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Home , Carpal tunnel syndrome, Lachman test, Rinne test, Thomas test, Weber test

Medical Tests, Signs & Maneuvers Guide

Achilles Squeeze test: For Achilles This can be performed with tendon rupture. Squeezing the calf Doppler placed on the digits muscle fails to produce plantar during test. The test is valuable flexion of the ankle joint. Also called prior to an invasive procedure on Simmons Test, Thompson test. the arteries at the , Addis test: For determination of Allis' sign: Relaxation of the leg length discrepancy. With fascia between the crest of the patient in prone position, flexing ilium and the greater trochanter: a the knees to 90 degrees reveals the sign of fracture of the neck of the potential discrepancies of both femur. tibial and femoral lengths. Amoss' sign: In painful flexure of Adson's maneuver: See under the spine, the patient, when rising Adson's test to a sitting posture from lying in bed, does so by supporting him- Adson's test: For thoracic outlet self with his placed far syndrome. With the patient in a behind him in the bed. sitting position, his hands resting on thighs, the examiner palpates Anghelescu's sign: Inability to both radial as the patient bend the spine while lying on the rapidly fills his lungs by deep back so as to rest on the head and inspiration and, holding his breath, heels alone, seen in tuberculosis hyperextends his neck and turns of the vertebrae. his head toward the affected side. If the radial on that side is Anterior drawer sign: See under decidedly or completely obliter- drawer sign. ated, the result is considered Anterior tibial sign: Involuntary positive. Also called Adson's contraction of the tibialis anterior maneuver. muscle when the thigh is forcibly Allen test: For occlusion of radial flexed on the abdomen; seen in or ulnar artery. A method of deter- spastic paraplegia. mining if radial and ulnar arteries Anvil test (): For early communicate through the two joint disease of diseased verte- palmar arches. Both arteries are brae. A closed fist striking a blow occluded digitally by making a fist to the sole of the foot with leg repeatedly. First one artery is extended produces in the hip released, then the other, to observe or vertebrae. pattern of capillary refill in the . Anvil test (neck): For vertebral supination, it turns over to prona- disorders. A closed fist striking a tion; seen in organic paralysis. blow to the top of the head elicits Called also pronation sign. pain in the vertebra(e). Bekhterev's test: The patient Apley test: For differentiating seated in bed is directed to stretch ligamentous from meniscal injury. out both legs; in he cannot Tibial rotation on femur with do this, but can stretch out each traction or compression with the leg in turn. patient prone and knee flexed. Also Bench test: For nonorganic back called Apley sign. pain. In normal hip motion, the Axial loading: Putting pressure on patient should be able to bend top of the head to identify over and touch the floor kneeling damage in the neck. Also used to on a 12-inch high bench; not being medically disprove evidence of a able to implies a nonorganic (or low back problem. psychologic) back pain. Also called Burns test. Babinski : For loss of brain control over lower extremities. Bowstring sign: With leg raised Scraping the soles causes toes to with knee bent in same position, pull up. Also called Babinski reflex, pain is felt in the back of limb toe sign. pressing on the popliteal fossa. Increased pain is sign of nerve Babinski's sign: 1. Loss or lessen- irritability. ing of the Achilles tendon reflex in sciatica; this distinguishes it from Bracelet test: The production of hysteric sciatica. 2. Babinski's pain on moderate lateral compres- reflex. 3, In hemiplegia, the con- sion of the lower ends of the radius traction of the platysma muscle in and ulna; observed in rheumatoid the healthy side is more vigorous arthritis. than on the affected side, as seen in Bragard’s sign: With the knee opening the mouth, whistling, stiff, the lower extremity is flexed blowing, etc. 4. The patient lies at the hip until the patient experi- supine on the floor, with ences pain; the foot is then crossed upon his chest, and then dorsiflexed. Increase of pain points makes an effort to rise to the sitting to disease of the nerve root. posture. On the paralyzed side, the thigh is flexed upon the pelvis and British test: For knee pain and/or the heel is lifted from the ground, injury. Compression of patella while on the healthy side the limb during active quadriceps contrac- does not move. This phenomenon tion as knee is extended elicits is repeated when the patient pain. resumes the lying posture. It is seen in organic hemiplegia, but not in Brudzinski's sign: For meningitis. hysterical hemiplegia. 