Abbreviations and Acronyms in Medicine and Nursing

SOLOMON GARB, M.D., F.A.C.P. Scientific Director, American Medical Center at Denver Associate Clinica[ Professor of Medicine, University ofColorado Me.dical College

ELEANOR KRAKAUER Medical Librarian, American Medical Center at Denver

CARSON JUSTICE Administrative Assistant, American Medical Center at Denver

~ Springer Science+Business Media, LLC Copyright© 1976 Springer Science+Business Media New York Originally published by Springer Publishing Company, Inc. in 1976 Softcover reprint ofthe hardcover 1st edition 1976

Ali rights reserved

No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of Springer Publishing Company, Inc.

76 77 78 79 80 / 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 Cover designed by Celia Brewer

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Oata Garb, Solomon. Abbreviations and acronyms in medicine and nursing.

Bibliography: p. 1. Medicine--Abbreviations. 2. Medicine--Acronyms. 3. 1/ursing--Abbreviations. 4. 1/ursing--Acronyms. I. Krakauer, Eleanor, joint author. II. Justice, Car• son, joint author. III. Title. [D1~~: 1. Medicine-• Abbreviations. 2. Medicine--Acronyms. 3. Nursing-• Abbreviations. 4. Nursing--Acronyms. Wl3 G213a] Rl2l.G22 610'.1'48 75-29483 ISBN 978-3-662-38800-6 ISBN 978-3-662-39704-6 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-662-39704-6 Preface

The use of abbreviations in medicine and nursing has been increasing rapidly. Unfor• tunately, there are no rules, regulations, or agreements about the proper form for such abbreviations, nor is there even a central group to make such rules, regulations, or agreements. Consequently, growing confusion has resulted. This book is an attempt to provide some help for those who encounter abbreviations that must be translated to make sense of a description, a history and physical, a physician's order, ora report. We are grateful to Ms. Pam Werner for her efficient secretarial assistance. We welcome any suggestions for new abbreviatiom to be added to future editions, or any other suggestions for improvements.

iii lntroduction

The abbreviations listed in this book are those that are in use or have been in use. They are not to be considered our recommendations. lndeed, we believe, with others, that there are entirely too many abbreviations and that many of them are confusing and undesirable. Few if any readers will encounter ali the abbreviations listed. However, no one can predict which mix of abbreviations will be encountered by any individual, so a fairly complete list is presented. Many hospitals have. or should have, an approved list of abbreviations. This book can be used as the nucleus of such a list. A committee can check those abbreviations that are approved for use in that hospital, and space has been left at the bottom of each page to add any special abbreviations that are not listed. At the same time, the unchecked abbreviations can be helpful as a guide to understanding records from other hospitals and articles in journals. AII entries are arranged alphabetically, and the absence of a letter precedes the letter A. For example. the abbreviation P precedes PA. We have followed established usage in deciding whether to capitalize or not to capitalize. However, we place no reliance on this, since there are too many discrepan• cies in such usage, and since it is in constant flux. If an abbreviation is capitalized in this book. it means that the sources in which we found the abbreviation used capitals. Unfortunately, however. a physician using that abbreviation may not employ capitals. so one must be prepared to interchange capital and smallletters in many situations. Following the alphabetical list are supplementary lists that include the letters of the Greek alphabet, symbols for Greek and Roman letters used together. and nonal• phabetical symbols. The latter are not. of course, in any particular order. Most of the abbreviations are derived from the first letters of the words being abbreviated. Others involve parts of words, and stil! others are derived from Latin. For this reason, there may not be any readily recognizable correspondence between the abbreviation and the original words. Most of the abbreviations in this li sting are in current use. Some older or obsolete abbreviations are also included since they are encountered when one reads old articles or patients' charts. V It is quite evident that the same abbreviation may be used to denote many different things that are completely unrelated. Sometimes, the context in which the abbreviation is used may indicate its probable meaning. At other times, however, this is not possible. For example, in the sentence "The ACS recommends an intensive search to tind less toxic anticancer drugs," the abbreviation ACS could apply with equallogic to the American Cancer Society, the American Chemical Society, or the American Col• lege of Surgeons. Greater care is needed in developing and using acronyms, especially those that duplicate or resemble words that already have a meaning. A particularly unfortunate choice is the acronym COLD to refer to chronic obstructive lung disease. One can imagine the distress of a patient who has been hospitalized and who received an extensive workup and substantial bill, when he inadvertently hears or sees the term COLD used as the final diagnosis. We recommend that acronyms used in medicine and nursing not be duplicates of any existing words. Steps need to be taken to lessen the confusion caused by excessive use of abbrevi• ations. It is customary, in some journals and books, to introduce an abbreviation in parenthesis immediately after the word or phrase being abbreviated, and to use only the abbreviation thereafter. This is cumbersome and quite unsatisfactory to the reader who may forget the meaning of the abbreviation and ha ve to search the text for the key. A much better system would be to provide a box in which ali abbreviations used in a particular article or chapter are listed and translated.

References Abbreviations boggle (editorial). lAMA 223:77, 1973. Ames, L. Cutting the problem down to size. RN 37:58-59, 1974. CPI: chronic progressive initialitis (editorial). New Zealand Med. 1. 78:579-580, 1974. Feldman, V. Abbreviations (letter). New Zealand Med. 1. 77:180-181, 1973. Fischer, P. L. Medical abbreviations-the language of obscurity .. Ann. 32:257-258, 1974. Ricketts, H. T. Acronymity. lAMA 228:1150-1151, 1974. Robert, E. D. Familiar abbreviations. Lancet 2:851-852, 1973. Sassin, 1. F. Expunction of "CVA" (letter). New England Med. 1. 290:164, 1974. Vee, S. MDA and the MOD MD (letter). lAMA 223:80-81, 1973.

VI 1 AAL

A abnonna l AAA androgenic anabolic agent A absorbance AAALAC American Association for Accreditation of Laboratory a accommodation Animal Care a acid AAAM American Association for Automotive Medicine A a ll ergy AAAS American Association for A alternate the Advancement of Science A alveolar (gas) AABB American Association of Blood Banks a ampere AACC American Association of A Angstrom unit Clinical Chemists Angstrom unit AACO American Association of Certified Orthoptists a anode AACP American Association of a anterior Colleges of Phannacy a aqua ( fluid) AACR American Association for Cancer Research A area (of heart shadow) AAD American Academy of a artery, arteri al Dermatology a asymmetric AADP American Academy of Denture Prosthetics A atomic weight AADS American Association of A axial Dental Schools a before AAE American Association of Endodontists A water AAEE American Academy of Environ• A year menta 1 Engi neers aortic second sound AAF acetaminofluorine AA achievement age AAF acetic-alcohol-formalin AA Alcoholics Anonymous AAGP American Academy of General Practice aa of each AAI American Association of AAA abdominal aortic aneurysm Immunologists AAA acquired aplastic anemia AAIN American Association of Industrial Nurses aaa amalgam AAL anterior axillary line AAA American Academy of Allergy AALAS 2

AALAS American Association of AAP Association of American Laboratory Animal Science Physicians AAMA American Association of AAPB American Association of Medical Assistants Pathologists and Bacteriologists AAMC American Association of Medical Clinics AAPHP American Association of Public Health Physicians AAMC Association of American Medical Colleges AAPMR American Association of Physical Medicine and AAMD American Association on Rehabil itation Mental Deficiency AAPPP American Association of AAME acetylarginine methyl ester Planned Parenthood Physicians AAMI Association for the Advance• AAPS Association of American ment of Medical Instrumen• Physicians and Surgeons tation AAR Australia antigen AAMRL American Association of radioimmunoassay Librarians AAT acute abdominal tympany AAN American Academy of Neurology ab abortion AANS American Academy of Neurological Surgery ab about AANS American Association of Ab antibodies Neurological Surgeons AB asthmatic bronchitis AAO American Association of Ophthalmology AB Bachelor of Arts AAO American Association of A/B acid-base ratia Orthodontists AbAP antibody-against-panel AAOG American Association of Obstetricians and ABCC Atomic Bomb Casualty Gynecologists Commi ss ion AAOO American Academy of Ophthal• abd , abdominal mology and Otolaryngology abdom abdomen, abdominal AAOP American Academy of Oral Pa tho 1ogy ABE acute bacterial endocarditis AAOS American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons ABL antigen-binding lymphocytes AAP American Academy of Pediatrics ABMS Advisory Board for Medical Specialties AAP American Academy of Pedodon• tics abn abnormal AAP American Academy of abnorm abnormal Peri odonto 1ogy 3 ACOG

ABO absent bed occupant ACB arterialized capillary blood ABP arterial ace accident abs absolute ace accommodation ABS acute brain syndrome ace according abs in the absence of fever ACC alveolar cell carcinoma feb ACC American College of absc abscissa Cardiology absorb absorption ACCC Association of Community Cancer Centers abstr abstract accel acceleration ac acetyl AcCh acetylcholine AC acetylcysteine accid accident AC acid AcCoA acetyl coenzyme A AC acromioclavicular accom accommodation {eye) Ac acute ACCP American College of Ac actinium Chest Physicians AC adherent cell accum accumulation AC adrenal cortex ACD absolute cardiac dullness AC air conduction ACD acid, citrate, dextrose ac alternating current ACE adrenal cortical extract AC alternating current ACE angiotensin converting enzyme AC antiphlogistic corticoid ACEP American College of (anti-inflammatory cor• Emergency Physicians ticoid) ACFS American College of AC atriocarotid Foot Surgeons ac before meals Ac-G accelerator globulin ACA American College of ACG apexcardiogram Allergists ACh acetylcholine ACA American College of Anesthesiologists ACH adrenal cortical hormone ACA anterior cerebral artery AChE acetylcholinesterase acad academy ACOG American College of Obstetricians and Gynecol• ACB aortocoronary saphenous vein ogi s ts bypass ACOS 4

ACOS American College of ad to, up to Osteopathic Surgeons ad def to the point of fainting ACP American College of an Physicians ad 1 ib freely ACP aspirin, caffeine, phen• acetin ADA American Dental Association ACPM American College of ADA American Dermatological Preventive Medicine Association ACPP adrenocorticopolypeptide ADA American Diabetes Association ACR American College of ADA American Dietetic Association Radiology ADC Aid to Dependent Children ACS American Cancer Society add let there be added ACS American Chemical Society ADEM acute disseminated ACS American College of Surgeons encephalomyelitis ACS antireticular cytotoxic Adh antidiuretic hormone serum ADH antidiuretic hormone ACSW Academy of Certified Social Workers ADHA American Dental Hygienists Association ACT activated coagulation time adhib to be administered act activity ADL activities of daily life ACTD Actinomycin D ADM Administrative Medicine ACTH adrenocorticotropic hormone adm administrator activ activity adm admission ACTP adrenocorticotropic polypeptide adm admit ACVD acute cardiovascular disease admov let it be applied AC/W acetone/water ADN Associate Degree in Nursing AD achievement drive ADP automated data processing ad add ADP adenosine diphosphate AD adenoidal degeneration ADP the 5' (pyro)-diphosphates of adenosine AD average deviation ADPL average daily patient load AD right atrium ADR Accepted Dental Remedies AD right ear ADR adverse drug reaction 5 AH

ADS antidiuretic substance AFB acid-fast bacillus adst wh il e fever i s pres ent AFB American Foundation for feb the Blind

ADT adenosine triphosphate AFB 1 aflatoxin B1 ADT An abbreviation placed on AFCR American Federation for label of a placebo prescrip• Clinical Research tion AFIP Armed Forces Institute ADT automated dithionate test of Pathology ADTe tetanic contraction AFP alpha-fetoprotein adv against AFQT Armed Forces Qualification Test advert advertisement Ag antigen AE above ag atrial gallop AE acrodermatitis enter• opathica A/G albumin-globulin ratio AEC at earliest convenience AGA American Gastroenterological Association AEC Atomic Energy Commission AGA American Goiter Association AEG air encephalogram AGA accelerated growth area aeg patient AGD agar gel diffusion AEP average evoked potential agg agglutinate, agglutination AER aldosterone excretion rate aggl agglutinate, agglutination AER auditory evoked response agglut agglutinate, agglutination AER average evoked response aggreg aggregation AES American Encephalographic Soei ety agit shake AES American Epidemiological agit the vial being shaken Soei ety vas AES antieosinophil sera AGMK African green monkey kidney aet age, of age, aged AGN acute glomerulonephritis

AF acid fast AgN0 3 silver nitrate AF atrial fibrillation AGS American Gynecological Society AF atrial flutter AGV aniline gentian violet af audiofrequency AH hypermetropic astigmatism AHA 6

AHA American Heart Association AIHD acquired immune hemolytic disease AHA American Hospital Association AILD angioimmunoblastic AHC acute hemorrhagic lymphadenopathy with conjuctivitis dysproteinemi a AHC acute hemorrhagic cystitis AIN American Institute of Nutrit ion AHD antihypertensive drug AINA American Indian Nurses AHD autoimmune hemolytic disease Association AHF antihemophilic factor AINA automated immunoephelometric assay AHG antihemophilic globulin AIP acute idiopathic pericarditis AHG antihuman globulin AIP acute intermittent porphyria AHH arylhydrocarbon hydroxylase AJ ankle jerk AHN assistant head nurse AK above knee AI accidentally incurred AKA above knee amputation AI aortic insuffiency AK above knee amputation AI apical impulse amp AI artificial insemination AL adaptation level AI atrial insuffiency AL alignment mark (cardio• graphy) AlB aminoisobutyric acid Al aluminum AIBA aminoisobutyric acid ALA American Laryngological AIBS American Institute of Association Biologica] Sciences ALA American Lung Association AICAR amino-u-imidazole-5- carboxamide ribotide Ala aminolevulinic acid AID acute infectious disease ALA-D aminolevulinic acid dehydrase AID Agency for International alb albumin Development alb white AID artificial insemination by a donor ale alcohol AIH artificial insemination, Ale R alcohol rub homologous (husband) ALD aldolase AIHA American Industrial Hygiene Association alg algebraic AIHA autoimmune hemolytic anemia ALG antilymphocytic globulin 7 AMH

ALH anterior lobe of am ametropia hypophysis AM ampere meter alk alkaline AM amplitude modulation alk alkaline phosphatase phos am amyl alk alkaline phosphatase AM Aviation Medicine p'tase AM before noon ALL acute lymphoblastic 1eukemi a am meter angle ALL acute lymphocytic leukemia am myopic astigmatism all a 11 ergy AMA against medical advice ALMV anterior leaflet of mitral AMA American Manufacturers val ve Association ALOS average length of stay AMA American Medical Association ALP acute lupus pericarditis AMA Australian Medical Association ALP alkaline phosphatase AMA mitochondrial antibody ALROS American Laryngological, AMA-DE American Medical Association• Rhinological and Otological Drug Evaluations Society AMAERF American Medical Association ALS amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Education and Research Foundation ALS antilymphocyte serum AMAL Aero-Medical Acceleration alt alternate Laboratory alt altitude amb ambi ent alt every other day amb ambiguous dieb amb ambulatory alt every other hour hor AMCA aminomethylcyclohexane• carbonic acid alt every other night noe AMCD American Medical Center at Denver alv alveolar AMOS Association of Military ALW arch-loop-whorl Dental Surgeons AM actomyosin AMEL Aero-Medical Equipment Laboratory Am americium Amer American AM amethopterin AMH mixed astigmatism with mYOpia predominating AMHT 8

AMHT automated multiphasic AN avascular necrosis hea lth tes ti ng An normal atmosphere AMI acute myocardial infarction ANA American Neurological AML acute myelocytic leukemia Association AML Automated Multitest ANA American Nurses' Association Laboratory ANA antinuclear antibodies AMM agnogenic myeloid meta• plasia anal analysis ammon ammonia anal analgesic AMoL acute monocytic leukemia anat anatomy amor amorphous ANC Army Nurse Corps AMP adenosine monophosphate anes anesthesia, anesthesiology amp ampere anesth anesthesia, anesthesiology amp ampule an ex anode excitation amp amputate, amputation ANF antinuclear factor AMP the 5'-phosphates of the ang angle ribosyl nucleosides of ade ni ne anh anhydrous AMPS acid mucopolysaccharide ANHA American Nursing Home Association AMRA American Medical Record Association annot annotation AMRS automated medical record ANoA antinucleolar antibodies system ANRC American National Red Cross AMS auditory memory span ANS autonomie nervous system am' t amount ANT 2-amino-5 nitro thiazol AMVI acute mesenteric vascular (Enheptin) ins uffi ency ant antenna aMVL anterior mitral val ve leaflet ant anterior AMWA American Medical Women's Association ant anterior pituitary pit AMWA American Medical Writers' Association ant anterior superior spine sup spine An anisometropia antag antagonist An anode, anodal ante before 9 APHA anti- anticoagulant A &P anterior and posterior coag A & P and anti- antilogarithm log aortic second sound equals pulmonary second sound ANTU alpha naphthylthiourea aortic second sound greater AO achievement orientation than pulmonary second sound Ao aorta aortic second sound less than pulmonary second sound Ao aortic root APA American Pharmaceutical AO opening of the atrio• Association ventricular valves APA American Physiotherapy AOA American Orthopedic Association Association APA American Podiatry AOA American Osteopathic Association Association APA American Psychiatric AOD arterial occlusive disease Association aort aortic regurgitation APA American Psychoanalytic regurg Association aort aortic stenosis APA American Psychological sten Association AOS American Opthalmological APA antipernicious anemia factor Society APB atrial premature beats AOS American Otological Association APC adenoidal-pharyngeal• conjunctival (virus) AOTA American Occupational Therapy Association APC aspirin, phenacetin, caffeine AP Academy of Periodontology APC atrial premature contraction AP action potential APC-C aspirin, phenacetin, caffeine, AP alkaline phosphatase with codeine AP alum precipitated APD action potential duration AP anteroposterior APE anterior pituitary extract AP antipyri ne APF animal protein factor Ari aortic pressure APH anterior pituitary hormone AP appendix, appendectomy APHA American Protestant Hospital Association AP arterial pressure APHA American Public Health ap before di nner Association APIM 10

APIM Association Professionnelle aq bull boil ing water Internationale des Medecins aq corn common water APL anterior pituitary-like substance aq distilled water dest APL chorionic gonadotropin aq hot water AP & L anteroposterior and lateral ferv ( x-ray vi ews) aq cold water AP&Lat anteroposterior and lateral frig (x-ray views) aq mar sea water APORF acute postoperative renal fa il ure aq pur pure water app appendix aq tep tepid water app applied aqu aqueous appar apparatus AR achievement ratia appl appliance AR active resistance (exercises) appl applied AR alarm reaction applan f1 attened AR analytic reaction appoint appointment AR aortic regurgitation approx approximate A/R apical/radical appy appendectomy Ar argon APR anterior pituitary reaction ARA American Rheumatism APS adenosine phosphosulphate Association APT alum-precipitated toxoid Ara A adenine arabinoside APTA American Physical Therapy ARC American Red Cross Association ARC anomalous retinal APTT activated partial thrombo- correspondence plastin time ARD acute respiratory disease APUD amine and precursor uptake and decarboxylation ARD anorectal dressing APUR amine precursor uptake ARF acute renal failure decarboxylation ARFC autorosette forming cell s AQ achievement quotient arg s ilver aq aqueous ARM artificial rupture of the aq water membra nes 11 ASR

