ECOLOGY and MANAGEMENT of the BULL KELP, NEREOCYSTIS LUETKEANA: a Synthesis with Recommendations for Future Research
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THE EFFECTS OF IRRADIANCE IN DETERMINING THE VERTICAL DISTRIBUTION OF ELK KELP PELAGOPHYCUS PORRA _______________ A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of San Diego State University _______________ In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science in Biology _______________ by Stacie Michelle Fejtek Fall 2008 SAN DIEGO STATE UNIVERSITY The Undersigned Faculty Committee Approves the Thesis of Stacie Michelle Fejtek: The Effects of Irradiance in Determining the Vertical Distribution of Elk Kelp, Pelagophycus porra _____________________________________________ Matthew S. Edwards, Chair Department of Biology _____________________________________________ Todd W. Anderson Department of Biology _____________________________________________ Douglas A. Stow Department of Geography ______________________________ Approval Date iii Copyright © 2008 by Stacie Michelle Fejtek All Rights Reserved iv DEDICATION This thesis is dedicated to my family and friends who have encouraged and supported me through the trials and challenges that accompany such an undertaking. A special thanks to Colby Smith who believed in me even when I didn’t believe in myself. v “Whatever you are be a good one” -Abraham Lincoln vi ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS The Effects of Irradiance in Determining the Vertical Distribution of Elk Kelp, Pelagophycus porra by Stacie Michelle Fejtek Master of Science in Biology San Diego State University, 2008 Elk Kelp, Pelagophycus porra, is commonly observed in deep (20-30 m) water along the outer edge of Giant Kelp, Macrocystis pyrifera, beds in southern California, USA and northern Baja California, MEX, but rarely occurs in shallower water or within beds of M. pyrifera. Due to the nature of P. porra’s heteromorphic life history that alternates between a macroscopic diploid sporophyte and a microscopic haploid gametophyte, investigations of both life history stages were needed to understand P. -
Macrocystis Pyrifera: Interpopulation Comparisons and Temporal Variability
MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES Published December 15 Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. Copper toxicity to microscopic stages of giant kelp Macrocystis pyrifera: interpopulation comparisons and temporal variability ' Institute of Marine Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz. California 95064, USA Marine Pollution Studies Laboratory, California Department of Fish and Game, Coast Route 1, Granite Canyon, Monterey, California 93940, USA* ABSTRACT: Experiments were conducted to evaluate temporal and geographic variation in sensitivity of microscopic stages of giant kelp Macrocystis pyrifera to copper. Spores from kelp sporophylls collected from different locations and at different times of the year were exposed to series of copper concentrations following a standard toxicity test procedure. After 48 h static exposures, toxicity was determined by measuring 2 test endpoints: germination success and growth of germination tubes. The sensitivity of these endpoints to copper was also compared with the sensitivity of longer-term reproduc- tive endpoints: sporophyte production and sporophyte growth. No significant differences in response to copper were found among spores from different collection sites. Variability between 4 tests conducted quarterly throughout the year was greater than that between 3 tests done consecutively within 1 mo, indicating temporal variability in response to copper. Long-term reproductive endpoints were more sensitive to copper than were short-term vegetative endpoints, with No Observed Effect Concentrations of < 10 pg 1-' for sporophyte production, 10 yg 1-I for sporophyte growth, 10 yg 1-' for germ-tube growth, and 50 yg 1-I for germination inhibition. INTRODUCTION ductive failure, or growth of sensitive life stages (Bay et al. 1983, Lussier et al. 1985, ASTM 1987, Dinnel et al. -
Riot and Dance ANSWER KEY2.Indd
