Family Association

JOHN ENDECOTT FAMILY ASSOCIATION

EDITOR’S NOTES ENDICOTTS IN WW I

This is my last edition. Past By William T. Endicott president, Tom Meshek, will Since this Armistice Day, 11 A.M. on a world power. be the editor beginning with November 11, 2018 is the 100th anni- When it was over on November 11, the next newsletter. I am hap- versary of the end of WWI, it seems 1918, at least 56 American Endicotts py that such an accomplished appropriate to mention the Endicott had joined 16 Endicotts from Australia, person stepped forward. This connection to a war that dramatically 223 Endicotts from Britain, and 23 En- has been a labor of love and changed world history and a war in dicotts from Canada, as soldiers on the I’ve enjoyed serving you. As which Endicotts played a significant Allied side. editor, I’ve also enjoyed work- role. ing closely with our frequent They participated in all sorts of famous World War I hastened the decline of contributor, William “Bill” En- battles, such as the naval battle of Jut- monarchy as the governing system of dicott, Cindy Lou Endicott Lev- land, the ground battles of Ypres, Gallip- choice in the world -- a process that ingston, and Tom Meshek (Bill oli, the Somme, and Arras, St. Mihiel, Americans had started in 1775 -- by top- was elected president of JEFA and the Meuse Argonne, and even a pling the monarchies of Russia, Germa- at the Cumberland Gap Reun- few aerial battles, to name a few. ny, Austro-Hungary, and the Ottoman ion). As a member of this asso- A number of Endicotts were killed or Empire. ciation, I chose to spend some wounded in combat and one, the Amer- of my time advancing its objec- But it took another World War and a ican doctor Clayton Arthur Endicott, tives. I hope that when the Cold War to decide what would replace died in the great Spanish influenza epi- association. calls on you, that monarchies. First, it took WWII to de- demic that came right at the end of the you will make the time, too, stroy fascism as a possibility. And then war. it took the Cold War and the collapse of th Two American Endicotts won Distin- Samuel Endicott, 11 Gen. the Soviet Union to eliminate pure guished Service Crosses (DSC) in the From the Joseph line Communism as a possibility. war, second only to the Medal of Honor Table of Contents Endicotts were involved in all of this. as the nation’s highest award for valor. ENDICOTTS IN WW I BY But for now, we focus on WWI. 1 One of them, Burtis Alvin Endicott, won BILL ENDICOTT On April 6, 1917, two days after the U.S. two of them. REUNION MEMORIES 6 Senate voted 82 - 6 to declare war on Why We Got In THE LIFE AND TIMES OF Germany, the U.S. House of Represent- WWI started in Europe on July 28, 1914, JOHN ENDECOTT, 16 atives endorsed the decision by a vote but the US didn't enter it until after BY LTC TED SANFORD of 373 - 50, and the United States for- France, Russia, Canada, Australia, Italy, ENDICOTTS TAKE ON mally entered WWI. America’s position MOUNT EVEREST BY BILL 19 in the world was changed forever be- (Continued on page 2) ENDICOTT cause the US emerged from the war as John Endecott Family Association John Endecott Family Association

(Continued from page 1) full weight of the US Army could be decott. He was born in Illinois. felt in Europe, but thereafter its no Burtis enlisted in the Army on Septem- New Zealand and other Allied coun- exaggeration to say that the US tipped ber 22, 1917 and was discharged Feb- tries had lost millions of men. US Pres- the balance in favor of the Allies and ruary 21, 1919. He was a Private with ident Woodrow Wilson, bowing to caused the Germans to give up. Company C, 102nd Infantry Regiment, overwhelming public opinion, had American Endicotts In The War 26th Division, American Expeditionary pledged neutrality for the United Prior to the US entering the war, two Force (A.E.F) – the famed “Yankee Divi- States and kept us out of the war for descendants of Governor John En- sion.” several years. decott, Thorndike Howe Endicott, and How did Burtis, a Midwesterner, end But after a while, two things made David Endicott Putnam, joined the up in the “Yankee Division,” which neutrality impossible. The first was the French forces. A medical school drop- originally consisted almost entirely of fact that the Germans sank a number out, Thorndike was an ambulance driv- National Guard troops from all the of ships with Americans on them, in- er for the French army, much as Ernest New states? It was because cluding most famously the British liner Hemingway was for the Italians. He thousands of replacements were sent Lusitania, which saw 1,000 people was wounded when a shell fragment to the Yankee Division from the 76th killed, including 128 Americans. The tore off the last two fingers of his right Division, and most of these men were Germans also sank at least ten US hand. He also won the Croix de Guerre from Western and Midwestern states. ships of various sizes and with varying for driving 27 straight hours in rescue The 26th was the first US National US casualties. work while under fire. He returned to Guard division, and, in fact, the first the US in November, 1917. The second thing was the Zimmerman full US division of any kind, to arrive in telegram, fully verified on March 3, David Endicott Putnam was a flying France. No other American division 1917. This was the secret German deal ace. He started out flying for France saw such long and continuous service to give Mexico the states of Texas, but later switched to the American at the front in WWI -- nine months of New Mexico, and Arizona if Mexico side when the US entered the war. almost incessant fighting, much of it in joined Germany in the event the US With 13 confirmed victories, he was adverse weather conditions. Because entered the war on the Allied side. US America’s leading ace in the war until of this, President Wilson selected it for newspapers got wind of the deal and he was shot down and killed in Sep- his 1918 Christmas visit to the troops. the US public was outraged. tember, 1918. David was awarded the While he was with the Division, Burtis DSC. About a month later, after the German participated in a number of battles in submarine U-62 sank the SS Aztec, an Another Endicott, Colonel Francis Cas- 1918 including the first US victory, the American cargo ship, on April 1, Con- sius Endicott, was a career Army Battle of Seicheprey; the Aisne-Marne gress declared war on Germany on officer, and a veteran of the Spanish- (Chateau Thierry) Offensive; the St. April 6. American War and the Philippine- Mihiel Offensive; and the Meuse- It was just in time, too. In March 1917 American War before entering WWI. Argonne Offensive. In WWI he won the Silver Star medal. the Russian revolution had begun, and Part of the Aisne-Marne Offensive was Later he was on the executive Council by the end of the year Russia had been an action in two small French villages, of the National Rifle Association. knocked out of the war. On top of Epieds and Trugny, that were packed that, starting in April 1917, half the Another DSC winner was Burtis En- with German machine guns. During French army would eventually mutiny dicott-- and he won two of them. this battle, Burtis won his first Distin- in events that were hushed up for dec- Burtis’s Story guished Cross there and here is the ades. Furthermore, Britain was stag- citation: Burtis Endicott (September 1, 1896 - gering under the weight of unrestrict- April 8, 1974) was a 7th generation Date of Action: July 22, 1918 Citation: ed German submarine warfare. descendant of Governor John En- It took until the end of 1917 before the (Continued on page 3) John Endecott Family Association John Endecott Family Association