5. When the Flexion of the neck forward results paralyzed is placed in in flexion of the hip and knee; when passive flexion of the lower Comolli's sign: A sign of scapular limb on one side is made, a similar fracture consisting in the appear- movement will be seen in the ance in the scapular region, shortly opposite limb. Also called neck sign, after the accident, of a triangular contralateral sign. swelling reproducing the shape of the body of the scapula. Burns test: See under bench test Contralateral sign: See under Cantelli's sign: Dissociation be- Brudzinski's sign tween the movements of the head and eyes; as the head is raised the Contralateral straight leg raising eyes are lowered and vice versa. test: For sciatica. When the leg is Called also doll's eye sign. flexed, the hip can also be flexed, but not when the leg is held Chaddock's sign: For upper motor straight. Flexing the sound thigh neuron loss (brain). The big toe with the leg held straight causes extends when irritating the skin in pain on the affected side. Also the external malleolar region; called Fajersztajn's crossed indicates lesions of the corticospinal sciatic sign. paths. Also called external malleolus sign, Chaddock reflex. Coopernail sign: Ecchymosis on the perineum and scrotum or labia; Circumduction maneuver: A a sign of fracture of the pelvis. maneuver for the thumb; any general test of motion involving a Dawbarn's sign: In acute subacro- rotation action of a group of joints; a mial bursitis, when the hangs examination. by the side, over the bursa causes pain but when arm is Cleeman's sign: Creasing of the abducted, this pain disappears. skin just above the patella, indica- tive of fracture of the femur with Dejerine's sign: Aggravation of overriding of fragments. symptoms of radiculitis produced by coughing, sneezing, and strain- Codman's sign: In rupture of the ing at stool. supraspinatus tendon, the arm can be passively abducted without pain, Demianoff’s sign: A sign that but when support of the arm is permits the differentiation of pain removed and the deltoid contracts originating in the sacrolumbalis suddenly, pain occurs again. muscles from lumbar pain of any other origin. The sign is obtained Cogwheel phenomenon:While by placing the patient in dorsal testing the strength of a muscle, the decubitus and lifting his extended patient exhibits jerky motions that leg. In the presence of lumbago are neither rhythmic nor equal and this produces a pain in the lumbar represent pretending or protection region which prevents raising the from pain. leg high enough to form an angle of ten degrees, or even less, with the table or bed on which the patient reposes. The pain is due to Fabere sign: See Patrick’s test the stretching of the Fadire test: Forced position of sacrolumbalis. the hip causing pain; the letters Desault’s sign: A sign of stand for Flexion Adduction intrascapular fracture of the femur, Internal External Rotation in consisting of alternation of the arc Extension. Also called Patrick’s described by rotation of the great test, fabere test, figure of 4 test. trochanter, which normally de- scribes the segment of a circle, but Fajersztajn’s crossed sciatic sign: In sciatica, when the leg is in this fracture rotates only as the flexed, the hip can also be flexed, apex of the femur rotates about its own axis. but not when the leg is held straight; flexing the sound thigh Doll’s eye sign: See Cantelli’s with the leg held straight causes sign. pain on the affected side. See also contralateral straight leg raising Drawer sign: For ligamentous test. instability or ruptured cruciate ligaments, With the patient supine Fan sign: Spreading apart of the and knee flexed to 90 degrees, the toes following the stroking of the sign is positive if knee is not sole of the foot; it forms part of displaced abnormally in a posterior the Babinski’s reflex. direction with knee pulled for- Femoral nerve stretch test: For ward. Also called an anterior lesion of third or fourth lumbar drawer sign, meaning the anterior disk. Passive knee flexion in the cruciate is lax or ruptured. prone position causes pain in the D.T.P. sign: (distal tingling on back or thighs. ), Tinel’s sign Femoral nerve traction test: For Dugas' test: A test for the exist- of the second ence of dislocation of the shoul- through fourth lumbar . der, made by placing the hand With patient prone, the knee is of the affected side on the opposite flexed, causing back or thigh pain. shoulder and bringing the Finger-nose test: For coordinated to the side of the chest. If this movements of the extremities. cannot be accomplished (Dugas’ With arm extended to one side, sign), dislocation of the shoulder the patient is asked to slowly try exists. to touch the end of his nose with Ely's test: With the patient prone, the point of his index finger. if flexion of the leg on the thigh Finkelstein sign: For synovitis. causes the buttocks to arch away Bending the thumb into the palm from the table and the leg to to determine synovitis of the