REVIEW QUESTIONS ANSWER KEY 2 the riot and the dance teacher’s guide • answer key Chapter 1 10. Draw a water molecule (H2O) showing orbitals and shared electrons (atomic 1. A substance that has distinct chemical number of hydrogen: 1). properties and cannot be broken down into simpler substances by normal chemical means is a(n) element. 2. The smallest unit of an element is a(n) atom. 3. Two or more atoms bonded together is a(n) molecule. 4. A molecule containing two or more elements is a(n) compound. 5. The two subatomic particles contained in the nucleus of an atom are neutrons and protons. What are their charges? Neutral and positive. 6. The subatomic particles contained in the shells orbiting the nucleus are the electrons. Charge? Negative. 7. Atomic number is the number of protons in an atom. 11. A complete transfer of electrons from one 8. Atomic weight or mass number is the sum atom to another resulting in oppositely of protons and neutrons. charged atoms sticking together is called 9. Draw an oxygen atom (atomic number: 8). a(n) ionic bond. 12. When atoms are joined together because they are sharing electrons it is called a(n) covalent bond. 13. In a polar covalent bond how are the electrons being distributed in the molecule? The atoms with the greatest pull on the shared electrons will cause the electrons to swarm around them more than the weaker atoms. 14. In a non-polar covalent bond how are the electrons being distributed in the molecule? The atoms involved have an equal pull on the shared electrons and consequently the electrons are equally distributed between the two or more atoms. -
Algae & Marine Plants of Point Reyes
Algae & Marine Plants of Point Reyes Green Algae or Chlorophyta Genus/Species Common Name Acrosiphonia coalita Green rope, Tangled weed Blidingia minima Blidingia minima var. vexata Dwarf sea hair Bryopsis corticulans Cladophora columbiana Green tuft alga Codium fragile subsp. californicum Sea staghorn Codium setchellii Smooth spongy cushion, Green spongy cushion Trentepohlia aurea Ulva californica Ulva fenestrata Sea lettuce Ulva intestinalis Sea hair, Sea lettuce, Gutweed, Grass kelp Ulva linza Ulva taeniata Urospora sp. Brown Algae or Ochrophyta Genus/Species Common Name Alaria marginata Ribbon kelp, Winged kelp Analipus japonicus Fir branch seaweed, Sea fir Coilodesme californica Dactylosiphon bullosus Desmarestia herbacea Desmarestia latifrons Egregia menziesii Feather boa Fucus distichus Bladderwrack, Rockweed Haplogloia andersonii Anderson's gooey brown Laminaria setchellii Southern stiff-stiped kelp Laminaria sinclairii Leathesia marina Sea cauliflower Melanosiphon intestinalis Twisted sea tubes Nereocystis luetkeana Bull kelp, Bullwhip kelp, Bladder wrack, Edible kelp, Ribbon kelp Pelvetiopsis limitata Petalonia fascia False kelp Petrospongium rugosum Phaeostrophion irregulare Sand-scoured false kelp Pterygophora californica Woody-stemmed kelp, Stalked kelp, Walking kelp Ralfsia sp. Silvetia compressa Rockweed Stephanocystis osmundacea Page 1 of 4 Red Algae or Rhodophyta Genus/Species Common Name Ahnfeltia fastigiata Bushy Ahnfelt's seaweed Ahnfeltiopsis linearis Anisocladella pacifica Bangia sp. Bossiella dichotoma Bossiella -
Icelandic Geothermal Kelp – Specifications
Icelandic Geothermal Kelp – Specifications Laminaria digitata Certified 100% Organic PRODUCT DESCRIPTION Species Laminaria digitata Plant Part Milled Sea Vegetation (whole thallus) Processing Method Sustainable harvest, controlled geothermal low-temperature drying Country of Origin Iceland Primary Active Phytonutrients, Iodine and other micronutrients Recommended Daily Serving 50 milligrams* Particle Size Granules and Powder Color Green Aroma Mild marine odor Taste Salty Storage Dry area Shelf Life Best used within 60-months Packaging 25 kg. (55 lbs.); Multi-walled Kraft bag; easy-pour spout Certificates Certified 100% Organic by QAI; Certified Kosher by Star-K ANALYSIS Activity 2500-7500 ppm (0.25 – 0.75%) Iodine Moisture NMT 10% Test Methods Ash NMT 50% Lead NMT 5 ppm ICP-MS Inorganic Arsenic NMT 30 ppm IC-ICP-MS Cadmium NMT 1.5 ppm ICP-MS Mercury NMT 0.05 ppm ICP-MS Aerobic Plate Count <10,000 CFU/g FDA BAM 3 Total Coliform <1,000 CFU/g FDA BAM 4 Microbial E. coli N/D (<10 CFU/g) FDA BAM 4 Salmonella Negative (ND/25g) AOAC-989.09 Yeast/Mold <2,500 CFU/g each FDA BAM 18 Thorvin contains over 60 minerals, vitamins, amino acids, and beneficial phytonutrients. Thorvin is a 100% natural organic marine algae product; therefore, a specific laboratory analysis may vary from the typical analysis due to naturally occurring fluctuations in the sea plant. The information presented above is believed to be accurate and reliable; however, Thorvin, Inc. makes no warranty, either express or implied, and assumes no liability for this information and the product described herein. These are averages and are not guaranteed as conditions of sale. -
