Optimization of Seedling Production Using Vegetative Gametophytes Of
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Icelandic Geothermal Kelp – Specifications
Icelandic Geothermal Kelp – Specifications Laminaria digitata Certified 100% Organic PRODUCT DESCRIPTION Species Laminaria digitata Plant Part Milled Sea Vegetation (whole thallus) Processing Method Sustainable harvest, controlled geothermal low-temperature drying Country of Origin Iceland Primary Active Phytonutrients, Iodine and other micronutrients Recommended Daily Serving 50 milligrams* Particle Size Granules and Powder Color Green Aroma Mild marine odor Taste Salty Storage Dry area Shelf Life Best used within 60-months Packaging 25 kg. (55 lbs.); Multi-walled Kraft bag; easy-pour spout Certificates Certified 100% Organic by QAI; Certified Kosher by Star-K ANALYSIS Activity 2500-7500 ppm (0.25 – 0.75%) Iodine Moisture NMT 10% Test Methods Ash NMT 50% Lead NMT 5 ppm ICP-MS Inorganic Arsenic NMT 30 ppm IC-ICP-MS Cadmium NMT 1.5 ppm ICP-MS Mercury NMT 0.05 ppm ICP-MS Aerobic Plate Count <10,000 CFU/g FDA BAM 3 Total Coliform <1,000 CFU/g FDA BAM 4 Microbial E. coli N/D (<10 CFU/g) FDA BAM 4 Salmonella Negative (ND/25g) AOAC-989.09 Yeast/Mold <2,500 CFU/g each FDA BAM 18 Thorvin contains over 60 minerals, vitamins, amino acids, and beneficial phytonutrients. Thorvin is a 100% natural organic marine algae product; therefore, a specific laboratory analysis may vary from the typical analysis due to naturally occurring fluctuations in the sea plant. The information presented above is believed to be accurate and reliable; however, Thorvin, Inc. makes no warranty, either express or implied, and assumes no liability for this information and the product described herein. These are averages and are not guaranteed as conditions of sale. -
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MarLIN Marine Information Network Information on the species and habitats around the coasts and sea of the British Isles Dabberlocks (Alaria esculenta) MarLIN – Marine Life Information Network Biology and Sensitivity Key Information Review Dr Harvey Tyler-Walters 2008-05-29 A report from: The Marine Life Information Network, Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. Please note. This MarESA report is a dated version of the online review. Please refer to the website for the most up-to-date version [https://www.marlin.ac.uk/species/detail/1291]. All terms and the MarESA methodology are outlined on the website (https://www.marlin.ac.uk) This review can be cited as: Tyler-Walters, H., 2008. Alaria esculenta Dabberlocks. In Tyler-Walters H. and Hiscock K. (eds) Marine Life Information Network: Biology and Sensitivity Key Information Reviews, [on-line]. Plymouth: Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.17031/marlinsp.1291.1 The information (TEXT ONLY) provided by the Marine Life Information Network (MarLIN) is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial-Share Alike 2.0 UK: England & Wales License. Note that images and other media featured on this page are each governed by their own terms and conditions and they may or may not be available for reuse. Permissions beyond the scope of this license are available here. Based on a work at www.marlin.ac.uk (page left blank) Date: 2008-05-29 Dabberlocks (Alaria esculenta) - Marine Life Information Network See online review for distribution map Exposed sublittoral fringe bedrock with Alaria esculenta, Isles of Scilly. -
Seaweed Harvesting and Processing
FISHERIES DIVERSIFICATION PROGRAM Productivity and Product Enhancement Project Summary: FDP 17 2002 Sea Kelp Health Products Developed and Marketing Goals Pursued This project involves the marketing and development of certain types of seaweed or kelp found near Ramea as new health food products. This project assisted Newfoundland Aqua Products Inc. (NAPI) with the design and con- struction of a prototype food grade product shredder, the hiring of a full-time marketing person and improvements to the company website - www.nfkelp.com. Background Newfoundland Aqua Products Inc. produced and sold the first encapsulated marine plant One of many kelp products available. nutritional supplements every manufactured in Newfoundland at Ramea in 1998. From the Methodology harvesting to the bottling and labeling, all This company has been inspected and is reg- aspects of the