abduct at the hip joint, there is abductor pollicis longus tendon to of the lateral fascia of wrist. the thigh. Fournier test: The patient is asked until after the lumbar spine to rise on command from a sitting moves, the lesion is in the sacro- position; he is asked to rise and iliac or lumbosacral walk, then stop quickly on com- articulation. mand: he is asked to walk and turn around quickly on command. The Gower’s sign: Abrupt intermit- ataxic gait is thus brought out. tent oscillation of the iris under the influence of light; seen in Fowler maneuver: A test for tight certain stages of tabes dorsalis. intrinsic muscles in ulnar deviation Called also Gower’s maneuver of tho digits; in and Gower’s phenomenon. a heavy, taut ulnar band is demon- strated when the digit is held in its Guilland’s sign: Brisk flexion at normal axial relationship. the hip and knee joint when the contralateral quadriceps muscle is Froment’s paper sign: Flexion of pinched; a sign of meningeal the distal phalanx of the thumb irritation. when a sheet of paper is held between the thumb and index Hamilton’s test: When the finger; seen in affection of the shoulder joint is luxated, a rule or . straight rod applied to the hu- merus can be made to touch the Gaenslen’s sign: With the patient outer condyle and acromion at the on his back on the operating table, same time. the knee and hip of one leg are held in flexed position by the patient, Harris hip scale: A 100-point while the other leg, hanging over scale with 40 points for function the edge of the table, is pressed and 60 for pain in the hip. down by the examiner to produce Heberden’s nodules: Small hard hype rextension of the hip; pain nodules, formed usually at the occurs on the affected side in lum distal interphalangeal articulations bosacral disease. of the fingers, produced by Galeazzi’s sign: In congenital calcific spurs of the articular dislocation of the hip, the dislocated cartilage and associated with side is shorter when both thighs are interphalangeal osteoarthritis. flexed 90 degrees. Heredity is an important etiologic factor. Called also Heberden’s Goldthwait’s sign: With the patient sign. lying supine, his leg is raised by the examiner with one hand, the other Heel-knee test: For coordinated hand being placed under the movements of the extremities. patient’s lower back. Leverage is The patient, lying on his back, is then applied to the side of the asked to touch the knee of one pelvis. If pain is felt by the patient leg with the heel of the other and before the lumbar spine is moved, then to pass the heel slowly down the lesion is a sprain of the sacro- the front of the shin to the ankle. iliac joint. If pain does not appear Helbing’s sign: Medialward Hughston jerk test: For anterolat- curving of the Achilles tendon as eral instability of the knee; noted viewed from behind; seen in by starting at 45 degrees flexion flatfoot. with tibia internally rotated and applying valgus force while rotat- Hirschberg’s sign: Adduction, ing fibula medially. There is a jerk inversion, and slight plantar at about 20 degrees from full flexion of the foot on stroking the extension. inner aspect (not the sole) of the foot from the great toe to the heel. Huntington’s sign: ‘The patient is Called also adductor reflex of foot. recumbent, with his legs hanging over the edge of the table, and is Hoffmann’s sign: 1. lncreased told to . If the coughing mechanical irritability of the produces flexion of the thigh and sensory nerves in tetany; the ulnar extension of the leg in the para- nerve is usually tested. 2. A lyzed limb, it indicates that the sudden nipping of the nail of the paralysis is due to an upper motor index, middle, or ring finger neuron lesion. produces flexion of the terminal phalanx of the thumb and of the Jansen’s test: For osteoarthritis second and third phalanxes of deformans of the hip. The patient some other finger. Called also is told to cross his legs with a point digital reflex, Hoffman’s reflex, just above the ankle resting on the and Trommer’s sign. opposite knee; this motion is irnpossible when the disease exists. Homan’s sign: Discomfort behind the knee on forced dorsiflexion of Jendrassik’s maneuver: A proce- the foot; a sign of thrombosis in dure for emphasizing the patellar the veins of the calf. reflex; The patient hooks his hands together by the flexed Hoover’s sign: 1. In the normal fingers and pulls apart as hard as state or in genuine paralysis, if the he can. patient, lying on a couch, is directed to press the leg against Kanavel’s sign: A point of maxi- the couch, there will be a lifting mum tenderness in the palm one movement seen in the other leg; inch proximal to the base of the this phenomenon is absent in little finger in infection of the hysteria and malingering. 