fud na tire i dtosach baire. Mar gheall ar However, following the interception of the idircheapadh an SS Aud ag an gCabhlach Rioga, SS Aud by the Royal Navy, the loss o f her afach, agus gur chaill si mar sin a lastas arm cargo of German arms and ammunition, agus armlon on nGearmain, chomh maith the confusion arising from Eoin MacNeill’s leis an mearbhall mar thoradh ar fhreasordu countermanding order, the decision Eoin Mhic Neill, cinneadh roinnt daoine of some Irish Republican Brotherhood de cheannaireacht na nOglach ar baill de elements o f the Volunteer leadership and Bhraithreachas Phoblacht na hEireann iad Commandant General James Connolly to agus cinneadh an Cheannfoirt-Ghinearail postpone the Rising from Easter Sunday Seamas O Conghaile an tEiri Amach a athru o and to strike on Easter Monday, the most Dhomhnach Casca go Luan Casca, ba i gCathair intense and important military activity took agus i gContae Bhaile Atha Cliath a tharla an place in Dublin City and County. However, ghmomhaiocht mhileata ba dheine agus ba significant military activity also took place in thabhachtai. Tharla gniomhaiocht mhileata counties Louth, Meath, Wexford and Galway. suntasach i gContaetha Lu, na Mi, Loch Garman Department o f Defence records confirm agus na Gaillimhe freisin. Dearbhaionn taifid active service in April 1916 at locations in na Roinne Cosanta go rabhthas ar fonamh in 22 counties in all four provinces o f Ireland. Aibrean 1916 ag aiteanna i 22 chontae i ngach Research to date confirms that 2591 men and cuige in Eirinn. Dearbhaionn an taighde ata women veterans of the Rising are recognised deanta go dti seo go dtugtar aitheantas do as providing active service. These include 2591 Seansaighdiuir, idir fhir agus mhna, as members of the Irish Volunteers, Irish bheith ar fonamh . Airitear orthu sin comhaltai d’Oglaigh na hEireann, d’Arm Cathartha na Citizen Army, Hibernian Rifles, Na Fianna hEireann, de na Hibernian Rifles, de na Fianna Eireann and Cumann na mBan. Eireann agus de Chumann na mBan. Seo a The main action sites and deployments are leanas na priomhlaithreain gniomhaiochta as follows: agus imscarthai: The Dublin Brigade Briogaid Bhaile Atha Cliath agus and Irish Citizen Army Arm Cathartha na hEireann General and Brigade Headquarters Ceanncheathru Ginearalta agus Briogaide General Post Ojfpce, Dublin Ard-Oijig an Phoist, BaileAtha Cliath

1 BATTALION 1 c a t h l A n Commanded by Commandant Edward Daly Faoi cheannas an Cheannfoirt Edward Daly deployed in the Brunswick Street, North a bhi imscartha ar Shraid Brunswick, Aontas Dublin Union, North King Street and other Bhaile Atha Cliath Thuaidh, Sraid an Ri Thuaidh agus urphoist eile laistigh de

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outposts with the Battalion Headquarters in Cheanncheathru an Chathlan i gcoimpleasc the Four Courts complex. na gCeithre Chuirt.

2 BATTALION 2 c a th lA n

Commanded by Commandant Thomas Faoi cheannas an Cheannfoirt Thomais Mhic McDonagh occupied Jacobs Biscuit factory Donnchadha, d’aitigh monarcha brioscai at Peter Street and Bishop Street, with nearly Jacobs ar Shraid Pheadair agus Sraid an half of the Battalion deployed to the GPO. Easpaig agus imscaradh beagnach leath an chathlain chuig Ard-Oifig an Phoist.

3 BATTALION 3 c a th lAn Commanded by Commandant Eamon Faoi cheannas an Cheannfoirt Eamon de de Valera occupied Bolands Bakery /Mill Valera, d’aitigh Bacus/Muilte Boland and deployed to interdict the railway line agus imscaradh iad chun an line iarnroid o Westland Row to Landsdowns Road and Rae an Iarthair go Bothar Lansdun bridges across the Grand Canal. The agus droichid thar na Canaile Moire a Battalion Headquarters was in Great dhichumasu. Bhi Ceanncheathru Brunswick Street. an Chathlain ar Shraid Brunswick.

4 BATTALION 4 ca th l An Commanded by Commandant Eamonn Faoi cheannas an Cheannfoirt Eamonn Ceannt occupied the South Dublin Union Ceannt, d’aitigh Teach na mBocht Aontas Workhouse, Roe’s Distillery, Jameson’s Bhaile Atha Cliath Theas, Drioglann Roe, Distillery, Marrowbone Lane and Drioglann Jameson, Lana Mhuire Mhaith surrounding area. agus an ceantar maguaird.

5 BATTALION 5 ca th l An

Commanded by Commandant Thomas Ashe Faoi cheannas an Cheannfoirt Thomais deployed in North and Meath Aghais, imscartha i gContae Bhaile Atha and saw action at Ashbourne. Cliath Thuaidh agus i gCo. na Mi agus gnfomhach i gCill Dheaglain. IRISH CITIZEN ARMY ARM CATHARTHA NA HEIREANN Commanded by Commandant General James Connolly, stationed at Headquarters Faoi cheannas an Cheannfoirt-Ghinearail in the GPO, deployed initially on Saint Sheasmuis Ui Chonghaile, lonnaithe ag an Stephen’s Green under Commandant gCeanncheathru ag Ard-Oifig an Phoist, Michael Mallin and later occupied the imscartha chuig Faiche Stiabhna ar dtus faoin College of Surgeons. gCeannfort Micheal O Meallain agus d’aitigh Colaiste Rioga na Mainlea in Eirinn. EASTER SUNDAY COMMEMORATION 2016