(Continued from page 2) shows Burtis working as a general farm transported to Europe with US troops, laborer. He got married to Anna M. where it morphed into a particularly The Distinguished Service Cross is Endicott and they had three girls. virulent strain and infected the whole presented to Burtis A. Endicott, Pri- By 1937, Burtis was working for the world. vate, U.S. Army, for extraordinary her- Works Progress Administration It was called Spanish flu because it first oism in action near Trugny, France, (W.P.A.) during the recovery and relo- received widespread press attention in July 22, 1918. After five runners had cation of Shawneetown, Gallatin Coun- Spain. That was because Spain, being been shot down trying to get through ty, Illinois following the great 1937 neutral in the war, did not have the a heavy artillery barrage with a mes- flood. With damage stretching from press censorship that the combatant sage to the battalion commander, Pri- Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania to Cairo, Illi- nations did, censorship that sup- vate Endicott volunteered to carry the nois, one million persons were left pressed stories about the flu in order same message over the same route homeless, there were 385 dead and not to show weakness to the enemy. and succeeded. property losses reached $500 million. Some argue that Spanish flu actually After the successful Chateau-Thierry Federal and state resources were hastened the defeat of Germany be- campaign, the Yankee Division was strained to aid recovery, since the dis- cause Germany suffered more flu moved up for the St. Mihiel offensive, aster occurred during the Great De- deaths proportional to the population - where a major Allied attack began on pression and a few years after the Dust - between 168,000 - 186,000 soldiers September 12. After that, the Division Bowl. When he filled out his World and another 400,000 civilians -- than participated in the Meuse-Argonne War II Draft Registration card in 1942, any of the Allied nations did and at a Offensive, and a part of that was the Burtis was still employed by the W.P.A. time when Germany could ill-afford attack on the town of Marcheville, in in Shawneetown. such losses. which Burtis got his second DSC, the Burtis died on April 8, 1974. Although ranking as one of the world’s citation for which follows: Spanish Flu worst pandemics, the Spanish flu re- Date of Action: September 26, 1918 There is another Endicott connection mains largely forgotten in America to- Citation: The Distinguished Service to WWI, to a part of it that remains day because of the press censorship at Cross is presented to Burtis A. En- relatively forgotten today: the great the time, the deaths being lumped to- dicott, Private, U.S. Army, for extraor- influenza pandemic of 1918 -- 1919. gether with the WWI deaths, and the dinary heroism in action near Marche- Clayton A. Endicott, an Army doctor whole episode transpiring rather ville, France, September 26, 1918. from Indiana, died of influenza before quickly (the bulk of the deaths occur- While isolated from the rest of his pla- he could even get into the war. ring over a nine-month period). toon and under violent machine-gun and artillery fire, Private Endicott was He is, thus, symbolic of a tragedy on a wounded in the arm by a machine-gun par with the Black Plague because it bullet. After receiving first aid he re- killed far more people both in the US turned to duty and continued in the and world-wide than the war did. In fight until again wounded. General the US it killed 500,000 - 675,000 peo- Orders 87, W.D., 1919 Home Town: ple compared to 117, 000 Americans Ridgway, IL Other Award: Dis- who died in the war. World-wide, it tinguished Service Cross w/OLC (WWI) killed 50 - 100 million compared to 16.5 million killed in the war. According to Wikipedia, Burtis was one of only “several dozen” out of millions While called the “Spanish flu,” it did of American servicemen to receive two not originate in Spain, but according to Distinguished Service Crosses in WW1. some, in a Kansas military base, not far Author, JEFA President Bill from where Clayton lived. Then it got After the war, the 1920 US Census Endicott

John Endecott Family Association John Endecott Family Association Reunion Memories Reenactors making Apple Butter

Bill and Abbie Endicott

Appalachian Mountain Range beauty

Reenactors answering our questions.

Martin’s Station, Virginia (where the pioneers would “fort up” during Indian uprisings and last chance for resupply before the Gap

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Station was a pioneer term for “fort”.

Martin’s Station Encampment

A child reenactor at Martin’s Station

Reenactors at Martin’s Station

Left: Blacksmiths at Martin’s Station

Right: An idealized pioneer in Kentucky

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Pam Endicott Ruiz in the Cumberland Gap

Abbie Endicott in the Cumberland Gap

Sam and Elaine Endicott at Indian Rock, the site of many ambushes of the pioneers by Cherokees

The Cumberland Gap, walked by Thomas Cindy Lou Endicott Levingston in the and Sara Welsh Endicott in 1786 Cumberland Gap Left: Alan & Cindy Lou Endicott Levingston enjoying the vista

Right: Bill & Carolyn Loue at The Pinnacle

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From L – R, Bill & Abbie Endicott, Tom & Janet Meshek, Cindy Lou Endicott Levingston, author Laurie Endicott Thomas, and Ruth Endicott in front of the mural of pioneers walking through the Gap.

From L – R, Scavenger Hunt group – Bill Chester, Cheryl Mayo, Bill and Carolyn Loue, and Barbara Andrews

Reunion attendees viewing pioneer film in the Visitor Center Auditorium

Mural of pioneers walking through the Cumberland Gap. We can see our ancestors, Thomas, Sara, their eight sons, and three- year old, Nancy in the subjects hopeful faces.

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Bill & Francis Chester of Haymarket, VA posing with Bill and Carolyn Loue of Lancaster, PA in the reunion meeting room

Sam Endicott presenting The Lives of Thomas and Sara Welsh Endicott

The Endicotts break bread together in the restaurant of Pine Mountain State Resort Park. Pattye Endicott Ramacciotti is on the front left with Abbie Endicott opposite her.

Nearest, Lori Endicott Covey (Pryor, OK), Nanette Endicott Radke (Houston, TX), and Barbara Endicott (Hillsboro, OR) listen during the business meeting

Right: Pine Mountain birds of prey expert gives presentation

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The Life and Times of John Endecott © (1588-1665) By Lieutenant Colonel Teddy H. Sanford Jr. (February 2018) ohn Endecott, (1588-1665), regard- ed to leave England and find a place to Middlecott Manor. Henry Endecott was ed as one of the Fathers of New where they could establish a society that the Great Grandfather of Governor John England,1 was also the longest serv- more closely conformed to Puritan beliefs Endecott.11 ing Governor of Massachusetts. He and practices. That would be the Massa- By 1532, John Endecott (1490-1562) had servedJ a total of 16 years including most chusetts Bay Colony. While his defense of achieved status and wealth in Chagford. of the last 15 years of his life. When not Puritan society may have later become In that year, he was serving as a Jurate for serving as governor, he was involved in over-zealous, there is little doubt that the Chagford Stannary at the Great Court other elected and appointed positions what he experienced in England from held at Crockern Tor on 28 October 1532 from 1628-1665 except for the single year childhood on led him to his hatred for the and again on 25 September 1533.12 The of 1634. King’s government and the Church of Eng- Stannary of Chagford had been estab- For the general reader to be able to un- land. lished by King Edward I (1239-1307) in derstand John Endecott, the first step is to 1305 along with two other towns. They understand his times. King Henry VIII split Ancestral History of the were to receive and process tin as a mo- the English Church away from the Roman Endecott Family nopoly and were shown exceptional favor Catholic Church in 1533 and, through the through the establishment of Stannary Act of Supremacy, became the head of the Over the first two decades of the 21st Courts with jurisdiction over the civil and Church of England the following year.2 Century, a great deal of new information legal affairs of those involved in the min- This was the beginning of a conflict be- regarding the family of John Endecott has ing operations. They also had member- tween religions, kings, and queens that been discovered that overturn much of ship in the Stannary Parliament. The would continue for the next 150 years. In what was assumed to be true about his mayor of each Stannary Town chose 24 about 1560, the emerged. These early life. These discoveries provide new Jurates who served as legislators and judi- were persons in the Church of England insights into his life and times. They in- cial magistrates at the Great Court. Mem- who sought a more thorough reformation clude the Church Wardens’ Accounts of St. bership came from miners, tin workers, within the church than had been provided Michael’s Church in Chagford, 1480-1600; and those with financial interests in the under Queen Elizabeth I and her Tudor an in-depth research effort into the search tin industry.13 predecessors. They were not united and of family records held by the Church of John Endecott also continued to buy included Anglicans, Separatists, and Con- Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints; a new lands and properties in the Chagford area. gregationalists.3 interpretation of the work of Sir Roper Sir Thomas Denys, Knight and Kings Coun- In 1584, the Separatist Robert Brown, Lethbridge, and on-the-ground research in cilor, sold John all of his lands in Boadon, published his “Treatise of Reformation the County of Devon spread over the peri- Little Cranbrook, Northwest Cranbrook, without Tarrying for Any,” This will be- od 1980 to 2013. Cranbrook Downs, and Leigh Parkes in come the basis for the society established John Endecott, (1490-1562), the Great, Morton Hampstead. 14 in the some 48 Great Grandfather of Governor John En- John Endecott continued to live at Mid- years later.4 In 1590, Archbishop Whitgift decott, (1588-1665), came to Chagford dlecott Manor for the remainder of his arrested scores of nonconformist Puritans from his father’s home in South Tawton life. When he died in 1562, he passed and Presbyterians and charged them with and was living as a tenant with his wife at along a great fortune to his eldest son, sedition.5 This was followed with the ar- Throston (Drewston Manor) by 1515.8 All Henry Endecott. rests of nonconformists who denied the five of his children were born there. In his Henry Endecott (1515-1585) was the royal supremacy and worshipped in inde- early years he became involved with the Great Grandfather of Governor John En- pendent congregations. A total of nine of tin mining industry. In 1523, he served as decott. While his father had moved to them were hanged.6 Finally, at the Hamp- a church warden alongside John Yoldon, Middlecott Manor in 1530 after buying ton Court Conference convened by King the owner of Middlecott Manor which had Drewston Manor for Henry, there was no James I in 1604, the pleas of the Presby- its own tin works.9 In 1528, John Endecott move by Henry from Drewston for the terians were all rejected and Archbishop purchased Middlecott from John Yoldon. next 34 years. He first appeared on the William Laud began persecutions of the Another church warden in 1526 was Wil- scene in Chagford in 1626 when he served Puritans.7 This was the nature of the liam Bennett who owned Drewston Man- as a Church Warden for a single day dur- world as John Endecott experienced in or.10 He sold it to John Endecott in 1630 ing the feast day of St. Crispus and St. the early seventeenth century and led to and John gave it to his eldest son, Henry Crispianus.15 He was 11 years old at the his growing belief that the Puritans need- Endecott, (1515-1585). John then moved time.