creation of these new kelp ulated by the Canadian Food Inspection products were completed in this province. Agency. Their harvesting sites and process- One main goal since those times has been to ing methods are Certified Organic. The try and secure a number of contracts with dis- species available in commercial quantities tributors and manufacturers for their products are Laminaria digitata, Ascophyllum under the SeaviteTM name. The company nodosum, fucus species and alaria esculenta. also sought others who would be interested in The company employs up to 11 people who buying bulk amounts of their products. The harvest the marine vegetables with knives company has been told by a number of busi- and scissors. The company has been careful ness contacts that the marine plant industry to develop a harvesting plan based on an has great potential and is just at the start of its approved crop rotation system with a strong growth potential as people accept marine priority on sustainability. -
The Giant Sea Mammal That Went Extinct in Less Than Three Decades
The Giant Sea Mammal That Went Extinct in Less Than Three Decades The quick disappearance of the 30-foot animal helped to usher in the modern science of human-caused extinctions. JACOB MIKANOWSKI, THE ATLANTIC 4/19/17 HTTPS://WWW.THEATLANTIC.COM/SCIENCE/ARCHIVE/2017/04/PLEIST OSEACOW/522831/ The Pleistocene, the geologic era immediately preceding our own, was an age of giants. North America was home to mastodons and saber-tooth cats; mammoths and wooly rhinos roamed Eurasia; giant lizards and bear-sized wombats strode across the Australian outback. Most of these giants died at the by the end of the last Ice Age, some 14,000 years ago. Whether this wave of extinctions was caused by climate change, overhunting by humans, or some combination of both remains a subject of intense debate among scientists. Complicating the picture, though, is the fact that a few Pleistocene giants survived the Quaternary extinction event and nearly made it intact to the present. Most of these survivor species found refuge on islands. Giant sloths were still living on Cuba 6,000 years ago, long after their relatives on the mainland had died out. The last wooly mammoths died out just 4,000 years ago. They lived in a small herd on Wrangel Island north of the Bering Strait between the Chukchi and East Siberian Seas. Two-thousand years ago, gorilla-sized lemurs were still living on Madagascar. A thousand years ago, 12-foot-tall moa birds were still foraging in the forests of New Zealand. Unlike the other long-lived megafauna, Steller’s sea cows, one of the last of the Pleistocene survivors to die out, found their refuge in a remote scrape of the ocean instead of on land. -
Nest Spacing in Elegant Terns: Hexagonal Packing Revisited Charles T
WESTERN BIRDS Volume 39, Number 2, 2008 NEST SPACING IN ELEGANT TERNS: HEXAGONAL PACKING REVISITED CHARLES T. COLLINS and MICHAEL D. TAYLOR, Department of Biological Sci- ences, California State University, Long Beach, California 90840 (current address of Taylor: Santiago Canyon College, 8045 East Chapman Ave., Orange, California 92869); [email protected] ABSTRACT: Within an important breeding colony in southern California, Elegant Terns (Thalasseus elegans) nest in one to several tightly packed clusters. Inter-nest distances within these clusters average 31.2 cm. This value is less than that reported for the larger-bodied Royal Tern (T. maximus) and Great Crested Tern (T. bergii). For Elegant Terns, the modal number of adjacent nests was six (range 5–7). This type of nest arrangement has been previously described as hexagonal packing and now appears to be typical of all Thalasseus terns for which data are available. Many seabirds nest in large, often traditional, colonies (Coulson 2002, Schreiber and Burger 2002). The ontogeny of annual colony formation has been reviewed by Kharitonov and Siegel-Causey (1988), and the evolution- ary processes which have led to coloniality have been considered by a number of authors (Lack 1968, Fischer and Lockley 1974, Wittenburger and Hunt 1985, Siegel-Causey and Kharitonov 1990, Coulson 2002). Seabird colonies may be rather loosely organized aggregations of breeding pairs of one to several species at a single site. At the other extreme, they may be dense, tightly packed, largely monospecific clusters where distances between nests are minimal. A graphic example of the latter is the dense clustering of nests recorded for several species of crested terns (Buckley and Buckley 1972, 2002, Hulsman 1977, Veen 1977, Symens and Evans 1993, Burness et al. -