County Louth Contae Lu

THE DUNDALK BATTALION c a th lAn d h u n dealgan

Commanded by Commandant Donal Faoi cheannas an Cheannfoirt Donal O’Hannigan mustered in the town and O’Hannigan, thionoil siad sa bhaile agus deployed to Lurgan Green, Castlebellinghan, imscaradh iad chuig Faiche Lurgan, Baile Slane, Ardee, Hill o f Tara and Tyrellstown an Ghearlanaigh, Baile Shlaine, Baile Atha House. The Battalion Adjutant made his way Fhirdhia, Teamhair agus Teach Bhaile an to the GPO. Tirialaigh. Rinne Aidiunach an Chathlain a bhealach chuig Ard-Oifig an Phoist. County Wexford Contae Loch Garman WEXFORD BRIGADE, ENNISCORTHY BATTALION b r io g Aid loch g a r m a n , c a th lAn inis c6 r th a id h Commanded by Commandant Peter Paul Galligan occupied and held the town of Faoi cheannas an Cheannfoirt Peter Paul Enniscorthy, with blocking outposts and Galligan, d’aitigh agus choinnigh siad baile ambush positions on the approaches to the Inis Corthaidh, agus bhf urphoist bhlocala town. The Vice Commandant of the Brigade agus suiomhanna lufochain acu ar na bealai was Seamus Rafter. isteach chuig an mbaile. Seamus Rafter a bhf ina Leas-Cheannfort ar an mBriogaid. County Galway Contae na Gaillimhe

GALWAY BRIGADE b r io g Aid na g a illim h Commanded by Commandant Liam Mellowes mustered at the Athenry Faoi cheannas an Cheannfoirt Liam Mel­ Agricultural Station and deployed to lows, thionoil siad ag Staisiun Talmhaiochta Oranmore, Clarenbridge and Moyode and Bhaile Atha an Ri agus imscaradh iad chuig disbanded at Lime Park. Oran Mor, Droichead an Chlairfn agus Maigh Fhod. Scoir siad ag Pairc Lime. CUIMHNEACHAIN DHOMHNACH CASCA 2016

Casualties Daoine A Gortaiodh/Maraiodh

INSURGENTS CEANNAIRCIGH

Department of Defence records confirm 62 Dearbhaitear i dtaifid na Roinne Cosanta members o f the Irish Volunteer / Citizen gur marafodh 62 chomhalta d’Oglaigh na Army / Na Fianna Eireann as having been hEireann/Arm Cathartha na hEireann/na killed on active service during the Rising. Fianna Eireann agus iad ar fonamh le linn 16 leaders were later executed, making a an Eirf Amach. Cuireadh 16 cheannaire chun total o f 78 dead. bais ina dhiaidh sin, rud a d’fhag gur 78 an lion a marafodh.

OTHERS

The most recent research indicates that DAOINE EILE in all 488 were killed and over 2,500 were Da reir an taighde is deanaf, marafodh 488 injured. O f the 488 who died, 55% were duine agus gortafodh breis is 2,500. As an civilians, 24% were British Forces, 16% 488 a fuair bas, bhf 55% acu ina sibhialtaigh, were insurgents and 5% were policemen. 24% acu i bhForsaf na Breataine, 16% acu A number of the policemen and British ina gceannaircigh agus 5% acu ina bpoilfnf. soldiers who died were Irish. Approximately B’Eireannaigh iad roinnt de na poilfnf agus 40 children were killed. roinnt d’arm na breataine a marafodh. Bhf tuairim is 40 paiste i mease doibh GLASNEVIN REMEMBRANCE WALL a fuair bas.

The Remembrance Wall in Glasnevin BALLA CUIMHNEACHAIN Cemetery will list the names of all those who GHLAS NAfON died as a result o f the 1916 Easter Rising. Beigh liosta ar Bhalla Cuimhneachain The project was conceived and initiated by Ghlas Nafon d’ainmneacha gach duine a Glasnevin Trust as a means of remembering bhasaigh mar thoradh ar Eirf Amach na those men, women and children without Casca 1916. Iontaobhas Ghlas Nafon a cheap judgement or hierarchy. agus a chuir tus leis an tionscadal chun cuimhneamh ar na fir, mna agus leanaf sin gan breithiunas na ordlathas. EASTER SUNDAY COMMEMORATION 2016

Role of Women in the Rising Rol Na Mban San Eirf Amach

The 1916 Rising was unique, by any Rud uathuil a bhf in Eirf Amach 1916 mar standards, by virtue of the participation of gheall go raibh mna rannphairteach ann 100 wom en 100 years ago. Women served in bliain o shin. D’fhoin mna in eagraiochtaf military organisations involved in the Rising. mileata a raibh baint acu leis an Eirf Amach. The number is now estimated at some 300 Meastar anois gur tuairim is 300 a bhf i and, as well as in Dublin, they took part at the gceist, agus go raibh siad gniomhach i action sites at Galway, Wexford and Meath. nGaillimh, Loch Garman agus i gContae na As equal members of the Irish Citizen Army, Mi, chomh maith le i mBaile Atha Cliath. Ina Cumann na mBan and women members comhaltai comhionanna d’Arm Cathartha of the Hibernian Rifles, which included na hEireann, ina comhaltai de Chumann the Clann na Gael girl scouts, they also na mBan agus ina comhaltai mna de na participated alongside the Irish Volunteers Hibernian Rifles, ar thainig banghasoga and Na Fianna Eireann. Chlann na nGael faoina scath freisin, bhf Some women served without being siad rannphairteach in eineacht le hOglaigh formal members of any organisation, in such na hEireann agus leis na Fianna Eireann roles as despatch carriers and providers of chomh maith. first aid and as ‘basket girls’, bringing food to D’fhoin roinnt ban ce nach raibh siad the garrisons. ina gcomhaltai d’eagrafocht ar bith, i rolan- In addition members of the Irish na mar chuireiri agus solathar garchabhrach Citizen Army, Countess Markievicz and agus mar ‘cailmi ciseain’, ag tabhairt bia Dr Kathleen Lynn, participated as Officers chuig na garastuin. in City Hall and in the St. Stephen’s Green/ Chomh maith le bheith ina comhal- Royal College of Surgeons garrison. As part of tai d’Arm Cathartha na hEireann, bhf an that garrison, Margaret Skinnider was injured Chuntaois Markievicz agus an Dr. Kathleen in active service. This unique element to the Lynn rannphairteach mar oifigigh i Halla na Rising was little known until key collections in Cathrach agus i ngarastun Fhaiche Stiabhna/ the Military Archives were opened from 2003. Cholaiste Rioga na Mainlea. Mar chuid den gharastun sin, gortaiodh Margaret Skinnider agus 1 ar fonamh . Ni raibh a fhios ag moran faoin ngne uathuil seo den Eirf Amach go dti gur osclaiodh priomhbhailiuchain sa Chartlann Mhileata in 2003. Women who took part in the Easter Mna a bhi rannphairteach in Eirf Amach Rising, photographed in the garden o f Ely na Casca. Togadh an grianghraf i ngairdin O’Carroll’s house in Peter’s Place, Dublin, theach Ely O’Carroll i bPlas Pheadair, Baile during the Summer of 1916. Atha Cliath, i rith Shamhradh 1916.