Marlin Marine Information Network Information on the Species and Habitats Around the Coasts and Sea of the British Isles
MarLIN Marine Information Network Information on the species and habitats around the coasts and sea of the British Isles Sugar kelp (Saccharina latissima) MarLIN – Marine Life Information Network Biology and Sensitivity Key Information Review Nicola White & Charlotte Marshall 2007-09-06 A report from: The Marine Life Information Network, Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. Please note. This MarESA report is a dated version of the online review. Please refer to the website for the most up-to-date version [https://www.marlin.ac.uk/species/detail/1375]. All terms and the MarESA methodology are outlined on the website (https://www.marlin.ac.uk) This review can be cited as: White, N. & Marshall, C.E. 2007. Saccharina latissima Sugar kelp. In Tyler-Walters H. and Hiscock K. (eds) Marine Life Information Network: Biology and Sensitivity Key Information Reviews, [on-line]. Plymouth: Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.17031/marlinsp.1375.1 The information (TEXT ONLY) provided by the Marine Life Information Network (MarLIN) is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial-Share Alike 2.0 UK: England & Wales License. Note that images and other media featured on this page are each governed by their own terms and conditions and they may or may not be available for reuse. Permissions beyond the scope of this license are available here. Based on a work at www.marlin.ac.uk (page left blank) Date: 2007-09-06 Sugar kelp (Saccharina latissima) - Marine Life Information Network See online review for distribution map Buoy line with Saccharina latissima. -
And Red Sea Urchins
NEGATIVELY CORRELATED ABUNDANCE SUGGESTS COMPETITION BETWEEN RED ABALONE (Haliotis rufescens) AND RED SEA URCHINS (Mesocentrotus franciscanus) INSIDE AND OUTSIDE ESTABLISHED MPAs CLOSED TO COMMERCIAL SEA URCHIN HARVEST IN NORTHERN CALIFORNIA By Johnathan Centoni A Thesis Presented to The Faculty of Humboldt State University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science in Biology Committee Membership Dr. Sean Craig, Committee Chair Dr. Brian Tissot, Committee Member Dr. Paul Bourdeau, Committee Member Dr. Joe Tyburczy, Committee Member Dr. Erik Jules, Program Graduate Coordinator May 2018 ABSTRACT NEGATIVELY CORRELATED ABUNDANCE SUGGESTS COMPETITION BETWEEN RED ABALONE (Haliotis rufescens) AND RED SEA URCHINS (Mesocentrotus franciscanus) INSIDE AND OUTSIDE ESTABLISHED MPAs CLOSED TO COMMERCIAL SEA URCHIN HARVEST IN NORTHERN CALIFORNIA Johnathan Centoni Red abalone and sea urchins are both important herbivores that potentially compete with each other for resources like food and space along the California coast. Red abalone supported a socioeconomically important recreational fishery during this study (which was closed in 2018) and red sea urchins support an important commercial fishery. Both red sea urchins and red abalone feed on the same macroalgae (including Pterygophora californica, Laminaria setchellii, Stephanocystis osmundacea, Costaria costata, Alaria marginata, Nereocystis leutkeana), and a low abundance of this food source during the period of this project may have created a highly competitive environment for urchins and abalone. Evidence that suggests competition between red abalone and red sea urchins can be seen within data collected during the years of this study (2014-2016): a significantly higher red sea urchin density, concomitant with a significantly lower red abalone density, was observed within areas closed to commercial sea urchin harvest (in MPAs) compared to nearby reference areas open to sea urchin harvest. -
Macrocystis Mariculture in Chile : Growth Performance of Heterosis