ARS antirabies serum ASDR American Society of Dental Radiographers ART Accredited Record Technician ASF aniline, sulfur and art a rtery forma 1dehyde art article ASG American Society for Genetics art artificial ASGE American Society of artif artificial Gastrointestinal Endoscopy AS androsterone sulfate ASH asymmetric septal hypertrophy AS ankylosing spondylitis As H hypermetropic astigmatism AS aortic stenosis ASHA American Social Health As a rseni c Association AS arteriosclerosis ASHA American Speech and Association As astigmatism ASHD arteriosclerotic heart AS atrial stenosis disease AS 1eft ear ASHP American Society of Hospital Pharmacists A-S Adams-Stokes (disease or syndrome) ASIS anterior superior iliac spine ASA acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) ASL antistreptolysin ASA American Society of ASL-0 antistreptolysin - O Anesthesiologists As M myopic astigmatism ASA American Standards Association ASMT American Society of Medical Technologists ASAIO American Society for Artificial Internal Organs ASO American Society of Orthodontists ASAP as soon as possible ASO antistreptolysin ASAS argininosuccinate synthetase ASO arteriosclerosis obliterans ASCI American Society for Clinical Investigation ASOT antistreptolysin titer ASCP American Society of ASP asparaginase Clinical Pathologists ASQ abbreviated symptom ASCVD arteriosclerotic cardio• q ues ti onna i re vascular disease ASR aldosterone secretion rate ASD atrial septal defect ASS 12

ASS anterior superior spine ATS antitetanic serum assby assembly ATS antithymocyte serum assoc associate, association ATS anxiety tension state asst assistant at wt atomic weight AST asparate aminotransferase AU Angstrom unit Ast astigmatism AU antitoxin unit ASTO antistreptolysin - O Au Australia (antigen) ASTR American Society of AU both ears together Therapeutic Radiologists AU each ear ASV antisiphon valve AUA American Urological AT abdominal tympany Association At astratine AUC blood concentration curve AT achievement test AUL acute undifferentiated leukemia A-T ataxia-telangiectasia aur auricular fibrillation AT 10 dihydrotachysterol fib ATB atrial tachycardia with aus auscultation block ausc auscultation ATCC American Type Culture Collections auscul auscultation ATD antithyroid drugs AV arteriovenous ATL atypical lymphocytes AV atrioventricular atm atmosphere av average ATN acute tubular necrosis av avoirdupois at no atomic number AVA arteriovenous anastomosis ATP adenosine triphosphate avdp avoirdupois ATP the 5' (pyro) -triphosphates AVH arteriovenous malformation of adenosine AVMA American Veterinary Medical ATPD ambient temperature and Association pressure, saturated (with water vapor) AVR aortic valve replacement ATR Achilles tendon reflex A&W alive and well atr atrophy AWF adrenal weight factor 13 Az ax axis ax axial gradient grad Az Aschheim-Zondek test 8 14

B bacill us BAO basal acid output

B barometri c BAO-MAO ratio of basal acid output to maximal acid output B base bar barometer, barometric B bath basos basophils B Baume scale batt battery B behavior BB both bones B bicuspid BB buffer base B blood BBA born before arrival B body BBB blood-brain barrier b born BBB bundle branch block B boron BBC brombenzylcyanide B brother BBT basal body temperature B buccal BC B gauss BCC basal cell carcinoma BA Bachelor of Arts BCDSP Boston Collaborative Drug Ba barium Surveillance Program BA acid BCG bacillus Calmette-Guerin BA boric acid BCG ballistocardiogram BA brachial artery BCG bicolor guaiac (test) BA bronchial asthma BCG bromcresol green B/A backache BCH basal cell hyperplasia BAA benzoyl arginine amide BCNU bischloroethylnitrosourea (carmustine) BAC bacterial antigen complex BCP bromcresyl purple bact bacteria, bacterial, bacteriology BD base of prism down BAIB beta-aminoisobutyric BD basophilic degeneration acid bd board bal balance bd twice a day BAL British Anti-Lewisite (dimercaprol) BDA British Dental Association bals balsam BDS Bachelor of Dental Surgery 15 BLS

BDSc Bachelor of Dental bil bilateral Science bil bilirubin BE bacillen emulsion bilat bilateral BE barium enema bili bilirubin BE base excess bin two times a night Be Ba urne bind binding BE below elbow biol biologica], biologist, Be beryll i um biology beg began, begin, beginning BIP bismuth iodoform paraffin beh behavior, behaviorism BIPP bismuth iodoform paraffin paste BEI butanol extractable iodine BIS sodium bicarbonate in invert bepti an acronym used in malaria sugar epidemiology, composed from the initial letters of the Bi sp between ischial spines fi ve important factors :· b• bionomics, e-environment, bi wk twice a week p-plasmodium, t-treatment, i-imnunity BJ biceps jerk bev billion electron volts B&J bone and joint BFP biologic false positive BK below knee BFR sol buffered Ringer's solution Bk berkelium BFT bentonite flocculation test BKA below knee amputation BG Bordet-Gengou (bacillus) b 1 b leeding BHA butylated hydroxyanisole BL blood loss BHC benzene hexachloride BL Burkitt's lymphoma BHIB beef heart infusion broth bl cult blood culture BHL biological half-life BLB Boothby, Lovelace, Bulbulian (mask) BHT butylated hydroxytoluene bleed bleeding BI base of prism in BLESS bath, laxative, enema, Bi b ismuth shampoo, and shower bib drink BLG betalactoglobin bid twice daily BLM bleomycin bihor duri ng 2 hours BLS basic life support BM 16

BM Bachelor of Medici ne BPB brompheno 1 b1 ue BM basal metabolism BPH benign prestatie hypertrophy BM basement membrane BPh British Pharmacopoeia BM bone marrow BPL betapropiolactone BM bowel movement BPRS brief psychiatric rating bm seawater scale BMA British Medical BR bathroom As soei ation BR bed rest BMC bone mineral content Br bromine BMD bone marrow depression Br Brucella BMN bone marrow necrosis Brit Britain, British BMR basal metabolic rate bronch bronchoscope, bronchoscopy BMS Bachelor of Medical Sci ence BRP bathroom privileges BMZ basement membrane zone BS bowel sounds BNDD Bureau of Narcotics and BS breath sounds Dangerous Drugs BSA body surface area BNO bladder neck obstruction BSA bovine serum albumin BO base of prism out BSB body surface burned BO body odor BSN bowel sounds normal bo bowel BSNA bowel sounds normal and B&O belladonna and opium active BOD biochemical oxygen BSO bilateral salpingo• demand oophorectomy BOEA ethyl biscoumacetate BSP bromsulphalein bol pill BSS black silk suture BP bedpan BSS buffered saline solution BP birthplace BST blood serologie test BP b lood pressure BST brief stimulus therapy bp boil ing poi nt BSV Batten-Spielmyer-Vogt (syndrome) BP British Pharmacopoeia BT bedtime 17 BX

BT bladder tumor BT body temperature BT brain tumor BTB bromthymol blue BTPS body temperature, (ambient), pressure, saturated, (with water) BTU British thermal unit BU Bodansky units Bu butyl BUN blood urea nitrogen but butter BV basilic vein BV blood volume BW biologica] warfare BW bi rth wei gh t BW blood Wassermann BW body weight BX biopsy c 18 c calorie (small) c content (of gas in blood phase) C calorie (large) C contraction C canine (tooth) C cortex C capacitance C coulomb c capacitance c curie c capillary c cycl e C ca rbohydra te C cylinder C carbon C gallon C cathode, cathodal C hundred C catholic c hundred C caucasian C ri b (cos ta) c Celsius square centimeter C centigrade c with C cerebrospinal fluid CA cancer C certified Ca cancer C cervical CA carcinoma c chest (in electrocardio• gram) Ca carcinoma c cholesterol CA cardiac arrest c clearance (in kidney Ca cathode, cathodal function tests) CA cholic acid C clonus CA chronological age C el osure ca circa (about) C coarse CA cold agglutinin C coefficient CA common antigen C color sense CA compressed air C complement CA conditioned abstinence C' complement CA coronary a rtery C'-3 component of complement in serum CA cortisone acetate c compound CA croup associated (virus) c contact 19 cec

CAB coronary artery bypass CB Bachelor of Surgery CABG coronary artery bypass CB chronic bronchitis graft CBA carcinoma bearing animal CAC cardiac accelerator center CBC complete blood count CAD coronary artery disease CBD closed bladder drainage CaEdTA edathamil calcium disodium CBD common bile duct cal ca 1iber CBF cerebral blood flow cal small calorie CBG corticosteroid binding globul in Cal large calorie CBOC completion of bed occupancy C alb albumin clearance care calc calculate, calculated CBPA competitive protein binding assay calef warmed CBR carotid bodies resected amylase clearance CBS chronic brain syndrome CAM chorioallantoic membrane CBW chemical and biological cAMP cyclic adenosine mono• warfare phosphate ce c am'plum heaping spoonful CC coefficient of correlation CAN candida ce commission certified ca ax calcium oxalate Ce concave cap ca paei ty ce coronary collateral cap capsule ce critical condition caps capsule CC current complaint cap let him take ce cubic centimeter cardiol cardiology ce (umbilical) cord compression CAT Children's Apperception Test CCA chick cell agglutination CAT chronic abdominal CCA chimpanzee coryza agent tympany CCAT conglutinating complement cath catharti c absorption test cath catheter, catheterize cec central counteradaptive changes cath cathode cccc 20 cccc Citizens' Committee for CD diagonal conjugate diameter the Conquest of Cancer of the pelvic inlet CCF cephalin cholesterol CDso median curative dose; a dose flocculation that abolishes symptoms in 50 percent of the test sub• CCF congestive cardiac jects failure 0co ţ chai n di se ase cer chronic coronary in• s uffi ci ency CDA congenital dyserythropoietic anemia CCK CDAA chlorodiallylacetamide CCK-GB cholecystokinin chol• ecys tography CDC calculated day of confinement CCK-PZ cholecystokinin pan• creozymi n CDC Center for Disease Control CCNSC Cancer Chemotherapy CDC Communicable Disease Center National Service Center CDCA chenodeoxycholic acid CCNU chloroethyl cyclohexyl nitrosourea (lomustine) CDE canine distemper encephalitis C Cr creatinine clearance CDH congenital dislocation of the ccs casualty clearing station hip CCT carotid compression tono• CDP constant distending pressure graphy CDP cytidine diphosphate cct circuit C dyn dynamic compliance CCU cardiac care unit CE California encephalitis CCU coronary care unit CE cardiac enlargement CCW counterclockwise C-E ch 1oroform-ether ccw counterclockwise CE conjugated estrogens CD cardiovascular disease CE constant error cd caudal CE continuing education CD civil defense CEA carcinoembryonic antigen cd coccygea 1 Cel Celsius (thermometric CD conjugata diagonalis scale) CD convulsive disorder cemf counter electromotive force CD Crohn's disease cent centigrade CD curative dose 21 ChE

CEP counterelectrophoresis cg centi gram ceph-floc cephalin flocculation CG chorionic gonadotropin CER conditioned emotional CG phosgene response CGD chromosomal gonadal cert certified dysgenesis CES central excitatory state CGD chronic granulomatous disease CF carbolfuchs in CGH chorionic gonadotrophin hormone CF ches t and 1eft 1eg cgm centigram CF Christmas factor CGM central gray matter (spinal CF citrovorum factor cord) cf compare CGN chronic glomerulonephritis CF complement fixation CGO chronic granulomatous disease C'F complement fixing CGP chorionic growth-hormone CF counting fingers prolactin C/F counting fingers CGS centimeter gram second CF cystic fibrosis ch chest CFA complement-fixing antibody ch chief CFA complete Freund adjuvant ch chil d CFC colony forming cell CH crown-heel (length of fetus) CFF critical fusion (flicker) frequency CHA Catholic Hospital Association CFFA cystic fibrosis factor activity ChAc choline acetyltransferase CFI chemotactic factor in• CHAMPUS Civilian Health and Medical activator Program of the Uniformed Services CFT complement fixation test chart paper CFU colony forming unit ChB Bachelor of Surgery CFU-C colony forming unit• CHB complete heart block culture CHD coronary heart disease CFU-S colony forming unit• spleen ChD Doctor of Surgery CG center of gravity ChE chol inesterase chem 22 chem chemical, chemistry Ci re circul ating CHF congestive heart failure ci re circumference ChM Mas ter of Surgery CIS carcinoma in situ CHMD clinical hyaline membrane CIS central inhibitory state disease cit citrate CHO carbohydrate CJD Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease carbohydrate ck check Cho 1 cho 1este ro 1 CK creatine kinase CHP child psychiatry el cent il i ter ch px chicken pox CL chest and left arm chr chronic Cl chloride chron chroni c Cl Clostridium CHS Chediak-Higashi syndrome CL critical list CI cardiac index elin clinic, clinical CI chemotherapeutic index CLIP cerebral lipidosis without CI coefficient of intelligence visceral involvement/with onset of disease past in• CI color index fancy Ci curie CLL chronic lymphocytic leukemia cib food CLML Current List of Medical Literature CIB HA congenital inclusion body hemolytic anemia CLO cod liver oil CIC cardiac inhibitor center Cl pal cleft palate CICU cardiac intensive care unit cm cent imeter CID cytomegalic inclusion cm 3 cubic centimeter disease cm complications CIE counterimmunoelectrophoresis cm costal margin CIEP counterimmunoelectrophoresis CM Mas ter of Surgery CIN cerebriform i ntradermal nevus Cm maximum clearance insulin clearance cm tomorrow morning CIOMS Council for International CMA Canadian Medical Organizations of Medical Association Sciences 23 Cod c mag'num tablespoon, tablespoonful CNE chronic nervous exhaustion CMB carbolic methylene blue CNM Certified Nurse-Midwife CMC carboxymethyl cellulose CNS central nervous system Ct4E cervical mediastinal CNS Clinical Nurse Specialist explorat ion cns ta be taken tomorrow CME continuing medical night educat ion CNV contingent negative c medium dessertspoon, dessert• variat ion spoonful CO carbon monoxide CMI Cornell Medical Inventory CO cardiac output c/mi n cycles per minute Co coenzyme CMIR cell mediated immune response Co cobalt CML chronic myelocytic leukemia C/0 complains of cmm cubic millimeter co compound CMO cardiac minute output co crossovers (genetic) CMP cytidine monophospate ca cutoff CMR cerebral metabolic rate carbon dioxide CMRG cerebral metabolic rate Co coenzyme I ( di ph os ph opy• of glucose ridine nucleotide) cms ta be taken tomorrow Co II coenzyme II (triphospho• morning pyridine nucleotide) cm/sec centimeters per second CoA coenzyme A cm/sec' centimeters per second coag coagulat ion per second COAP vincristine sulfate, CMT Charcot-Marie-Tooth prednisone, cytarabine, cyclophosphamide CMT Current Medical Terminology coc coccygeal CMV cytomegalovirus cochl a spoonful CN congenital cochl amp heaping spoonful CN cyanogen cochl mag tablespoonful cn tomorrow ni ght coct boil ing CNA Canadian Nurses' COD chemical oxygen demand Association Cod codeine coef 24 coef coeffi ci ent conc concentration or concentrated coeff coefficient concis cut COEPS cortical originating extrapyramidal system cond condense(d) COH ca rbohydrate cond cond it ion COHb carboxyhemoglobin conf conference COHgB carboxyhemoglobin cong congress col strain cong ga 11 on colat strained con gen congenita 1 COLO chronic obstructive lung congr congruent disease conjug conjugated or conjugation coll college cons keep co 11 eyewash const constant co11 ut mouthwash cont continue co11yr an eye wash contin continue(d) comb combinat ion cont rem let the medicine be comm committee continued commn commission, commissioner COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease commun communicable disease dis CDPP cyclophosphamide, vin• cristine, procarbazine, comp compare, comparative, and prednisone comparab le coq boil comp composition coq s a boil properly comp compound CoR congo red compd compound corr corrected compet competition cort cortex compl complete, completed cos cosine compl complication coul coulomb complic complicating, comp• lication(s) CP candle power Comt catechol-o-methyl CP capi 11 ary pressure transfera se CP cerebellopontine 25 CRAB

CP cerebral palsy CPIB chlorophenoxyisobutyrate cp chemi ca lly pure CPK creatinine phosphokinase CP ch l oropuri ne cpm counts per minute CP ch l oroqui ne and CPN chronic polyneuropathy primaqui ne CPP cyclopentenophenanthrene CP constant pressure CPR cardiac and pulmonary CP cor pulmonale rehabilitation CP creatine phosphate CPR cardiopulmonary resusci• tation CP cyclophosphami de cps counts per second para-aminohippurate clearance cps cycles per second CPAP continuous positive CPSC Consumer Product Safety ai rway pressure Commi ss ion c parvum teaspoon or teaspoonful CPT combining power test CPB cardiopulmonary bypass CPZ chlorpromazine CPB competitive protein CR chest and right arm binding CR closed reduction CPC chronic passive congestion CR elot retraction CPC clinicopathologic conference CR coefficient of fat retention CPD cephalopelvic disproportion CR colon resection CPD citrate-phosphate-dextrose CR complete remission cpd compound CR complete response CPE cytopathi c effect CR conditioned reflex CPEHS Consumer Protection and Environmental Health CR conditioned response Service Cr cranial CPH Certificate in Public Hea lth Cr creati ni ne CPHA Committee on Professional CR cresyl red and Hospital Activities CR critical ratio GPI constitutional psychopathic i nferi ori ty CR crown-rump length CPI coronary prognostic CRAB Central Registry at index Bethesda CRD 26

CRD chronic renal disease cs coronary sinus CRD complete reaction of cs corticosteroid degenerat ion CS current strength creat creatinine CS cycloserine CRF corticotropin-releasing factor C&S culture and sensitivity CRL crown-rump length CSD cat scratch disease CRM cross-reacting material CSF cerebrospinal fluid CRNA Certified Registered CSFP cerebrospinal fluid Nurse Anesthetist pressure CRO cathode ray oscilloscope CSF-WR cerebrospi na 1 fluid• l~assermann react ion CROS contralateral routing of s ignal CS! cholesterol saturation index Cr P creatinine phosphate CSLU chronic stasis leg ulcer CRP C-reactive protein CSM cerebrospinal meningitis CRPA C-reactive protein CSN carotid sinus nerve antiserum CSNS carotid sinus nerve CRS congenital rubella syndrome stimulator (stimulation) Cr Sp craniospinal CSR Cheyne-Stokes respiration CRT cathode ray tube CST convulsive shock therapy CRT complex reaction time Cst static CRTT Certified Respiratory CT circulation time Therapy Technician CT compressed tablet crys crys ta 1 CT computerized tomography CS camptothecin sodium CT connective tissue cs case CT corrective therapy cs cat s cratch ( therapis t) cs Cesarean section CTA cytoplasmic tubular aggregates CS chronic schizophrenia CTAB cetyltrimethylammonium cs el inical stage bromide cs conditioned stimulus CTBM cetyltrimethylammonium bromi de CS conjunctival secretions CTC chlortetracycline cs conscious, consciousness 27 cyl