Photograph courtesy of Grianyhra/le caoinchead Mhilsaem Phriosun Museum (18PC-1B53-02). Imaye taken jrom: Chill Mhaiyhneann (18PC-1B53-02). Toytha 6: No Ordinary Women by Sinead McCoole. No Ordinary Women le Sinzad McCoole.

Standing (Left) / Ina Seasamh (Ar Chle): Fourth Row / Ceathru Line: A Tobin, Aoife Taaffe, Marcella Cosgrave, Nora Thornton, Rose Mulally, Sheila O’Hanlon, Kathleen Murphy, Bridget Foley Maria Quigley, Margaret O’Flaherty, Josie McGowan, Eileen Cooney, Josie O ’Keefe Standing (Right) / Ina Seasamh (Ar Dheis): M Kelly, Maire Nic Shiubhlaigh, Lily O ’Brennan, Third Row / Triu Line: Elizabeth O ’Farrell, Nora O ’Daly, Mary Murray M Moore, KLane, Sarah Kealy, Gertie Colley, Mary O ’Hanrahan, Arnee Wisley, Back Row / Line Chuil: Bridget Murtagh, Cilia Quigley, Julia Grennan, M Kelly, Brigid Brady, Jeannie Shanahan, Statia Twoomey, B Walsh Kathleen Barrett, Rosie Hackett, Margaret Ryan, Brigid Davis, Chris Caffrey, Patricia Hoey Second Row / Dara Line: Rose McNamara, Kathleen Kenny, M J Walsh, Fifth Row I Cuigiu Line: Mrs I awlpcc Tpnmz Milnpr WalcB EASTER SUNDAY COMMEMORATION 2016

History of the Flag Stair na Brataf

The National Flag of Ireland, often Ta tri dhath ar Bhratach Naisiunta na hEireann, referred to as the tricolour, consists of three ar a dtugtar an bhratach tri dhath go minic colours - green, white and orange. It was - glas, ban agus oraiste. Glacadh leis an adopted as the flag o f the in mbratach mar bhratach Shaorstat Eireann i 1922 and formally confirmed as the National 1922. Deimhmodh an bhratach go foirmiuil Flag in Article 7 o f the 1937 Constitution. mar an mBratach Naisiunta in Airteagal 7 den The Irish tricolour is intended to Bhunreacht 1937. symbolise the inclusion and hoped-for union of Ta Bratach tri dhath na hEireann ceaptha the people o f different traditions on this island, bheith ina siombail ar chuimsiu muintireacha which is now expressed in the Constitution de thraidisiuin eagsula ar an oilean seo, agus as the entitlement o f every person born in the a n-aontu a rabhthas ag suil leis, a Ieiritear sa island of Ireland to be part of the Irish nation Bhunreacht faoi lathair mar an teidliocht ata (regardless of ethnic origin, religion or ag gach duine a rugadh in oilean na hEireann political conviction). chun bheith mar chuid de naisiun na hEireann

A green flag with harp (fig u re A) was (gan aird ar bhunadh eitneach, daorbhreith an older symbol used by Irish nationalists, reiligiunach no pholaitiuil). going back at least to the 1640s. It was also Ba shiombail m ba shine a d’usaid adopted by the Irish Volunteers in the 1780s naisiunaigh Eireannacha bratach ghlas ar and especially by the United Irishmen in the a raibh cruit (fior a), a ghabh siar go dti na 1798 rebellion. i64oidi ar a laghad. Anuas air sin, ghlac Widespread recognition was not Oglaigh na hEireann leis sna i78oidf, go accorded to the flag until 1848. From March hairithe na hEireannaigh Aontaithe in eirf o f that year, Irish tricolours appeared side by amach 1798. side with French ones at meetings held all over Nior tugadh aitheantas fairsing don the country to celebrate the revolution that had bhratach go dti 1848. O Mharta na bliana sin just taken place in France. On 7 March 1848, ar aghaidh, bhf bratacha trf dhath na hEireann Thomas Francis Meagher, the Young Ireland ar crochadh taobh le bratacha na Fraince ag leader, flew a tricolour from 33 The Mall in cruinnithe a bhf ar siul fud fad na tire chun an Waterford, where it flew continuously for a t-eiri amach a cheiliuradh a bhf tar eis titim week until removed by the authorities. amach sa Fhrainc. An 7 Marta 1848, chuir Thomas Francis Meagher, ceannasaf Og na 1 hEireann, bratach tri dhath ar foluain o Uimhir V 33, an Meal i bPort Lairge, ait a raibh si ar foluain gan staonadh ar feadh seachtaine go dti gur bhain na hudarais 1. In Aibrean, thug Meagher bratach tri dhath leis o Pharas, thug se an bhratach i lathair i gcruinniu i mBaile Atha Cliath agus mhmigh se an tabhacht a bhain leis na dathanna: ‘Is eard ata i gceist leis an dath ban i