John Endecott Family Association John Endecott Family Association

During his life, Henry Endecott continued and 1598.19 It is probable that John En- John Endecott’s Life in to maintain the wealth of the family and decott continued serving the church well improve their social status even as com- into the next century since he lived until England moners. He married the first time in 1635 but the accounts for those years no After growing up together at Middlecott about 1540, wife’s name unknown, and longer exist. Manor, John Endecott (1588-1665) and his there were three boys and two girls that John Endecott, (1541-1635), had a two cousins went their own way. His came from this marriage. After the death younger brother named William Endecott cousin Jane Endecott (1590) married John of his first wife, he married Margery Hals. (1543-1630) who was also active in the Currie on 23 September 1611,26 while There were no more children from this church. He was a warden in 157020 and a cousin Henry Endecott (1591-1655) met marriage. Head Warden in 1592.21 William will play a and married a girl named Helmet in Stoke- The eldest daughter of Henry Endecott major role in the life of his nephew, in-Teignhead in 1611.27 This would have was named Katherine and she had mar- Thomas Endecott (1566-1621), the eldest been a major family event and John En- ried John Downe who died. Then she son of his older brother John Endecott. decott, along with his father, Thomas En- married Edward Knapman, son of William He will also be an important figure in the decott, would certainly have been in Knapman and the fourth grandson of Wil- life of his great nephew, the future Gover- attendance. A local well-to-do widow, liam Knapman of Throwleigh (c. 1500- nor John Endecott. Alice Blackaller Andrew (1573-1643), was 1563).16 Edward Knapman had an older When John Endecott (1541-1635) mar- probably also in attendance given the brother, Alexander Knapman (1545-1618) ried Johanna (1542-1637) in 1564, they small number of people living there.28 This who married Anna, the daughter of Sir moved into Drewston Manor where all was probably when she and Thomas En- John Whiddon (1508-1576), Knight of five of their children were born. The first decott met for the first time. They found Throwleigh.17 The daughter of Alexander child was Thomas Endecott (1566-1621) each other agreeable. and Anna, Alice Knapman, married Robert followed by Robert, William, Richard, and On 17 July 1612, Thomas Endecott mar- Lethbridge of Nymet Tracy. These four Wilmott.22 As the children grew up, they ried Alice Blackaller Andrew at St. An- families, Whiddon, Endecott, Knapman, moved from their father’s residence at drews Church in Stoke-in Teignhead.29 At and Lethbridge owned most of the tin- Drewston. Thomas Endecott apparently the time of her second marriage at St. mining land in the Stannary of Chagford moved into Middlecott Manor which was Andrews, Alice was the mother of seven and were related by marriages. The En- also the home of their father’s younger children including her adopted son, Greg- decott family rose from its more humble brother William. ory Andrew.30 Thomas Endecott was the social status and became regular associ- Thomas and his unnamed wife married father at that time of only one child, the ates of the local power elite. in 1587 and she soon was pregnant. future Governor John Endecott. Between In 1564, the eldest son of Henry En- Against all of the stories and legends sur- 1613 and 1616, Thomas and Alice had two decott, John Endecott (1541-1635) mar- rounding the mother of the future Gover- more children. They were Margaret En- ried Johanna (c. 1543-1637) in Chagford. nor John Endecott, she died in childbirth decott (1613-1637)31 and a second John As a wedding gift, Henry presented his son or shortly thereafter. A list of deaths in Endecott (1616-1683).32 They were half- with Drewston Manor and moved to the Chagford during 1588 include the follow- sister and half-brother to the future Gov- family estate at Middlecott Manor. When ing entry, “Paid for the shroud for Thomas ernor, John Endecott. Henry died in 1585, John inherited Mid- Endecott’s wife 3 shillings 4 pence.”23 Meantime, John Endecott was now a dlecott Manor as well as the large tin min- During this same period, William En- mature man and, at some point, he had ing properties in the area including the decott, (1543-1630), the uncle of Thomas taken up the Puritan cause, a dangerous Cranbrook properties purchased by his Endecott, (1566-1621), had just married step to take at the time due to the ongo- grandfather. John Endecott was the Anne Ellis (d. 1637). They lived at Mid- ing persecutions of Puritans. In 1615, Rev- Grandfather of Governor John Endecott. dlecott Manor and Anne possibly was erend Samuel Skelton, an ardent Puritan, John Endecott (1541-1630) and others in called on to assist in the delivery of the became the curate in Semstringham, Lin- his family remained active in the affairs of future Governor. At this point it would colnshire, and soon after was the spiritual St. Michael’s Church in Chagford. In 1591, seem natural for Anne to have become a advisor to John Endecott who said that he he was one of the head wardens, along surrogate mother to raise the baby. With- received “much good” from his ministry with James Vogwil, as receivers of the in two years, William and Anne had chil- and considered Skelton his spiritual fa- charitable gifts for the poor and for the dren of their own. Jane Endecott was ther.33 repairing and maintaining of the parish born in 1590 and Henry Endecott was Two years later, on 2 November 1617, church. Late in the year, on 19 December, born in 1591.24 It appears that Thomas John Endecott was one of five men who he and Vogwil “granted unto Barnabe Endecott also remained at Middlecott witnessed and signed the sealing and de- Hore the 32nd part of a certain tinwork Manor for a number of years before livery of a deed between Sir Edward Coke, called Tawemarshe from the date hereof starting another family. The three chil- Chief Justice of the King’s Bench, and Sir until the end and term that shall rise upon dren might have grown up together in this John Villiers, brother of the favorite of the 32nd part.”18 John continued to serve extended family, and received a good edu- King James I, which settled the marriage the church for the remainder of the centu- cation. They could read and write in Eng- for Sir Edward’s daughter, Francis Coke ry and was a warden in 1593, 1594, 1597, lish and they could speak French as well.25 and Sir John.34 Sir Edward Coke (1552-