CTF Colorado Tick Fever Cv (specific heat at) constant volume C/TG cholesterol/triglyceride ratio cv tomorrow evening CTP cytidine triphosphate cv true conjugate diameter of the pelvic inlet CTS carpal tunnel syndrome CVA cardiovascular accident CTX cyclophosphamide CVA cerebrovascular accident CTX cytotoxan CVA costovertebral angle CU el inical unit CVC crying vital capacity cu cubi c CVD cardiovascular disease cu curie CVD color vision deviant Cu curie CVO obstetric conjugate urea el earance diameter of the pelvic i nl et cu cm cubic centimeter CVP central venous pressure CUD congenital urinary tract deformi ties CVR cardiovascular renal (disease) cu ft cubic foot CVR cardiovascular respiratory cu in cubic inch CVR cerebrovascular resistance cuj of whi ch CVS cardiovascular system cuj lib of any you desire CW chemical warfare cu m cubic meter CW chest wall cum cumulative report cw clockwise cu rrm cubic millimeter cw continuous wave cu yd cubi c yard CW crutch walking CV cardiovascular CWBTS capillary whole blood cv closing volume true sugar cv coefficient of variation CWP coal workers' pneumo• coniosis cv concentrated volume (solution) cwt hundredwei ght cv conduction velocity Cx convex cv corpuscular volume cy cyanogen cv curriculum vitae cyl cyl i nder D 28 o date DAB diaminobutyric acid d date DAB dimethylaminoazobenzene D daughter DAH disordered action of the heart D day da 1 deca 1iter d day OALA delta-aminolevulinic /d daily, per day acid D dead space (gas) DAM degraded amyloid d deceased, dead, died DAM diacetylmonoxime D deciduous dAMP the 5'-phosphates of 2' deoxyribosyladenine D density DAO diamine oxidase D derma tology, derma- tologist DAP dihydroxyacetone phosphate D deuterium DASP double antibody solid phase d dextro (to the right or clockwise) DAT diet as tolerated D diameter DAT differential agglutination titer D diffusion coefficient DAT diphtheria antitoxin D diopter DAUNO Daunorubicin D dis ta 1 DB date of bi rth D diverticulum D/B date of birth D di vorced dB deci bel D dorsa 1 db deci bel d do se DBA dibenzanthracene D durat ion DBE A synthetic estrogen d gi ve DBH dopami ne ~-hydroxyl ase D right OBI development at birth D Vitamin D unit index DA delayed action DBI Trade mark for prepar- ations of phenformin DA dopamine hydrochloride D/A date of admission DBI-TD phenformin hydrochloride 29 dec dbl double DD dependent drainage DBP diastolic blood DD pressure DD diGuglielmo's disease DBP dibutylphthalate DD dry dress ing DBS Division of Biologica] Standards ODA an acetic derivation of DDT excreted in urine DC Dental Corps DDAVP desamino-0-arginine D&C dil atation and vasopressin curettage DDC diethyldithiocarbamic DC diphenylcyanarsine acid DC direct current DDD dichlorodiphenylde- chloroethane DC discharge, discharged ODE a derivative of DDT DC di sconti nue s tored in fat de discontinue DDRW distance at which a watch is heard by the DCA deoxycholate citrate agar right ear DCA desoxycorticosterone DOS diaminodiphenylsulfone a cetate DOS Doctor of Dental Surgery DCB dilutional cardiopulmonary bypass DO Se Doctor of Denta 1 Science DCc double concave DDT dichlorodiphenyltrichloro- ethane (chlorophenothane) DCF direct centrifugal flotation DDVP dichlorvos DCG desoxycorticosterone glucoside DE dose equivalent DCH delayed cutaneous DEA dehydroepiandrosterone hypersensitivity DEAE diethylaminoethanol DCI dichloroisoproterenol DEB diethylbutanediol DCP dicalcium phosphate DEB dystrophic epidermolysis DCR direct cortical re- bullosa sponse debil debil ity DCTMA desoxycorticosterone trimethylacetate dec deceased DCTPA desoxycorticosterone dec decompose, decomposed triphenylacetate dec decreased DCx double convex dec 30 dec pour off DEP diethylpropanediol de ca ten depress depressed, depression dec'd deceased dept department decel deceleration De R reaction of degeneration deci a tenth deriv derive, derivation, derivative decoct decoction derm dermatology, dermatologist decomp decompose, decomposed, decomposition DES deithylstilbestrol decr decrease de sat desaturate de cub lyi ng down dese des cent, descending (decubitus) dest distill, distilled de d from day to day in d des ti l distill, dis ti 11 ed DEF decayed, extracted det l et it be given or filled (teeth) dets l et it be given and def defecate, labe led def deficient, dev deviate, deviation deficiency DEV duck embryo vaccine def de finition devel development defic deficiency DF degree of freedom deform deformity DFDT difluorodephenyltri- deg degenerat ion chloroethane deg degrees (centrigrade) DFO desferrioxamine de gen degenerat ion DFP A gas, diisopropyl fluorophosphate deglut let it be swallowed DFT4 dialyzable free thyroxi ne del del i very dg deci gram del delusion DG diagnose, diagnosis, diagnostic Dem demerol (meperidine) dg diagnose, diagnosis, diagnostic denom denominator dGMP the 5'-phosphates of 2' dent 1et it be g iven deoxyribosylguanine dep dependent DH delayed hypersensitivity 31 dist

DH dermatitis herpetiformis diff di fferent ia l diagnosis diag DHA dehydroepiandrosterone DIFP diisopropylflurorphos- DHA dihydroxyacetone phenate DHE dihydroergotamine Dig digitalis DHEA dehydroepiandrosterone dig digitalis DHEAS dehydroepiandrosterone dil dilute, dil uted, dilution sulfate di lat dilate, dilated, dilation DHEW Department of Health, Education and Welfare dilut dil ute, di luted, dilution DHO deuterium hydrogen dim dimension oxide DIM one-half DHT dihydrotachysterol dim one-ha lf DHy Doctor of Hygiene diMP the 5'-phosphates of 2' OI deterioration index deoxyribosylhypoxanthine OI diabetes insipidus d in divide into equal parts p aeq Oi Diego blood group diopt diopter dia diathermy DIP desquamative interstitial diab diabetes, diabetic pneumonia diag diagnosis, diagnostic DIP dis ta 1 interphalangeal diag diagonal DIPC diffuse interstitial pulmonary calcification diag diagram diph diphtheria diam diameter di r direct diath diathermy dis disease ore disseminated i ntravascular coagulation disc discontinue dieb on alterna te days disch discharge, discharged alt dis loc dislocate, dislocation dieb every third day tert disp dispense, dispensary dif di fferenti al count dissem disseminate, disseminated, dissemination DIF diffuse interstitial fibrosis dist distill, distilled diff difference, different, dist disturbance differential distill 32 distill distillation IJMD Doctor of Denta 1 Medici ne dist distribute, distributed, di sti 11 ation D~1E Director of Medical Educat ion DiT di iodotyrosine DMF decayed, missing or div divergence fi 11 ed ( teeth) div divide, division DMM dimethylmyleran DJD degenerative joint DMN dimethylnitrosamine di sease DMNA dimethylnitrosamine DKS deoxyketosteroids DMO dimethyloxazolidinedione DL danger list DMP dimethylphosphate dl de cal i ter DMPA depomedroxyprogesterone dl deci 1iter acetate DL difference 1imen DMS dermatomyositis DL diffusing capacity of the DMS Director of Medical 1ung Service DL Donath-Landsteiner DMSO dimethylsulfoxide DLCO diffusing capacity of DMT dimethyltryptamine the lung for carbon monoxide DN dicrotic notch DLCO-SB single breath diffusing DNA deoxyribonucleic acid capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide DNase deoxyribonuclease DLE discoid lupus erythema- DNB dinitrobenzene tosus DNB Diplomate of the DLE disseminated lupus National Board of Medical erythematosus Examiners dm decimeter DNCB dinitrochlorobenzene OM diabetes mellitis DNE Director of Nursing Educat ion DM diastolic murmur DNFB dinitrofluorobenzene DM dopami ne DNP deoxyribonucleoprotein DM membrane diffusing capacity DNPH dinitrophenylhydrazine DMABA dimethylaminobenzaldehyde DNPM dinitrophenylmorphine DMCT demthylchlortetracycline DNR Daunorubicin (daunomy- cin, rubidomycin) 33 os

DNR do not resuscitate DPDT double pole, double throw <0/NR dextrose ta nitrogen ratia DPG diphosphoglycerate DO diamine oxidase DPH diphenylhydantoin DO Doctor of Dsteopathy DPH Diploma in Public Health DOA dead an arrival DPH Doctor of Public Health DOB date of bi rth dpm disintegrations per DOB Doctor' s order minute book DPN diphosphopyridine DDC desoxycorticosterone nucleotide dac document, documentation DPNH diphosphopyridine nucleotide (reduced) DDCA desoxycorticosterone a cetate dps disintegrations per second ODE desoxyephedrine hydro- chloride DPST double pole, single throw ODE dyspnea an exertion OPT diphtheria-pertussis- DOET dimethoxyethyl amphet- tetanus immunization amine OPTI diastolic pressure time DOPA dihydroxyphenylalanine index DO PAC dihydroxyphenylacetic DQ deterioration quotient acid DR diagnostic radiology dos dose, dosage Dr doctor doz do zen DR dorsal root DP deep dr dram DP diastolic pressure dr dressing DP disopyramide phosphate DR reaction of DP distal pancreatectomy degenerati on DP Doctor of Pharmacy DRQ dis comfort relief quotient DP dorsalis pedis (artery) os dead (air) space DP with proper direction os dehydroepiandrosterone DPA diphenylamine sulfate DPDA phosphorodiamidic os dextrose in saline anhydri de os 34

DS Down 's syndrome D&V and DSCG disodium cromoglicate DVA duration of voluntary apnea (test) DSD dry sterile dressing DVM Doctor of Veterinary DSI drug seeking index Medici ne DST dexamethasone suppression DVt1S Doctor of Veterinary test Medicine and Surgery DT de li ri um tremens DVS Doctor of Veterinary Surgery DT distance test DVS Doctor of Veterinary DT doubling time (of tumor Science size) DVT deep venous thrombosis DT duration of tetany D/W dextrose in water dtd give of such a dose D5W 5% dextrose in water DTM dermatophyte test medium DW dis ti lled water DTN diphtheria toxin, normal Dx diagnosis DTNB dithiobisnitrobenzoic DZ di zygous, dizygotic acid DTP diphtheria, tetanus, pertuss i s DTP distal tingling on DTR deep tendon reflex DTX detoxification DU diagnosis undetermined DU dog unit DU duodenal ulcer dup duplicate, duplication dur while the pain lasts do lor DV dependent variable DV dil ute vo l urne (of sol utions) dv double vibration 35 ED e electric charge EBI emetine bismuth iodine electrode potential EBP epidural blood patch e electron, or the amount EBP estradiol binding protein of charge in an electron EBV Epstein Barr virus electromotive force EC enteric coated E expired (gas) EC entrance complaint emmetropi a EC expiratory center E enzyme E/C estriol creatinine E epinephrine E-C ether-chloroform erythrocyte ECA electrocardioanalyzer E Escherichia ECC emergency cardiac care E experimenter ECC extracorporeal circulation E extinction coefficient ECF extended care facility E eye ECF extracellular fluid e from (ex) ECF-A eosinophil chemotactic El es trone factor of anaphylaxis Ez estradiol ECG electrocardiograph, elec• trocardiogram E3 estriol echo echoencephalogram EA educational age ECHO enteric cytopathogenic EA electroanesthesia human orphan (virus) EAC external auditory canal ECI extracorporeal irradiation (of blood) EACA epsilon aminocaproic acid eclec eclectic ead the same econ economic, economics EAE experimental allergic encephalomyelitis ECP external counterpulsation EAHF eczema, asthma, hay fever ECT electroconvulsive therapy

EAP epiallopregnanolone ECF!~G Educational Council for Foreign Medical Graduates Ea R reaction of degeneration ed editor EB elementary body ED effective dose EB Epstein Barr (virus) ED 36

ED emergency department EFA essential fatty acids ED erythema dose EFE endocardial fibroelastosis EDso median effective dose eff effect, effects, effective EDC estimated date of con• eff efferent finement eff efficient ED&C electrodesiccation and curettage EFP effective filtration pressure EDD end diastolic dimension EFR effective filtration EDD expected date of delivery rate edit editori a 1 eg for example EDN electrodesiccation EGC epithelioid A globoid cells EDP electronic data processing EGF epidermal growth factor EDR electrodermal response EGG electrogastrogram EDTA edetic acid EGOT erythrocyte glutamic EDTA ethylenediaminetetraacetate oxaloacetic transaminase educ education EGR erythrocyte glutathione reductase EDV end diastolic volume eH oxidation reduction EDx electrodiagnosis potential EE equine encephalitis E&H environment and heredity EE eye and ear EHBF estimated hepatic blood flow EEE eastern equine enceph• alomyelitis EHBF extrahepatic blood flow EEG electroencephalogram, EHC enterophepatic circulation electroencephalography EHDP ethane hydroxydiphosphate EEMG electromyogram EHDP disodium etidronate EEP end expiratory pressure EHF exophthalmos-hyperthyroid EENT eye, ear, nose and factor throat EHL effective half-life EESG electrospinogram EHPT Eddy hot plate test EF ejection fraction EIA exercise induced asthma EF equivalent focus EJ elbow jerk EF erythrocytic fragmentation 37 EPCG ejusd of the same emp as directed EKG electrocardiogram EMPEP erythrocyte membrane protein electrophoretic EKY electrokymogram pattern elb elbow EMS Emergency Medical Service ( Brit i sh) elec electric, electricity EMT emergency medical elix elixir technician em electromagnetic emu electromagnetic unit EM electron microscopy emul emulsion E-M Embden-r1eyerhof en enema (glycolytic pathway) enem enema EM emmetropia ENT ear, nose and throat E&M endocrine and metabolism environ environment, environ• Emb embryology menta 1 EMB eosin methylene blue enz enzyme EMC encephalomyocarditis eod every other day emer emergency EOG electrooculogram EMF electromotive force EOM extraocular movements emf electromotive force eos eosinophils EMF endomyocardial fibrosis EQ education quotient EMF erythrocyte matura ti on eq equation factor eq equivalent E~~G electromyogram equilib equilibrium EMG exophthalmos, macroglossia, gigantism equip equipment EMGN extramembranous glomer• equiv equivalent u loneph ri ti s EP erythrocyte protoporphyrin EMI electromagnetic inter• ference EPA Environmental Protection Agency EMIC emergency maternity and i nfant ca re EPC epilepsia partialis continua emot emotion, emotional EPCG endoscopic pancreato• emp a plaster cholangiography EPF 38

EPF exophthalmos producing ERG electroretinogram factor ERP endoscopic retrograde EPI epinephrine pancreatography epis episiotomy ERPF effective renal plasma flow epith epithelium ERV expiratory reserve volume EPP erythropoietic proto• porphyri a Ery Erysipelothrix EPR electrophrenic res• ES end to side (referring to piration portacaval shunt) EPS elastosis perforans es tri o 1 serpingosa Esch Escherichia EPS exophthalmos producing subs tance ESD end systolic dimension EPS extrapyramidal symptoms ESE electrostatic unit EPSP excitatory postsynaptic ESF erythropoietic stimulating potenti a1 factor EPTS existed prior to service ESG estrogen ER emergency room esp especially ER endoplasmic reticulum ESP extrasensory perception ER equivalent roentgen ESR electron spin resonance (unit) ESR erythrocyte sedimentation ER estradiol receptor rate ER external resistance ess essential, essentially ERA electric response EST electroshock therapy est estimated ERA evoked response audiometry esu electrostatic unit ERBF effective renal blood et and flow ET endotracheal ERCP endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography Et ethyl ERD evoked response detector et etiology

ERF Education and Research ET exercise treadmill Foundation (M4A) (test) erf error function et al and others 39 extrap etc et cetera (and so forth) ext extremity, extremities ETF electron transferring ext spread fl a voprotei n extrap extrapolate eth ether eti ol etiology ETOH ethyl alcohol ETR effective thyroxine ratia EUA examination under anesthetic EUCD emotionally unstable character disorder ev electron volt ev evers ion EV extravascul ar eval evaluate, evaluation evap evaporate, evaporated EW eme rge ncy ward exam examination, examiner exc excision exec executive exhib let it be given exist existing exp expi red exp exponent exper experimental expir expi ratory expn expression exptl experimenta 1 ext exterior ext external ext extract F 40

F Fahrenheit FACHA Fellow of the American College of Hospital F fa rad Administrators f fa rad FACOG Fellow of the American College of Obstetrics F father and Gynecology F fecal FACP Fellow of the American College of Physicians F fell ow FACR Fellow of the American F female College of Radiology F field (vision) FACS Fellow of the American College of Surgeons F 1• F 2• filial generations F 3· etc. FAD flavine adenine dinu- cleotide F formula, formulary Fahr Fahrenheit F fractional concentration (in dry gas phase) FAI functional aerobic impairment F French ( catheter si ze) FAMA Fellow of the American F make Medical Association FA fatty acid fam doc family doctor FA femora l a rtery FAPHA Fellow of the American Public Health Association FA field ambulance far fa rad, faradi c FA filterable agent FAR immediate good function FA filtered air followed by accelerated rejection FA fi rs t ai d fasc bundle FA fluorescent antibody FASEB Federation of American FA folie acid Societies for Experimen- tal Biology FA forearm FAT fluorescent antibody test FA fortified aqueous (solution) FB fi ngerbreadth FA Franconi anemia FB foreign body FACA Fellow of the American FBG fasting blood glucose College of Anesthes- i ol ogi sts FBS fasting blood sugar FACD Fellow of the American FC fl uorocytosine College of Oentists FCP final common pathway 41 fist

