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Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.0 ________________________________________________________________________ SECTION 10 – CWCS-PRIORITY SPECIES – CONTENT SUMMARY 10.1 BACKGROUND 10.2 IDENTIFYING CWCS-PRIORITY SPECIES IN PA 10.3 TIERING CWCS-PRIORITY SPECIES IN PA 10.4 CWCS-PRIORITY MAMMALS Table 10.1: Ranking Factors for CWCS-Priority Mammals 10.5 CWCS-PRIORITY BIRDS Table 10.2: Ranking Factors for CWCS-Priority Birds 10.6 CWCS-PRIORITY REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS Table 10.3: Ranking Factors for CWCS-Priority Amphibians Table 10.4: Ranking Factors for CWCS-Priority Reptiles 10.7 CWCS-PRIORITY FISH Table 10.5: Ranking Factors for CWCS-Priority Fish 10.8 CWCS-PRIORITY INVERTEBRATES 10.9 PENNSYLVANIA’S SPECIES OF GREATEST CONSERVATION NEED Table 10.6: Pennsylvania’s Vertebrate Species of Greatest Conservation Need (Responsibility + Imperilment) Table 10.7: Pennsylvania’s Invertebrate Species of Greatest Conservation Need (Responsibility + Imperilment) 10.10 STATEWIDE CONSERVATION GOALS AND OBJECTIVES FOR CWCS- PRIORITY SPECIES 10.11 STATEWIDE PRIORITY CONSERVATION ACTIONS – CWCS-PRIORITY SPECIES Level 1 – highest priority over the next 1-5 years Determine Presence/Absence of Potentially Extirpated Species Conduct Species’ Status Assessments Habitat Assessment and Protection Clarification of Genetic Issues Threats Assessment Ensure Adequate State-level Protection Level 2 – priority over the next 5-10 years Develop Multi-species Management Guidance Recovery Planning Long-term Monitoring Population Monitoring Appendix 10.1: SWG-Funded Progress with CWCS-Priority Species Appendix 10.2: State and Federally-Listed Species in Pennsylvania. Page 10-1 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.0 ________________________________________________________________________ SECTION 10 – CWCS-PRIORITY SPECIES 10.1 BACKGROUND In keeping with the Congressional intent of the State Wildlife Grants program, which is “endangered species prevention,” special attention in the CWCS is given to species that are approaching the point of Federal listing, are experiencing steep declines, or are being impacted by widespread and pervasive threats. Working with partner organizations through the SWG program, the Commissions can strive to intervene in wildlife conservation and management at the state level before imperiled species require protection under the Federal Endangered Species Act. Investing SWG funding now to protect or restore wildlife populations is far more effective than waiting until the populations reach critically low levels and need expensive “emergency room care” through the Endangered Species Act. However, to limit the scope of the CWCS to rapidly declining or imperiled species would continue the inefficient pattern of “reactive” rather than “proactive” management. For perhaps the first time in the history of the Commissions’ Diversity Programs, the agencies find themselves in a position to proactively manage declining fish and wildlife. SWG funding and the CWCS requirement provide the agencies with a unique opportunity to focus beyond imperiled species. The fact that the CWCS is a requirement of each state also enabled staff to think about wildlife conservation across political borders. Therefore, significant effort was made in the course of CWCS development to identify and emphasize the unique role, and regional responsibility, of Pennsylvania in conserving species of concern. An objective of this CWCS planning effort was to reach beyond rarity, which often forces managers to simply document the declines of a species, in order to achieve truly comprehensive, truly proactive management. The overriding goal of the CWCS effort is to move toward proactive management of the species and habitats for which Pennsylvania has some regional, national or global responsibility. This move from reactive to proactive management should result in increased conservation success on the ground as well as more efficient use of limited staff and funding resources. 10.2 IDENTIFYING CWCS-PRIORITY SPECIES IN PA In January 2004, the PGC and PFBC initiated an expert-opinion process whereby the Commissions asked the various taxonomic Technical Committees of the PA Biological Survey to identify those species that are indicative of the diversity and health of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, in fulfillment of Federal CWCS requirement #1. Since January 2004, the taxonomic technical committees of the PA Biological Survey, and/or appropriate sub-committees, have worked to develop the species lists that comprise the CWCS-Priority Species. Technical committees are made up of natural resource agency biologists as well as taxonomic specialists from various universities and conservation organizations. The PABS Technical Committees are the