Erschienen in: Journal of Applied Phycology ; 23 (2011), 5. - S. 819-825 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10811-010-9581-z Macrocystis mariculture in Chile: growth performance of heterosis genotype constructs under field conditions Renato Westermeier & David J. Patiño & Pedro Murúa & Dieter G. Müller Abstract Recent progress in Macrocystis mariculture is Introduction based on clonal stock cultures of gametophyte parents. Batches of up to 105 genetically identical sporophyte Macrocystis (giant kelp) is an important natural resource in seedlings can be produced at any time in the laboratory the coastal waters of Chile. Dried material is used for and explanted in the field for production of biomass. Sexual alginate production, while fresh fronds are harvested in crosses of selected Macrocystis pyrifera gametophyte large quantities as food for mariculture of herbivorous high- parents of different geographic origin along the coast of value mollusks (abalone, Haliotis rufescens and H. discus Chile showed heterosis and produced sporophyte batches hannai). Intense harvesting pressure on natural kelp beds with superior growth performance. Starting from zygotes, has led to over-exploitation damage (Vásquez 2008). This after 10 weeks in the laboratory and 5 months in the sea, situation calls for efforts to supplement the available kelp our best hybrid genotypes grew up to 11 kg fresh weight biomass by laboratory-based culture methods. per frond, which corresponds to 66 kg m 1 of line in a Traditional mariculture techniques make use of meio- commercial mariculture installation. In contrast, average spores from natural populations, which are collected and yields of 14.4 and 22 kg m 1 are reported in the literature manipulated to settle on ropes in laboratory tanks. -
Phaeophyceae – the Brown Algae
Phaeophyceae – The Brown Algae Anyone who has walked along the California seashore can easily recognize that brown algae are among the most conspicuous representatives of our local marine flora. In addition to a plethora of intertidal species, brown algae comprise the impressive kelp forests that characterize subtidal regions of California waters and those of many other regions of the world, especially along shores where coastal upwelling occurs. The brown algae, of which there are approximately 225 genera and 1400 species, are almost entirely found in the marine environment. They are the predominant algae in terms of biomass in the intertidal and subtidal zones of polar, boreal and cold temperate waters, getting progressively less abundant as latitude decreases. With the exception of a few species, they are not generally found in at depths greater than ca. 25 meters. Certain brown algae, such as the giant kelp Macrocystis, are the largest of the nonvascular plants and may reach in excess of 150 feet. Plants as large as this are found along the West Coast of North America, from Alaska to Baja California. The greatest degree of tissue differentiation found in the algae occurs in this group. No unicellular or colonial forms are known and only certain reproductive stages (zoospores and some gametes) are planktonic. The evolutionary origins of these organisms remain obscure. Many brown algae are commercially valuable either for human consumption, or as a source of natural chemicals, such as alginic acid. Many species of brown algae contain toxic chemicals as a defense against herbivores. Some systematic treatments of algae consider that the brown algae comprise a separate taxonomic Division – The Phaeophyta whereas many texts include them as a class, the Phaeophyceae in the Division Chromophyta. -
A Comprehensive Kelp Phylogeny Sheds Light on the Evolution of an T Ecosystem ⁎ Samuel Starkoa,B,C, , Marybel Soto Gomeza, Hayley Darbya, Kyle W
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 136 (2019) 138–150 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ympev A comprehensive kelp phylogeny sheds light on the evolution of an T ecosystem ⁎ Samuel Starkoa,b,c, , Marybel Soto Gomeza, Hayley Darbya, Kyle W. Demesd, Hiroshi Kawaie, Norishige Yotsukuraf, Sandra C. Lindstroma, Patrick J. Keelinga,d, Sean W. Grahama, Patrick T. Martonea,b,c a Department of Botany & Biodiversity Research Centre, The University of British Columbia, 6270 University Blvd., Vancouver V6T 1Z4, Canada b Bamfield Marine Sciences Centre, 100 Pachena Rd., Bamfield V0R 1B0, Canada c Hakai Institute, Heriot Bay, Quadra Island, Canada d Department of Zoology, The University of British Columbia, 6270 University Blvd., Vancouver V6T 1Z4, Canada e Department of Biology, Kobe University, Rokkodaicho 