FD fatal dose volume of gas forcefully expired in one second FD fibrinogen derivative FF fat free {diet) FD focal distance FF filtration fraction FD freeze-dried FF fixing fluid FD50 median fatal dose ff fo 11 owi ng FDA Food and Drug Administration ff force fl u ids FOC Act Food, Drug and FF fos ter father Cosmetic Act FFA free fatty acid FOI Federation Dentaire Internationale (Inter• FFC free from chlorine national Dental Asso• ciation) FFD focus to film distance {x-ray) FDP fibrinogen degradation product FFT flicker fusion threshold FE fatty ester FH family hi story Fe i ron FH fetal heart feb dur while the fever lasts FH Frankfort horizontal {pl ane of ) FECG fetal electrocardiogram FHR fetal heart rate FeC1 3 ferric chloride FHS fetal FeCn ferricyanide FHT fetal heart tones FEEG fetal electroencephalogram fib fibrillation FEF forced expiratory flow FICD Fellow of the International fem female College of Dentists fem in- inner thighs FICS Fellow of the International tern College of Surgeons FEP free erythrocyte proto• FIF formaldehyde induced porphyri n fluorescence ferv boiling fi g fi gure Fe/TIBC iron saturation of FIGLU formininoglutamic acid serum transferrin filt filter FEV forced expiratory vol urne FIN fine intestinal needle fist fistula fi 42 fl flexion fort strong fl fluid found foundation FL focal length FP Federation Proceedings fla let it be done FP flavin phosphate according to the rule fp freezing point fld fluid FPM filter paper microscopic fl dr fluid dram (test) FLEX Federal Licensing fps feet per second Examination FR flocculation reaction flor flowers Fr French (catheter gauge) fl oz fluid ounce F&R force and rhythm (of fluores fluorescent, fluores• pul se) cence fract in divided doses FM flavin mononucleotide dos FM frequency modulation frag fragile fm frequency modulation FRC functional residual capaci ty fm make a mixture FRCP Fellow of the Royal FMF familial Mediterranean College of Physicians fever FRCP(C) Fellow of the Royal FMG foreign medical graduate College of Physicians of Canada FMH fat mobilizing hormone FRCPE Fellow of the Royal FML fluorometholone College of Physicians of Edinburgh FMN flavin mononucleotide FRCP Fellow of the Royal FMR Friend-Moloney-Rauscher (Glasg) College of Physicians (vi rus) and Surgeons of Glasgow FN finger to nose (coordination FRCS(C) Fellow of the Royal test) College of Surgeons of Canada fn function FRCSI Fellow of the Royal FNP Family Nurse Practitioner College of Surgeons in Ireland fn p fusion point FRCVS Fellow of the Royal College FOB fiberoptic bronchoscopy of Veterinary Surgeons fol 1eaves freq frequency FRFPSG Fellow of the Royal FTI free thyroxine index Faculty of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow ft lb foot pound Fried Friedman's (test for FTT failure to thrive pregnancy) FU fecal urobilinogen frig refrigerator Fu Finsen unit FRJM full range joint movement FU fl uorouraci 1 FROM full range of motion FU fo 11 ow- up FRS Fellow of the Royal FUDR fluorodeoxyuridine Soei ety FUO fever of undetermined FRS first rank symptoms origin (Schneider's) fu p fusion point FRS furosemide FVC forced vi ta 1 ca paei ty FS factor of safety FWR Fe 1 ix-Weil reaction FSD focus to skin distance (x-ray) Fx frac ture FSGS focal segmental glomerulosclerosis FSH follicle stimulating hormone FSP fibrin split products Ft ferritin ft foot ft make ft2 square foot ft3 cubic foot FTA fluorescent treponemal antibody FTA-ABS fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption test F-TAG fast binding target attaching globulin FTC Federal Trade Commission ft c foot candle g 44 g acceleration of gravity GC glucocorticoid g gas GC gonococcus, gonococcal

G Gc gonorrhea

G gauss GC guanine cytosine

G giga (prefix) g-cal gram calorie (small calorie) G gingival g-em gram-centimeter G good GDP guanosine diphosphate g gram, grams 2 g/d duration of use, example G Greek x 2/wk of

G Newtonian constant of GE gravitation gen general GA gastric analysis geom geometric GA general anesthesia GF glomerular filtrate GABA gamma-aminobutyric acid GF globule fibril GAD glutamic acid decarboxy- 1 ase GFR glomerular filtration rate GAG glycosaminoglycans GG gamma globulin ga 1 ga 1actose GG glyceryl guaiacolate gal gallon GGE generalized glandular gal/min gallons per minute enlargement galv galvanic GGTP gamma-glutamyl trans• peptidase gang ganglion GH growth hormone garg gargle GHRF growth hormone releasing GAS general adaptation factor syndrome GHRIF growth hormone release GB gallbladder inhibiting factor GB Guillain-Barre (syndrome) GHQ general health questionnaire GBM glomerular basement GI gastrointestinal membrane GI glomerular index GBS gallbladder series GI globin insulin GC gas chromatography GIBF gastrointestinal bacterial flora 45

GIGO garbage in, garbage out gnd ground GIP gastric inhibitory poly• G/N r glucose to nitrogen peptide ratio GIS gastrointestinal series GOE gas, oxygen, ether GITT glucose insulin tolerance GOK God only knows test GOR general operating room GIX An insecticidal compound, similar to DDT, but with GOT glutamic oxalacetic fluorine replacing chlorine transaminase in the paraphenyl position govt government gl gland, glands GP general paresis GL greatest length GP general practice GLC gas liquid chromatography GP general practitioner glc glaucoma GP group (muscle) Glob globular, globulin GP guinea pig glu glucose GPB glossopharyngeal breathing glucur glucuronide GPC gastric parietal cells glu ox glucose oxidase GPD glucose phosphate dehydro• GLV gross leukemia virus genase glyc glycerin G-6-PD glucose-6-phosphate dehydro• genase gm gram, grams GPI general paralysis of the GMC General Medical Council insane (British) GPM general preventive medicine gm cal gram calorie (small calorie) GPN Graduate Practica! Nurse GMK green monkey kidney GPT glutamic pyruvic trans• aminase gm-m gram-meter gr grain GMP guanosine monophosphate GRA Gombarts reducing agent GM&S general medical and surgical grad by degrees GMT geometric mean titer grad gradient GMW gram molecular weight grad gradually GN glomerulonephritis grad graduate GNC General Nursing Council GRAN 46

GAAN Gombarts reducing agent• GW gigawatt negative gyn gynecologic, gynecology GRAS generally recognized as safe gyro gyroscope grav pregnant GRAV Gombarts reducing agent• positive GS general surgery GSD glycogen storage disease GSE gluten sensitive enteropathy (celiac sprue) GSH reduced glutathione GSR galvanic skin response GSR generalized Schwartzman reaction GSSG oxidized glutathione GSW gunshot wound gt drop GTH gonadotropic hormone GTN glomerulotubulo- nephritis GTP guanosine triphosphate gtt drops GTT glucose tolerance test GU gastric ulcer GU genitourinary GUS genitourinary system GV gentian violet GVA general visceral afferent GVE general visceral efferent GVH graft versus host GVHR graft versus host reaction 47 hd

H height HBAb hepatitis B antibody h height HB Ag hepatitis B antigen

H henry (symbol for unit Hb A-S sickle cell trait of electrical inductance) HBD hydroxybutyrate dehydro• h high genase

H Holzknecht unit HBDH hydroxybutyrate dehydro• genase h horizontal HBF hepatic blood flow hour HBO hyperbaric oxygen H hydrogen HBP high blood pressure h hypermetropi a HbS sickle hemoglobin h hyperopia, hyperopic HBV hepatitis B virus h hy podermi c HC head compression h Planck's constant HC high calorie hydrogen ion HC home care HA headache HC hospital corps HA hemagglutination HC house call HAA hepatitis associated antigen HC hydranencepha ly HABA hydroxyazobenzene benzoic HC hydrocortisone acid HCD heavy chain disease HAE hereditary angioneurotic edema HCG human chorionic gonadotropin HAGG hyperimmune antivariola gamma globulin HCl hydrochloric acid hall uc hallucination HCN hydrocyanic acid harm harmonic b ica rbona te HASP Hospital Admission and HCP hexach 1orophene Surveillance Program het hematocrit HATG horse antihuman thymocyte globul in HCT human calcitonin HB heart block HCVD hypertensive cardiovascular d isease Hb hemoglobin hd at bedtime HB hepatitis B HD 48

HD Hansen's disease HF h igh frequency (l eprosy) HFAK hollow fiber artificial HD hearing distance kidney HD Hodgkin's disease HFUPR hourly fetal urine production rate HDC histidine decarboxylase Hg mercury HDF host defensive factor Hgb hemoglobin HDL high density lipoprotein HGF hyperglycemic glycogeno- HDLP high density lipoprotein lytic factor (glucagon) HDLW distance at which a watch HGH human growth hormone is heard by the left ear HGO hepatic glucose output HDN hemolytic disease of the newborn HGPRT hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl trans- HDRW distance at which a watch ferase is heard by the right ear HH hard of hearing HE hemoglobin electrophoresis HHb reduced hemoglobin H&E hematoxylin and eosin stai n HHD hypertensive heart disease H&E heredity and environment H&Hm compound hypermetropic HEAT human erythrocyte agglu- astigmatism tination test HHT hereditary hemorrhagic HED unit skin dose telangiectasia HEENT head, eyes, ears, nose HI hemagglutination inhibition and throat HIAA hydroxyindoleacetic acid HEK human embryonic kidney 5 HIAA 5-hydroxyindoleacetic HEL human embryonic lung acid Hem hemolysis, hemolytic HiCN cyanmethemoglobin solution He SCA Health Sciences Communica- HID headache, insomnia, tions Association depression (syndrome) HETP hexaethyltetraphosphate HIFC hog instrinsic factor concentrate HEW Health, Education and Welfare Department H inf hypodermoclysis infusion HF hard filled (capsules) HIDMT hydroxyindole-0-methyl transfera se HF heart failure HIP Health Insurance Plan HF hemorrhagic factor 49 HP

His histidine HNP herniated nucleus pulposus Hist histidinemia HO House Officer H-K hand to knee (coordination) water

HK human kidney (cells) hydrogen peroxide HL half-life head of bed HL heari ng 1oss hypertrophic obstructive ca rdi omyopa thy H&L heart and lungs hoc vesp tonight Hl hypermetropia, latent Hoff Hoffman (reflex) Hl hyperopi a, 1 atent homolat homolateral HL hypertriglyceridemia HOP high oxygen pressure HLA homologous leukocyte antibodi es hor hori zonta 1 HLI hemolysis inhibition hor at bedtime decub HLP hyperlipoproteinemia hor at the intermediate HLR heart-lung resuscitation i nterm hours HM hand movement hor som at bedtime hm hectometer hor un at the end of an hour spatio Hm manifest hypermetropia horiz horizontal HMD hyaline membrane disease hosp hospital, hospitalization HMG human menopausal gonado• tropin HOT human old tuberculin HMI healed myocardial infarction Hp haptoglobin HMO health maintenance HP high potency organizat ion HP high power HMO heart minute output HP high pressure HMP hexose monophosphate HP highly purified HMPG hydroxymethoxyphenyl• glycol H&P history and physical HN Head Nurse hp horsepower hn toni ght HP hot pack mechlorethamine (nitrogen HP hot pad mustard) HP 50

HP hydrostatic pressure HSCD Hand-Schuller-Christian disease HP hyperphoria HSP Henoch-Schonlein purpura HPA hypothalamic-pituitary• adrenal HSS Hallervorden-Spatz syndrome HPF high power field HSV herpes simplex virus HPFH hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin HSV highly selective vagotomy HPG human pituitary gonado• ht height tropin Ht hypermetropia, total HPG human pituitary gonado• trophi n Ht hyperopi a, tot a 1

HPI history of present HT hypodermic tablet i 11 ness H&T hospitalization and HPL human placental lactogen treatment HPM Harding-Passey melanoma HT hydroxytryptamine HPN hypertens ion 5HT 5-hydroxytryptamine hpn hypertension HTP hydroxytryptophan HPO high pressure oxygen HTS human thyroid stimulator HPO hyperbaric oxygen HU hydroxyurea HPPH hydroxyphenyl phen• HU hyperemi a unit ylhydantoin HUIS high-dose urea in HR heart rate invert sugar hr hour HUS hemolytic uremie syndrome HRIG human rabies immune HV high voltage globul in HV hospital visit HS heart sounds HV hyperventilation HS heme synthetase HVA homovanillic acid HS herpes simplex HVD hypertensive vascular hs hour of sleep (bedtime) disease HS house s urgeon HVE high voltage electro• phoresi s HSA Hazardous Substances Act HVH herpesvirus hominis HSA human serum albumin HVHMH herpesvirus hominis HSC Hand-Schuller-Christian membrane antigen 51 HZ

HVL half-value layer HVT half-value thickness

Hx history HXM hexamethylmelamine Hy hypermetropia hy hys teri a hyd hydration hydro hydrotherapy hyg hygiene hyp hyperresonance hyp hypertrophy hyperten hypertension hypn hypertension hypo i njecti on under skin hys hysteri a, hysterica l hys hysterectomy HZ herpes zoster 52

incisor i amniot intra-amniotical incisor (permanent) !ARC International Agency for Research on Cancer index i arter intra-arterial induction IASD interatrial septal defect i nsol ub le lAT iodine azide test i nspi red ( gas) IB inclusion body i ntake IB index of body build intensity of magnetism IBI intermittent bladder internal medicine irrigation internist ibid ibidem (in the same place) i odine IBR infectious bovine iodine rhinotracheitis optically inactive IBS i odi ne 131 IBU international benzoate unit IA immunobiologic activity ic between meals IA impedance angle IC inspiratory capacity IA intra-amniotic IC inspiratory center IA intra-arterial re intensive care IA intra-articular IC intercostal IAA indole-3-acetic acid IC interstitial cells IABC intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation IC i ntracerebra l IABP intra-aortic balloon IC i ntracutaneous pumping !CA internal carotid artery IABPA intra-aortic balloon pumping assistance i card intracardial l-Ac imidazoleacetic acid ICC intensive coronary care IAEA International Atomic ICCU intensive coronary care Energy Agency unit IAFI infantile amaurotic ICD International Classification familial idiocy of Di seases !AHA immune adherence hemag• ICD isocitric dehydrogenase glutination 53 IL

ICOH isocitric dehydrogenase IOD insulin dependent diabetes ICF intracellular fluid i derm i ntradermal ICG indocyanine green IDP inosine diphosphate ICM intercostal margin IDU iododeoxyuridine ICN intensive care nursery IEOP immunoelectro-osmophoresis ICN International Council of IF immunofluorescence Nurses IF interferon i coch i ntracochlear I F intermedia te frequency ICR distance between iliac crests IF interstitial fluid ICS intercostal space IF ICSH interstitial cell Ig immunoglobul in stimulating hormone (luteinizing hormone) iG immunoreactive human gas tri n i ct i cterus IgA immunoglobulin A iCT immunoreactive human calcitonin IgO immunoglobulin D ICT inflammation of connective IgE immunoglobulin E tissue IgG immunoglobulin G ICT insulin coma therapy IgM immunoglobulin M ict ind icterus index IH infectious hepatitis ICU intensive care unit IHD ischemie heart disease i cut intracutaneous IHF International Hospital ID i mmunodi ffus ion Federation ro immunoglobulin deficiency IHP idiopathic hypopituitarism I&O incision and drainage IHSA iodinated human serum albumin ID infective dose IHSS idiopathic hypertrophic ro insi de diameter osteoarthropathy ro i ntraderma l IIE idiopathic ineffective erythropoi esi s !050 median infective dose I IIVC infrahepatic interruption id the same of the inferior vena cava IOA iron deficiency anemia IL insensible weight loss ILA 54

ILA insulin-like activity inc i ncrease, i ncreased, increasing I-Lac imidazolelactic acid inc increment i lesion intralesional incompat incompatible IM infectious mononucleosis incompl incomplete IM internal medicine inc(r) increase (relative) IM intramedullary incur incurable IM intramuscular in d daily IMA Industrial Medical Association ind independent IMI immunologically measurable IND Investigational New insul in Drug immat immature indus t indus try, industria 1 immed immediate inf i nfant, i nfancy, infantil e i mmob i mmob il i ze inf infect, i nfected, i nfectious immunol immunological inf inferior imp impression i nf i nfi rmary i mp improved inf i nfus ion IMP incomplete male inf pour in pseudohermaphroditism infarct infarction IMP inosine monophosphate (inosinic acid) infect infection, infectious impa i r impaired, impairment inflamm inflamed, inflammation, i nfl ammatory IMR infectious mononucleosis receptors i nfo informati on IMS Indian Medical Service ing inguinal IMViC indol, methyl red, Voges• ingest ingestion Proskauer, citrate INH isoniazid (isonicotinic in i nch acid hydrazide) IN i ntranasa 1 inhal inhalation INAH isonicotinic acid inhib inhibit, inhibition, hydrazide inhibitor i ne incomplete INI intranuclear inclusion (agent) inc inconclusive 55 IR inj inject, injection IP i nterpha 1angea 1 inject injection IP i nt raperitonea 11 y inj injury, injurious IP isoelectric point inj enem give an enema !PA isopropyl alcohol in-lb inch-pound I para primi para innerv innervation IPC isopropyl chlorophenyl inoc inoculate, inoculated, !PE interstitial pulmonary inoculat ion emphysema i nsol insoluble i periton intraperitoneal i nst institute IPF infection potentiating factor ins t instrument IPH idiopathic pulmonary instill instillation hemosiderosis insuff insufficiency, in• i pleur intrapleural sufficient IPP intermittent positive i nt integra 1 pressure i nt i ntermi ttent IPPA inspection, palpation, percussion, ausculation i nt interna 1 (chest examination) int intestina] IPPB intermittent positive pressure breathing i ntes t intestinal, intestine IPPF International Planned intox i ntoxication Parenthood Federation inv inverse IPPR intermittent positive pressure respiration inv inversion IPPV intermittent positive i nvol i nvol untary pressure ventilation

!&O intake and output IPSP inhibitory postsynaptic potential ro intraocular iPTH immunoreactive parathyroid IOFB intraocular foreign hormone body IPV inactivated poliovaccine IOP i ntraocul ar pressure IQ intelligence quotient !OS International Organization for Standardization IR i nfrared IOTA information overload IR interna] resistance testing aid IRHGH 56

IRHGH immunoreactive human ITP inosine triphosphate growth hormone ITPA Illinois Test of IRI immunoreactive insulin Psycholinguistic Abilities IRO International Refugee i trach intratracheal Organizat ion ITT insulin tolerance test IRP immunoreactive proinsulin i tumor intratumoral IRP International Reference Preparat ion ITX intertriginous xanthoma IRR intrarenal reflux IU immuni zing unit IRV inspiratory reserve IU international unit volume I U i ntrauteri ne IS intercostal space IUB International Union of IS i nterspace Biochemistry IS intraventricular septum IUCD intrauterine contraceptive device ISC International Statistica] Classification !UD intrauterine contraceptive device ISC interstitial cells IUD intrauterine death ISD isosorbide dinitrate !UD intrauterine device !SF interstitial fluid IUDR iododeoxyuridine ISG immune serum globulin IUPAC International Union of ISO International Standards Pure and Applied Organizat ion Chemistry i soenz i soenzymes IV interventricular ISP distance between iliac IV i ntervertebra 1 spines iv intravenous ISR Institute of Surgical Research IV intraventricular IST insulin shock therapy IVC inferior vena cava IT i ntratheca 1 IVC inspired vital capacity

