Safety Assessment of Brown Algae-Derived Ingredients As Used in Cosmetics
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Mechanisms of Ecosystem Stability for Kelp Beds in Urban Environments
Mechanisms of ecosystem stability for kelp beds in urban environments By Simon E Reeves November 2017 Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies I DECLARATIONS This declaration certifies that: (i) This thesis contains no material that has been accepted for a degree or diploma by the University or any other institution. (ii) The work contained in this thesis, except where otherwise acknowledged, is the result of my own investigations. (iii) Due acknowledgement has been made in the text to all other material used (iv) The thesis is less than 100,000 words in length, exclusive of tables, maps, bibliographies and appendices. Signed: (Simon Reeves) Date: 1/12/2017 Statement of authority of access This thesis may be available for loan and limited copying in accordance with the Copyright Act 1968. Signed: (Simon Reeves) Date: 1/12/2017 II 20/7/18 ABSTRACT Ecologists have long been interested in determining the role biotic relationships play in natural systems. Even Darwin envisioned natural systems as "bound together by a web of complex relations”, noting how “complex and unexpected are the checks and relations between organic beings” (On the Origin of Species, 1859, pp 81-83). Any event or phenomenon that alters the implicit balance in the web of interactions, to any degree, can potentially facilitate a re-organisation in structure that can lead to a wholescale change to the stability of a natural system. As a result of the increasing diversity and intensity of anthropogenic stressors on ecosystems, previously well-understood biotic interactions and emergent ecological functions are being altered, requiring a reappraisal of their effects. -
27April12acquatic Plants
International Plant Protection Convention Protecting the world’s plant resources from pests 01 2012 ENG Aquatic plants their uses and risks Implementation Review and Support System Support and Review Implementation A review of the global status of aquatic plants Aquatic plants their uses and risks A review of the global status of aquatic plants Ryan M. Wersal, Ph.D. & John D. Madsen, Ph.D. i The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of speciic companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned.All rights reserved. FAO encourages reproduction and dissemination of material in this information product. Non-commercial uses will be authorized free of charge, upon request. Reproduction for resale or other commercial purposes, including educational purposes, may incur fees. Applications for permission to reproduce or disseminate FAO copyright materials, and all queries concerning rights and licences, should be addressed by e-mail to [email protected] or to the Chief, Publishing Policy and Support Branch, Ofice of Knowledge Exchange, -
Marine Ecology Progress Series 483:117
Vol. 483: 117–131, 2013 MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES Published May 30 doi: 10.3354/meps10261 Mar Ecol Prog Ser Variation in the morphology, reproduction and development of the habitat-forming kelp Ecklonia radiata with changing temperature and nutrients Christopher J. T. Mabin1,*, Paul E. Gribben2, Andrew Fischer1, Jeffrey T. Wright1 1National Centre for Marine Conservation and Resource Sustainability (NCMCRS), Australian Maritime College, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania 7250, Australia 2Biodiversity Research Group, Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia ABSTRACT: Increasing ocean temperatures are a threat to kelp forests in several regions of the world. In this study, we examined how changes in ocean temperature and associated nitrate concentrations driven by the strengthening of the East Australian Current (EAC) will influence the morphology, reproduction and development of the widespread kelp Ecklonia radiata in south- eastern Australia. E. radiata morphology and reproduction were examined at sites in New South Wales (NSW) and Tasmania, where sea surface temperature differs by ~5°C, and a laboratory experiment was conducted to test the interactive effects of temperature and nutrients on E. radiata development. E. radiata size and amount of reproductive tissue were generally greater in the cooler waters of Tasmania compared to NSW. Importantly, one morphological trait (lamina length) was a strong predictor of the amount of reproductive tissue, suggesting that morphological changes in response to increased temperature may influence reproductive capacity in E. radiata. Growth of gametophytes was optimum between 15 and 22°C and decreased by >50% above 22°C. Microscopic sporophytes were also largest between 15 and 22°C, but no sporophytes developed above 22°C, highlighting a potentially critical upper temperature threshold for E. -