John Endecott Family Association John Endecott Family Association

1634) is considered to be the greatest this venture was Thomas Gardner. He back to his Great-Great grandfather, John jurist of the Elizabethan and Jacobean was a nephew of Reverend John White.39 Endecott (1490-1562). In so doing, he also eras. He later entered Parliament and In 1627, Roger Cognant and his small band proved the lineage of his older half- was instrumental in passage of the Peti- of “Old Planters” move to Naumkeag in brother, Governor John Endecott.43 tion of Rights, one of the three crucial the Massachusetts Bay.40 On 19 March 1628, John Endecott, Sir legal documents of England. He also About this same time, John Endecott Henry Roswell, Sir John Young, Thomas wrote the statute of Monopolies which would have been looking for the funds Southcott, John Humphrey, and Simon restricted the King to grant patents. This needed to purchase a share of the Massa- Whetcomb, six religiously motivated per- is considered one of the first actions in the chusetts Bay. He needed look no further sons, representing“ The conflict between King and Parliament that than his grandfather. Since the work by Company,” purchased a patent for the led later to the .35 John Sir Roper Lethbridge regarding the ances- territory of Massachusetts Bay from a Endecott, at the young age of 29, was part try of Governor John Endecott in the early corporation styled the “Plymouth Council of a very important and influential group. 20th Century, the story has circulated that for New England. John Endecott was se- Meanwhile, John Endecott’s father, John Endecott, (1541-1635), the grandfa- lected as a “fit instrument to begin the Thomas Endecott, (1566-1621), was well ther, was at odds with John Endecott, wilderness work,” and granted full powers settled and living with his wife and chil- (1588-1665), the grandson and had nearly to take charge of the plantation at dren in the village of Rocombe Cadhughe disinherited him in his will. The passage in Naumkeag. His new life in America was just outside of Stoke-in-Teignhead. In Lethbridge says, “ – including 40 shillings about to begin.44 1618, his wife, Alice Blackaller Andrew to John, the eldest son and heir of his de- Endecott renewed leases on two houses, ceased eldest son, Thomas, who was thus John Endecott Founds the outbuildings, meadows, and nine parcels practically disinherited, and who subse- Massachusetts Bay Colony of land that was part of her late husband’s quently disputed the will in Chancery.”41 estate.36 While this was evidently suffi- None of this is true. The John Endecott On 20 June 1628, Captain John Ende- cient to their needs, Thomas appears to who received 40 shillings was the half- cott;45 his wife Jane Francis; and thirty have had little of his own. Even though he brother of Governor John Endecott. He settlers, “The New Planters,” boarded the was the first heir apparent to the Endecott was not in the line of succession, and Abigail in Weymouth harbor, and said fortune, his father, John Endecott (1541- most of the estate of the grandfather goodbye to England for the last time. They 1635), was still the head of the family and went to Governor John’s younger brothers sailed westward for two months and six- living at Drewston Manor. including Robert, William, and Richard.42 teen days, and landed at a location the The year 1621 was a momentous one for Why was the future Governor not men- Indians called Naumkeag, later changed to John Endecott (1588-1665) and the En- tioned at all? He likely received the funds Salem, in the Massachusetts Bay on 6 Sep- decott family. First, on the 26th of No- needed to purchase a sixth share of the tember 1628. vember, John Endecott married Jane Fran- Massachusetts Bay from his grandfather; “On making known to the planters who cis at the parish church in Bridford, barely needed nothing else for his inheritance; had preceded him that he and his associ- 10 miles from Chagford.37 This happy oc- and thus was removed from the will. ate patentees had purchased all the prop- casion was soon overshadowed, however, While there is no proof that can ever erty and privileges of the Dorchester part- by the death of his father, Thomas En- prove this theory of events, it appears ners, both at Naumkeag and Cape Anne, decott (1566-1621) in Stoke-in-Teignhead. most likely given what is now known much discontent arose. Endecott, and his He was only 55 years old.38 Alice Black- about the family relationships. Puritan Council viewed with no favorable aller Andrew Endecott brought her hus- In regard to the suit filed in 1636 against eye the raising of tobacco, believing such band’s body back to Chagford where he the estate of the grandfather John En- a production, except for medicinal purpos- was buried. She then returned to Stoke-in decott (1541-1635) by John Endecott, the es, injurious to both the health and mor- -Teignhead. The half-sister of the future grandson, there is no question that the als, while they insisted on abolishing the Governor, Margaret Endecott (1613- John Endecott (1616-1683) who made the use of the Book of Common Prayer. The 1637), was just eight years old and her filing was the younger half-brother of the wise enactments of the company’s court brother, John Endecott (1616-1683), was Governor who describes himself as John in London did much toward allaying these only five. The future Governor John En- Endecott, yeoman, of Stoke-in-Teignhead. and similar disputes.”46 decott became the heir to the fortunes of The Governor had left England eight years To protect themselves against the Indi- the Endecott family, but his grandfather, before the filing and was heavily engaged ans, a military company was organized by John Endecott (1541-1635) was still alive. in the religious, political, and military the settlers and John Endecott was placed Over the next seven years, a number of affairs of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. in command. His attention was next important events occurred that resulted The Governor would have never identified called to the illegal trading and sinful ways in John Endecott leading the Puritans out himself as a yeoman (farmer) and he nev- of the settlers at Mount Wollaston, or of England. First, the Plantation at Cape er lived at his father’s home in Stoke-in- Merry Mount, now Quincy. He personally Anne, the Dorchester Company, was es- Teignhead. The most important result of conducted an expedition to the site and tablished in 1624 in New England, but was the filing was that the younger John En- “rebuked the inhabitants for their pro- not an economic success. The overseer of decott (1616-1683) proved his lineage faneness’, and admonished them. In the

John Endecott Family Association John Endecott Family Association purifying spirit of authority, he then cut ernor.51 land, the colony and Winthrop were not in down the maypole on which Thomas Mor- Governor John Endecott continued to a position to ignore the act, and brought ton, their leader, had published his satires exercise authority over the colony until 12 action in the General Court, the colony’s on the Puritans, while his followers made June 1630 when arrived legislature, against Endecott where he was merry around it in the carousals from with the Royal charter by which govern- admonished and denied public office for which they sold arms and ammunition to ment of the colony was entirely trans- one year. Endecott made his apologies the Indians in order to get their supplies.” ferred to New England. He became Gov- that same day and retired from service for He also changed the name of the settle- ernor and John Endecott, who was chosen a year.58 Two years later, Endecott’s re- ment to Mount Dagon.47 one of his council of assistants, gave a moval of the cross from the flag was vindi- Simultaneously during 1629, the pur- cordial welcome to the new governor, and cated. Many of the militia had refused to chasers of the patent to the Massachu- a friendship began which continues while serve under the flag, and the Military setts Bay still in England, along with others they both lived.52 Commission finally ordered that the cross such as John Winthrop, came together to be left out. create the Cambridge Agreement of 26 A New Life with a New Wife August 1629. This agreement laid out the One of the passengers aboard the ship First Major Conflict with plan for the mass migrations of Puritans in 1630 was a widow Native Americans out of England to the Massachusetts Bay. named Elizabeth Cogan Gibson (1607- They also provided a copy of a charter to 1676). She was the eldest daughter of In 1636, the first major conflict between be forwarded to John Endecott that de- Philobert Cogan and his wife Ann Mar- the new colonists and a Native American fined the establishment of a government shall. One of Elizabeth’s younger sisters, tribe occurred. The hostilities were pre- in the Massachusetts Bay and made him Mary Cogan, was the wife of cipitated by the killing of a trader, John Governor in the Massachusetts Bay Colony who was Governor Endecott’s deputy. Oldham. Governor Henry Vane called on while Mathew Craddock was named the Elizabeth was soon introduced to Gover- John Endecott in August to lead a 90-man company’s Governor in London.48 John nor Endecott and they were married by force to seek justice from the Pequot Endecott’s deputy governor was Roger Reverend Skelton on 17 August 1630.53 tribe. He was assisted by Captain John Ludlow who becomes his brother-in-law in They had two sons. The first son was John Underhill who was a professional soldier the year ahead. Endecott (1632-1667). John married Eliza- who had arrived with Governor John Win- On 4 May 1629, the Reverend Samuel beth Houchin on 9 November 1653. The throp in 1630. He had been a Puritan exile Skelton answering a request from Gover- couple had no children. The second son in the Netherlands as a child and had nor Endecott, left England along with the was Zerubbabel Endecott (1635-1684). He served as a cadet in service to Prince Wil- Reverend Francis Higginson, and jour- was a doctor and married Mary Smith in liam, the Prince of Orange.59 neyed to Naumkeag in the Massachusetts 1654. They had ten children.54 John Endecott and his men proceeded to Bay. The six ships in this voyage were On 3 July 1632, the Court of Assistants Block Island where they spent two days known as the Higginson Fleet. Along with granted John Endecott 300 acres of land destroying villages and claiming that four- them on the ship, George Bonaventure, situated between and three miles to the teen Indians were killed. The force then was Samuel Sharp who brought a copy of North of the main settlement at Salem. marched to Saybrook, a settlement at the the charter. On the 6th of August, Rever- This was afterwards known as the Orchard mouth of the , and took end Skelton was installed as the first pas- Farm.55 This is also possibly the year that its militia with them before attacking a tor of what would become the First John planted a pear tree on the property Pequot village at the mouth of the Thames Church of Salem in the years ahead.49 that continues to live into the 21st Centu- River. The Indians escaped but their vil- The winter of 1629-1630 was particularly ry and is the oldest cultivated fruit tree in lage and food stores were either de- brutal and many of those living in Salem North America.56 stroyed or confiscated. With this accom- died. Among those was Jane Francis, wife In 1634, John Endecott was nominated plished, John Endecott returned with his of Governor John Endecott. For nearly to be one of the seven military commis- force to while the Saybrook militia two centuries, scholars have mistakenly sioners for the Massachusetts Bay Colony. under Lion Gardner were left to remove identified the first wife of the governor as In September, a rumor reached the colony the Pequot crops. The Pequot reformed being Anne Gower. This error was first that the King was demanding the charter and attacked. Under great pressure, the recorded in Charles M. Endicott’s “Memoir in an attempt to force them to celebrate Saybrook militia was able to retire. John of John Endecott (1847),” and appeared the ceremonies of the Church of England. Endecott played no further fighting role in that same year in the New England Histor- Endecott, a staunch Puritan, was moved the war which ended with the Treaty of ical and Genealogical Register, Volume I, by the rumor, and, inflamed by the fiery Hartford in 1638. The surviving Pequot 1847.50 In fact, Anne Gower did marry a eloquence of , publicly cut members were dispersed among the oth- John Endecott, but it was Dr. John En- out the Cross of St. George from the colo- er tribes.60 decott, (1657-1695), the oldest grandson ny banner with his sword. He stated that To better pursue the war, the militia in of the Governor. They were married in the cross in the banner “—savored pop- Massachusetts was organized into three London at St. Olave Church on 20 August ery.”57 Given the deteriorating conditions regiments on 13 December 1636. The 1688, 23 years after the death of the Gov- between Puritans and the Crown in Eng- South Regiment was commanded by Colo-