ITFS incomplete testicular IVCD intraventricular conduction feminization syndrome delay i thec i ntratheca 1 IVD intervertebral disk ITP idiopathic thrombocyto• IVGTT intravenous glucose penic purpura tolerance test 57 IZS

IVH i ntravenous hyperalimenta- tion IVP i ntravenous pyelogram IVP intraventricular pressure IVS intraventricular septum IVSD interventricular septal defect IVT isovolumic time IVU intravenous urography IWL insensible water loss IZS insulin zinc suspension J 58

J Jewish J joint J joule J Joule's equivalent J journa l J juice JAMA Journal of the American Medical Association jaund jaundice JCAH Joint Commission an Accreditation of Hospitals jet junction JG juxtaglomerular JGA juxtaglomerular apparatus JJ jaw jerk JND just noticeable difference jour journal jt joint junct junction juv juvenile 59 kwhr

K absolute zero inhibition constant

K cathode KJ knee j erk k constant KK knee kick K equilibrium constant KL bac Klebs-Loeffler bacillus K electrostatic capacity kl kiloliter K Ke 1vin KM kanamycin k kile km kilometer K potassi um Km Mi chae 1 i s constant k thousand kMc kilomegacycle OK degree Ke 1vin kMcps kilomegacycles per second (absolute temperature) KOH potassium hydroxide Ka cathode KP keratitic precipitates KA Ki ng-Arms trong (units) KRP Kolmer's test with Reiter kc kilocycle protein kcal kil oca 1ori e ( 1arge KS ketosteroid calorie) KU Kimbel unit KCl potassium chloride KUB kidney, ureter and bladder kcps kilocycles per second kv kilovolt KCS keratoconjunctivitis sicca kVA kilovolt ampere kd/sec kilocycles per second kvp kilovolt peak KE kinetic energy kw kilowatt kev kiloelectron volt kw hr kilowatt hour kg kilogram kg cal kilogram calorie (large calorie) kg-m kilogram meter KGS ketogenic steroid KHb potassium hemoglobinate KHN Koop hardness number KI Kroni g 's i sthmus KI potassium iodide L 60

L coefficient of induction lact lactate, lactating counterclockwise LAD lactic acid dehydrogenase L lactobacillus LAD left anterior descending L lambert LAD left axis deviation L Latin LAD linoleic acid depression L left LAE left atrial enlargement L l ength LAF laminar air flow L lethal LAH left anterior hemiblock L l ewi site LAO left anterior oblique L licensed LAP left atrial pressure L l ight sense lap laparotomy L liter LAP leucine aminopeptidase low, lower LAP leukocyte alkaline phos- phatase L lumbar (in vertebral formul as) LAP lyophilized anterior pituitary (tissue) pound LAR left arm recumbent LA lactic acid LAS linear alkyl sulfonate LA Latin American LASER light amplification by LA left angle stimulated emission of radiat ion LA left arm LASS labile aggregation LA l eft atrium stimulating substance LA left lat lateral LA leucine aminopeptidase lat l atit ude LA linoleic acid LATS long acting thyroid stimulator LA local anesthesia LATSP long acting thyroid LA long acting () stimulator protector L&A light and accommodation L&B left and below LAA leukocyte ascorbic acid L-B Liebermann-Burchard lab laboratory LB low back lac laceration lb pound 61 LFT

LBB left bundle branch LCS left coronary sinus LBBB 1eft bundle branch b1ock LCT 1ymphocytotoxicity test LBBsB 1eft bundle branch system LD lactic dehydrogenase block LD learning disabi1ity LBBX left breast biopsy examination LD 1etha 1 do se LBCD 1eft border cardiac LDso lethal dose, median du 11 ness LD perception of light LBD 1eft border of du1lness difference (of heart percussion) LDA left dorsoanterior LBF 1actobacillus bulgaricus factor LDH 1actic dehydrogenase LBF 1 imb b1ood f1 ow LDL low density 1ipoprotein lb-ft pound-feet, pound-foot LDP left dorsoposterior LBH 1ength, breadth, height LDS Licentiate in Dental Surgery LBM 1ean body mass LE left eye LBNP lower body negative pres sure Le Leonard (unit for cat hode rays) LBP low back pain LE 1ower extremity LBP low blood pressure LE 1 upus erythematosus LBRF louse borne relapsing fever LED lupus erythematosus disseminatus LC low calorie LES local excitatory state LCA left coronary artery LES lower esophageal sphincter LCAT lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase LF 1imit of floccu1ation LCCS low cervical cesarean LFA left frontoanterior section LFD 1east fatal dose LCh Licentiate in Surgery LFD low forceps de1ivery LCIS lobular carcinoma in situ LFP 1eft frontoposterior LCL Levinthal-Coles-Lillie (bodies) LFPS Licentiate of the Facu1ty of Physicians and Surgeons LCM 1eft costal margin LFT left frontotransverse LCM lymphocytic chorio• meningitis LFT liver function test lg 62

1 g large LLE left lower extremity LGB Landry-Guillain-Barr{ LLL 1eft 1ower 1obe syndrome LLLI Laleche League Inter• LGV lymphogranuloma venereum national

LH 1 eft hand LL~1 localized leukocyte mobil i zation LH lues hereditaria (hereditary syphilis) LLQ left lower quadrant LH luteinizing hormone LM Licentiate in Midwifery LHRF luteinizing hormone LM light microscopy releasing factor LM longitudinal muscle LHRH luteinizing hormone releasing hormone LMC lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity LHS left heart strain LMD local medical doctor lib a pound LMI leukocyte migration LICM left intercostal margin inhibition LIF left iliac fossa LML left mediolateral (episiotomy) lig ligament LMP 1 ast menstrual period LIMA left internal mammary artery L~1P left mentoposterior

1 i nim liniment LMRCP Licentiate in Midwifery of the Royal College LIP lymphoid interstitial of Phys ici ans pneumonia LMS Licentiate of Medicine liq liquid and Surgery LK left kidney LMT left mentotransverse LKS liver, kidneys, spleen LMT leukocyte migration technique LKQCP I Licentiate of the King and Queen's College of lmtd 1 imi ted Physicians of Ireland LMW low molecular weight LL lepromatous leprosy LMWD low molecular weight LLBCD left lower border of dextran cardiac dullness ln logarithm (natural) LLD lactobacillus lactis, Dorner factor (Vitamin LNC lymph node cells B12.) LNMP last normal menstrual LLD left lateral decubitus period 63 LSK

LNPF lymph node permeability LPN licensed practica] factor nurse LOA leave of absence LPS levator palpebrae superioris (muscle) LOA left occipitoanterior position LQ lower quadrant LOC level of consciousness LR latency relaxation loc cit loco citato (in the LR 1 ight reflex place cited) LRCP Licentiate of the Royal loc dol to the painful spot College of Physicians LOD line of duty LRCP&SI Licentiate of the Royal College of Physicians log 1ogarithm and Surgeons, Ireland LOM limitation of motion LRCS Licentiate of the Royal College of Surgeons LOM loss of movement LRCSE Licentiate of the Royal long longitude College of Surgeons, Edinburgh LOP leave on pass LRE leukemic reticuloendo- LOP left occipitoposterior theliosis position LRF liver residue factor LOQ 1ower o uter quadrant LS 1umbosacra 1 LOT left occipitotransverse position LSA left sacroanterior position 1ot 1ot ion LSA left subclavian artery LP latent period LSA Licentiate of Society LP light perception of Apothecaries LP 1ow pressure LSA 1ymphosarcoma LP 1umbar puncture LSB left sternal border LP lymphoid predominance LScA left scapuloanterior position L/P lactate-pyruvate ratia LScP left scapuloposterior LPA left pulmonary artery position LPF leukocytosis-promoting LSD lysergic acid diethylamide factor LSH lutein stimulating LPF low power field hormone lpm liters per minute LSK liver, spleen, kidneys LSM 64

LSM 1ysergic acid morpho1ide LVFP left ventricular filling pressure LSP 1eft sac ropos teri or position LVH left ventricular hypert rophy L-S the ratia of 1ecithin to ratio sphingomye1in in the LVIDP left ventricular initial amniotic fluid diasto1ic pressure LST left sacrotransverse LVN licensed vocationa1 nurse position LVP left ventricular pressure LSU 1ife support unit LVW 1eft ventricular wall 1t left L&W 1 iving and well 1t 1ight Lyp lymphosarcoma LT lymphocyte transformation LZM lysozyme LT lymphotoxin LTB laryngotracheobronchitis LTF lipotropic factor LTH luteotropic hormone LTP L-tryptophan LTPP lipothiamide pyrophos- phate LTT leucine tolerance test LTT lymphocyte transformation test LUE 1eft upper extremi ty LUIS low dose urea in invert sugar LUL 1eft upper 1obe LUQ l eft upper quadrant LV 1eft ventri ele LVEDP 1eft ventricular end diastolic pressure LVEDV left ventricular end diastolic volume LVET left ventricular ejection time 65 MAM

M handful m murmur

M macerate, macerated muscle

M ma le M myopia

M malignant M noon

M marri ed M thousand m mass m2. square meter

1~ massage cubic meter

M mature MA mandelic acid

M mean MA manifest achievement

M media (laboratory) MA medical abbreviation

M median MA membrane antigen

M medi ca 1 f1A menstrual age

M medium MA mental age

M membrane ma meter angle metabol ite MA Miller-Abbott (tube) meter ma milliampere m meter MAA macroaggregated albumin

M method in use at NIH MAB f1etropo 1 i tan Asyl ums Board (British) M Micrococcus MABP mean arterial blood M minim pressure m minim mac ma ce rate m minute MAC maximum allowable concen• tration M mi x MAC minimum alveolar concen• M mi xture tration

M molar MAF minimum audible field

M Monday mag 1arge m morphine MAHA microangiopathic hemolytic anemia M mother MAM milliampere minute m mucoid M +Am 66

M+Am compound myopic astig- MB methylene blue matism mb mix well man handful MBC maximum breathing capacity mand mandible, mandibular MBC minimal bactericidal manif manifest, manifested, concentration ma ni festation MBD minimal brain dysfunction manip a handful MBF myocardial blood flow manip manipulation MBP antigen prepared from man pr early in the morning melitensis, bovine, porci ne MAO maximal acid output MBP mean blood pressure MAO monoamine oxidase MBT mixed bacterial toxin MAO! monoamine oxidase inhibitor MC macroglobulinemia

MAP minimum audible pressure ~1-C Magovern-Cromie (prosthesis) i~AP monophasic action potential MC Master of Surgery MAP muscle action potential MC Medical Corps MaS milliampere second MC medullary cystic (disease) MASER microwave amplification mc megacurie by stimulated emission of radiation mc megacycle MASH Mobile Army Surgical MC metacarpal Hospital MC microcephaly mast mastectomy mc mill icurie mAST mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase MC mineralocorticoid MAT manua 1 a rts therapy MC mixed cellularity Mat maternity MC mycelial phase MAT motivation analysis MCAR mixed cell agglutination test reaction matut in the morning MCAT Medical College Admission Test max maxill ary MCB membranous cytoplasmic max maximal, maximum body MB Bachelor of Medicine MCD mean corpuscular diameter MB Marsh-Bender (factor) MCD metabolic coronary dilation 67 MEDLARS mcg mi crogram MDA motor discriminative a cui ty MCGN mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis MDA Muscular Dystrophy Association MCH mean corpuscular hemoglobin MDD mean daily dose mch millicurie hour MDF myocardial depressant factor MCHC mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration MDH malic dehydrogenase MCL midclavicular line m dict as directed MCLS mucocutaneous lymph MDP mentodextra posterior node syndrome {position) MCPH metacarpophalangeal MDR minimum daily requirement mcps megacycles per second MDS Master of Dental Surgery MCR metabolic clearance rate MDT mentodextra transverse {position) MCT mean circulation time HE medical examiner MCT medium chain triglyceride Me methyl MCT medullary carcinoma of the thyroi d ME MCV mean clinical value M:E myeloid-erythroid ratia MCV mean corpuscular volume M/E myeloid-erythroid ratia MD Doctor of Medicine MEA multiple endocrine adenomatosis MD manie depressive meas measure, measuring, MD mean deviation measured MD medical department MeB methylene blue MD mentally deficient mech mechanism md median med median MD muscular dystrophy MED median erythrocyte diameter MDA malonyldialdehyde med medical, medicine MDA manual dilation of the anus MED minimal effective dose MDA mentodextra anterior MED minimal erythema dose (pasi ti an) MEDLARS Medical Literature Analysis MDA methylenedioxyamphetamine and Retrieval System MEDPRO 68

MEDPRO Medical Education Resources mev mill ion electron volts Program M:F male-female ratio med tech medical technologist, medical technician M/F male-female ratio MEF maximal expiratory flow mf microfilaria MEFR maximum expiratory M&F mother and father flow rate MF myelin figures MEFV maximal expiratory flow vo 1urne MFB median forebrain bundle meg megacycle MFB metallic foreign body meg megaloblastic MFD minimum fatal dose MEG mercaptoethylguanidine MFG modified heat degraded gel atin MEM macrophage electrophoretic migrat ion MFP monofluorophosphate MEM minimum essential medium Mft let a mixture be made memb membrane MFT muscle function test menst menstrual, menstruate, Mg magnesium menstruating mg milligram ment mental MG myasthenia gravis MEOS microsomal ethanol oxidizing system MGF maternal grandfather MEP mean effective pressure mg/kg milligrams per kilogram MEP motor end plate MGM maternal grandmother mEq mill i equi va 1ent mgm mi 11 i gram MES morpholino-ethane• magnesium sulfate sulfonic acid MH malignant hyperthermia met metal, metallic MH marital history met methionine MH melanophore hormone metab metabolic, metabolism, metabol i tes MH menstrual history metas metastasis, metastasize, MH mental health metastasizing MHA microangiopathic hemolytic meth method anemia M et sig mix and write a label MHB maximum hospital benefit 69 MMEFR

MHb methemoglobin MKS meter kilogram second MHC multiphasic health ML Licentiate in Medicine checkup ML middle lobe MHD minimum hemolytic dose ML midline MHPG methoxyhydroxypropane ml milliliter MI mental illness ~IL A Medical Library MI mitral insufficiency Association MI myocardial infarction MLA mentolaeva anterior (position) MIC minimal inhibitory concentrat ion MLC mixed lymphocyte culture MiC minocycline MLCR mixed lymphocyte culture reaction mid middle MLD metachromatic leukodys• MID minimum infective dose trophy mid sag midsagittal MLD minimum lethal dose MIF macrophage inhibiting MLG mitochondria lipid glucogen factor MLP mentolaeva posterior MIF migration inhibitory (position) factor MLR mixed lymphocyte reaction MIFR maximal inspiratory flow rate MLS mean 1 i fespan min minimal MLT mentolaeva transverse (position) min a minim MM medial malleolus min minute mm millimeter MIO minimal identifiable odor millimole misc miscellaneous MM mucous membrane mist a mixture MM multiple myeloma MIT monoiodotyrosine mm muscles mit send MMA methylmalonic acid miu milli international unit MMEF maximal midexpiratory flow mixt mixture MMEFR maximal midexpiratory MK monkey kidney flow rate MMF 70

MMF maximal midexpiratory flow mod in the way directed praesc ~1MFR maximal midexpiratory flow rate MOF methoxyfl ura ne r~MI methimazole MOH Medical Officer of Health MMI methylmercaptoimidazole MOJAC mood, orientation, judgment, affect, content mM/1 millimols per liter moll soft mmm millimicron mol wt molecular weight MMPI Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory MOM milk of magnesia mmpp millimeters partial mon monocyte pressure mon month MMR mass miniature radiography MOPP nitrogen mustard, vincris• MMS methyl methanesulfonate tine sulfate, procarbazine, prednisone MMT manual muscle test mor dict in the manner directed r·1MTP Methadone Maintenance Treatment Program mOs milliosmole, milliosmolar mn midnight mOsm milliosmole, milliosmolar mN mi 11 i norma 1 m osmole milliosmole MNCV motor nerve conduction mp as directed velocity mp melting point MND minimum necrosing dose MP mercaptopurine MND motor neuron disease MP metacarpophalangeal MNU methylnitrosourea MP metatarsophalangeal MO Medical Officer MP mucopolysaccharide MO mineral oil 6MP mercaptopurine MO minute output (of heart) MPA medroxyprogesterone Mo month ace tate mod moderate, moderately MPC maximum permissible concentrat ion mod modified MPD maximum permissible mod modulat ion do se mod modulus MPH Master of Public Health 71 MSUD mph miles per hour MRL medical record librarian MPN most probable number mRNA messenger ribonucleic MPR mercaptopurine riboside acid MPS mucopolysaccharide MRT major role therapy MPU Medical Practitioners MS Master of Surgery Uni on (Briti sh) MS mitral stenosis MR mentally retarded MS morphine sulfate MR metabolic rate MS multiple sclerosis mr milliroentgen MS muscle strength MR mitral regurgitation MSA Medi ca 1 Servi ces MRACP Member of the Royal Association Australasian Col lege of Phys ici ans MSD mild sickle cell di sease MRC Medical Reserve Corps MSD multiple sul fatase deficiency MRCP Member of the Royal Col lege of Physicians msec millisecond MRCP Member of the Royal MSG monosodium glutamate (Glasg) College of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow MSH melanocyte stimulating hormone MRCPE Member of the Royal Col lege of Physicians MSH melanophore stimulating of Edi nburgh hormone MRCPI Member of the Royal MSL midsternal 1 ine Col lege of Physicians of Ireland MSN Master of Science in Nursing MRCS Member of the Royal Col lege of Surgeons MSRPP Multidimensional Scale for Rating Psychiatric Patients MRCSE Member of the Royal College of Surgeons mss massage of Edinburgh MST median survival time MRCSI Member of the Roya 1 Col lege of Surgeons of MSTh mesothorium Ireland MSU midstream specimen of MRCVS Member of the Roya 1 urine College of Veterinary Surgeons MSUD maple syrup urine disease MRD minimum reacting dose MSV 72