F IG U R E A CUIMHNEACHAIN DHOMHNACH CASCA 2016

In April, Meagher brought a tricolour from lar na bratai na sos cogaidh marthanach idir Paris, presented it to a Dublin meeting and an dath Oraiste agus an dath Glas agus ta outlined the significance of the colours: suil agam gur feidir le Protastunaigh agus le ‘The white in the centre signifies a lasting Caitlicigh na hEireann lamha a chreathadh truce between Orange and Green and I trust that faoina bun i mbraithreachas flaithiuil beneath its folds the hands of Irish Protestants agus laochuil.’ and Irish Catholics may be clasped in generous Duirt John Mitchel, ball chomh maith and heroic brotherhood.’ d’Og-Ghluaiseacht na hEireann, an meid seo: John Mitchel, also a member of the Young ‘Ta suil agam go bhfeicfidh me an bhratach Ireland Movement, said: ‘I hope to see that flag sin ar crochadh la eigin mar ar mbratach one day waving as our national banner.’ naisiunta.’ Although the tricolour was not forgotten Ce nach ndearnadh dearmad ar an as a symbol of hoped-for union and a banner mbratach tri dhath mar shiombail den aontas associated with the Young Irelanders and a rabhthas ag suil leis agus mar bhratach a revolution, it was little used between 1848 and bhaineann leis na hEireannaigh Oga agus le 1916. Even up to the eve o f the Rising in 1916, heiri amach, ba bheag usaid a baineadh aisti the green flag with harp held undisputed sway. idir 1848 agus 1916. Fiu a fhad leis an oiche The Irish tricolour flag was flown over roimh an Eirf Amach i 1916, ba 1 an bhratach the General Post Office on Easter Monday, 1916, ghlas ar a raibh an chruit an bhratach ba mho along with a large green flag inscribed with the a crochadh. words ‘Irish Republic’ (fig u re b). The Citizen Cuireadh tri dhath na hEireann ar foluain Army Flag (fig u re c) flew on the Imperial o Ard-Oifig an Phoist Luan Casca, 1916, mar Hotel on O’Connell St. during the Rising. This aon le bratach mhor ghlas ar a raibh na focail flag shows a stylised representation of a plough ‘Poblacht na hEireann’ (fior b). Cuireadh with a representation of the constellation Ursa Bratach an Airm Chathartha (fior c) ar foluain Major superimposed on it, all on a green field ar Ostan an Imperial ar Shraid Ui Chonaill i bordered by a gilt fringe. rith an Eirf Amach. Taispeantar ar an mbrat seo Associated with separatism in the past, fomha stflithe de cheachta a raibh fomha den flown during the Rising of 1916 and capturing realtbhuion Ursa Major leagtha anuas uirthi, the national imagination as the banner of the agus an da fomha leagtha anuas ar phairc ghlas new revolutionary Ireland, the tricolour came to ar ghabh frainse oraithe thart uirthi. be accepted as the National Flag. Bhf baint ag an mbratach le scarunachas san am a bhf thart, cuireadh 1 ar foluain i rith Eirf Amach 1916 agus leirigh si an tsamhlaiocht naisiunta mar bhratach Eire nua na reabhloide, agus glacadh leis an mbratach tri dhath mar an mBratach Naisiunta.

FIG U R E B FIG U R E C EASTER SUNDAY COMMEMORATION 2016

Documents Illustrating the Development of the State Doicimeid a leirionn Forbairt an Stait

The seminal event that was the An ocaid ba thabhachtai na gur cuireadh tus Easter Rising began with the reading of the le hEiri Amach na Casca nuair a leadh amach Proclamation. Landmarks that followed an Forogra. Bhi doicimead ag gabhail le gach as the Irish State grew in freedom and cor cinniunach a tharla ina dhiaidh sin de reir independence and Ireland began, in Robert mar a thainig fas ar Stat na hEireann 0 thaobh Emmet’s phrase, to take her place among the na saoirse agus an neamhspleachais, agus de nations of the earth, were also accompanied reir mar a ghlac Eire a ait, mar a diiirt Robert by documents. Such landmarks, beginning Emmet, ‘among the nations of the earth’. I with the Anglo-Irish Treaty o f 1921, include the mease na gcor cinniunach sin, a thosaigh leis 1922 Constitution; the 1937 Constitution; the an gConradh Angla-Eireannach i 1921, bhi declaration o f the Republic in 1949; Ireland’s Bunreacht 1922; Bunreacht 1937; forogra na joining the United Nations in 1955; accession Poblachta 1949; Eire ag dul isteach sna Naisiuin to what is,now the European Union in 1973; Aontaithe i 1955; aontachas leis an Aontas and the Good Friday Agreement of 1998. Eorpach, mar a thugtar anois air, i 1973; agus The photographs that follow show Comhaontu Aoine an Cheasta i 1998. some of the documents that accompanied Leirionn na grianghraif thios cuid de na these landmarks. doicimeid a theann le na coir chinniunaigh sin.