Safety Assessment of Brown Algae-Derived Ingredients As Used in Cosmetics
Safety Assessment of Brown Algae-Derived Ingredients as Used in Cosmetics Status: Draft Report for Panel Review Release Date: August 29, 2018 Panel Meeting Date: September 24-25, 2018 The 2018 Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel members are: Chair, Wilma F. Bergfeld, M.D., F.A.C.P.; Donald V. Belsito, M.D.; Ronald A. Hill, Ph.D.; Curtis D. Klaassen, Ph.D.; Daniel C. Liebler, Ph.D.; James G. Marks, Jr., M.D.; Ronald C. Shank, Ph.D.; Thomas J. Slaga, Ph.D.; and Paul W. Snyder, D.V.M., Ph.D. The CIR Executive Director is Bart Heldreth, Ph.D. This report was prepared by Lillian C. Becker, former Scientific Analyst/Writer and Priya Cherian, Scientific Analyst/Writer. © Cosmetic Ingredient Review 1620 L Street, NW, Suite 1200 ♢ Washington, DC 20036-4702 ♢ ph 202.331.0651 ♢ fax 202.331.0088 [email protected] Distributed for Comment Only -- Do Not Cite or Quote Commitment & Credibility since 1976 Memorandum To: CIR Expert Panel Members and Liaisons From: Priya Cherian, Scientific Analyst/Writer Date: August 29, 2018 Subject: Safety Assessment of Brown Algae as Used in Cosmetics Enclosed is the Draft Report of 83 brown algae-derived ingredients as used in cosmetics. (It is identified as broalg092018rep in this pdf.) This is the first time the Panel is reviewing this document. The ingredients in this review are extracts, powders, juices, or waters derived from one or multiple species of brown algae. Information received from the Personal Care Products Council (Council) are attached: • use concentration data of brown algae and algae-derived ingredients (broalg092018data1, broalg092018data2, broalg092018data3); • Information regarding hydrolyzed fucoidan extracted from Laminaria digitata has been included in the report. -
Hydrodamalis Gigas, Steller's Sea Cow
The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™ ISSN 2307-8235 (online) IUCN 2008: T10303A43792683 Hydrodamalis gigas, Steller's Sea Cow Assessment by: Domning, D. View on www.iucnredlist.org Citation: Domning, D. 2016. Hydrodamalis gigas. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T10303A43792683. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T10303A43792683.en Copyright: © 2016 International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources Reproduction of this publication for educational or other non-commercial purposes is authorized without prior written permission from the copyright holder provided the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction of this publication for resale, reposting or other commercial purposes is prohibited without prior written permission from the copyright holder. For further details see Terms of Use. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™ is produced and managed by the IUCN Global Species Programme, the IUCN Species Survival Commission (SSC) and The IUCN Red List Partnership. The IUCN Red List Partners are: Arizona State University; BirdLife International; Botanic Gardens Conservation International; Conservation International; NatureServe; Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew; Sapienza University of Rome; Texas A&M University; and Zoological Society of London. If you see any errors or have any questions or suggestions on what is shown in this document, please provide us with feedback so that we can correct or extend the information provided. THE IUCN RED LIST OF THREATENED SPECIES™ Taxonomy Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Animalia Chordata Mammalia Sirenia Dugongidae Taxon Name: Hydrodamalis gigas (Zimmermann, 1780) Common Name(s): • English: Steller's Sea Cow Assessment Information Red List Category & Criteria: Extinct ver 3.1 Year Published: 2016 Date Assessed: April 4, 2016 Justification: The last population of Steller's Sea Cow was discovered by a Russian expedition wrecked on Bering Island in 1741. -
Kelp Aquaculture