MSV Moloney sarcoma virus MWt molecular weight MSV murine sarcoma virus My myopia MSW Mas ter of Soei a 1 Work myel myel in MT empty myel myelogram MT medi ca 1 technologist myo myocardial, myocardium MT tympanic membrane MZ monozygotic (monozygous) MT6 thiomerin MTD metastatic trophoblastic disease MTR Meinicke turbidity reaction MTT mean transit time (b 1ood through heart and lungs) MTU methyl thi ouraci 1 MTV mammary tumor virus MTX methotrexate Mu Mache unit mu micron mU milliunit mu mouse unit mult multiplication multip multi para MUP motor unit potential musc muscle, muscular mv mill ivolt MV minute volume MV mitral valve MV02. myocardial oxygen demand MVV maximal voluntary ven- tilation mw mi crowave 73 nat n born NAD no apparent distress n index of refraction NAD no appreciable disease n nano- (one billionth) NADH nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (reduced form) N nasa l NADP nicotinamide adenine N negative dinucleotide phosphate

N Negro (Black) NADPH nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate N Neisseria (reduced)

N nerve NAG nonagglutinable vibrios

N neurology, neurologist NAME National Association of Medical Examiners N nonmalignant NAMH National Association of n normal Mental Health

N normal NANA N-acetylneuraminic acid nostril NAPA N-acetyl-p-aminophenol n number (size of sample) NAPCA National Air Pollution Control Administration NA Nomina Anatomica NAPNES National Association for NA noradrenaline (norepine• Practical Nurse Education phrine) and Service NA not applicable NARC National Association for Retarded Children NA not available NAS National Association of NA numeric aperture Sciences NA Nurse Anesthetist NAS no added salt NA nurses' ai de NAS/NRC National Academy of Sciences• National Research Council NA nursing assistant nat national Na sodi um nat native NAACOG Nurses Association of the American College of nat nature, natural Obstetrics and Gynecology NAC Nursing Audit Committee NACOR National Advisory Committee on Radiation NAD nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide NAD nicotinic acid dehydrogenase NB 74

NB Negri bodi es NCS noncoronary sinus NB newborn NCSH National Clearinghouse for Smoking and Health NB normoblast NCV noncholera Vibrio NBM nothing by mouth ND neutral density NBME National Board of Medical Examiners ND not dane NBO nonbed occupancy no refractive index NBS National Bureau of NOA National Dental Association Standards NOA New Drug Application NBT nitroblue tetrazolium NDCD National Drug Code ne nanocurie Directory NC no change NOGA nordihydroguaiaretic acid N/C no complaints NDM N-desmethyl-methsuximide NC noncontributory NDTI National Disease and Therapeutic Index NC Nurse Corps NDV Newcastle disease virus NCA National Council on Alcoholism NE norepinephrine NCA neurocirculatory asthenia NE not en 1 arged NCA nonspecific cross-reacting NE nursing educator antigen NEC necrotizing enterocolitis NCDC National Communicable Disease Center NEG not elsewhere classified NCHPD National Council on NED no evidence of disease Health Planning and Development NEFA nonesterified fatty acid (free fatty acid) NCHS National Center for Health Statistics neg negative NCI naphthalene creosote NEISS National Electronic Injury iodoform (powder) Surveillance System NCI National Cancer Institute neo neoarsphenamine NCME Network for Continuing nerv nervous Medical Education neural neurologic NCP National Cancer Program NF National Formulary (U.S.) NCRP National Council on Radiation Protection NF Negro female 75 NMRI

NF nonfunction NIEHS National Institute of Environmental Health NFLPN National Federation of Se i ences Licensed Practical Nurses tHGMS National Institute of NFSID National Foundation for General Medical Sciences Sudden Infant Death NIH National Institutes of NFTD normal full term delivery Health ng nanogram NIMH National Institute of Mental Hea lth NG nasogastric NINDB National Institute of NG no good Neurological Diseases and Blindness NGU nongonococcal urethritis NINDS National Institute of ammonia Neurological Diseases and Stroke ammonium NIOSH- National Institute for ammonium chloride COC Occupational Safety and Hea lth- Center for Oi sease nursing home Control NHI Na ti anal Hea 1th tHRMP National Intern and Insurance Resident Matching Program NHI National Heart Institute nit ox nitrous oxide (now National Heart and Lung Institute) NJPC National Joint Practice CoiT!1lission NHL non-Hodgkin's lymphoma NLA neuroleptanalgesia NHLI National Heart and Lung Institute NLM National Library of Medici ne NHMRC National Health and Medical Research Council i~LN National League for Nurs ing NHS National Healtn Service nm nanometer NIAID National Institute of Allergy and Infectious nM nanomolar Diseases Nt1 Neg ro ma 1e NIAMD National Institute of Arthritis and Metabolic NM neuromuscular Diseases NM nitrogen mustard NICHHD National Institute of Child Health and Human NMA National Medical Association Development I~MRI Naval Medical Research NICU neonatal intensive care Institute unit NIDR National Institute of Denta l Resea rch N:N 76

N:N azo group NPH normal pressure hydro• cephalus nn nerves NPJT nonparoxysmal AV NND neonatal death junctional tachycardia NND New and Nonofficial NPN nonprotein nitrogen Drugs NPO nothing by mouth NNE neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis npo/hs nothing by mouth at bedtime NNR New and Nonofficial Remedi es NR neutral red no number NR nonreactive ND nursing office NR nonrebreathing noe night NR normal range noct at night NRC National Research Council noct at night and in the NRC normal retinal correspondence maneq morning NREM nonrapid eye movement NOMI nonocclusive mesenteric infarction nRNA nuclear RNA non rep do not repeat NRS normal rabbit serum norm normal NS nephrotic syndrome normet normetanephrine NS nervous system NOS not otherwise specified NS neurosurgical NOTB National Opththalmic NS nodular sclerosis Treatment Board (British) NS normal saline NP neuropsychiatric NS normal serum NP nucleoplasmic index NS not stated NP nucleoprotein NSA no significant abnormality NP nursing procedure NSC not service connected NPC nasopharyngeal carcinoma NSD normal spontaneous NPC near point of convergence del i very NPD Niemann-Pick disease NSDP National Society of Denture Prosthetists NPH neutral protamine Hagedorn (insul in) nsec nanosecond NSF National Science Foundation 77 NYD

NSFTD normal spontaneous full term de li very NSILA nonsuppressible insulin- 1ike activity NSPB National Society for the Prevention of Bl indness NSR normal sinus rhythm NSS normal saline solution NSST Northwestern Syntax Screening Test NSU nonspecific urethritis NT nasotrachea l NT neutralization test NT not tested N&T nose and throat NTA Narcotics Treatment Administration NTA National Tuberculosis Association NTG nitroglycerin NTP normal temperature and pressure NTRDA National Tuberculosis and Respiratory Disease Association NTRS National Therapeutic Recreation Society NTV nervous tissue vaccine num numerator Nv naked vision N&V nausea and vomiting NVWSC nonvolatile whole smoke condensate NWB nonweight bearing NYD not yet diagnosed o 78 o eye OBS organic brain syndrome o female obst obstetric, obstetrician o in vivo physiological oc of fi ce ca 11 test OC oral contraceptive O none, negative OCA oral contraceptive o occiput, occipital agent o old occ occas iona 1 o opening occas occasional, occasionally o oral, orally occup occupation, occupational o orthopedi c OCT oral contraceptive therapy o other OCT ornithine carbamyl transferase O output OD Officer of the Day O pint OD outside diameter oxygen OD Doctor of Optometry 0 2 both eyes od every day OA occiput anterior OD optical density OA old age OD overdose OA os te o arth rit i s OD right eye OA oxalic acid ODA occipitodextra anterior OAA Old Age Assistance {position) OAA oxaloacetic acid ODP occipitodextra posterior (position) OAAD ovarian ascorbic acid depletion ODT occipitodextra transversa (position) OALF organic acid labile fl uori de O&E observation and examination OASI Old Age and Survivors 0/E ratio of observed to Ins urance expected OB obstetric, obstetrician OF occipitofrontal OBG obstetrics and gynecology off official OB-GYN obstetrics and gynecology OGA orogastric aspirate obl oblique OGTT oral glucose tolerance test 79 ord oh every hour OM otitis media OH hydroxy omn bih every two hours OHC outer hair cell omn hor every hour OHCS hydroxycorticosteroid omn noct every night OD occupat iona 1 disease OMPA octamethyl pyrophosphoramide OD open drop om quad every quarter hour (anesthesia) hor OHD organic heart disease on every night OHFA hydroxy fatty acids OOB out of bed OHI ocular hypertension OP occipitoparietal indicator OP occiput posterior ohm-cm ohm-centimeter OP opening pressure OHP hydroxypyro 1i ne OP operative procedure OI opsonic index op operation, operative OIH orthoiodohippurate OP osmotic pressure oint ointment OP outpatient OJ orange j ui ce O&P ova and parasites OK all right, approved, correct OPC outpatient clinic OKN optokinetic nystagmus OPD optical path difference OL left eye OPD outpatient department 01 oil Oph ophthalmology OLA occipitolaeva anterior Ophth ophthalmology (position) opt optimal ol oliv ol ive oil OPT out pati ent OLP occipitolaeva posterior (position) opth ophthalmology OLT occipitolaeva transversa OPV oral poliovaccine (position) OR operat ing ro om om every morni ng OR oxidation reduction OM occipitomental (diameter of head) ord orderly OM Occupational Medicine ord ordinate ORen 80

ORen oil retention enema ov ovum, egg ORIF open reduction with OV obvious internal fixation 0/W oil in water ORS orthopedic surgery OW out of wedlock ORT operating room technician oz ounce ortho orthopedics os 1eft eye os mouth osc oscill a te OSHA Occupational Safety and Health Administration osmol osmole OST Office of Science and Technology osteo os teomye 1iti s OT occupational therapist, occupational therapy OT objective test OT old terminology OT old tuberculin OT orotrachea 1 OT oto 1aryngo 1ogy, otolaryngologist OTA Office of Technology Assessment OTC ornithine transcarbamy- 1ase OTC over the counter OTD organ tolerance dese oto otol o tol ogy, otologist ou both eyes together ou each eye 81 PAM p after PA phosphoargenine by weight PA physician's assistant p handful PA posterioanterior p mean pressure (gas) PA proca i nami de p ne ar PA prolonged action ( drugs) para PA psychoanalyst, psycho- analysis pl parental generat ion PA pulmonary artery p partial pressure, expressed in millimeters of mercury PAB paraaminobenzoi c acid p pharmacopeia PAB premature atrial beats p pilenolphthalein PABA pa raami nobenzo i c acid p pico PAC phenacetin, aspirin, caffei ne plasma PAC premature auricular pole contract ion population PAD phenacetin, asp1r1n, desoxyephedrine position PAOP pulmonary artery diastolic p posterior pressure postpartum p ae in equal parts pres!Jyopia PAEDP pulmonary artery end diastolic pressure p pressure PAF pulmonary arteriovenous p probabil i ty fistula protein PAH paraaminohippuric acid p psychiatry, psychiatrist PAHO Pan American Health Organization p2. pulmonary second sound PAL posterior axillary line p pul se PALS periarteriolar lymphocyte p pup il sheaths PA paralysis agitans PA-LS-ID pernicious anemia-like syndrome and immunoglobulin PA pathology deficiency P&A percussion and auscultation PAM crystalline penicillin G in aluminum monostearate PA pernicious anemia PAM 82

PAl~ phenylalanine mustard PAT paroxysmal atrial tachycardia PAN peroxyacetyl nitrate path pathology, pathologist PAN polyarteritis nodosa PB Paul-Bunnell pancreat pancreatic (antibodies, test) Pap Papanicolaou (stain, PB peripheral blood smear, test) PB Pharmacopoeia Britannica PAP primary atypical pneumonia PB phonetically balanced PAP pulmonary alveolar Pb presbyopia proteinosis PB pressure breathing par parallel PBC point of basal convergence PAR postanesthesia room PBE a form of tuberculin par aff part a ffected prepared from a culture of bacilli of bovine para number of pregnancies tuberculosis I-para primipara (first PBI protein bound iodine pregnancy) PBL peripheral blood II-para secundipara (second lymphocytes pregnancy) PBP porphyrin biosynthetic III-para tertipara (third pathway pregnancy) PBS phosphate buffered saline paradox paradoxical PBV pulmonary blood volume part aeq equal parts PBZ Pyribenzamine part vie in divided doses PC parent to child PAS paraaminosalicylic acid pc percent PAS periodic acid Schiff (method, stain, technique, PC phosphocreatine test) pc picocurie PAS professional activity study PC pneumotoxic center PASA paraaminosalicylic PC avoirdupois weight acid pc after meals PAS-C paraaminosalicylic acid crystallized with PCA passive cutaneous ascorbic acid anaphylaxi s Past Pasteurella Pcb near point of convergence to the intercentral base line 83 PEF

PCc periscopic concave PD pressor dose PCF prothrombin conversion pd prism diopter factor PD pulmonary disease PCG phonocardiogram pd pupillary distance PCH paroxysmal cold hemo- globinuria PDA patent ductus arteriosus PC! pneumatosis cystoides PDA pediatric allergy i ntesti norum PDB paradichlorobenzene PCK polycystic kidney disease PDC pediatric cardiology PCM protein calorie PDE paroxysmal dyspnea on mal nutriti on exertion pC02 partial pressure PDLL poorly differentiated of carbon dioxide lymphocytic lymphoma PCP peri phera l coronary POR Physicians Des k Reference pressure (book) pept perception pdr powder pcs preconsci ous POS pain dysfunction syndrome PCT porcine calcitonin PDT patent ductus arteriosus PCT porphyria cutanea POT phenyldimethyltriazine tarda Pe perylene p cut percutaneous PE pharyngoesophageal PCV packed cell volume PE PCV vagotomy Pe pressure on expiration PCW pulmonary capillary wedge PE probab le error PCx periscopic convex PE pulmonary embolism PD Doctor of Pharmacy PEC peritoneal exudate cells PD interpupillary distance Pecho prostatic echogram PDso median paralysis PED pediatri cs, pediatrician pd papilla diameter Peds pediatri cs PD parkinsonism dementia PEEP positive end expiratory PD pediatri cs pressure PD potential difference PEF peak expiratory flow PEFR 84

PEFR peak expiratory flow PFO patent foramen ovale rate PFR peak flow rate PEFV partial expiratory flow volume PFU plaque forming unit PEG polyethylene glycol PG Pharmacopoeia Germani ca PEG pneumoencephalography pg picogram PEM protein energy malnutrition PG plasma gastrin pen penicill in PG postgraduate Pent pentothal Pg pregnant PEP phosphoenol pyruvate PGA pteroyl gl utami c acid PEP pre-ejection period PG-AC phenylglycine acid chloride per periodic 2-PG 2-phosphoglycerate per through, by 3-PG 3-phosphoglycerate perim perimeter PG prostaglandin periph peri phera 1 PGA pteroylglutamic acid PERLA pupils equal, react to light and accommodation PGH pituitary gonadotropin PERRLA pupils equal, round, PGO pontogeniculo-occipital regular, react to light and accommodation PGR psychogalvanic response PERT Program Evaluation pH symbol commonly used in Review Technique expressing hydrogen ion concentration, the measure PET preeclamptic toxemia of alkalinity and acidity PETN pentaerythritol tet- PH past history ranitrate PH personal history pev peak electron volts Ph pharmacopeia Pf permeability factor ph phase PF platelet factor Ph phenanthrene pf power factor PHA passive hemagglutination PFC plaque forming cells PHA phytohemagglutinin PFG peak flow gauge phar pharmacy, pharmaceutical, PFK phosphofructokinase pharmacopeia PFM peak flow meter Phar B Bachelor of Pharmacy 85 PMA

Phar C Phannaceutical Chemist PIFR peak inspiratory flow rate Phar D Doctor of Pharmacy PIGPA pyruvate, inosine, glucose Phar G Graduate in Pharmacy phosphate, adenine Phar M Mas ter of Pharmacy pil pill phann pharmacy, pharmaceutical, PIP proxima] i nterphal angeal pharmacopei a pit pituitary phannacol phannacological PITR plasma iron turnover rate Ph B British Phannacopoeia PIVKA protein in Vitamin K PHC posthospital care absence PhD Doctor of Philosophy pK dissociation constant PHE periodic hea lth PK Prausnitz-KUstner examinat ion (reaction) PhG Graduate in Pharmacy PK psychokinesis PHN Public Health Nurse PKF phagocytosis and killing function phos phosphatase PKU phenylketonuria phos phosphate PL light perception PHS Public Hea lth Servi ce PLDH plasma lactic dehydro• phy phytohemagglutinin genase phys phys i cal PM afternoon phys physician PM peritoneal macrophages physio physiological PM physical medicine PI pressure on inspiration PM pneumomediastinum Pi protease inhibitor PM postmortem orthophosphate PM presystolic murmur PID pelvic inflammatory pm picometer disease pM picomolar PIE pulmonary infiltration and eosinophilia PMA paramethoxyamphetamine PIE pulmonary interstitial PMA An expression of the emphysema prevalence of gingivitis in large groups of persons PIF peak inspiratory flow PMA Pharmaceutical Manufac• PIF prolactin inhibiting turers Association factor PMA 86

PMA progressive muscular PND paroxysmal nocturnal atrophy dyspnea PMB polymorphonuclear basophil PND postnasal drip 1eukocytes PNH paroxysmal nocturnal PMB postmenopausal bleeding hemoglobinuria PME polymorphonuclear eosinophil PNP paranitrophenol 1eukocytes PNP Pediatric Nurse PMH past Practitioner PMI point of maximum impulse PNPR positive-negative pressure respiration PMI point of maximum intensity PNRP Philadelphia Pulmonary PMK primary rhesus monkey Neoplasm Research Project kidney PNS peripheral nervous system PML progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy Pnx pneumothorax PMLE polymorphous light eruption PO by mouth, orally PMN polymorphonuclear neutrophil PO parieto-occipital 1eukocytes PO phone order PMP previous menstrual period PO postoperative PMR physical medicine and rehabil itation PO predominating organism PMS poor miserable saul partial pressure of oxygen PMS pregnant mare serum pO.ţ. phosphate PMSG pregnant mare serum gonadotropin POB penicillin in oil and beeswax PMT premenstrual tension pocul cup pMVL posterior mitral valve leaflet POD postoperative day PN percussion note Pod D Doctor of Podiatry PN peripheral neuropathy POF pyruvate oxidation factor PN practical nurse pois poison P&N psychiatry and neurology polio pol iomyel itis PN psychoneuro l ogy POLY polymorphonuclear l eukocyte PNA pentosenucleic acid POMP 6-mercaptopurine, vincris• PNC peripheral nucleated cell tine, methotrexate, pred• nisone 87 PQ