In Southern Ireland since th* peaalng of the Oovernaent of In land tax, 1920, and for eoaatitubing * provisional «ov- [1922.] {ItmMiMvm of thr Iri*h Fnt Hinh i No. 1.1 (S»ordAl Hiram*) Ad. •rancnt, sad tfa* Srltiob Uorerr.aieB t ahall tag* the steps neo- eeaexy to transfer to *uoh provlatonal Oovarnaant the powers CONSTITUTION OF sad machinery raqaiaite for the discharge of i t * datiaa, pro­ THE IRISH FREE STATE vided that ever; oasbar of snob provisional Uovemsent shell (SAORSTAT EIREANN) ACT, 1922. hare signified to writing his or her eooeptano# of th is in - stm aent. Sot th is arrangaawmt sh e ll not continue in fore* AN A(T TO ENACT A ntNHTrUTION FOR THE IRISH beyond the erspiretioa of twelve months from the dste hereof. FREE STATE (SAORSTAT EIREANN) AND FOR IMPLEMENTING THE TREATY BETWEEN OR EAT 19. Shis instrument shall be snhsitted forthwith by His BRITAIN AND IRELAND SHINED AT LONDON M ajesty's Sowrmaiiut for the approTel of psrliansent end by ON THE #TH DAY OP DECEMBER, ihil the Irish aignstories to a nesting sosuoned for the purpose of the nenbere sleeted to a it in the Eoae* of Coaoons of T'vAlL EIREANN silting m a t'onstituent A i D h m im al Parliament acknowledging that afl lawful Southern Ireland, and i f approved shell be rstifle d by the authontv comes from (kid to the people end in the confidence neoeeeery legialetion . that the National hie ami unity of Ireland shall thus he tMoml. hereby proclaims the estahludimcnt of Hie Irish Free State (otherwise called SaorstAI Kinwnii) and in the e\n«*i*e of un­ doubted right, decrees and enact* aa follow* I. The Constitution act forth in the First Schedule hereto annexed shall he the Constitution of Tin Irish Free State (Saorstat Eireann). S. The said Constitution dial) he construed with reference to the Article’s of Agreement fora Treaty between (Heat Britain and lit land set forth in the Second Schedule hereto annexed (hereinafter referred to as " the Scheduled Treaty "I which arc hen-bv given the force of lew, and if any provision of the aeid Constitution or of agy amendment thereof or of any law made rhcn-imder is in any respect repugnant to any of the provision- of the >Scheduled Treaty, it idiall. to the extent only of such repugnancy. lie abso­ lutely void and inoperative and the Parliament and the Executive Council of the Irish Frre State (Saoratal Eireann} -hall n-*|ie< lively ]iaaa such further legislation awl do all such otlier things a* may hr necessary to implement the Scheduled Treaty. .1. This Act may be cited lor all purpose- ,i- tin- f ‘onstitution of The Irish Free Slate (Saors&t Eireann) Act. H*t2.

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1973 TREATY OF ACCESS TO THE EU GOOD FRIDAY AGREEMENT 1998 EASTER SUNDAY COMMEMORATION 2016

Its special effects, soundscapes and heartfelt 'Beidh speis ag gach aois-ghrupa sa stories o f real people in extraordinary mhaisiocht, sna fuaimphictiuir agus i scealta circumstances will captivate all age-groups. na ndaoine a bhi i lathair agus pairteach The centrepiece is an immersive audio-visual sna himeachtai iontacha seo. Spas clos- space that will put visitors right at the heart amhairc tumthach ata i gceist a thabharfaidh o f the events during the five days in which cuairteoiri chuig croi-lar na n-imeachtai the GPO was both the military command mar a thit siad amach sna cuig la a raibh centre and the seat o f the Provisional Ard-Oifig an Phoist ina lar-ionad mileata ag Irish Government. Rialtas Sealadach na hEireann.

THE NATIONAL CONCERT HALL an c e o l Aras n Aisiunta

An official opening is currently planned Ta se beartaithe an oscailt oifigiuil a for Monday April n , to be followed by an dheanamh an Luan an n Aibrean agus opening season of events to include classical ina dhiaidh sin go mbeadh seasur oscailte chamber music, traditional music, jazz, imeachtai ceol aireagail, ceol traidisiunta, contemporary music, spoken word and snagcheol, ceol nua-aimseartha, cainteanna lectures during April, May and June. agus leachtai ar siul le linn Aibrean, There will also be an exhibition Bealtaine agus Meitheamh. about Kevin Barry (courtesy o f UCD) and Beidh taispeantas freisin ann faoi a photographic exhibition on the Treaty Kevin Barry (le caoinchead o UCD) agus Debates that took place in the rooms in taispeantas grianghraf de na Diospoireachtaf December 1921 / January 1922. ar an gConradh a thit amach sna seomrai i mi na Nollag 1921 / Eanair 1922.

THE TENEMENT MUSEUM, DUBLIN AN MLJSAEM TIOn 6 n tAn No. 14 Henrietta Street is being developed as a social history museum in which visitors Ta Uimh. 14 Sraid Henrietta a fhorbairt mar can explore the contrasting experiences mhusaem stair shoisialta ina bhfeadfaidh o f daily life in the house and on the street cuairteoiri an difriocht idir an gnathshaol and in North Inner City Dublin from the sa teach agus i Larchathair Thuaidh Bhaile mid-i8th century to the tenement period. Atha Cliath a fhiosru, o lar an i8u haois The museum will be housed on three floors go dti treimhse na dtionontan. Beidh tri and will include a restored tenement flat urlar sa mhusaem agus mar chuid de beidh from c. 1960-70, and a reinstated main arasan tionontain athchoirithe o c.1960-70, stairs from the 1740s. Oral recordings of agus aischuirfear ann priomhstaighre o na people who once lived in the tenements i74oidi. Beidh taifeadtaf beil o dhaoine a and commissioned 4th level research will chonaigh sna tionontain trath agus cuirfear be curated thematically and presented both taighde coimisiunaithe 411 leibheal i lathair, audio-visually and through guided tours. faoi theamai eagsula, i bhfoirm closamhairc agus tri thurais treoraithe.

33 c u i m h n e a c h Ain d h o m h n a c h c Asca 2016

THE MILITARY ARCHIVES AN CHARTLANN MH/LEATA

The refurbishment and expansion of the Tri athchoiriu agus leathnu a dheanamh existing building in Cathal Brugha Barracks ar an bhfoirgneamh ata ann cheana fein will provide an archival facility for important i nDun Chathail Bhrugha, cuirfear ais records including records from the Military cartlainne do thaifid thabhachtacha ar Service (1916 -1923) Pensions Collection fail, lena n-airitear taifid o Bhailiuchanna and will also incorporate a front-of-house bPinsean Seirbhise Mfleata (1916-1923) agus facility, administration accommodation and beidh ais failteachais, coiriocht riarachain a new purpose-built annex building. agus foirgneamh saintogtha nua i gceistleis freisin.