John Endecott Family Association John Endecott Family Association nel John Winthrop, Sr. with the assistance decott came to the fore and was elected With Puritans now in charge in England, of Lieutenant Colonel . The governor in 1644.65 When John Endecott Governor Endecott wrote a letter in 1651 North Regiment was commanded by Colo- completed his term in 1645, he was ap- to the Corporation for the Propagation of nel and his deputy was Lieu- pointed Major General of Massachusetts the Gospel Amongst the Indians and they tenant Colonel Roger Harlakener. Colonel and he held this position until 1649. He responded by sending money to the colo- John Endecott was commander of the East also was elected as an assistant and one ny to carry on the good work. The Church Regiment with the assistance of Lieuten- of the commissioners of the province.66 Wardens’ Account in Chagford lists the ant Colonel John Winthrop Jr. In 1644, In 1648, the 2nd English Civil War erupt- sixty-two subscribers who contributed during the second term of John Endecott ed but was short lived. The King was cap- which include a number of relatives of the as governor, the militia was reorganized tured and put on trial. He was convicted governor. Included were John Nosewor- once again. The title of“ Colonel” was of high treason, and executed.67 The win- thy, Mary Noseworthy, and John Noswor- abolished and the regimental command- ning Parliamentarians proclaimed the thy, Jr. who were related to the governor ers became “Majors”. The chief military Commonwealth of England and the dises- through his aunt, Wilmot Endecott Nose- officer in the colony was given the title of tablishment of the Church of England. worthy. Also on the list was Henry Hoop- “Sergeant Major General” and Thomas Their Puritan-based lifestyle in England er and his son Henry Hooper. The elder Dudley became the first“ Sergeant Major was fully implemented.68 Henry was one of the administrators of General of Massachusetts.” This old title the estate of John Endecott (1541-1635), was soon modified to the modern form of The Glorious Decade of the Governor’s grandfather. There also “Major General.”61 Puritanism in New England was Henry Endecott (1591-1655), cousin On the 6th of June, 1639, John Endecott to the Governor, who probably grew up was granted 500 acres by the General Upon the death of John Winthrop on 26 with him at Middlecott Manor. These Court.62 Later that year, the Court granted March 1649, John Endecott again was cho- contributors demonstrate that Governor an additional 550 acres upon the Ipswich sen governor. He maintained this office in Endecott kept in touch with some of his River.63 This is the land where he began to annual elections until his death except for family decades after his departure from mine for copper in 1648 at a place called 1650 and 1654 when he was the Deputy England.71 Blind Hole and which later became the Governor. Now released from the con- Even in the early colonies there was a Topsfield Copper Mine. It was the first straints of the King and with England need for money, and John Endecott estab- copper mine operated by Europeans in adopting the Puritan lifestyle, Governor lished a mint in 1652. This was against North America but was never a great suc- Endecott was free to move rapidly to or- existing English law, but in the new Com- cess financially.64 der the colony more completely on Puri- monwealth, John was in no fear for his tan principals. In 1649 he issued a formal actions.72 Coins continued to be minted The English Civil War and proclamation against wearing long hair until the abrogation of the charter in the Ascension of John “after the manner of ruffians and barba- 1685, long after Governor Endecott’s rous Indians.”69 death. John also continued to increase his Endecott The colony made rapid progress during landholdings. In 1658, the General Court, his terms from 1655 to 1660 and was part thankful for his long service to the colony, In 1641, 1642, and 1643, John Endecott of the Glorious Decade (1650-1660) for granted him a fourth of Block Island.73 was chosen as Deputy Governor, and in the Puritans, but religious tolerance be- Puritanism Falters and Governor Endecott 1642, he was also an Overseer of Harvard came a crime. As the head of the Com- Dies: College. This was happening in the midst monwealth of Massachusetts, responsible of the 1st English Civil War which pitted for its spiritual and temporal welfare, John After the death of , Lord Royalist Forces against Parliamentary Endecott felt a duty to scourge, banish, or Protector of England, in 1659, the Com- Forces. While John Endecott had held hang the unorthodox. He was particularly monwealth of England began to crumble. many offices in the years after his first opposed to the Quakers who were coming Royalists were successful in restoring the governorship in 1629-1630, his stringent into the colony in numbers after 1650. monarchy under King Charles II in 1660.74 Puritanism had prevented his being elect- Their beliefs were not as rigid as the Puri- In 1661, the struggle began in Massachu- ed to the governorship again as Winthrop tans who saw them as a threat as they setts to save its royal charter and its local and others had their hands full trying to attempted to convert Puritans. Over time, government. Governor Endecott drew up rein in some of his more radical views on Governor Endecott had many of them a petition to the King in the name of the the Crown and the Established Church of banished, imprisoned, beaten, or even General Court of Boston. It asked for the England. However, in 1643, Parliament executed. William Robinson and Marma- King’s protection and a continuance of introduced the “Solemn League and Cove- duke Stephenson of that sect were exe- those privileges and liberties which the nant” by which they undertook to intro- cuted on 27 October 1659, and Mary Dyer colony enjoyed. The capital blasphemies duce the full Presbyterian system with its was hanged the following spring in 1660.70 of the Quakers and their contempt of au- “doctrinal rigidity and exacting discipline.” A fourth Quaker, William Leddra, was the thority were also set before the King. King Now with this new formation of society last to be executed. He was hung in Bos- Charles returned vaguely favorable an- and the King’s forces on the run, John En- ton on 14 March 1661. swers which asked Governor Endecott to

John Endecott Family Association John Endecott Family Association seek out villains such as the regicides Ed- ward Whaley and Thomas Goffe,75 and Many of the references cited in this article are available ordered all condemned Quakers to be sent to England where they would be through the John Endecott Family Association Web site: dealt with.76 www.endecottendicott.com/books In 1662, the King expressed his willing- ness to take the colony into his care pro- 14. M.A. Thomas. Morton Hampstead vided that all laws made during the “late Endnotes: troubles” derogatory to the King’s govern- Enrolled Deed Number 102 dated 20 ment be repealed. He also asked that the 1. Jacob B. Moore. Memoirs of American June 1540 (32 Henry VIII). Letter dated oath of allegiance be duly observed, and Governors. New York: Gates and Sted- 5 October 1979 from M.A. Thomas to that the administration of justice take man. 136 Nassau Street. 1846. 362. D.L. Endicott. place in the King’s name. He went on to 15. Osborne. The Church Wardens’ Ac- suggest that the principal end of the char- 2. Susan Doran. The Tudor Chronicles counts of St. Michael’s Church, ter was liberty and conscience, and that 1485-1503. New York. 2008. 155. Chagford, 1480-1600. 88. the Book of Common Prayer and its cere- monies might very well be used by those 3. Encyclopedia Britannica, Volume 18. 16. David Knapman. An Account of All desirous of doing so. Puritanism. London: William Benton, Known Instances of Families and Indi- Commissioners were sent to the colony Publisher. 1967. 879. viduals Named Knapman in the 1840s in 1664 where they sat in judgment of the and Their Origins. Compiled in May Governor and the General Court. Gover- 4. John C.L. Giessler. A Text Book of 2014. nor Endecott addressed a strongly worded Church History. Volume IV. The Refor- protest against this attempt to override mation and Its Results, 1517-1648. 17. Sir Roper Lethbridge. The Devonshire their privileges to Secretary William Mor- New York: Harper and Brothers, Pub- Ancestry and Early Homes of the Fam- rice on 19 October 1664. In his response, lishers. 340. ily of John Endecott, Governor of Mas- Morrice complained of Endecott’s dis- sachusetts Bay, 1629. W.J. South- affection and stated that the King would 5. Doran. The Tudor Chronicles. 370. wood & Co. Catherine Street, Exeter. be happy to see someone else elected to 1912. 18-19. lead the colony.77 6. Ibid. 374-375. Before the next election, John Endecott 18. Osborne. The Church Wardens’ Ac- died in Boston on 15 March 1665 at the 7. Jenkins. A Short History of England. counts of St. Michael’s Church, age of 77. His long service to the colony 166-168. Chagford, 1480-1600. 253, was recognized when he was buried on 23 March 1665 in the Granary Burial Grounds 8. Francis Mardon Osborne. The Church 19. Ibid. 260-267. in Boston in Tomb 189.78 In spite of many Wardens’ Accounts of St. Michael’s grants of land to the Governor over the Church, Chagford, 1480-1600. Printed 20. Ibid. 218. years, he died land poor in that he was by Redwood Burn Limited. Trow- often without liquid assets and in debt. In bridge. 1979. 44. 21. Ibid. 257. the “Diary of John Hull,” the Mint Master and Treasurer of the Colony of Massachu- 9. Ibid. 70. 22. Sir Roper Lethbridge. The Devonshire setts, he comments on the death as fol- Ancestry and Early Homes of the Fam- lows, “Our honored Governor, Mr. John 10. Ibid. 78. ily of John Endecott. 21-22. Endecott, departed this life – a man of pious and zealous spirit, who had very 11. Ibid. 82. 23. Osborne. The Church Wardens’ Ac- faithfully endeavored the suppression of a counts of St. Michael’s Church, pestilent generation, the troublers of our 12. Anonymous. All the Statutes of the Chagford, 1480-1600. 247. peace, civil and ecclesiastical, called Quak- Stannary. London. William Serer. ers. He died poor as most of our rulers 1562. (Only known copy at Hunting- 24. Henry Endecott. English Births and do, having more attended the public than ton Library, San Martino, California. Christenings 1538-1975. Christened at their own private interests. It is our Information provided by Tom Greeves St. John’s Parish Church, North Bovey, shame, though we are indeed a poor peo- of Devon to David Diamond and Ted- Devon, Aug 1591. (https:// ple, yet might better maintain our rulers dy Sanford in 2014. familysearch.org/ than we do. However, they had a good ark:/61903/1:1:JWXB-YHC ). God to reward them.79 13. G.R. Lewis, “The Stannary. A Study of the Medieval Tin Miners of Cornwell 25. The Jesuit Relations and Allied Docu- and Devon.” 1908. ments, Volume XXXVI. Lower Canada, Abernaki’s, 1650-1651. Cleveland.