2. tendon sheath. Movement of the costal margins Kauffman test: See pivot-shift towards the midline in inspiration, sign. occurring bilaterally in pulmonary emphysema and unilaterally in Keen’s sign: Increased diameter of conditions causing flattening of the leg at the malleoli in Pott’s the diaphragm, such pleural fracture of the fibula. effusion and pneumothorax. Kernig’s sign: In dorsal decubitus, Leichtenstern’s sign: In cere- the patient can easily and com- brospinal meningitis, lightly pletely extend the leg; in the tapping any bone of the extremi- sitting position, or when lying with ties causes the patient to wince the thigh flexed upon the abdo- suddenly. men. the leg cannot be completely extended it is a sign of meningi- Leri’s sign: Passive flexion of the tis. hand and wrist of the affected side in hemiplegia shows no normal Kerr’s sign: Alteration of the flexion of the elbow. texture of the sign below the somatic level in lesions of the Lhermitte’s sign: The develop- spinal cord. ment of sudden transient electric- like shocks spreading down the Key pinch: The strength in the body when the patient flexes the ability to grasp, as in holding a head forward; seen mainly in key; lateral pinch. multiple sclerosis but also in compression and other disorders of Kocher maneuver: For reducing the cervical cord. anterior dislocations of the shoul- ders. Done by abducting the arm, Libman’s sign: Extreme tender- externally rotating adduction, and ness, but without pain on pressure then internally rotating. of the mastoid bones. : With the patient Linder’s sign: With the patient supine and the knee flexed to 20 recumbent or sitting with out- degrees, the tibia is pulled anteri- stretched legs, passive flexion of orly. A “give” reaction or mushy the head will cause pain in the leg end point indicates a torn anterior or the lumbar region in sciatica. cruciate ligament. Long tract sign: Any sign that one Langoria’s sign: Relaxation of the would see in affection of either extensor muscles of the thigh; a sensory or motor tracts in the spinal symptom of intrascapular fracture cord. For example, Babinski reflex, of’ the femur. Romberg test. Laseque’s sign: In sciatica, flexion Ludloff’s sign: Swelling and of the hip is painful when the ecchymosis at the base of Scarpa’s knee is extended, but painless triangle together with inability to when the knee is flexed. This raise the thigh when in a sitting distingtuishes the disorder from posture, a sign of traumatic separa- disease of the hip joint. See also tion of the epiphysis of the greater straight leg raising test. trochanter. Laugier’s sign: A condition in Mannkopf’s sign: Increase in the which the styloid process of the frequency of the pulse of pressure radius and of the ulna are on the over a painful spot; not present in same level; seen in fracture of the simulated pain. lower part of the radius. McMurray sign: Occurrence ofa Naffziger sign: For sciatica or cartilage click during manipula- herniated nucleus pulposus. Nerve tion of the knee; indicative of root irritation is produced by meniscal injury. external jugular venous compres- sion by examiner. McMurray‘s test: For torn menis- cus. As the patient lies supine Naffziger’s test: For nerve root with knee fully flexed, the compression. Increase of aggrava- examiner rotates the patient’s foot tion of pain or sensory disturbance fully outward and the knee is over the distribution of the in- slowly extended; a painful “click” volved nerve root upon manual indicates a tear of the medial compression of the jugular veins meniscus of the knee joint. If the bilaterally confirms the presence of click occurs when the foot is an extruded intervertebral disk or rotated inward, the tear is in the other mass. lateral meniscus. Ober’s test: The patient lies on Mill’s test: For tennis el bow. the side opposite that to be tested, With the wrist and fingers fully with the underneath hip and knee flexed and the forearm pronated, flexed; with the upper knee flexed complete extension of the elbow to a right angle the upper hip is is painful, flexed to 90 degrees, fully ab- ducted, brought into full hyperex- Minor‘s sign: The method of tension, and allowed to adduct; the rising from a sitting position angle that the thigh makes above characteristic of the patient with the horizontal is the degree of sciatica: he supports himself on abduction contracture. the healthy side, placing one hand on the back, bending the Objective sign: One that can be affected leg and balancing the seen, heard, or felt by the diagnos- healthy leg. tician. Called also physical sign. Moro reflex: For testing normal Ortolani’s click: A click felt when early neurologic development or the thigh is abducted in flexion, in the failure to progress neurologi- congenital dislocation of the hip. It cally. The infant is placed on a results from the sliding of the table, then the table is forcibly femoral head over the acetabular struck from either side, causing rim. A click can also be felt when the infants arms to be thrown out the head slips out of the