official advisory bodies to the PGC Page 10-2 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.0 ________________________________________________________________________ and PFBC on matters of species listing, reintroductions, distribution and abundance, etc. Each committee represents 10-30 taxonomic experts, many of which have worked their entire careers with these species of concern. Technical Committee findings therefore provide the best scientific assessment of a species’ occurrence and status in the Commonwealth. The PABS Technical Committees compiled the list of CWCS-priority species presented in the CWCS. Representing species in need of increased management attention at either the species or habitat level, the list includes threatened and endangered species as well as other species with populations that are of concern in the Commonwealth. Specifically, the Commissions and their technical advisors considered the following categories of species when determining the CWCS-priority species for Pennsylvania: • Globally rare or imperiled species • Federally-listed threatened and endangered animals • State-listed threatened and endangered animals • Natural Heritage Program tracked and watch-list animal species • Northeast Region wildlife species of regional conservation concern • Endemic species • Responsibility species (those species for which PA supports core populations) • Partners in Flight and All Bird Conservation priority species • U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service’s migratory birds of management concern • Colonial waterbirds • Forest interior breeding birds • Shrubland successional breeding birds at risk • Grassland breeding birds at risk • Shorebirds with significant migratory concentrations • Marshland breeding birds (e.g., rails, bitterns, sedge wren) at risk • American Fisheries Society’s species of concern • Depleted anadromous fish (e.g., shad spp., sturgeon) • Species with small, localized “at-risk” populations • Species with limited dispersal • Species with fragmented or isolated populations • Species of special, or conservation, concern • Sensitive aquatic species Beyond compiling the list of CWCS-priority species, the PABS technical committees have continued to labor in the development of technical materials relating to various taxa (i.e. identifying critical habitats, key threats, management recommendations, recovery and monitoring recommendations, etc.) as the CWCS has progressed. In addition, individual members of the various technical committees have worked faithfully to produce the individual Species Assessments (Appendix 3) that will guide the implementation of the CWCS over the next 10 years. In addition to consulting local experts and conservation partners within the Commonwealth, the following sources of information were reviewed when selecting species of greatest conservation concern: Page 10-3 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.0 ________________________________________________________________________ A. Academy of Natural Sciences (in Philadelphia) http://www.acnatsci.org/ B. American Birding Association http://www.americanbirding.org/ C. American Birds Conservancy http://www.abcbirds.org/ D. American Fisheries Society http://www.fisheries.org/ (Marine Stocks At Risk of Extinction) E. American Ornithological Union http://www.aou.org/ F. Audubon Important Bird Areas http://www.audubon.org/bird/iba/index.html G. Audubon WatchList http://www.audubon.org/bird/watchlist/ H. Bat Conservation International http://www.batcon.org/ I. Bureau of Land Management Sensitive Species Lists http://www.blm.gov/nhp/ (see Offices & Centers web sites.) J. Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology http://birds.cornell.edu/ K. Federal Endangered Species Act http://endangered.fws.gov/ L. Hawk Mountain Sanctuary http://hawkmountain.org/ M. IAFWA – International Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies http://www.iafwa.org/ N. IUCN -The World Conservation Union Red List of Threatened Species http://www.redlist.org/ O. NatureServe Explorer (Global- and state-level ranking system, federal status and much more) http://www.natureserve.org/explorer/ http://www.natureserve.org/infonatura/ P. NOAA Anadromous and Marine Fisheries http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/prot_res/PR3/Fish/fishes.html Q. North American Bird Conservation Initiative http://www.nabci-us.org/ http://birdhabitat.fws.gov/NAWMP/jv.htm (Joint Ventures - Waterfowl) http://www.waterbirdconservation.org/pubs/ ContinentalPlan.cfm (Waterbirds) http://northamerican.fws.gov/NAWMP/nawmphp.htm (Waterfowl) http://www.partnersinflight.org/pifbcps.htm (Bird Conservation Plans) http://shorebirdplan.fws.gov/ (Shorebirds) http://www.qu.org/seqsg/nbci/nbci.cfm (Northern Bobwhite) http://www.nabci-us.org/sppassess.html
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