MOORE STREET

s r Aid an m h u r a i g h The conservation and restoration of these late 18th century houses and their adaptation D’fhonn an seadchomhartha naisiunta a to a Commemorative Centre will safeguard chosaint deanfar na tithe seo a rinneadh the national monument, and return it to ag deireadh an i8u cead a chaomhnu agus its 1916 condition, allowing visitors to a athchoiriu chun Ionad Cuimhneachain a experience the building as they were when dheanamh dfobh. Reiteofar iad mar a bhi the 1916 Leaders held their last council of said i 1916 ionas go mbeidh cuairteoiri in w ar there. ann iad a fheiceail mar a bhi siad nuair a reachtail Ceannairi 1916 an chomhairle

THE ATHENAEUM, WEXFORD deiridh cogaidh ann.

The refurbishment of The Athenaeum will AN ATHENAEUM, LOCH GARMAN provide a multi-purpose theatre and feature a 1916 exhibition in the building that was Le hathchoiriu Athenaeum, cruthofar the headquarters o f the Irish Volunteers in amharclann ilchuspoir agus taispeantas 1916 Enniscorthy in the Easter Rising where the san fhoirgneamh a bhi mar cheanncheathru Irish tricolour flew for five days. It was the Oglaigh na hEireann in Inis Corthaidh san last rebel stronghold to surrender in Ireland, Eirf Amach ait a raibh bratach tri dhath na on istM ay 1916. hEireann ar foluain ar feadh cuig la. Ba e an daingean deireanach in Eirinn de chuid na reibiliunach a gheill an iu Bealtaine 1916. EASTER SUNDAY COMMEMORATION 2016

The commemoration will be measured Cuimhneachan stuama agus machnamhach and reflective, and will be informed by a a bheidh ann, a bheidh bunaithe ar full acknowledgement of the complexity aitheantas iomlan ar chastacht imeachtaf o f historical events and their legacy, o f the staire agus an tionchar a bhi acu, ar na multiple readings o f history, and of the leamha eagsula is feidir a bheith againn ar an multiple identities and traditions which stair, agus ar na ceannachtaf agus traidisiuin are part o f the Irish historical experience. eagsula ata mar chuid d’eispeireas staire There must be full acknowledgement of na hEireann. Nf mor aitheantas iomlan the multiple identities and traditions which a thabhairt do na ceannachtaf agus na are part o f the overall story and o f the traidisiuin eagsula ata mar chuid den different ideals and sacrifices associated sceal iomlan agus do na hideil agus na with them. Official events must within hfobairtf a bhaineann leo. Nf mor d’ocaidf reason be inclusive and non-partisan, oifigiula a bheith uilechuimsitheach agus but the State should not be expected to neamhchlaonta, a mheid a bheidh reasunta, be neutral about its own existence. The ach mor cheart a bheith ag suil go mbeidh aim should be to broaden sympathies, an Stat neodrach faoina bhunu. An aidhm is without having to abandon loyalties, and in ceart a bheith ann na chun comhthuiscint a particular recognising the value of ideals and mheadu gan dflseacht a threigean, agus go sacrifices, including their cost. hairithe aitheantas a thabhairt don luach a bhain le hideil agus fobairtf, chomh maith Expert Advisory Group lena gcostas. on Commemorations On Sainghrupa Comhairleach ar Chuimhneachain

