COMMONWEALTH of LEARNING Longitudinal Study of the Community Radio Awareness Programmes of CEMCA V.Venkaiah Commonwealth Educational Media Centre for Asia 8/4 Sarv Priya Vihar, New Delhi 110016 http://www/cemca.org The Commonwealth of Learning (COL) is an intergovernmental organisation created by Commonwealth Heads of Government to encourage the development and sharing of open learning and distance education knowledge, resources and technologies. Commonwealth of Learning, 2011 Any part of this document may be reproduced without permission but with attribution to the Commonwealth of Learning and the author. CC-BY-SA (share alike with attribution) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0 Prepared by Prof. V. Venkaiah Director (Academic) Former Rector and Executive Director (GRADE) Department of Business Management Dr. B.R.Ambedkar Open University Road No. 46, Jubilee Hills Hyderabad - 500 033 India e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Executive Summary Project Description............................................................................................. 5 Intended Outputs/Outcomes for the Activity................................................... 8 M&E Purposes.................................................................................................... 8 Key Findings…………………………………………………………………………………………. 8 Findings Expected …………………………………………………………………………….. 9 Findings Unanticipated..................................................................................... 10 Recommendations............................................................................................ 11 Conclusions…………………………………………………………………………………………. 12 Limitations......................................................................................................... 12 2. Project Context CEMCA and its Activities……………………………………………………………………….. 13 Workshop Process and Methods……………………………...................................... 16 Success Indicators………………………………………………………………………………… 17 Suggestions made and implemented by CEMCA to achieve enhanced Outputs/Outcomes……………………………………………………………………………….. 17 Partners involved…………….............................................................................. 18 Limitations of Evaluation…………………………………………………………………….. 18 Acknowledgements............................................................................................. 19 3. Monitoring & Evaluation Purposes 20 4. Monitoring & Evaluation Purposes, Design & Implementation Data Collection Strategies..................................................................... 22 Issues arising during Implementation................................................. 24 3 5. Findings of Evaluation 25 Main motivational factors to participate in the workshops………………….. 25 Role of CEMCA in creating awareness and promotion of CR………………… 27 Analysis of data from workshop participants and findings ………………….. 29 Methodology of testing hypotheses............................................................... 30 Analysis of data collected from CR Managers………………………………………. 52 Analysis of data collected from listeners of CR…………………………………… 63 CR and Women Empowerment – Some Profiles………………………………….. 68 6. Conclusions CR and CEMCA : Yesterday and Today……………………………………………….. 74 CEMCA and Govt. Interface……………………………………………………………… 76 7. Recommendations…………………………………………………………………… 80 8. Annexures Annexure – 1 Abbreviations …………………………………………………………………. 82 Annexure – 2 List of Addresses of CR Managers…………………………………….. 83 Annexure – 3 List of Addresses of Participants of CR Awareness Workshops.. 90 Annexure – 4 List of Addresses of Listeners of CR…………………………………….. 111 Annexure – 5 Questionnaire to Collect data from CR Managers………………….. 120 Annexure – 6 Questionnaire to collect data from participants of CR Awareness Workshops………………………………………………………... 124 Annexure - 7 Questionnaire to collect data from listeners of CR ………………….. 127 Annexure – 8 Impressions of individual participants on CR Awareness 130 Workshops………………………………………………………………………… Annexure – 9 Govt. Policy on Community Radio……………………………………….. 171 Annexure – 10 Concept Note …………………………………………………………………… 183 References ………………………………………………………………………………………… 210 4 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Project Description The journey of Community Radio (CR) service has so far completed over 40 long years throughout the world covering nations like Australia, UK, USA, Canada and other countries. But in India the expansion is of recent origin i.e. seven years from the first installation at Anna University in 2004. Currently, there are 113 stations functioning in 20 States and 2 Union Territories in India. The Letters of Intent (LOI) were issued to 350 agencies and 500 applications seeking permission for CR are under process. Some more States and Union Territories are yet to enter this field. Hence, there is a need to enhance the awareness level of people about this powerful medium. CEMCA has conducted 22 Regional and State level Community Radio Workshops in all the regions of India during the last three years i.e., from November 2007 to December 2010, in which 1959 participants took an active part and received training on CR. The major participants in the workshops are drawn from NGOs and educational institutions besides invited personnel from CEMCA & Ministry of Information and Broadcasting. CEMCA has invited BECIL, BEL and WEBEL also to participate and give demonstrations at these workshops. As a result of these workshops, interest in CR was generated and led to the expression of interest by 278 agencies. Further, permission was sought by 383 applicants and their requests are under process. CEMCA also organised a National Community Radio Sammelan in April 2011 in which 90 CR stations representing different parts of the country deliberated upon various policy related issues. Commonwealth of Learning (COL) decided to undertake a Longitudinal Study of Community Radio Awareness Workshops organized by CEMCA to evaluate its role in the development of CR in India with the following hypotheses. 1. Ho: The Consultation and awareness campaigns organized by CEMCA 5 are not highly effective and useful. H1: The Consultation and awareness campaigns organized by CEMCA are highly effective and useful. 2. Ho: The role of CEMCA in enlarging the base of stakeholders and networking process is not commendable. H1: The role of CEMCA in enlarging the base of stakeholders and networking process is commendable 3. Ho: The role of CEMCA in facilitating the documentation and licensing for setting up a community radio is not proactive and highly effective. H1: The role of CEMCA in facilitating the documentation and licensing for setting up a community radio is proactive and highly effective. The objectives of the present study are as follows: 1. To present an outline of the Community Radio potential in the Indian context in view of the unique community radio policy of the Government of India; 2. To document the initiatives, activities and consultative campaigns undertaken by CEMCA jointly with the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India; 3. To analyze the role of CEMCA in facilitating the documentation and licensing for setting up of community radio stations in various organizations including educational institutions, NGOs, etc.; 4. To describe the interface between CEMCA and Government of India in formulating policies and modifying them from time to time considering the experience in promoting CR; and 5. To evaluate the role of CEMCA in enlarging the base of stakeholders and networking. In addition to the above objectives, the project attempts to identify the problems faced by the people in setting up the Community Radio Stations (CRS) and make suggestions to run them effectively. On the whole, the specific role and effectiveness of Consultations and Awareness Programmes organized by CEMCA and Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (MIB), 6 Government of India, are analyzed. Further, the project examines the Community Radio Policy of the Government and the role of CEMCA in the development process of CR in India. This project was carried out through a longitudinal study from April 2010 to August 2011. This mode was chosen to analyse the role of CEMCA in creating awareness and popularizing the concept of CR. Primary as well as secondary sources of data are used in the study. The primary data from the CR stations and various stakeholder respondents has been collected using the following methods: 1. Census Survey method 2. Sample Survey method 3. Focus Group Discussions Respondents in the study included: 1. 47 Organizers/promoters of Community Radio stations spread over the entire country. 2. 148 Participants from three Consultation and Awareness Workshops held in Hyderabad, Agartala and Konark during November and December 2010. 3. 65 listeners of Community Radio from four South Indian States Viz. Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and Kerala and one Union Territory i.e. Pondicherry. 4. Staff of CEMCA and MIB The Survey method was used to collect data from the beneficiaries of CR i.e. participants in designing and developing CR programmes as well as listeners of the programmes. The respondents were selected using the convenience sampling technique for distributing the questionnaires. Focus Group Discussions were also held for better understanding of different experiences by the communities and target beneficiaries. 7 Intended Output/Outcome To evaluate CR awareness workshops organised jointly by CEMCA and MIB To know the perceptions of participants