657-8501, Japan f Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0809, Japan ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: Reconstructing phylogenetic topologies and divergence times is essential for inferring the timing of radiations, Adaptive radiation the appearance of adaptations, and the historical biogeography of key lineages. In temperate marine ecosystems, Speciation kelps (Laminariales) drive productivity and form essential habitat but an incomplete understanding of their Kelp phylogeny has limited our ability to infer their evolutionary origins and the spatial and temporal patterns of their Laminariales diversification. Here, we -
Safety Assessment of Brown Algae-Derived Ingredients As Used in Cosmetics
Safety Assessment of Brown Algae-Derived Ingredients as Used in Cosmetics Status: Draft Report for Panel Review Release Date: August 29, 2018 Panel Meeting Date: September 24-25, 2018 The 2018 Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel members are: Chair, Wilma F. Bergfeld, M.D., F.A.C.P.; Donald V. Belsito, M.D.; Ronald A. Hill, Ph.D.; Curtis D. Klaassen, Ph.D.; Daniel C. Liebler, Ph.D.; James G. Marks, Jr., M.D.; Ronald C. Shank, Ph.D.; Thomas J. Slaga, Ph.D.; and Paul W. Snyder, D.V.M., Ph.D. The CIR Executive Director is Bart Heldreth, Ph.D. This report was prepared by Lillian C. Becker, former Scientific Analyst/Writer and Priya Cherian, Scientific Analyst/Writer. © Cosmetic Ingredient Review 1620 L Street, NW, Suite 1200 ♢ Washington, DC 20036-4702 ♢ ph 202.331.0651 ♢ fax 202.331.0088 [email protected] Distributed for Comment Only -- Do Not Cite or Quote Commitment & Credibility since 1976 Memorandum To: CIR Expert Panel Members and Liaisons From: Priya Cherian, Scientific Analyst/Writer Date: August 29, 2018 Subject: Safety Assessment of Brown Algae as Used in Cosmetics Enclosed is the Draft Report of 83 brown algae-derived ingredients as used in cosmetics. (It is identified as broalg092018rep in this pdf.) This is the first time the Panel is reviewing this document. The ingredients in this review are extracts, powders, juices, or waters derived from one or multiple species of brown algae. Information received from the Personal Care Products Council (Council) are attached: • use concentration data of brown algae and algae-derived ingredients (broalg092018data1, broalg092018data2, broalg092018data3); • Information regarding hydrolyzed fucoidan extracted from Laminaria digitata has been included in the report. -
Bull Kelp, Nereocystis Luetkeana, Abundance in Van Damme Bay, Mendocino County, California
Bull kelp, Nereocystis luetkeana, abundance in Van Damme Bay, Mendocino County, California Item Type monograph Authors Barns, Allison; Kalvass, Peter Publisher California Department of Fish and Game, Marine Resources Division Download date 06/10/2021 14:12:56 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/1834/18330 State ofCalifornia The Resources Agency DEPARTMENT OF FISH AND GAME BULL KELP, NEREOCYSTIS LUETKEANA, ABUNDANCE IN VAN DAMME BAY, MENDOCINO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA by ALLISON BARNS and PETER KALVASS MARINE RESOURCES DIVISION Administrative Report No. 93-6 1993 Bull Kelp, Nereocystis luetkeana, Abundance in Van Damme Bay, Mendocino County, California1 by Allison Barns2 and Peter Kalvass3 ABSTRACT Size and density data were collected for Nereocystis luetkeana sporophytes from kelp beds in Van Damme Bay, Mendocino County during May, June and July 1990. Length and weight measurements were made on individual plants from representative size groups collected from depths of 6.1 m and 12.2 m. Mean sporophyte weight was 268 g (SD 393 g), while mean stipe length was 214 cm (SD 275 cm). Densities were determined separately for those plants which had reached the surface and for all plants within the water column. Sixty five 12.7 m2 surface quadrats yielded mean surface densities of 2.2 (SD 1.5) and 2.7 plants/m2 (SD 1.3) in June and July, respectively. Individual plants were counted within 42 1x5 m plots along benthic transect lines yielding average densities of 2.7 (SD 4.5) and 5.2 plants/m2 (SD 3.0) in May and July, respectively. Combined density and size data from July 1990 and kelp bed area estimates from fall 1988 for Van Damme Bay yielded a biomass estimate of 640 metric tons distributed over 45.7 hectares.