John Endecott Family Association John Endecott Family Association

Abernaki’s, 1650-1651. Cleveland. Member of Parliament and some- 39. Mayo. John Endecott, a Biography. 14. 1899. 94-95. In 1651, Governor John times Devonshire Sheriff and piracy Endecott received a visit by a Jesuit commissioner. In his will of October 40. Ibid. 11. priest named Gabriel Druillette who 1593, he divided his principal lands. was touring New England. In his 9 His eldest son, George Southcott, in- 41. Lethbridge. The Devonshire Ancestry January 1651 report he says, “I went herited the estates of Hennock and of Governor John Endecott. 22. to Salem to converse with Sir Indecott Bovey Tracy. This George was the son who speaks and understands French of Thomas Southcott and his second 42. Ibid. 21-22. well.” wife, Susan Kirkham. There was an- other George Southcott who was the 43. LTC Teddy H. Sanford, Jr. Out of the 26. Donald L. Endicott. The Early Family of son of Thomas Southcott and his third Mist of Times Past. Elizabethtown, Governor John Endecott. Privately wife, Elizabeth Fitz Williams. One Kentucky. Privately Printed. Expres- Printed. Tucson, Arizona. 1981. Ap- more point. The eldest George South- sions Full Service Printing and Dupli- pendix A-2. cott married and had a son named cating. Spring 2015. 22-23. Thomas Southcott who later would 27. Endicott. The Early Life and Family of own Mohun Ottery in eastern Devon- 44. Mayo. John Endecott, a Biography. 7- Governor John Endecott. 6. shire. He, along with the future gov- 12. ernor, John Endecott, were two of the 28. Mark Stoyle. Loyalty and Locality: six purchasers of the patent for the 45. In many historical documents, John Popular allegiance in Devon during territory of the Massachusetts Bay. Endecott is often referred to as the English Civil War. Appendix. Adult “Captain,” but while there has been Male Population in 1642. University 33. Reverend Samuel Skelton. (https:// conjecture about where he received of Exeter Press. 1994. On page 305, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ the title, the proof remains to be seen. the adult male population of Stoke-in- Samuel_Skelton). Teignhead is shown as 159. 46. Alexander Young. Chronicles of the 34. Lawrence Shaw Mayo. John Endecott, First Planters of the Colony of Massa- 29. Marriage of Thomas Endecott and a Biography. Cambridge, MA. Har- chusetts Bay, 1623-1686. The Compa- Alice Blackaller Andrew. English Mar- vard University Press. 1936. 4-5. ny’s Second Letter of Instructions to riages, 1538-1973, index, Family Endecott and his Council. Baltimore. Search (https://familysearch.org/pal:/ 35. Catherine Drinker Brown. The Lion The Genealogical Publishing Compa- MM9.1.1/N2HQ-Hw5). and the Throne – The Life and Times ny, Inc. 172-173. of Sir Edward Coke (1552-1634). Little, 30. Christening of Gregory Andrew. Eng- Brown, and company. 1957. 47. Nathaniel Hawthorne. Twice Told Ta- lish Births and Christenings 1538- les. The May-Pole of Merry Mount. 1975, index, Family Search (https:// 36. Alice Endecott lease. Devon Archival Boston. American Stationers Compa- familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.1/JWFF Center, Exeter, DRO Z12/39/13. The ny. 1837. 78. -52). property descriptions are contained in the parcels clause of the lease tran- 48. Mayo. John Endecott, a Biography. 22. 31. Christening of Margaret Endecott. scribed on 25 April 2014. English Births and Christenings 1538- 49. Ibid. 22. 1975, index, Family Search (https:// 37. Marriage of John Endecott and Jane familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.1/KWFF Francis. English Marriages, 1538- 50. LTC Teddy H. Sanford, Jr and LTC Gor- -5JB). 1973, index, Family Search (https:// don S. Harmon. Family Legends and familysearch.org/pal:/M9.1.1.N2V2- the Search for Anne Gower. The 32. Christening of John Endecott. English 4WP). A detailed search of all 45 ad- Genealogist, Volume 34, No. 2 May Births and Christenings 1538-1975, ministrative divisions of England re- 2014. 95-96. index, Family Search (https:// vealed no other instance of a John familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.1/NSHS Endecott marriage between 1606 and 51. Ibid. 97. --CXV). For those troubled by the fact 1628 and the one that did occur was that Thomas Endecott had two sons very near his family homes at 52. John Winthrop. Winthrop’s Journal named John by different wives, there Drewston and Middlecott (10-12 1630-1649. Volume I. New York. are many examples in England of a miles). Charles Scribner’s Sons. 1908. 71. man having two sons with the same name but with different mothers. Con- 38. Lethbridge. The Devonshire Ancestry 53. Ibid. 71. sider the following: Thomas Southcott of Governor John Endecott. 20. of Bovey Tracy (c. 1528-1600) was a 54. Charles Moses Endicott. The Endecott