POMR Problem Oriented Medical PPC progressive patient Records care POP plasma osmotic pressure PPCF plasma prothrombin conversion factor pop popliteal (artery) PPD purified protein deri• POPOP l, 4-bis [2-(5-phen• vative (tuberculin) yloxazolyl }Jbenzene PPD-B purified protein derivative• pos position Battey pos positive PPD-S purified protein derivative• standard POSC Problem Oriented System of Charting PPF pellagra preventive factor (niacinamide) poss possible ppg picopicogram post posterior PPH postpartum hemorrhage post postmortem PPI Plan-Position-Indication postop pos topera ti ve PP pyrophosphate pot potassium PPLO pleuropneumonia-like pot pot ion organism poten potential ppm parts per million pp after shaking PPMM postpolycythemia myeloid metaplasia PP near point of accommodation PPO 2, 5-dephenyloxazole PP pellagra preventive PPO pleuropneumonia organism pp polyphosphate PPP pentose phosphate pathway PP postpartum PPR Price precipitation pp postprandia l reaction pp protoporphyri n PPSH pseudovaginal peritoneo• scrotal hypospadias PP pulse pressure ppt precipitate P&P prothrombin and proconvertin ppt prepared pyrophosphate pptd precipitated ppa shake we ll pptn precipitation ppb parts per billion PPVT Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test PPBS postprandial blood sugar PQ permeability quotient PQ 88

PQ Physicians questionnaire progn prognosis PR far point of accommodation prof professor PR partial remission PROM prolonged rupture of membranes PR partial response prostat prostatic PR peripheral resistance prot protei n Pr presbyopia Prot Protestant Pr prism prox proximal PR public relations PRP platelet rich plasma PR pul se rate PRP pressure rate product pr by rectum PRPP phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate PRA plasma renin activity PRT ase phosphoribosyltransferase PRC plasma renin concentration PRU peripheral resistance PRD partial reaction of unit degenerat ion PS chloropicrin PRE progressive resistive exercise PS paradoxical sleep preei p precipitation PS pathological stage preg pregnancy, pregnant ps per second pregn pregnancy, pregnant PS physical status preop preoperative PS plastic surgery prep preparat ion Ps prescription Pres president PS pulmonary stenosis PRF progressive renal failure PS pyloric stenosis PRFA plasma recognition factor PSC posterior subcapsular activity cataract primi p primi para PSH postspinal headache prn whenever necessary PSI posterior sagittal index prob probable psi pounds per square inch proc procedure PSL potassium, sodium chloride, sodium lactate (solution) prod produce, produced PSLT Picture Story Language prog prognos i s Test 89 PUO

PSMA progressive spinal PTB patellar tendon bearing muscular atrophy PTC percutaneous transhepatic PSP phenolsulfonphthalein chol angi ography PSP progressive supranuclear PTC phenylthiocarbamide palsy PTC plasma thromboplastin PSRO Professional Standards component Review Organization PTC pseudotumor cerebri PSS progressive systemic sclerosis (scleroderma) PTD permanent and total dis abil ity PSS physiological saline sol ution PTE parathyroid extract PST pancreatic suppression PTE pulmonary thromboembolism test PTF plasma thromboplastin factor PSW psychiatric social worker PTH parathyroid hormone psy psychiatry, psychology PTS painful tonic seizure psych psychiatry, psychology pts patients Pt part (in citation) PTT partial thromboplastin time pt patient PTT prothrombin time PT physical therapy, physical therapist PTU propylthiouracil pt pint PTX pneumothorax pt point PU peptic ulcer PT posterior tibial (artery) PU pregnancy uri ne PT prothrombin time PuD pulmonary disease PTA peroxidase labeled PUFA polyunsaturated fatty antibodies (test) acid PTA plasma thromboplastin pul pulmonary antecendent pulm pulmonary PTA post-traumatic amnesia pulm gruel PTA prior to admission pulv powder P- TAG target attaching globulin precursor PUN plasma urea nitrogen PTAP a purified diphtheria toxoid PUO pyrexia of unknown precipitated by aluminum ori gi n phosphate PUVD 90

PUVD pulsed ultrasonic (blood) PZ pregnancy zone protein velocity detector PZA pyrazinamide PV peripheral vascular PZI protamine zinc insulin PV plasma volume PV portal vein PVA polyvinyl alcohol PVB premature ventricular beats PVC polyvinyl chloride PVC premature ventricular contract ion PVD peripheral vascular disease PVE premature ventricular ext rasys to 1e PVM pneumonia virus of mi ce PVP polyvinylpyrrolidone PVP- I povidone-iodine PVR pulmonary vascular resistance PVT paroxysmal ventricular tachycardi a pvt priva te P-W Prader-Willi (syndrome) PWB partial weight bearing PWC physical work capacity PWLV posterior wa 11 of 1eft ventricle PX physical examination Px pneumothorax Px prognosis PXE pseudoxanthoma elasticum Py pyrene 91 qv

Q coulomb qqh every four hours Q electric quantity qq hor every hour q every (e.g. in dosage qs as much as required regimen q 8 hr.) q s ad to a sufficient quantity q faur q suff as much as suffices Q perfusion qt quart Q quantity qt quiet Q volume (of blood) quad quadrant qam every morni ng quant quantitative QAP quinine, atabrine, plas- moquine (treatment) quat faur Qc pulmonary capillary blood quinq fi ve flow qui nt fifth QC qua l ity control quot daily qd every day quot quoti ent qh every hour quotid daily q 2 h every 2 hours qv as much as you l ike q 3 h every 3 hours qv which see (reference in q 4 h every 4 hours l iterature) qid four times a day ql as much as desired qm every morning QNS quantity not sufficient QNS Queen's Nursing Sister (British) QOz. oxygen quotient qod every other day qp at wi 11 QP quanti-Pirquet reaction qpm every night qq each R 92

R far, remote rad ionizing radiation unit

,R indicates number in rad radian reference file rad radiation absorbed dose R organic radical (in chemical formulas) RAD right axis deviation R radiology, radiologist rad root R rectal RAH right anterior hemiblock

R regression coefficient RAHTG rabbit antihuman thymocyte globul in R resistance RAI radioactive iodine R respiration RAIU radioactive iodine uptake R respiratory exchange ratio RAMC Royal Army Medical Corps R response RAD right anterior oblique

R review RAR right arm recumbent

R Rickettsia RAS reticular activating system R ri ght ras scrapings R Rinne's test (hearing) RAw ai rway res i stance -R Rinne's test negative RBA relative binding activity +R Rinne's test positive RBB right bundle branch r roentgen (former symbol, now officially replaced RBBB right bundle branch block by R) RBBsB right bundle branch R roentgen system block

R rough colony (of bacteria) RBBX right breast biopsy examinat ion R reticulocyte RBC red blood cell Ra radium RBC red blood count RA renin activity RBC-ADA red blood cell adenosine RA repeat action (drugs) deaminase RA residual air RBD right border of dullness RA rheumatoid arthritis RBE relative biological effectiveness RA right arm RBF renal blood flow RA right atrium RA right auricle 93 rep

RC red cell ROP right dorsoposterior RC respiration ceases ROS respiratory distress syndrome RC respiratory center ROS reticuloendothelial RC Roman Catholic depressing substance RCA red blood cell ag• ROT regular dialysis glutination treatment RCA right coronary artery re concern ing rCBF regional cerebral blood RE radium emanation flow RE regional enteritis RCD relative cardiac dullness RE reticuloendothelial RCF red cell folate RE right eye RCF relative centrifugal force re act reaction RCM red ce 11 mass rec fresh RCM right costal margin REC radioelectrocomplexing RCOG Royal College of recip recipient Obstetricians and Gynaecologists recip reciprocal RCP Royal College of rect rectified Physicians red reduce, reducing, reduction RCS reticulum cell sarcoma REEGT Registered Electroencephal• RCS right coronary sinus ographic Technicians RCS Royal College of Surgeons ref refer, referred, reference RO Raynaud's disease ref doc referring doctor RO reaction of degeneration REG radioencephalogram R&O research and development reg region RO respiratory disease reg umb umbilical region RD retinal detachment rehab rehabilitation rd rutherford (unit of radio• rel related, relative activity) REM rapid eye movement RDA recommended dietary allowance rem roentgen equivalent man ROA right dorsoanterior rep 1et it be repeated ROE receptor destroying enzyme REP 94

REP retrograde pyelogram RHD rheumatic heart disease REP roentgen equivalent rheum rheumatic, rheumatism, physical rheumatoid rept repeat RHF right heart failure res research rhm roentgen (per) hour (at one) meter res residue RI refractive index RES reticuloendothelial system RI respiratory illness resp respective, respectively RIA radioimmunoassay resp respiration, respiratory RIC Royal Institute of Chemistry retic reticulocyte RICM right intercostal margin rev/min revolutions per minute RICU respiratory intensive rf radiofrequency care unit RF Reitland-Franklin (unit) RIF right iliac fossa RF relative flow (rate) RIHSA radioactive iodinate human serum albumin RF rheumatic fever RIMA right internal mammary RF rheumatoid factor artery retardation factor RIPH Royal Institute of Public Health RFA right frontoanterior RIPHH Royal Institute of RFL right frontolateral Public Health and Hygiene RFN Registered Fever Nurse RISA radioiodinated serum albumin RFP right frontoposterior RIVS ruptured interventricular RFR re frac ti on septum RFT right frontotransverse RKY roentgen kymography RGE relative gas expansion R-L right to left RH relative humidity right to left Rh Rhesus (blood factor) RLBCD right lower border of cardiac dullness RH right hand RLE right lower extremity RHC respirations have ceased RHD relative hepatic dullness 95 RR

RLF retrolental fibroplasia RNV radionuclide venography RLL right lower labe R/0 rule out RLQ right lower quadrant ROA right occipitoanterior position RLV Rauscher leukemia virus ROM range of motion RM respiratory movement ROP right occipitoposterior RMA right mentoanterior pasit ion RMD retromanubrial dullness ROS RMK rhesus monkey kidney ROT remedial occupational therapy RML right mediolateral (episiotomy) ROT right occipitotransverse pasit ion RML right middle labe rot rotate, rotated, rotation, RMN Registered Mental Nurse ratat ing (England and Wales) RPA right pulmonary artery RMO Regional Medical Officer (British) RPCF Reiter protein complement fixation (test) RMP Regional Medical Program RPF renal plasma flow RMP right mentoposterior RPGN rapidly progressive RMPS Regional Medical Programs glomerulonephritis Servi ce RPHA reverse passive hemagglutin• RMS root mean square ation RMSF Rocky Mountain spotted rpm revolutions per minute fever RPR rapid plasma reagent RMT right mentotransverse (test) RMV respiratory minute volume RPS renal pressor substance RN Regi stered Nurse rps revolutions per second RNA ribonucleic acid RQ recovery quotient RNase ribonuclease RQ respiratory quotient RNMS Registered Nurse for the RR radiation response Mentally Subnormal R&R rate and rhythm (of RNP Registered Nurse Practitioner pul se) RNP ribonucleoprotein RR recovery room RNS reference normal serum RR RRE 96

RRE radiation related rt right eosinophilia RTA renal tubular acidosis RR&E round, regular and equal (pupils) RTC return to clinic RRL Registered Record Librarian RTech radiology technologist, technician rRNA ribosomal RNA RTF resistance transfer RRP relative refractory period factor RRR regular rate and rhythm RTF respiratory tract fluid (heart) rtn return RS respiratory system RU rat unit RS review of symptoms rub red R-S reticulated siderocytes RUE right upper extremity RSA right sacroanterior position RUL ri ght upper 1obe RScA right scapuloanterior RUQ right upper quadrant position RURTI recurrent upper respiratory RSCN Registered Sick Children's tract infection Nurse RV residual volume RScP right scapuloposterior position RV retroversion R-SICU respiratory-surgical RV right ventricle intensive care unit RVD relative vertebral density RSP right sacroposterior position RVDO right ventricular diastolic overload RSR regular sinus rhythm RVEDP right ventricular end RST radiosensitivity test diastolic pressure RST right sacrotransverse RVEDV right ventricular end position diastolic volume RSV respiratory syncytial RVH right ventricular hyper• virus trophy RT radi otherapy RVO relaxed vaginal outlet RT reaction time RVV rubella vaccine like virus RT reading test Rx prescription RT recreational therapy Rx take RT registered technician Rx treatment RT respiratory therapy 97 se s half SACD subacute combined de• generati on S left SAD Self Assessment Depression s mark Scale s percentage of saturation SAD sugar, acetone, diacetic (of Hgb with 02 or C02 ) acid (test) s sacral (in vertebral SAFA soluble antigen fluorescent formulas) antibody s second SAH subarachnoid hemorrhage s sedimentation coefficient Sal sa lmone 11 a s sensation sanit sanitary, sanitation s sensitive SAP serum alkaline phosphatase s serum SAPD self administration of psychotropic drugs S siderocyte sap saponify, saponification S single sapon saponify, saponification S smooth colony sat saturate, saturated S soluble SAT Scholastic Aptitude Test s spherical (lens) satis satisfactory S stimulus SB sideroblast S subject SB sinus bradycardia S supravergence SB spina bifida S surgery, surgeon, surgical SB Stanford-Binet (test) s Svedberg unit of sedimen• tation coefficient SB sti ll born without SBE subacute bacterial endocarditis S-A sinoatrial SBN 2 single breath nitrogen S-A sinoauricular SBP systolic blood pressure SA specific activity SBTI soy bean trypsin inhibitor SA Stokes-Adams (disease) se closure of semilunar SA surface area valves SA sustained action se service connected sacc cog wheel (respiration) se sickle cell se 98

se stimulus, conditioned SeT staphylococcal clumping test se subcorneal SCUBA self-contained underwater se subcutaneous, sub- breathing apparatus cutaneously SCV smooth capsulated, se sugar coated virulent (with reference to bacteria) SCAT sheep cell agglutination test SD skin dose SCAT sickle cell anemia test SD standard deviation SeD Doctor of Sci ence SD s treptodornase SeD service connected SD sudden death di sabil i ty SDA sacrodextra anterior SeD A scapulodextra anterior pos iti on position SDA specific dynamic action ScOP scapulodextra posterior position SDA succinic dehydrogenase ac ti vity SCG sodium cromoglycate SDH sorbitol dehydrogenase sched schedule SDH succinate dehydrogenase sci science, scientific sdm standard deviation of the SCID severe combined immuno- mean deficiency disease SDP sacrodextra posterior SCL serum copper level position SeLA scapulolaeva anterior SOT sacrodextra transversa position position ScLP scapulolaeva posterior SE saline enema position SE spherical equivalent SCM State Certified Midwife SE standard error (of the scop scopolamine mean) SeP single celled protein S-E Starr-Edwards (prosthesis) SCPK serum creatine phospho- SEA spontaneous electrica] ki nase activity (physiology) SCRAP simple complex reaction sec second time apparatus sec secondary SCT salmon calcitonin SEC soft elastic capsules SeT sickle cell trait sect section 99 SIADH

SED skin erythema dose SFP spinal fluid pressure sed stool SFR screen filtration resistance seg segment, segmented SG specific gravity SEG sonoencephalogram SG Surgeon General SEM scanning electron microscopy SGa specific conductance sem standard error (of the mean) SGaw specific airway con• ductance SEM systolic ejection murmur SGO Surgeon General's Office semih hal f an hour SGOT serum glutamic oxaloacetic sens sensitivity transaminase SENTAC Society for Ear, Nose SGPT serum glutamic pyruvic and Throat Advances in transaminase Children SH serum hepatitis SEP sensory evoked potential Sh shigella seq that which follows Sh short seq luce the following day sh shoulder ser series SH social history SER somatosensory evoked responses SH somatotrophic (growth) hormone serv keep, preserve SH sulfhydryl sev severe SHBD serum hydroxybutyrate sev severed dehydrogenase SeX O serum xanthine oxidase SHCC Statewide Health Coor• dinating Council SF scarl et fever SHPDA State Health Planning and SF slow initial function Development Agency SF spinal fluid SI sacroi 1 i ac Sf Svedberg flotation SI saturation index uni ts SI seriously ill SF synovial fluid SI serum iron SFA serum folate SI soluble insulin SFC spinal fluid count SIADH inappropriate secretion SFP screen filtration pressure of antidiuretic hormone SIDS 100

SIDS sudden infant death SLT sacrolaeva transversa syndrome position sig let it be labeled sm small SIG sigmoidoscope, sig• SM s treptomyci n moidoscopy S~1 systolic murmer sig signal SMA sequential multiple sig si gn i fi cant analyzer Sig surface immunoglobulin SMA smooth muscle antibodies sig n label with the proper SMA superior mesentery artery pro name SMD submanubrial dullness SIJ sacroiliac joint SMO Medical Officer of s imul simultaneously Schools sin sine (without) SMO Senior Medical Officer ( Navy) sing of each SMON subacute myelo-optic si op i f it i s necessary neuropathy sit SMR somnolent metabolic SIW self-inflicted wound rate S-J Stevens-Johnson syndrome SMR standardized mortality ratio SK streptokinase SMR submucous resection SKSD streptokinase-strepto• dornase SMZ sulfamethoxazole sl slight SN serum neutralizing SLA sacrolaeva anterior SN student nurse position SN schoo 1 of n ursi ng SLA slide latex agglutination SI1DO Standard Nomenclature SLD serum lactic dehydrogenase of Diseases and Operations SLE St. Louis encephalitis SNE subacute necrotizing encephalomyopathy SLE systemic lupus erythe• matosus SNS sympathetic nervous system SLO streptolysin-0 SO salpingo-oophorectomy SLP sacrolaeva posterior position SOAP subjective and objective observations, assessment SLR straight leg raising of patient response, plan of acti on 101 SR

SOAPS suction, oxygen, apparatus, spec specimen pharmaceuticals, saline (a mnemonic device for SPF specific pathogen anesthetists to confirm free presence of necessary equipment) sp gr specific gravity SOB silort of breath sph spherical, spherical lens SOB suboccipitobregmatic SPI serum precipitable soc soei ety iodine sol solution spkr speaker soln solution SPMA spinal progressive muscular atrophy solu solute SPN student practical nurse SOP standard operating procedure spont spontaneous (delivery) s op s i f it i s necessary SPP suprapubic prostatectomy S-0-R stimulus-organism• SPPS stable plasma protein response solution sos if it is necessary SPS systemic progressive sclerosis SOTT synthetic medium old tuberculin trichloracetic SPST single pole, single throw acid precipitated sq square Sp sacropubic SQ subcutaneous sp space sq cm square centimeter sp species sq ft square foot sp specific sq in square inch sp spine, spinal sq m square meter sp spirit (alcohol) SR sarcoplasmic reticulum SP systolic pressure SR secretion rate SPBI serum protein-bound i odine SR sedimentation rate SPCA serum prothrombin conversion SR sensitization response accelerator (blood coagul• ation factor VII) SR sinus rhythm SPD salmon poisoning disease SR stimulus response SPDT single pole, double throw SR rumble SR 102