acetabu- as in an embrace; should disap- lum on the opposite maneuver. pear as infancy progresses. Called also Ortolani’s sign. Morton sign: For metatarsalgia or Patellar retraction test: For neuroma. Transverse pressure synovitis. Compression of patella across heads of the metatarsals causes pain when the patient causes sharp pain in the forefoot. attempts to set the quadriceps muscles with the knee in full extension. Patrick's test: With the patient Postural fixation: A sign noted supine, the thigh and knee are on range of motion of the back; flexed and the external malleolus any postural deformity (stiffness) is placed over the patella of the noted does not reverse with opposite leg; the knee is de- range of motion. pressed, and if pain is produced thereby, arthritis of the hip is Pseudo-Babinski's sign: In indicated Patrick calls this test poliomyelitis the Babinski reflex fabere sign, from the initial letters is modified so that only the big of' movements that are necessary toe is extended, because all foot to elicit it, namely, flexion, abduc- muscles except dorsiflexors of the tion, external rotation, extension. big toe are paralyzed. Quadriceps test: Payr sign: Early sign of impend- For hyperthy- i ng postoperative thrombosis, roidism. The patient sits well indicated by tenderness when forward on the edge of the normal pressure is placed over the inner chair and holds the leg out at a side of' the foot. right angle to the body. Normal persons can hold this position for Peroneal sign: Dorsal flexion and at least a minute; those with abduction of the foot, a sign of hyperthyroidism can maintain it latent tetany elicited by tapping for only a few seconds. the peroneal nerve just below the head of' the fibula, while the knee Queckenstedt's sign: When the Is relaxed and slightly flexed. veins in the neck are compressed on one or both sides, there is a Phalen's maneuver: For detection rapid rise in the pressure of the of syndrome. The cerebrospinal fluid of healthy size of the carpal tunnel is re- persons, and this rise quickly duced by holding the affected disappears when pressure is taken hand with the wrist fully flexed or off the neck. But when there is a extended for 30 to 60 seconds or block in the vertebral canal, the by placing a sphygmomanometer pressure of the cerebrospinal fluid cuff on the involved arm and is little or not at all affected by inflating to a point between this maneuver. diastolic and systolic pressure for 30 to 60 seconds. Raimiste's sign: The patient's hand and arm are held upright by Piotrowski's sign: Percussion of the examiner; if the hand is the anterior tibialis muscle pro- sound, it remains upright on d uces dorsal flexion and supina- being released; if paretic, the tion of' the foot. When this reflex hand flexes abruptly at the wrist. is excessive it indicates organic disease of the central nervous Raynaud phenomenon:Pallor or system. Called also anticus sign or blueness of fingers, toes or nose reflex. brought by exposure to cold and, less commonly, by other stresses. Raynaud’s sign: Acrocyanosis (a Slocum test: For rotary instability condition marked by symmetrical of the knee. The examiner pulls on cyanosis of the extremities, with the upper calf of a supine patient persistent, uneven, mottled blue or with the knees flexed 90 degrees. red discoloration of the skin of the Somatic sign: Any sign presented digits, , and ankles and with by trunk or limbs rather than profuse sweating and coldness of sensory apparatus. the digits.) Soto-hall sign: With the patient flat : A test. on his back, on flexion of the spine Romberg test: For differentiating beginning at the neck and going between peripheral and cerebellar downward, a pain will be felt at the site ataxia. An increase in clumsiness in of the lesion in back abnormalities. all movements and in the width Spurling test: For cervical spine and uncertainty of the gait when and foraminal nerve encroachment. the patient’s eyes are closed Compression on the head with indicates peripheral ataxia; no extension on the neck causes change indicates the cerebellar radicular pain into the upper type. extremities. Romberg’s sign: Swaying of the Straight leg raising (SLR) test: For body or falling when standing with determining nerve root irritation. the feet close together and the The supine patient elevates his leg eyes closed; observed in tabes straight until there is ipsilateral dorsalis. extremity pain or until the pain is Rust’s phenomenon: In caries or increased with dorsiflexion of the cancer of the upper cervical verte- foot. Also called Lasegue sign. brae, the patient supports his head Strumpell’s sign: 1. Dorsal flexion with his hands when rising from or of the foot when the thigh is drawn assuming a lying position. up toward the body; seen in spastic Sarbo’s sign: Analgesia of the paralysis of the lower limb. Called peroneal nerve; sometimes noted also tibialis sign. 2. Inability