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Family. New England Historical Gene- 66. Charles M. Endicott. Memoir of John 77. Mayo. John Endecott, a Biography. alogical Register. Volume I. Reverend Endecott. First Governor of the Mas- 271. William Cogswell, Editor. Samuel G. sachusetts Bay. 12. Drake. Publisher. 1847. 335. 78. LTC Gordon S. Harmon. John En- 67. Simon Jenkins. A Short History of Eng- decott’s Burial: Mystery Resolved. 55. Nathaniel B. Shurtleff. Editor. Records land. In Association with the National GSH Visions. February 20, 2012. of the Governor and Company of the Trust. 2011. 181-183. Massachusetts Bay in New Eng- 79. Transactions and Collections of the land.1628-1686. Volume I. Boston. 68. Encyclopedia Britannia. Volume 8. American Antiquarian Society, Volume 1853-1854. 97. Governor John Endecott. London. 377- III. The Diary of John Hull. Worcester, 378. Mass. 1857. 56. The Endecott pear tree probably came from England aboard the Arabella in 69. Stephens. Editor. Dictionary of Nation- References: June 1630. See Joseph D. Postman’s al Biography. Volume 17. 373. article The Endecott Pear Tree: The Amery, P.F. Devon Notes and Queries. Vol- Oldest Living Fruit Tree in North Amer- 70. Friends of London in 1660. A Call from ume I (1900-1901). James G. Cummin, ica. National Clonal Germplasm Re- Death to Life; an Account of the 230 High Street, Exeter. 1901. pository – Corvallis, Oregon. Agricul- Suffering of Stephenson, Robinson, tural Research Service, United States and Dyer in New England, 1659. Print- Bradford, William. History of Plymouth Department of Agriculture. Retrieved ed by the Aungervyle Society. Edin- Plantation. Reprint from Massachu- 2008-08-08. burgh. 1886. setts Historical Collection and Edited w/Notes by Charles Dean. Boston. 57. Mayo. John Endecott, a Biography. 84 71. Lethbridge. The Devonshire Ancestry 1856. -85. of John Endecott. 28. Bower, Catherine Drinker. The Lion and 58. Ibid. 83. 72. Shurtleff. Records of the Governor and the Throne: The Life and Times of Sir Company of the Massachusetts Bay, Edward Coke. Atlantic Monthly Press 59. Wikipedia. Captain John Underhill. 1628-1686. Volume III. 256. Book. Little, Brown, and Co. Boston. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ 1956. Captain_John_Underhill). 73. William Cogswell. Memoir of Gover- nor Endecott. Volume I. 221. Bremer, Francis J. John Winthrop: Ameri- 60. LTC Gordon S. Harmon. Endecott- ca’s Forgotten Founding Father. New Endicott Family History. 2002. 74. Encyclopedia Britannia. Volume 5. 307 York. Oxford University Press. 2003. (https://beatll.barnard.columbia.edu/ -309. texts/gardeners_narrative.htm) 91. Collections of the Massachusetts Historical 75. Dr. Francis J. Bremer. John Winthrop: Society: Volume VIII of the Second 61. LTC Teddy H. Sanford, Jr. The Military America’s Forgotten Founding Father. Edition. Printed by Nathan Hale. Con- History of John Endecott, First Gover- 2003/ 151. Lieutenant General Ed- gress Street, Boston. 1826. nor of the Massachusetts Bay and ward Whaley and his son-in-law, Ma- Major General of Massachusetts. Pri- jor General Thomas Goffe, were prom- Cogswell, Reverend William. Editor. Mem- vately Printed. Elizabethtown, Ken- inent military officers in the Parlia- oir of Governor Endecott. Boston: New tucky. 2011. 4-5. mentary forces under Oliver Cromwell England Historical and Genealogical during and after the English Civil War. Register. Volume I. 62. Shurtleff: Records of the Governor and Whaley was one of the signers of the Company of the Massachusetts Bay in death warrant for King Charles I. Cutter, William Richard. Historic Homes New England, 1628-1686. Volume I. When the Commonwealth of England and Places and Genealogical and Per- 206. was overthrown and the Kingdom sonal Memoirs Relating to the Fami- restored in 1660, both men fled to the lies of the State of Massachusetts. 63. Town Records of Salem Massachu- Massachusetts Bay Colony and were History of the NEHGS, Volume III and setts, 1634-1681. Volume I. 103. well received by Governor Endecott. IV. New York. Lewis Historical Publish- They were hidden and protected by ing Company. 1908. 64. Shurtleff. 262. the governor and they lived out their lives in the colony. Endicott, Charles M. Esq. of Salem. The 65. Encyclopedia Britannia. Volume 8. Endecott Family. Frankfort, Pa.: Mar- John Endecot; London. 377-378. 76. Mayo. John Endecott, a Biography. tin and Allardyce. 1911. 271.

John Endecott Family Association John Endecott Family Association

Endicott, Donald L. Sr. the Early Life and of John Endecott, Governor of the 1872. Family of Governor John Endecott, Massachusetts Bay Colony. Privately Governor of the Massachusetts Bay, printed. 1943 and 1949. Snow, Caleb H. The History of Boston. Pub- 1629. Privately Printed Manuscript. lished by Abel Bowen, Congress Tucson, Arizona. June, 1981. Osborne, Francis Mardon. The Church Square, Boston. 1825. Wardens’ Accounts of St. Michael’s Felt, Joseph Barlow. The Annals of Salem Church, Chagford, 1480-1600. Printed Stoyle, Mark. Loyalty and Locality. Popular from its First Settlement. Salem: Li- by Redwood Burn Ltd. Trowbridge. Allegiance in Devon during the English brary of Congress DOC22366122. 1979. Civil War. University of Exeter Press. 1827. Exeter, Devon. 1994. Palfrey, John Gorman. The History of New Fry, Edward Alexander. Calendar of Wills England during the Stuart Dynasty, Taylor, John Metcalf. Roger Ludlow, the and Administration Related to the volumes I and II. Little, Brown, and Colonial Lawmaker. New York and Counties of Devon and Cornwall, 1559 Company. Boston. 1860. London. Published by G.P. Putman’s -1799. Printed by William Brendon Sons. 1900. and Son, Ltd. Plymouth. 1908. Putnam, Eben. Putnam’s Historical Maga- zine. Harvard College Library. 1899. Waters, Henry F. Genealogical Gleanings Friends of London, 1660. A Call from Death in England. New England Genealogi- to Life: An Account of the Suffering of Sanford, LTC Teddy H. Jr. The Living and cal Society of Boston. 1901. Marmaduke Stephenson William Rob- the Dead in Chagford, 1480-1600. inson, and Mary Dyer in New England Privately Printed by Expressions Full Westcott, Thomas. A View of Devonshire in the Year 1659. Printed by the Service Printing. Elizabethtown, Ken- in 1630. Published by William Roberts. Aungervyle Society. Edinburgh. 1886. tucky. Spring, 2015. 197 High Street. Exeter. 1845.

Hager, Laura G. The Ancestry of John En- Sanford, LTC Teddy H. Jr. Out of the Mist Winsor, Justin. The Memorial History of decott and Elizabeth Cogan. Privately of Times Past. Privately Printed by Boston 1630-1880, Volume I. Boston: printed and copyrighted in New Brit- Expressions Full Service Printing. Eliz- Osgood. 1881-1882. ain, Pa. in August 2000. abethtown, Kentucky. 2015/2018.. Winthrop, John. The History of New Eng- Harmon, Gordon S. Endecott-Endicott Sanford, LTC Teddy H. Jr. Historical Time- land 1630-1649. As recorded in the Family History. GSH Visions. Spring- lines of the Puritan Fathers and the James K. Hosmer’s Original Narratives field, Missouri. 2002. Lives of the Endecott Family, 1261- of Early American History. Volume II. 1692. Privately Printed by Expressions 1908. Hawthorne, Nathaniel. Twice Told Tales. Full Service Printing. Elizabethtown, American Stationers Company. 1837. Kentucky. Spring 2015. Young, Alexander. Chronicle of the First Planters of the colony of Massachu- Hubbard, Reverend William. General His- Sanford, LTC Teddy H. Jr. John Endecott’s setts Bay from 1623-1636. Reprinted. tory of New England from the Discov- Military Service. Published in Our En- Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing ery to 1680. Boston. Charles C. Little dicott Heritage Trail, Volume 8. Janu- Company. 2004. and James Brown. 1848. ary 2012.

Jesuit Relations and Allied Documents. Sanford, LTC Teddy H. Jr. and Harmon, LTC Volume XXXVI, Lower Canada, Aber- Gordon S. Family Legends and the naki’s. 1650-1651, Cleveland. 1899. Search for Anne Gower. Published in Many of these references, in- the Essex Genealogist. Volume 34. No. Lethbridge, Sir Roper. The Devonshire An- 2. May 2014. cluding rare and out-of-print cestry and the Early Homes of the books, are available through Family of John Endecott, Governor of Shurtleff, Nathaniel B. Records of the Gov- the Massachusetts Bay, 1629. Exeter. ernors and Company of the Massa- the John Endecott Family W.J. Southwood and Company. 1912. chusetts Bay from 1623-1641, Volume Association Web site: I. Boston. William White, Printer to www.endecottendicott.com/ Mayo, Lawrence Shaw. John Endecott, a the Commonwealth. 1863. Biography. Cambridge, Mass. Harvard books University Press. 1936. St. George. Sir Henry (1581-1644). The Visitation of Devonshire in the Year McCloskey, Mabel M. Some Descendants 1620. Taylor and Company. London.