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MarLIN Marine Information Network Information on the species and habitats around the coasts and sea of the British Isles Dabberlocks (Alaria esculenta) MarLIN – Marine Life Information Network Biology and Sensitivity Key Information Review Dr Harvey Tyler-Walters 2008-05-29 A report from: The Marine Life Information Network, Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. Please note. This MarESA report is a dated version of the online review. Please refer to the website for the most up-to-date version [https://www.marlin.ac.uk/species/detail/1291]. All terms and the MarESA methodology are outlined on the website (https://www.marlin.ac.uk) This review can be cited as: Tyler-Walters, H., 2008. Alaria esculenta Dabberlocks. In Tyler-Walters H. and Hiscock K. (eds) Marine Life Information Network: Biology and Sensitivity Key Information Reviews, [on-line]. Plymouth: Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.17031/marlinsp.1291.1 The information (TEXT ONLY) provided by the Marine Life Information Network (MarLIN) is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial-Share Alike 2.0 UK: England & Wales License. Note that images and other media featured on this page are each governed by their own terms and conditions and they may or may not be available for reuse. Permissions beyond the scope of this license are available here. Based on a work at www.marlin.ac.uk (page left blank) Date: 2008-05-29 Dabberlocks (Alaria esculenta) - Marine Life Information Network See online review for distribution map Exposed sublittoral fringe bedrock with Alaria esculenta, Isles of Scilly. -
Optimization of Seedling Production Using Vegetative Gametophytes Of
Optimization of seedling production using vegetative gametophytes of Alaria esculenta Aires Duarte Mestrado em Biologia Funcional e Biotecnologia de Plantas Departamento de Biologia 2017 Orientador Isabel Sousa Pinto, associate professor, CIIMAR Coorientador Jorunn Skjermo, Senior Scientist, SINTEF OCEAN 2 3 Acknowledgments First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to: professor Isabel Sousa Pinto of Universidade do Porto and senior research scientist Jorunn Skjermo of SINTEF ocean. From the beginning I had an interest to work aboard with macroalgae, after talking with prof. Isabel Sousa Pinto about this interest, she immediately suggested me a few places that I could look over. One of the suggestions was SINTEF ocean where I got to know Jorunn Skjermo. The door to Jorunn’s office was always open whenever I ran into a trouble spot or had a question about my research. She consistently allowed this study to be my own work, but steered me in the right the direction whenever she thought I needed it. Thank you!! I want to thank Isabel Azevedo, Silje Forbord and Kristine Steinhovden for all the guidance provided in the beginning and until the end of my internship. I would also like to thank the experts who were involved in the different subjects of my research project: Arne Malzahn, Torfinn Solvang-Garten, Trond Storseth and to the amazing team of SINTEF ocean. I also want to thank my master’s director professor Paula Melo, who was a relentless person from the first day, always taking care of her “little F1 plants”. A huge thanks to my fellows Mónica Costa, Fernando Pagels and Leonor Martins for all the days and nights that we spent working and studying hard. -
Medicinal Values of Seaweeds
Medicinal Values of Seaweeds Authors Abdul Kader Mohiuddin Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmacy, World University, Dhanmondi, Dhaka, Bangladesh Publication Month and Year: November 2019 Pages: 69 E-BOOK ISBN: 978-81-943354-3-6 Academic Publications C-11, 169, Sector-3, Rohini, Delhi Website: www.publishbookonline.com Email: [email protected] Phone: +91-9999744933 Page | 1 Page | 2 Medicinal Values of Seaweeds Abstract The global economic effect of the five driving chronic diseases- malignancy, diabetes, psychological instability, CVD, and respiratory disease- could reach $47 trillion throughout the following 20 years, as indicated by an examination by the World Economic Forum (WEF). As per the WHO, 80% of the total people principally those of developing countries depend on plant- inferred medicines for social insurance. The indicated efficacies of seaweed inferred phytochemicals are demonstrating incredible potential in obesity, T2DM, metabolic syndrome, CVD, IBD, sexual dysfunction and a few cancers. Hence, WHO, UN-FAO, UNICEF and governments have indicated a developing enthusiasm for these offbeat nourishments with wellbeing advancing impacts. Edible marine macro-algae (seaweed) are of intrigue in view of their incentive in nutrition and medicine. Seaweeds contain a few bioactive substances like polysaccharides, proteins, lipids, polyphenols, and pigments, all of which may have useful wellbeing properties. People devour seaweed as nourishment in different structures: crude as salad and vegetable, pickle with sauce or with vinegar, relish or improved jams and furthermore cooked for vegetable soup. By cultivating seaweed, coastal people are getting an alternative livelihood just as propelling their lives. In 2005, world seaweed generation totaled 14.7 million tons which has dramatically increased (30.4 million tons) in 2015. -
Seaweed Harvesting and Processing