Remembering those who died Cuimhneamh orthu siud a bhasaigh

PERCIVALHAVELOCKACHESON JOHN COSTELLO JANE COSTELLO • THOMAS COUGHLAN JAMES FRANCIS ADAMS CLEMENT COURTNEY • THOMAS KEARSE COWLEY HENRYTHOMAS WARD ALIATT#THOMAS ALLEN RICHARD COXON • HENRY COYLE • JOHN COYLE • JULIA CRAWFORD BRIDGET ALLEN • JOSEPH CHRISTOPHER ANDREWS JOHN CREAVEN • JOHN CEENIGAN • CHARLES LOVE CROCKETT JOHN HERBERT ARMSTRONG • JOHN BALLANTYNE JOHN CROMIEN • JOSEPH CULLEN • JAMES CUNNINGHAM ALICE BAMBRICK # ARTHUR BANKS MARY CUNNINGHAM • ANDREW CHRISTOPHER CUNNINGHAM • FRANCIS CURLEY FREDERICK CHARLES BANTING • GEORGE W ILLIAM BARKS HAROLD CHARLES DAFFEN • MARGARET' DALY • EDWARD DALY • CHARLES DARCY GEORGE WILLIAM BARNETT • HAROLD BARRATT ERNEST DAVENPORT • CATHERINE DAVIS • JOHN DAWSON • PATRICK DERRICK JOHN BARRATT • BRIDGET BARRY • WILLIAM BARTER HARRY DICKINSON • THOMAS DICKSON • FREDERICK CHRISTIAN DIETRICHSEN PATRICK BEALIN • JOHN BEIRNES • OSCAR BENTLEY PATRICK DIGNAM • ROBERT DILLON • HENRY CHARLES DIXEY JAMES BLAYNEY • JOHN SAMUEL BLISSETT • JAMES BLUNDELL HENRY BOND • HAROLD BOURNE • JOHN REGINALD BOYVCOTT CHARLIE THOMAS DIXON STEPHEN PATRICK DOYLE JAMES HORACE BRADFORD • JAMES BRADY • JOHN BRENNAN CECIL EUSTACE DOCKERAY THOMAS DOYLE • JOHN DOYLE FRANCIS A BRENNAN • MALACHY BRENNAN • JOHN BRENNAN BRENDAN DONLAN • JOHN DONNELLY HAROLD BRINDLEY • PATRICK BROSNAN DANIEL DOYLE • JAMES DUFFY GEORGE BROWN # MOOT AGUE BERNARD BROWNE THOMAS DONNELLY CORNELIUS DUGGAN • RICHARD DUNLEA FRANCIS HENRY BROWNING DOMINICK THOMAS DONOHOE MOSES DUNNE • EDWARD DUNNE JULIA BRUNELL • MARY BRUNSWICK JOHN DUNPHY • JOHN DWAN LUCY BUCKLEY • W II.I JAM FRANCIS BURKE JOSEPH DONOHOE MARY DWYER • ALFRED GODDARD ELLIOTT FREDERICK WILLIAM ROBERT BURKE JAMES DOOLEY • DENIS DORGAN ALFRED ELLIS • PETER ENNIS RICHARD BUTLER • LOUIS BYRNE MOSES DOYLE • JOHN DOYLE GEORGE ENNIS * EDWARD ENNIS JOHN BYRNE • PATRICK BYRNE PATRICK DOYLE • JOHN DOYLE PETER FAHEY • ERNEST FARNSW ORTH EDWARD BYRNE • JAMES BYRNE JEREMIAH FARRELL • PATRICK FARRELL • JOHN FARRELLY • PAUL FEENEY • JOHN JOSEPH FENNELL ANDREW JAMES BYRNE • JAMES BYRNE CHRISTINA CAFFREY • GEORGE WILLIAM CAHILL PATRICK FENNELL • ARTHUR FERRIS • PATRICK FETHERSTON # FRANCIS FINLAY ANNE JANE CALDWELL • JAMES HOWARD CAI.VERT JAMES FINNEGAN • WILLIAM FINNEGAN • JOHN HENRY FLETCHER MICHAEL CARR • WILLIAM CARRICK JOHN FLYNN • MICHAEL FLYNN • THOMAS FORAN • JOHN ROBERT FORTH • JOHN FRANCIS FOSTER CHARLES CARRIGAN ® JAMES JOSEPH CARROLL WILLIAM FOX • JAMES FOX • ERNEST FOX • JAMES FRAZER • PATRICK FRIEL ROGER CASEMENT WILLIAM FRITH • NEVILLE NICHOLAS FRYDAY # ROBERT GAMBLE ANT JOHN h e n ry GIBBS • JOHN gibney Vj EUI v u E G E U u i l EX xA I N ROBERT giaister * DAVID glennon EAMONNCEANNT PATRICK JOSEPH GERAGHTY MICHAEL GLYNN • JAMES GORMLEY THOMAS HENRY CHAPMAN * JAMES CHICK JOSEPH GERAGHTY JOSEPH GOSS • ANDREW GOULDING JOSEPH CLARKE® PHILIP CLARKE® RICHARD CLARKE GEORGE GRAY • ALEXANDER GRAY THOMAS J CLARKE PATRICK GREEN • WILLIAM GREGG JAMES CLEARY • REGINALD FRANCIS CLERY h e n r y HARE ROBERT CANTEBURY HALL JAMES JOSEPH COADE ® ARTHUR ELIAS COBBOLD ABRAHAM HARRIS WILLIAM JAMES HALLIDAY • JOHN HANNA CORNELIUS COLBERT • MARY ANNE COLE THOMAS ALBERTCOLLINS®JUIJACONDRON PATRICK HARRIS ELIZABETH HANRATTY * THOMAS HARBORNE JOHN CONNOLLY • WILLIAM CONNOLLY THOMAS HARRISON • WILLIAM VICTOR HAWKEN • MORGAN HAYES PETER CONNOLLY CHARLES HAYTER • JAMES DAVID ARTHUR HEAD I AND • JOHN HEALY JAMES PATRICK HEALY • WILLIAM HEAVEY • ROBERT PATRICK HEENEY SEAN HEUSTON • HENRY MEYRICK HEWETT • JAMES HICKEY • THOMAS HICKEY CHRISTOPHER HICKEY' • CHRISTOPHER HEGGINS • PATRICK HOEY • JOHN HOEY JAMES JEREMIAH HOGAN • JAMES HOGAN • ARTHUR HOLBROOK • LUKE HOLLAND JOSEPH HOSFORD 9 JOHN BERNARD HOWARD • CHARLES HOYLE CONNOLLY FREDERICK JOHN HUGHES • MICHAEL HUGHES • JOHN W ill JAM HUMFREY HUMPHREYS MARY CONNOLLY • CHRISTOPHER CONNOR WILLIAM HENRY HUMPHRIES • GODFREY JACKSON HUNTER • JOHN HURLEY JOHN COOKE • CORBIN • JAMES CORCORAN HERBERT JOHN CORD WELL » JAMES HAMLET CORNWELL SfiAN HURLEY • CHARLES HACHETTE HYIAND • PATRICK IVORS MARY ANNECORRIGAN • EDWARDCOSGRAVE WILLIAM EDGAR MOY