SR sys tem re vi ew sss layer upon layer SRBC sheep red blood cells sss specific soluble sub- stance SRCA specific red cell adherence sss sterile saline soak SRFC sheep red cell rosette sssv superior sagittal sinus forming cells blood velocity SRN State Registered Nurse st let it stand (England and Wales) ST sedimentat ion time SRNA soluble ribonucleic acid ST sinus tachycardia SRS slow reacting substance ST s 1 ghti trace SRS-A slow reacting substance of anapnyl axi s ST standardized test SRT speech reception threshold st strai ght ss one half ST surface tension ss saline soak ST survival time ss siblings ST37 trade mark for a solution of hexylresorcinol ss side to side (referring to portacaval shunt) STA serum thrombotic ace- elerator ss soaps uds staph staphylococcal ss standard score staph staphyl ococcus ss sterile solution stat at once (immediately) ss steroid sulfurylation stb sti 11 born ss suction socket STD sexually transmitted SSA skin sensitizing antibody disease SSA Social Security STD skin test dose Administration STD sodium tetradecyl SSD source to skin distance sul phate SSE soapsuds enema STD standard test dose SSI segmental sequential STET submaximal treadmill irradiation exercise test SSKI saturated solution of STH somatotropi c hormone potassium iodide stim stimulat ion SSPE subacute sclerosing panencephal iti s STK streptokinase 103 syr

STM streptomycin sv single vibration STP standard temperature sv sinus venosis and pressure SV stroke volume STPD standard temperature and pressure, dry SVA selective visceral angiography str streptococcus SVC superior vena cava strep streptococcus SVC suprahepatic vena cava struct structure svcs superior vena cava STS serologie test for syndrome syphil i s SVG saphenous vein graft STS standard test for syphil i s SVI stroke volume index STSG split thickness skin SVPB supraventricular premature graft beats STU skin test unit SVT supraventricular tachy• cardia su let him take 5 20,w sedimentation coefficient su sensation unit in water at 20'C SUA serum urie acid sw social worker subcu subcutaneous, sub• sw switch cutaneously SWI s troke work index subq subcutaneous injection SWR serum Wassermann reaction subst substance sx signs SUD sudden unexpected death sx symptoms SUID sudden unexplained infant death sym symmetrical sum let him take symp symptom sum su11111ation sync synchronous SUN serum urea nitrogen synch synchronous sup superficial syr syrup sup superior surg surgery, surgical sv alcoholic spirit SV simian virus T 104

T obtained under test TAA tumor associated antigens conditions tab tablet T 1 ife (time) TAB typhoid, paratyphoid A, T tempera ture paratyphoi d B t temporal TACE trianisylchloroethylene T tension tachy tachycardia T thoracic TAF tumor angiogenesis factor t three times TAG target attaching globulin

T tidal (gas) TAH total abdominal hysterec• tomy t time tal of such T topical (with reference to drug administration) TAM toxoid-antitoxin mixture

T total toluene-sulpho-trypsin arginine methyl ester T transition point tan tangent T transverse TAO thromboangiitis obliterans T Treponema TAO triacetyloleandomycin T+ increased tension TAPVD total anomalous pulmonary T- decreased tension venous drainage

Ty. half-life (time) TAQW transient abnormal Q waves T3 triiodothyronine TAT tetanus antitoxin T4 thyroxi ne TAT Thematic Apperception T-1824 Evans b1 ue Test TA temperature, axillary TAT toxin antitoxin TA thyroglobulin auto• TB total body precipition Tb tubercle bacillus TA toxin-antitoxin TB tuberculosis TA transactional analysis TB thymol blue TA transaldolase TBA tertiary butylacetate TA transantral TBA thiobarbituric acid TA tryptophane acid (reaction) TBA tumor bearing animal T&A tonsillectomy and adenoid• ectomy TBC tuberculosis 105 TEM

TBG thyroxine binding TD thoracic duct globul in td three times a day TBLC term birth, living child TD time disintegration TBM tuberculous meningitis TD torsion dystonia TBNA total body neutron TO typhoid dysentery activati an TDO thoracic duct drainage TBP bithionol TOI toluene diisocyanate TBP thyroxine binding protein TON totally digestible nutrients TBPA thyroxine binding prealbumin tds ta be taken three times a day TBS tribromosalicylanilide Te tetanus tbsp tablespoonful TE trial and error TBW total body water T&E trial and error TC tetracycline TEA tetraethylammonium TC tissue culture TEAB tetraethylammonium TC ta contain bromi de TC tuberculosis, contagious TEAC tetraethylammonium chloride T&C turn and cough TEAE triethylaminoethyl TCA tricarboxylic acid TeBG testosterone binding TCA trichloroacetate globul in TCA trichloroacetic acid TEC total blood eosinophil count TCAP trimethylcetylammonium pentachlorophenate tech technical TCC transitional cell tech technique carcinoma TED threshold erythema dose TCO tissue culture dose TEG thromboelastograph median tissue culture do se TEL tetraethyl lead TCE trichloroethylene TEM transmission electron microscopy TCID 50 median tissue culture infect i ve do se TEM triethylene melamine temp 106 temp temperature TGFA triglyceride fatty acid temp temporary TGT thromboplastin generation test temp to the right temple dext TGV thoracic gas vol urne temp to the 1eft temple th thoracic si ni s t TH thyroi d hormone TEPA triethylenephosphoramide THA tetrahydroaminacrine TEPP tetraethylpyrophosphate THAM trihydroxymethylamino- ter rub methane term terminal THC tetrahydrocannabinol tert terti ary THE tetrahydrocortisone TETD tetraethylthiuram- ther therapy disulfide (antabuse) therm thermometer TETRAC tetraiodothyroacetic acid THF tetrahydrocortisol

TF tactile fremitus THFA tetrahydrofolic acid

TF tetralogy of Fallot Thg thyroglobulin TF free thyroxi ne thor thorax, thoracic tf to follow thr threonine

TF transfer factor throm thrombosis Tf transferrin THU tetrahydrouridine TF trans fronta 1 TI transverse diameter between ischia TF tuberculin filtrate TI tricuspid insufficiency tf tuning fork TIA transient ischemie TFA total fatty acids attack TFB trifasicular block TIBC total iron binding capacity TG thioguanine TIC trypsin inhibitory TG triglyceride capacity tg type genus tid three times a day TGE transmissible gastro- TID titrated initial dose enteritis tin three times a night TGE tryptone glucose extract 107 TPN ti net tincture TNBP tri-(n-butyl) phosphate TIR terminal innervation TNG nitroglycerin ratio TNI total nodal irradiation TIR total immunoreactive insul in TNM tumor, nodes, metastases tiwk three times a week TNT trinitrotoluene

ŢJ triceps jerk TNTC too numerous to count TK transketolase TO original tuberculin TKD tokodynamometer TO target organ TKG tokodynagraph TO te 1ephone order TL tubal ligation TO temperature, oral TLC tender loving care TO tincture of opium (illegal abbreviation) TLC thin layer chromatography TOA tubo-ovarian abcess TLC total 1ung capaci ty TOCP triorthocresyl phosphate TLI total lymphoid irradiation tol tolerance TLV threshold limit value tonoc tonight TM temporomandibular top topi cal, topically TM trademark TOPV trivalent oral polio- Tm maximal tubular excretory virus vaccine capacity tox toxicity, toxicology TM tympanic membrane TP toil et pa per TmG maximal tubular reabsorp- tion of glucose TP total protein TMJ temporomandibular joint TP Treponema pallidum TML tetramethyl lead TPCF Treponema pallidum complement fixation TMP thymidine monophosphate TPI Treponema pallidum TMP trimethoprim immobilization (test) TMP trimethylpsoralen TPIA Treponema pallidum immune adherence TMP-SMZ trimethoprim-sulfamethoxa- zole TPN total parenteral nutrition TMV tobacco mosaic virus TPN triphosphopyridine nucleotide Tn normal intraocular tension TPNH 108

TPNH reduced triphosphopyridine Trep Treponema nucleotide TRF thyrotropin releasing TPO tryptophan peroxidase factor TPP thiamine pyrophosphate TRH thyrotropin ,releasing hormone TPR temperature, pulse and respiration TRI total response index TPR total peripheral res• TRIC trachoma inclusion i stance conjunctivitis TPR'I total peripheral res• trid three days i stance index tris tris (hydroxymethyl) TPT tetraphenyl tetrazolium aminomethane TPVR total pulmonary vascular trit triturate resistance tRNA transfer ribonucleic TR new tuberculin acid TR temperature, rectal TRP tubular reabsorption of phosphate TR therapeutic radiology trt treatment tr tincture TRU turbidity reducing unit tr trace Tryp tryptophan tr traction TS terminal sensation tr treatment TS test solution tr tremor TS thoracic surgery TR tricuspid regurgitation TS tracheal sound TR turbidity reducing TS tricuspid stenosis trach trachea, tracheostomy TS triple strength trans transverse TS tubular sound transm transmi ss ion TSBB transtracheal selective transpl transplant bronchia] brushing trans transverse sec'tion TSD target skin distance sect TSD Tay-Sachs disease TRBF total renal blood flow TSH thyroid-stimulating TRC tanned red ce 11 hormone treat treatment TSI triple sugar iron (agar) 109 Ty tsp teaspoonful Tx traction TSTA tumor specific trans- Tx treatment plantation antigen Ty type TT tetanus toxoid TT thrombin time TT thymol turbidity TT transit time (of blood through the heart) TTA transtracheal aspirates TTC triphenyltetrazolium chloride TTH thyrotropic hormone TTI tension time index TTP thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura TU transmission unit TU toxic unit TU tubercul in units tu bere tuberculosis, tuberculous TUR t rans ureth ra 1 resection TURB transurethral resection of the bladder turb turbidity TURP transurethral resection of the prestate tus cough TV tetrazolium violet TV ti dal volume TV total vol urne TV trial vi sit TV Trichomonas vaginalis TVC timed vital capacity u 110 u unit UDPGT uridine diphosphoglu• curonyl transferase U upper UE upper extremity U uri ne UFA unesterified fatty acids U urology, urologist UG urogenital ua up to, as far as UGI upper gastrointestinal UA urie acid UHF ultrahigh frequency UA urinalysis uhv ultrahigh voltage UA urocanic acid UHV ultrahigh voltage UBA undenatured bacterial antigen Ul uroporphyrin isomerase UBI ultraviolet blood UIBC unsaturated iron binding irradiation capacity uc ulcerative urce International Union Against Cancer (Union uc uterine contractions International Contra le Cancrum) UCD usual childhood diseases ULQ upper left quadrant UCHD usual childhood diseases ult ultimate, ultimately UCL urea clearance (test) ult as last prescribed UCR unconditioned response praes UCR usual, customary and UM upper motor (neuron) reasonable UH uracil mustard UCS unconditioned stimulus umb umbil i ca 1 , umbil i cus UCV uncontrolled variable Ut~P uracil monophosphate ud as directed UN urea nitrogen UD urethral discharge uncomp uncompensated UD uridine diphosphate un cond unconditioned UDC usual diseases of childhood un cond unconditioned reflex ref UDO undetermined origin uncor uncorrected UDP uridine diphosphate unCS unconditioned stimulus UDPG uridine diphosphate glucose ung ointment UDPGA uridine disphosphate glucuronic acid univ university 111 UVR

UnS unconditioned stimulus UTI urinary tract infection UOQ upper outer quadrant UTP uridine triphosphate U/P urine/plasma concentration uu urine urobilinogen ratio uv ultraviolet {light) up ad up (out of bed) as lib des ired UVA longwave ultraviolet light UPI uteropl acental insuf- ficiency UVL ultraviolet light UQ upper quadrant UVR ultraviolet radiation UR unconditioned response UR unrelated UR upper respiratory ur uri ne URI upper respiratory i nfection URQ upper right quadrant URTI upper respiratory tract infect ion us ultrasonic us unconditioned stimulus USAN United States Adopted Name (for drugs) USD United States Dispensatory USMH United States Marine Hospital USP United States Pharmacopeia USPHS United States Public Health Service USR unheated serum reagin (test) UTBG unbound thyroxine binding globul in ut dict as directed utend to be used V 112

V see val valve

V unipolar chest lead Va/Qc ratia of ventilation (electrocardiogram) (alveolar air flow) to perfusion (blood flow V velocity through the capillaries)

V vein var variation, variety

V venous (blood) vase vascular

V ventilation vasodil vasodilatation

V verbal VB vinblastine

V vertex VBG vein aortocoronary artery bypass graft V Vibrio ve acuity of color vision V viral, virus ve capillary volume V virulence ve venous capacitance V vision ve ventilatory capacity V visual acuity ve vincristine V visual capacity ve vita 1 ca paei ty v volt VeA virus capsid antigen V volume mean fiber shortening VA alveolar volume rate VA Veterans Administration VeG vector space cardiogram VA visual acuity VeM vinyl chloride monomer va volt ampere VeR vincristine vac vacuum vd double vibrations VAC vincristine, actinomycin VD venereal disease D, cyclophosphamide VDA visual discriminiatory vacc vaccine, vaccination acuity VACTERL vertebral, anal, cardiac, VDe vasodilator center tracheoesophageal, renal, 1 imb (syndrome) [Acronym VDEL Venereal Disease Experi• for teratogenic effects of mental Laboratory hormonal agents administered to pregnant women] VDG venereal disease-gonorrhea vag vagina, vaginal VDH vascular disease of the heart val valine 113 vos

VOM vasodepressor material VI volume index VDRL Venereal Disease Research VIA virus inactivating Laboratori es agent VDS vasodilator substance vib vi brat ion VDS venereal disease-syphilis vie times VE vesicular exanthema vre vasoinhibitory center VEA ventricular ectopie vid see arrhythmi a VIG vaccinia immune globulin vect vector vin wine VEE Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis VIP vasoactive intestina] po 1ypept i de vel velocity vis vision VEM vasoexciter material vis visiting, visitors vent ventilation vise visceral vent ventricle vise viscous, viscosity vent fib ventricular fibrillation vit vital VEP visual evoked potential Vit vitamin vert vertical vitel yolk ves bladder VLDL very low density lipo• ves ves i eul ar protein vesic blister VLD-TG very low density lipo• protein triglyceride VF ventricular fibrillation VM viomycin VF ventricular flutter VM vo 1tmeter Vf video frequency VMA vanillylmandelic acid VF visual field maximum velocity VF vocal fremitus VNA Visiting Nurse VFC ventricular function Association curve VO verbal order VG ventricular gallop vol volume VG very good VOD vision, right eye VHF very high frequency VOS vision, left eye V&P 114

V&P vagotomy and pyloroplasty VTI volume thickness index vp vapor pressure VUR vesico-ureteric reflux VP venous pressure vv ve ins VP Voges-Proskauer (reaction) v/v conversely (vice versa)

VPB ventricular premature V/V volume/volume beat vw vessel wall VPC ventricular premature contract ion vz varicella-zoster VR variable ratio VR venous return VR ventilation rate VR ventral root (of spinal nerve) VR vocal resonance VRA Vocational Rehabilitation Administration VRI viral respiratory infection VRP very reliable product vs single vibrations vs versus (against) vs vibration seconds vs vs volumetric solution

VSD ~entricular septal defect VT ventricular tachycardia Vt pulmonary parenchymal tissue volume Vt tidal volume V&T volume and tension VTE vicarious trial and error VTG thoracic gas volume 115 WM w water WD Wilson's disease w watt wd wound w week WDHA watery diarrhea, hypokalemia, (syn- achlorhydria or hypochlorhy• w wehnelt, a unit of roentgen drome) dri a ray hardness WDLL well differentiated lympho• w weight cytic lymphoma w white WD/WN well developed, well nourished white cell WEE Western equine encephalomye- 1iti s W widow, widower, widowed wf whi te fema 1e w wife WH well healed w with wh whisper, whispered w word fluency (psychology) wh white WA when awake WHO World Health Organization WAIS Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale w hr watt hour WAP wandering atrial pacemaker WHVP wedged hepatic vein pressure WB washable base WIA wounded in action Wb weber WIC women, infants and children WB weight bearing wid widow, widowed, widower WB Wechsler-Bellevue (scale) WISC Wechsler Intelligence WB whole blood Scale for Children WBC white blood cell wk weak WBC white blood (cell) count wk week WBCT whole blood clotting time /wk per week WBT wet bulb temperature WK Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome WC wheel chair wks weeks WCN Walthard' nests WL waiting list wd ward WL wavelength WD well-developed WM white male WD wet dressing WM whole mount WMA 116

WMA World Medical Association w/n well nourished WNL within normal limits W/0 water in oil w/o without WO written order WOU women's outpatient unit WP wet pack WP working point WPW Wolff-Parkinson-White (syndrome) WR Wassermann reaction WR work rate wt weight w/v weight/volume w/w weight for weight 117 XT

X cross or transverse (with ref• erence to sections) X Kienbock's unit (of x-ray dosage) x multiplied by (e.g. dosage regimen 5 mg/d x 3) X times Xa chiasma XDP xeroderma pigmentosum Xfmr transformer XGP xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis XP xeroderma pigmentosum XR x-ray XRT x-ray therapy XT extropi a y 118

y yield

y young

yd yard

YE ye 11 ow en zyme

yel yell ow

y/o years old

yp yeast phase yr year ys yellow spot (of the retina) 119 Z,Z',Z" z atomic number z no effect z zero z zone ZE Zollinger-Ellison (syndrome) ZES Zollinger-Ellison syndrome ZIG zoster imune globul in ZIP zoster immune plasma Zn zinc Zz ginger Z,Z' ,zu increasing degrees of contraction GREEK ALPHABET 120

Aa al pha BS beta ry garnma

M delta

EE eps il on

Zr, zeta Hn eta ee theta Ii iota KK kappa

Al. lambda

MJJ mu Nv nu =x xi Oo omi cron

llrr pi Pp rho

l:a sigma

h tau Tu ups il on

'!'l/1 psi

~ omega 121 GREEK ANO ROMAN yCD y chain disease

E molecular extinction coefficient

n viscosity

\ wave length

Il micro (one millionth)

Il micron

I.JC microcurie llEq microequivalent llf microfarad 1.19 microgram 11IU micro International Unit 1.1119 micromicrogram ].Jl mi crol iter llm micrometer llM micromolar 1111 mi cromi eran mll mi 11 imi eran m11c mi ll imi crocurie

I.JI.JC micromicrocurie m].Jg mi ll imicrogram llr microroentgen 11sec micro second 11U mi crouni t

I.JV mi crovo lt

I.JW microwatt NONALPHABETICAL 122

& and < l ess than birth « much less than *t death ). corresponds to degree > equal to or greater than ~ foot , ~ equal to or less than mi nu te ,....." proportional to

inch ~ approximately equal to second ~ sum of (a series) # number ,.y-- square root of 3 # pounds ,y- cube root of

Do infinity Ll change t i ncrease % per cent t decrease times (multipl ied by) approaches ratie -+ plus .. equality between ratios "as" + positive ~ femal e

+ present ~ ma le minus o female nega ti ve o ma le absent d phase ± plus or minus indicates "possible" or "unknown" divided by * i ndi cates entries under thi s X multiplied by heading X magnifi ed by 3 dram (drachm) equa ls 3 ounce - identically equal to f3 fl uidram ":ţ. net equal to f3 fluid ounce > larger than 2nd secondary >> much 1arger than