FISHERIES DIVERSIFICATION PROGRAM Productivity and Product Enhancement Project Summary: FDP 17 2002 Sea Kelp Health Products Developed and Marketing Goals Pursued This project involves the marketing and development of certain types of seaweed or kelp found near Ramea as new health food products. This project assisted Newfoundland Aqua Products Inc. (NAPI) with the design and con- struction of a prototype food grade product shredder, the hiring of a full-time marketing person and improvements to the company website - www.nfkelp.com. Background Newfoundland Aqua Products Inc. produced and sold the first encapsulated marine plant One of many kelp products available. nutritional supplements every manufactured in Newfoundland at Ramea in 1998. From the Methodology harvesting to the bottling and labeling, all This company has been inspected and is reg- aspects of the creation of these new kelp ulated by the Canadian Food Inspection products were completed in this province. Agency. Their harvesting sites and process- One main goal since those times has been to ing methods are Certified Organic. The try and secure a number of contracts with dis- species available in commercial quantities tributors and manufacturers for their products are Laminaria digitata, Ascophyllum under the SeaviteTM name. The company nodosum, fucus species and alaria esculenta. also sought others who would be interested in The company employs up to 11 people who buying bulk amounts of their products. The harvest the marine vegetables with knives company has been told by a number of busi- and scissors. The company has been careful ness contacts that the marine plant industry to develop a harvesting plan based on an has great potential and is just at the start of its approved crop rotation system with a strong growth potential as people accept marine priority on sustainability. -
Plant Life MagillS Encyclopedia of Science
MAGILLS ENCYCLOPEDIA OF SCIENCE PLANT LIFE MAGILLS ENCYCLOPEDIA OF SCIENCE PLANT LIFE Volume 4 Sustainable Forestry–Zygomycetes Indexes Editor Bryan D. Ness, Ph.D. Pacific Union College, Department of Biology Project Editor Christina J. Moose Salem Press, Inc. Pasadena, California Hackensack, New Jersey Editor in Chief: Dawn P. Dawson Managing Editor: Christina J. Moose Photograph Editor: Philip Bader Manuscript Editor: Elizabeth Ferry Slocum Production Editor: Joyce I. Buchea Assistant Editor: Andrea E. Miller Page Design and Graphics: James Hutson Research Supervisor: Jeffry Jensen Layout: William Zimmerman Acquisitions Editor: Mark Rehn Illustrator: Kimberly L. Dawson Kurnizki Copyright © 2003, by Salem Press, Inc. All rights in this book are reserved. No part of this work may be used or reproduced in any manner what- soever or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy,recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. For information address the publisher, Salem Press, Inc., P.O. Box 50062, Pasadena, California 91115. Some of the updated and revised essays in this work originally appeared in Magill’s Survey of Science: Life Science (1991), Magill’s Survey of Science: Life Science, Supplement (1998), Natural Resources (1998), Encyclopedia of Genetics (1999), Encyclopedia of Environmental Issues (2000), World Geography (2001), and Earth Science (2001). ∞ The paper used in these volumes conforms to the American National Standard for Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, Z39.48-1992 (R1997). Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Magill’s encyclopedia of science : plant life / edited by Bryan D. -
Cultivating the Macroalgal Holobiont: Effects of Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture on the Microbiome of Ulva Rigida (Chlorophyta)
fmars-07-00052 February 10, 2020 Time: 15:0 # 1 ORIGINAL RESEARCH published: 12 February 2020 doi: 10.3389/fmars.2020.00052 Cultivating the Macroalgal Holobiont: Effects of Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture on the Microbiome of Ulva rigida (Chlorophyta) Gianmaria Califano1, Michiel Kwantes1, Maria Helena Abreu2, Rodrigo Costa3,4,5 and Thomas Wichard1,6* 1 Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany, 2 ALGAplus Lda, Ílhavo, Portugal, 3 Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal, 4 Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal, 5 Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States, 6 Jena School for Microbial Communication, Jena, Germany Ulva is a ubiquitous macroalgal genus of commercial interest. Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture (IMTA) systems promise large-scale production of macroalgae due to Edited by: their high productivity and environmental sustainability. Complex host–microbiome Bernardo Antonio Perez Da Gama, interactions play a decisive role in macroalgal development, especially in Ulva spp. Universidade Federal Fluminense, due to algal growth- and morphogenesis-promoting factors released by associated Brazil bacteria. However, our current understanding of the microbial community assembly and Reviewed by: Alejandro H. Buschmann, structure in cultivated macroalgae is scant. We aimed to determine (i) to what extent University of Los Lagos, Chile IMTA settings influence the microbiome associated with U. rigida and its rearing water, (ii) Henrique Fragoso Santos, to explore the dynamics of beneficial microbes to algal growth and development under Universidade Federal Fluminense, Brazil IMTA settings, and (iii) to improve current knowledge of host–microbiome interactions. -
Improved Growth of Hydroponically Grown Rough Lemon (Citrus Jambhiri Lush) Seedlings Treated with Kelp and Vermicast Extracts