Aquaculture in Shared Waters Kelp Aquaculture Sarah Redmond1 ; Samuel Belknap2 ; Rebecca Clark Uchenna3 “Kelp” are large brown marine macroalgae species native to New England and traditionally wild harvested for food. There are three commercially important kelp species in Maine—sugar kelp (Saccharina latissima), winged kelp (Alaria esculenta), and horsetail kelp (Laminaria digitata). Maine is developing techniques for culturing kelp on sea farms as a way for fishermen and farmers to diversify their operations while providing a unique, high quality, nutritious vegetable seafood for new and existing markets. Kelp is grown on submerged horizontal long lines on leased sea farms from September to May, making it a “winter crop” for Maine. The simple farm design, winter season, and relatively low startup costs allow for new and existing sea farmers to experiment with this newly developing type of aquaculture on Maine’s coast. “Kelp” can refer to sugar kelp (Saccharina latissima), Alaria (Alaria esculenta), or horsetail kelp (Laminaria digitata). Sugar kelp has been cultivated in Maine for several years, and successful experimental cultivation has been done with species such as Alaria. These photos are examples of the cultivation stages of sugar kelp. Microscopic Seeded kelp line Kelp line at time of kelp seed harvest 1 Sarah Redmond • Marine Extension Associate, Maine Sea Grant College Program and University of Maine Cooperative Extension 33 Salmon Farm Road Franklin, ME • 207.422.6289 • [email protected] 2 Samuel Belknap • University of Maine • 234C South Stevens Hall Orono, ME • 207.992.7726 • [email protected] 3 Rebecca Clark Uchenna • Island Institute • Rockland, ME • 207.691.2505 • [email protected] Is there a viable market for Q: kelps grown in Maine? aine is home to a handful of consumers are looking for healthier industry, the existing producers and Mcompanies that harvest sea alternatives. -
Full Text in Pdf Format
Vol. 9: 57–71, 2017 AQUACULTURE ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS Published February 8§ doi: 10.3354/aei00215 Aquacult Environ Interact OPEN ACCESS Successional changes of epibiont fouling communities of the cultivated kelp Alaria esculenta: predictability and influences A. M. Walls1,*, M. D. Edwards1, L. B. Firth2, M. P. Johnson1 1Irish Seaweed Research Group, Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland 2School of Geography, Earth & Environmental Science, Plymouth University, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK ABSTRACT: There has been an increase in commercial-scale kelp cultivation in Europe, with fouling of cultivated kelp fronds presenting a major challenge to the growth and development of the industry. The presence of epibionts decreases productivity and impacts the commercial value of the crop. Several abiotic and biotic factors may influence the occurrence and degree of fouling of wild and cultivated fronds. Using a commercial kelp farm on the SW coast of Ireland, we studied the development of fouling communities on cultivated Alaria esculenta fronds over 2 typical grow- ing seasons. The predictability of community development was assessed by comparing mean occurrence-day. Hypotheses that depth, kelp biomass, position within the farm and the hydrody- namic environment affect the fouling communities were tested using species richness and com- munity composition. Artificial kelp mimics were used to test whether local frond density could affect the fouling communities. Species richness increased over time during both years, and spe- cies composition was consistent over years with early successional communities converging into later communities (no significant differences between June 2014 and June 2015 communities, ANOSIM; R = −0.184, p > 0.05). -
Common Edible Seaweeds in the Gulf of Alaska
eliciousor millennia, Alaska edible Natives have seaweedssubsisted COMMON EDIBLE Don the wild edibles—plants, animals, and F seaweeds—found in abundance along Alaska’s shores. In this book, Dr. Dolly Garza, a Haida-Tlingit Indian, shows you how to look for, identify, harvest, preserve, and prepare several species of seaweeds SEAWEEDS and one plant for tasty snacks or for the dinner table. IN THE GULF OF ALASKA A University of Alaska Fairbanks professor emerita, Dolly was raised in southeast Alaska Second Edition where her family routinely harvested seaweeds as a diet staple, a practice they continue today. Dolly enjoys sharing her traditional Native knowledge through presentations to Elderhostel groups, youth groups, and others. In this book she shares with you her lifetime of first-hand