JAMES # PERCY JEFFS EDWARD JOSEPH COSTELLO • JOHN COSTELLO JAMES JESSOP • FRANK JOBBER ROBERT JOHNSTON LAURENCE MULLIGAN CHRISTOPHER JORDAN WILLIAM MULRANEY • JAMES ARTHUR MULVEY THOMAS MORAN J O Z t • JANE KANE MICHEAL MULVIHILL • EDWARD MURPHY • RICHARD MURPHY ERNEST KAVANAGH • CHARLES KAVANAGH JOHN MURPHY • GEORGINA MURPHY • CATHERINE MURPHY JOHN MURRAY • JOSEPHY MURRAY • DANIEL JOSEPH MURRAY • ANNIE MYERS MICHAEL KAVANAGH » ALEXANDER KEANE • JOHANNA KEARNS CORNELIUS KEATING * FRANCIS KEEGAN • JOHN KEELY • ALBERT KEEP MARGARET NAYLOR • JOHN NEAL • PATRICK NEALAN • JAMES CRAWFORD NEIL GERALD ALOYS1US NEJLAN • MARY NEILL * ALBERT NEWLAND * JAMES NOLAN * MARGARET NOLAN MARGARET KEHOE • LAURENCE KELLY • JAMES KELLY • DENIS KELLY MICHAEL NUNAN * ROBERT F. O’BEIRNE • JAMES O’BRIEN • JOHN O’CALLAGHAN • RICHARD O’CARROLL PATRICK KELLY • MARY KELLY * MARY KENNY • RICHARD KENT JOHN O’CONNOR ® MICHAEL O’CONNOR ♦ PATRICK O’CONNOR* ELLEN O’CONNOR® JOHN O’DONOGHUE THOMAS KENT* THOMAS KENYON • MICHAEL KEOGH • GERALD KEOGH JOHN O’DUFFY • RICHARD O’FI AHERTY • JOSEPH O’FLAHER IY • PATRICK JOSEPH OTLANAGAN JOHN KIRWAN • ALBERT JAMES KITCHEN CHARLES O’GORMAN • PATRICK O’GRADY • JOHN O’GRADY • EDWARD O’GRADY HENRY KNOWLES • FRANCIS WILLIAM WHITE KNOX MICHAEL O’ HAN RA HAN • MARTIN O'LEARY • WILLIAM O’NEILL • JOHN OREILLY MICHAEL LAHIFF • WILLIAM LANG RICHARD O REILLY # THOMAS JOSEPH O’REILLY O’TOOLE • MICHAEL JOSEPH ORAHILLY * CLARENCE OSBORNE • JOHN OWENS SAMUEL LONG • FRANCIS LUCAS • ALGERNON LUCAS PATRICK LYNCH • JOHN HENRY MACNAMARA PADRAIG SEAN PEARSE WILLIAM PEARSE GUY VICKERY PINFIELD MACDIARMADA THOMAS PENTONY GEORGE ALEXANDER PLAYFAIR THOMAS JOSEPH MARY PLUNKETT JAMES POWER • CHRISTINA PURCELL • PHILIP ADDISON PURSER • JAMES QUINN MACDONAGH ELIZABETH QUIRK • THOMAS RAFFERTY • ALAN LIVINGSTONE RAMSAY • MARY REDMOND FRANCIS MACKEN • PETER (PAUL) MACKEN CHRISTOPHER REDMOND • REILLY • JOHN REILLY • THOMAS REILLY • GEORGE REYNOLDS ROBERT ANDERSONMACKENZIE PATRICK REYNOLDS • WILLIAM JOHN RICE TIMOTHY SPELLMAN • PATRICK STEPHENSON WILLIAM MAGUIRE • MICHAEL MALLIN HAROLD RODGERS • THOMAS F. ROURKE BRIDGET STEWART • JOHN STILLMAN JOHN MALLON • MICHAEL MALONE WILLIAM NELSON ROWE • PATRICK RYAN HOLDEN STODART • GEORGE SYNNOT FREDERICK RYAN * GEORGE PERCY SAINSBURY ROSANNA 1AAFFE • DAVID PEBOVAL TEMPEST PETER PAUL MANNING * PATRICK MARTIN FRANCIS SALMON • CHARI JiS SAUNDERS JOHN MCBRIDE * HARRIET MCCABE JOHN A THOMPSON • MARY TIMMONS AKIHUR JAMES SCARLETT * ABSLONF. SCHERZENGER JOHN JOSEPH TRAYNOR * THOMAS TREACY MICHAEL MCCABE • JOHN MCCARTHY WALTER ERIC SCOTT * JOHN SHANAGHER PATRICK TREVOR* WALTER ASTI JiTUNNICIJFFE JAMES MCCARTNEY • ALEXANDER MCCLELLAND JOSEPH SHARGINE • DANIEL SHEEHAN ALFRED TYLER • PRUDENCE VANTREEN JAMES MCCORMACK * JAMES MCCORMACK FRANCK JOSEPH CHRISTOPHER SHEKHY-SKKFFINCTON FLORENCE SHEILS • HENRY SHEPHERD EDWARD CARDEN VARNALS JAMES MCCULLOUGH JOHN HENRY SHERWOOD • PATRICK SHORTTS MARGARET MARY VEAIJ5 • WH.1.IAM WALKER ANDREW MCDONNELL ALFRED SIBLEY • VINCENT PAUL SIMPSON KATE WALSH • PHIIJP WA1JSH • EDWARD WALSH WILIJAM MCDOWEIJ, * JOHN MCELVERY ARTHUR CHARLES SMITH • HENRY SMYTH JOHN WALSH • PHILIP WALSH EDWARD MCGALEY • CHARLES MCGEE ELIZABETH SMYTH • BERT SPEED JAMES JOSEPH WAISH • AUSTIN JOSEPH WALTON MARGARETMCGUINESS* RICHARD MCHALE ELEANOR WARBROOK • ALFRED ERNEST WARMINGTON • ARTHUR WARNER • ABRAHAM WATCHORN PATRICK MCINTYRE * BRIDGET MCKANE RICHARD WATERS • WILLIAM WATSON • FEL IX JOSEPH WATTRES MICHAEL MCKILLOP * JAMES MCLOUGHLIN THOMAS JOSEPH WEAFER • WILLIAM WEST • PATRICK WHELAN • PATRICK WHEIAN RAPHAEL MCLOUGHLIN • PATRICK MCMANUS JOHN MEAGHER • JOHN MEEGAN CHRISTOPHER WHELAN • DANIEL WHELAN • SARAH W HEIAN THOMAS MELEADY • JULIA MERON JOHN WHELAN • MYLES WHITE • ELIZABETH WILKINSON THOMAS HENRY MILLER DAVID WILSON • PETER WILSON • ALBERT EDWARD WOOD CHRISTOPHER MILLER » CHARLES MONAHAN RICHARD WOODCOCK • BASIL HENRY WORSLEY-WORSWICK CHRISTOPHER MOORE ® W IIJJAM MOORE JAMES MOORE • ELIZABETH MORAN WILLIAM THOMAS PERCY WRIGHT • GEORGE WYLD MARY MORRIS • NATHANIEL MORTON SIDNEY LEONARD YOUNG JOHN MULHERN * WILLIAM MULLEN JOHN YOUNG