WLHS/Marine Biology/Oppelt Name ______UNIT 2 Study Guide You can find the answers to the study guide in your lectures, textbook, reading guides, in-class activities, and labs. You may also use the internet. On the test, you may use this study guide. TERMS TO KNOW Fission Lysis Pseudopod Sporophyte Budding Stromalites Red Tide Angiosperm Broadcast spawing Frustule Thallus Halophyte Protandry Bioluminescent Blades Estuary Protogyny Detritus Stipes Algin Evolution Autotrophic Holdfast Agar Taxonomy Heterotrophic Pneumatocysts Carrageenan Phylogenetics Planktonic Gametophyte Macroalgae

1. Compare asexual and sexual reproduction. (Number of parents, amount of genetic diversity, etc…)

2. What is broadcast spawning? What are factors that control broadcast spawning? Benefits?

3. What is natural selection? Describe how it strengthens gene pools.

4. The table to the right is the taxonomy of the purple sea urchin. a. Which taxon is the most broad? ______b. Which taxon is the most specific? ______

5. What is phylogeny? Identify 3 factors that are used to determine the relatedness of organisms

6. Using the cladogram to the right, answer the following questions. a. Which organism is the least like the other organisms? ______b. Which organisms have 4-legged locomotion? ______

7. Use diagram below to answer the following questions. a. What is this diagram called? ______b. Identify fish #2 ______c. Identify fish #5 ______

8. Describe the structure of a virus.

9. What are the 3 groups marine viruses? Describe their characteristics.

10. Describe the roles viruses play within marine ecosystems.

11. What are the 2 domains of prokaryotes? Identify key characteristics.

12.Compare the following organisms. HINT: Look at Table 5.2 (page 100) in your textbook

Major cell wall/ Cell Prokaryotic/ Unicellular/ Autotrophs/ membrane Significance in Group Eukaryotic? Multicellular? Heterotrophs? components marine environment

Bacteria

Archaea

Diatoms

Dinoflagellates

Silicoflagellates

Coccolithophores

Foraminiferans

Radiolarians

Ciliates

Fungi

13. In the table above, highlight or put a star ( ) by all of the protists. 14.Describe how diatoms reproduce.

15. Give an example of an important dinoflagellate that has a symbiotic relationship with coral and sea anemones.

16. What are red tides? How do they impact other organisms?

17. Describe two examples of protozoans.

18. What is lichen? 19. In the picture below of the alternation of generations, label the following items: mitosis (4), meiosis, gametophyte, sporophyte, spores, zygote, fertilization, sperm, egg, male, female

20. What is the role of a pneumatocyst?

21. Describe ways we use algae commercially or for human use.

22. What is the importance of kelp forests?

23. In the picture to the right, identify the blade, stipes, float, and holdfast

24. What is unique about the Sargasso Sea?

25. Using you lecture notes and Table 6.1 (page 113 in textbook), fill in the table below.

Photosynthetic Major Cell Wall Significance in Marine Group Pigments Components Environment

Green Algae

Brown Algae

Red Algae

Flowering Plants