Improved growth of hydroponically grown rough lemon (Citrus jambhiri lush) seedlings treated with kelp and vermicast extracts by LINDSAY MUCHENA Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree MSc (Agric) Horticulture In the Department of Plant Production and Soil Sciences University of Pretoria Supervisor: Mr J.T. Vahrmeijer Co-Supervisors: Dr D. Marais Prof E.S. du Toit June 2017 Declaration I, Lindsay Muchena do hereby declare that this dissertation, which I do hereby submit for the degree of Master of Science in Horticulture at University of Pretoria, is my own work and has never been submitted by myself at any other academic institution. Except where duly acknowledged, the research work reported herein is as a result of my own investigations. L Muchena Signature: June 2017 i Acknowledgements I would like to express my deepest gratitude to: My Lord and Saviour, Lord Jesus Christ, for his divine guidance throughout my studies. Mr JT Vahrmeijer, Dr D Marais and Prof ES du Toit for their solid assistance throughout my studies. Dr NJ Taylor for assisting me with the photosynthesis equipment. My husband, Mathew Banda for helping me with manual work, data collection and moral support during experiments. Lucy Muchena, for assisting me to change nutrient solutions and for moral support throughout the course of my studies. The Citrus Research International (CRI) and Citrus academy for funding. My family and friends for their unwavering support. ii Conference contributions Oral Presentations L Muchena, JT Vahrmeijer, D Marais and ES du Toit, 2017. Improved growth of hydroponically grown rough lemon (Citrus jambhiri lush) seedlings treated with kelp and compost extracts. -
Kelp Aquaculture
Aquaculture in Shared Waters Kelp Aquaculture Sarah Redmond1 ; Samuel Belknap2 ; Rebecca Clark Uchenna3 “Kelp” are large brown marine macroalgae species native to New England and traditionally wild harvested for food. There are three commercially important kelp species in Maine—sugar kelp (Saccharina latissima), winged kelp (Alaria esculenta), and horsetail kelp (Laminaria digitata). Maine is developing techniques for culturing kelp on sea farms as a way for fishermen and farmers to diversify their operations while providing a unique, high quality, nutritious vegetable seafood for new and existing markets. Kelp is grown on submerged horizontal long lines on leased sea farms from September to May, making it a “winter crop” for Maine. The simple farm design, winter season, and relatively low startup costs allow for new and existing sea farmers to experiment with this newly developing type of aquaculture on Maine’s coast. “Kelp” can refer to sugar kelp (Saccharina latissima), Alaria (Alaria esculenta), or horsetail kelp (Laminaria digitata). Sugar kelp has been cultivated in Maine for several years, and successful experimental cultivation has been done with species such as Alaria. These photos are examples of the cultivation stages of sugar kelp. Microscopic Seeded kelp line Kelp line at time of kelp seed harvest 1 Sarah Redmond • Marine Extension Associate, Maine Sea Grant College Program and University of Maine Cooperative Extension 33 Salmon Farm Road Franklin, ME • 207.422.6289 • [email protected] 2 Samuel Belknap • University of Maine • 234C South Stevens Hall Orono, ME • 207.992.7726 • [email protected] 3 Rebecca Clark Uchenna • Island Institute • Rockland, ME • 207.691.2505 • [email protected] Is there a viable market for Q: kelps grown in Maine? aine is home to a handful of consumers are looking for healthier industry, the existing producers and Mcompanies that harvest sea alternatives. -
Interaction Between the Canopy Dwelling Echinoid Holopneustes Purpurescens and Its Host Kelp Ecklonia Radia Ta
MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES Vol. 127: 169-181, 1995 Published November 2 Mar Ecol Prog Ser 1 Interaction between the canopy dwelling echinoid Holopneustes purpurescens and its host kelp Ecklonia radia ta Peter D. Steinberg* School of Biological Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia ABSTRACT: I examined the interaction between the unusual, canopy dwelling echinoid Holopneustes purpurescens and its main host plant, the kelp Ecklonia radiata. During a 4 yr study at Cape Banks, New South Wales, Australia, H. purpurescens reached densities as high as 1 ind. per thallus of E. rad~ataand >l7 mw2,with densities declining strongly in the latter years of the study. These sea urchins also occurred, although at lower densities, on the dictyotalean alga Homoeostrichus sinclairii. H. pur- purescens consumed laminae of E. radiata in the field at the rate of -1 g large ind.-l (diameter >40 mm) d'l Consumption by the sea urchins was not affected by variation in phlorotannin levels among lami- nae. The impact of feeding by H. purpurescens on E. radiata, measured as (1) changes in the biomass of the kelps and (2) changes in thallus elongation rates, was examined in field experiments done in 2 seasons in which different numbers and sizes of sea urchins were caged with individual E. radiata. In spring, all densities and sizes of H. purpurescens caused significant damage (biomass) to E. radiata after 4 wk, and higher densities (2 per kelp thallus) of large sea urch~nsresulted in kelp mortality. No measurable damage occurred in autumn, with all kelps losing large amounts of biomass.