knowledge about the pleasures of harvesting, preparing, and eating some of the most common and delectable wild edibles found along Gulf of Alaska shores. US $10.00 CAN $10.00 DOLLY GARZA Seaweeds book cover.indd 1 3/28/12 9:30 AM COMMON EDIBLE SEAWEEDS IN THE GULF OF ALASKA Second Edition DOLLY GARZA Published by Alaska Sea Grant, University of Alaska Fairbanks SG-ED-46 Elmer E. Rasmuson Library Cataloging in Publication Data Garza, Dolly A. Common edible seaweeds in the Gulf of Alaska / Dolly Garza. — Fair- banks, Alaska : Alaska Sea Grant College Program, University of Alaska Fairbanks. p. : ill. ; cm. - (Alaska Sea Grant College Program, University of Alaska Fairbanks ; SG-ED-46) 1. Marine algae as food—Alaska—Alaska, Gulf of. 2. Cookery (Marine algae) I. Title. II. Series: Alaska Sea Grant College Program, University of Alaska Fairbanks ; SG-ED-46. -
Biodiversity of Kelp Forests and Coralline Algae Habitats in Southwestern Greenland
diversity Article Biodiversity of Kelp Forests and Coralline Algae Habitats in Southwestern Greenland Kathryn M. Schoenrock 1,2,* , Johanne Vad 3,4, Arley Muth 5, Danni M. Pearce 6, Brice R. Rea 7, J. Edward Schofield 7 and Nicholas A. Kamenos 1 1 School of Geographical and Earth Sciences, University of Glasgow, Gregory Building, Lilybank Gardens, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK; [email protected] 2 Botany and Plant Science, National University of Ireland Galway, Ryan Institute, University Rd., H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland 3 School of Engineering, Geosciences, Infrastructure and Society, Heriot-Watt University, Riccarton Campus, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK; [email protected] 4 School of Geosciences, Grant Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH28 8, UK 5 Marine Science Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, College of Natural Sciences, 750 Channel View Drive, Port Aransas, TX 78373-5015, USA; [email protected] 6 Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, Hertfordshire AL10 9AB, UK; [email protected] 7 Geography & Environment, School of Geosciences, University of Aberdeen, Elphinstone Road, Aberdeen AB24 3UF, UK; [email protected] (B.R.R.); j.e.schofi[email protected] (J.E.S.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +353-87-637-2869 Received: 22 August 2018; Accepted: 22 October 2018; Published: 25 October 2018 Abstract: All marine communities in Greenland are experiencing rapid environmental change, and to understand the effects on those structured by seaweeds, baseline records are vital. The kelp and coralline algae habitats along Greenland’s coastlines are rarely studied, and we fill this knowledge gap for the area around Nuuk, west Greenland. -
Division: Ochrophyta- 16,999 Species Order Laminariales: Class: Phaeophyceae – 2,060 Species 1
4/28/2015 Division: Ochrophyta- 16,999 species Order Laminariales: Class: Phaeophyceae – 2,060 species 1. Life History and Reproduction Order: 6. Laminariales- 148 species - Saxicolous - Sporangia always unilocular 2. Macrothallus Construction: - Most have sieve cells/elements - Pheromone released by female gametes lamoxirene Genus: Macrocystis 3. Growth Nereocystis Pterogophora Egregia Postelsia Alaria 2 14 Microscopic gametophytes Life History of Laminariales Diplohaplontic Alternation of Generations: organism having a separate multicellular diploid sporophyte and haploid gametophyte stage 3 4 1 4/28/2015 General Morphology: All baby kelps look alike 6 Intercalary growth Meristodermal growth Meristoderm/outer cortex – outermost cells (similar to cambia in land plants) Inner cortex – unpigmented cells Medulla – contains specialized cells (sieve elements/hyphae) Meristodermal growth gives thallus girth (mostly) “transition zone” Periclinal vs. Anticlinal cell division: • Periclinal = cell division parallel to the plane of the meristoderm girth •Anticlinal = cell division • Growth in both directions away from meristem • Usually between stipe and blade (or blade and pneumatocyst) perpendicular to the plane of the 7 meristoderm height 8 2 4/28/2015 Phaeophyceae Morphology of intercellular connections Anticlinal Pattern of cell division perpendicular to surface of algae. Only alga to transport sugar/photosynthate in sieve elements Periclinal Cell division parallel to surface of plant. Plasmodesmata = connections between adjacent cells,