to in tabes dorsalis. close the fist without marked dorsal extension of the wrist. Schlesinger’s sign: In tetany, if the Called also radialis sign. 3. Prona- patient’s leg is held at the knee tion sign, passive flexion of the joint and flexed strongly at the hip forearm caused by pronation; seen joint, there will follow within a in hemiplegia. short time an extensor spasm at the knee joint, with extreme supina- Strunsky’s sign: A sign for detect- tion of the foot. Called also Pool’s ing lesions of the anterior arch of phenomenon. the foot. The examiner grasps the toes and flexes them suddenly. Simmons test: See Thompson test. This procedure is painless in the Tourniquet test: For phlebitis of normal foot but causes pain if there the leg. Tourniquet is applied to is inflammation of the anterior the thigh and pressure gradually arch. increased until the patient complains of pain in the calf; result Thomas sign: 1. Flexion of the hip is compared with the affect on the joint can be compensated for by opposite leg. lordosis. 2. Pinching of the trape- zius muscle causes goose flesh Trendelenburg's test: 1. The above the level of a spinal cord doctor raises the patient's leg above lesion . the level of the heart until the veins are empty, then lowers it quickly. If : With the patient the veins become distended at supine when one leg is flexed so once, varicosity and incompetence that the knee touches the chest of the valves are indicated. 2. The and the lumbar spine is flattened, patient, standing erect, stripped, the angle taken by the other hip is with back to the examiner, is told to t he degree of flexion deformity. lift one leg and then the other. Thompson test: Compression of When weight is supported by the the calf muscle with foot at rest affected limb, the pelvis on the results in ankle flexion if Achilles sound side falls instead of rising; tendon is intact. Also called seen in disturbances of the gluteus Simmons test, Achilles squeeze medius mechanism, as in deformity test. of femoral neck, dislocated hip joint, and weakness or paralysis of Thumb-nail test: For fractured the gluteus medius muscle. patella The examiner’s thumbnail is passed over the subcutaneous Trunk rotation: A test for malinger- surface of the patella; a fracture ing. Positive when incomplete will be felt as a sharp crevice. rotation produces back pain when shoulders and pelvis are passively Tibialis sign: Strumpell’s sign (def. rotated in the same plane as the 1). Also called tibial phenomenon. patient stands relaxed with the feet Tinel’s sign: A tingling sensation in together. In the presence of nerve the distal end of the limb when irritation, leg pain may be produced percussion is made over the site of and should be considered as a true a divided nerve. It indicates a medical finding. partial lesion or the beginning Valsalva's maneuver: 1. Forcible regeneration of the nerve. Called exhalation effort against closed also formication sign and distal glottis; the resultant increase in t I ngl ing on pe rcu ssio n. intrathoracic pressure interferes Toe spread sign: For Morton with venous return to the heart. neuroma. Disproportional spreading 2. Forcible exhalation effort against ofthe toes, comparing one foot with occluded nostrils and a closed the other Also called Nelson sign. mouth; the increase pressure in the eustachian tube and Yergason test: For subluxation of cause the tympanic membrane to the long head of the biceps tendon. move outward. The elbow is held flexed at 90 degrees with supination and forced Vanzetti's sign: In sciatica the external rotation of the shoulder pelvis is always horizontal in spite against resistance by the examiner. of scoliosis, but in other lesion Painful subluxation of the tendon with scoliosis the pelvis is can be palpated. inclined. Waddell's criteria: A standardized group of five types of physician signs utilized by examiners to detect malingering or pretending: 1. Tenderness that is superficial or does not follow a specific muscle group. 2. Simulation, where the examiner asks a patient to perform a test that has no valid response. 3. Distraction, where the examiner checks that patient's ability while the patient's attention is distracted. 4. Regional disturbances, such as a give way weakness of muscle groups that cannot be explained on a physical basis. Also, sensory losses that do not follow a specific nerve pattern. 5. Overreaction, such as dispro portionate verbalization, facial expression, muscle tension and tremor, collapsing or sweating. Wartenberg's sign: 1. A sign of ulnar palsy, consisting of a posi- tion of abduction assumed by the little finger. 2. Reduction or absence of the pendulum move- ments of the arm in walking; seen in patient with cerebellar disease. Weber's test: A Wilson test: With knee extended from 30 degrees with valgus stress and internal rotation of the foot, a click is heard in cases of osteochondritis dissecans.