John Endecott Family Association John Endecott Family Association

Go With an Experienced Team the camps on Everest for the group. Four ENDICOTTS TAKE ON MOUNT EVER- Sherpas accompanied the group to the EST very top. By To climb Mount Everest the best

President Bill Endicott way to increase the odds you’ll get to the summit and make it out alive is to go with Mom Comes Too

a team led by an experienced guide,

On May 16, 2018 at 11:22 a.m., Oliver someone who’s done multiple ascents Ames, a descendant of Governor John before, and critically, with support of Accompanying the group on the hike to Endecott, stood at the summit of Mount Sherpas who manage all of the complicat- Everest were 5 “Everest Team Trekkers” Everest, altitude 29,029 feet. Here is the ed logistics and supplies, including the who hiked in with the group but who did- story of how that happened. oxygen. n’t make the climb up Everest. One of them was Eve Endicott, age 70, Oliver’s

mother! Experienced Climber You can go by yourself if you

want to but it’s a good way to die. Rec-

ords show that to date there have been Big Commitment Oliver, age 30, is an experienced 297 deaths on Everest, most of them due mountaineer, having already climbed four to avalanches, injuries from falls, ice col- Training for Everest takes years out of the “Seven Summits” (the highest lapse, exposure, frostbite, or health prob- and preparation begins in earnest one mountains on each continent): Denali, lems related to conditions on the moun- year out. It takes a lot of specialized Kilimanjaro, Aconcagua, and Mont Blanc tain. (as well as the Matterhorn and Petit Pi- mountain climbing gear to make an ton). attempt on Everest. Then there’s the cost of flying there, paying for a permit to

climb, living there for two months, and

So naturally, he wanted to add Mount paying for Sherpas and guides. Altogether Everest to the list. (Eventually he plans to Jagged Globe you have to raise upwards of $60,000 to climb the final two: Mt. Vinson in Antarcti- make the climb. Oliver was fortunate to ca and the Carstensz Pyramid in Papua, have a very generous boss (at the law firm New Guinea). He also wanted to use the Oliver went with a five-member climbing where he previously worked) who spon- expedition to raise money for the Bishop group with representation from the USA, sored his climb financially and granted him John T. Walker School for Boys in Wash- the UK, Ireland and Belgium organized by extensive leave. ington, DC, and he succeeded in raising a British company called Jagged Globe. Getting to Everest $10,000 for them (having raised over The group was led by David Hamilton who $8,000 for the school previously with his had summited Everest 8 times before and the group was supported by a rotation of Denali ascent). So it was that on March 26, Oliver and seven Sherpas who ferried loads between mom Eve Endicott flew to Kathmandu in

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ENDICOTTS TAKE ON MOUNT EVEREST By President Bill Endicott

On May 16, 2018 at 11:22 a.m., Oliver Endecott, stood at the summit of Mount story of how that happened. Ames, a descendant of Governor John Everest, altitude 29,029 feet. Here is the

Experienced Climber Oliver, age 30, is an experienced moun- ton). expedition to raise money for the Bishop taineer, having already climbed four out John T. Walker School for Boys in Wash- So naturally, he wanted to add Mount of the “Seven Summits” (the highest ington, DC, and he succeeded in raising Everest to the list. (Eventually he plans to mountains on each continent): Denali, $10,000 for them (having raised over climb the final two: Mt. Vinson in Antarcti- Kilimanjaro, Aconcagua, and Mont Blanc $8,000 for the school previously with his ca and the Carstensz Pyramid in Papua, (as well as the Matterhorn and Petit Pi- Denali ascent). New Guinea). He also wanted to use the Go With an Experienced Team To climb Mount Everest the best way to critically, with support of Sherpas who to date there have been 297 deaths on increase the odds you’ll get to the summit manage all of the complicated logistics Everest, most of them due to avalanches, and make it out alive is to go with a team and supplies, including the oxygen. injuries from falls, ice collapse, exposure, led by an experienced guide, someone frostbite, or health problems related to You can go by yourself if you want to but who’s done multiple ascents before, and conditions on the mountain. it’s a good way to die. Records show that Jagged Globe

Oliver went with a five-member climbing The group was led by David Hamilton who the camps on Everest for the group. Four group with representation from the USA, had summited Everest 8 times before and Sherpas accompanied the group to the the UK, Ireland and Belgium organized by the group was supported by a rotation of very top. a British company called Jagged Globe. seven Sherpas who ferried loads between

Mom Comes Too Accompanying the group on the hike to who hiked in with the group but who did- them was Eve Endicott, age 70, Oliver’s Everest were 5 “Everest Team Trekkers” n’t make the climb up Everest. One of mother!

Big Commitment

Training for Everest takes years and prep- ing for a permit to climb, living there for boss (at the law firm where he previously aration begins in earnest one year out. It two months, and paying for Sherpas and worked) who sponsored his climb finan- takes a lot of specialized mountain climb- guides. Altogether you have to raise up- cially and granted him extensive leave. ing gear to make an attempt on Everest. wards of $60,000 to make the climb. Oli- Then there’s the cost of flying there, pay- ver was fortunate to have a very generous Getting to Everest

So it was that on March 26, Oliver and peatedly ranked among the most danger- region in the Himalaya, overnighting in so- mom Eve Endicott flew to Kathmandu in ous airports in the world, due to its short, called “tea houses” (which are actually Nepal. (There are two starting points for inclined runway and setting in a windy lodges accommodating up to 50 people climbing Mount Everest, Nepal and China, valley at approximately 9,380 feet. and in some cases more than that) along but Nepal is consistently the most popu- the way. On the way Eve climbed Kala The group then hiked for nine days from lar). They then flew from Kathmandu to Patthar with the group, reaching a height Lukla to Mount Everest Base Camp, via Lukla, Nepal, on March 28. Lukla is re- of 18,514 feet, her personal elevation rec- Namche Bazaar, the capital of the Sherpa

John Endecott Family Association John Endecott Family Association ord. After reaching Everest Base Camp and Godspeed, she retraced her steps with the Blanco, also made the trek to Base Camp, wishing Oliver and the other climbers other trekkers. Oliver’s girlfriend, Emily meeting Oliver upon his descent. Acclimatizing One big reason to hike in like this is to and Ibuprofen can help aid the process. vious week, the four climbers, their lead- slowly acclimate to increasing altitude. A But the other reason for moving slowly is er, and the Sherpas began to “lay siege” to gain of about 300 meters per day is con- to enjoy the beauty of the Himalayas and Mount Everest. sidered safe, with a rest day between learn something about the local culture. You don’t just show up at Mount Everest moves advised. This process cannot be Starting on April 8, having acclimatized to one day, climb it the next and then go rushed. Certain medications, like Diamox their quarters in Base Camp over the pre- home. Siege Strategy

Instead, as a part of the siege strategy, crampons on rickety aluminum ladders) oxygen and antibiotics. He became ex- you do “rotations” (training climbs) up and looming “seracs” as big as buildings tremely dehydrated and took four days to and down at increasingly higher altitudes (which, when they fall, are often deadly). recover. Thankfully, the team had arrived in order to get acclimated to the problems a week early to arrange logistics on the Unfortunately, a few days after arrival to of climbing at such heights and become mountain, and Oliver's summit attempt Base Camp, Oliver and the Irishman in the familiar with the technical features. Oli- was spared. Food safety and overall hy- group both came down with a serious ver made about a dozen such preparation giene were critical, daily concerns given case of food-borne illness, resulting most climbs, which means 12 trips through the the close quarters of the climbers and lack likely from a plate of vegetables washed in Khumbu icefall, the unstable glacier area of proper sanitation. contaminated water. Oliver was put on laced with crevasses (often crossed with 2014 and 2015 Disasters

There have been two recent disasters on but that route was quite relevant to the respect for the slain Sherpas, no one Everest, in 2014 (icefall avalanche) and route that Oliver’s team needed to take climbed on April 18, the exact date of the 2015 (earthquake) in the area. The 2014 through the icefall, so, they wanted to do 2014 disaster. That is a new tradition that avalanche claimed the lives of 14 Sherpas rotations in that area. However, out of Oliver doesn’t ever see changing. Making the Climb The jet stream courses directly over the May, when the jet stream nudges north of ating there for a while before moving to summit of Everest about 50 weeks of the the Himalaya. And May 16 was deter- the next stage. Here are the stages, their year with winds of around 100 miles an mined to be the day Oliver and his group altitudes, and about how long it takes to hour. That means there is usually an opti- would go for it. get from one to the other (but not includ- mum “window of opportunity” for sum- ing rest times at each): To climb Everest, you do it in seven stag- miting Everest that comes in mid- to late- es, reaching one stage and then recuper- Base Camp — Altitude 17,600 — Hike in 9 days

Base Camp is like a little town of 1,000 phones buzz in international languages as stories.” Information of varying qualities people, with an atmosphere alternating people in tents phone home. Journalists on weather and rescues creates sweeping between festive and funereal. Satellite and families and climbers exchange “war rumors and valuable intel in equal parts. Camp 1 — Altitude 19,350 — 5 to 8 hours

This is in a vast crevassed platform of end- George Mallory, an early Everest pioneer, broken ice suspended over a frozen river less snow and glacier, prone to ava- named the valley the Cwm in 1921, and it that extends at a 50 degree angle from lanches. Camp 1 is the gateway to the is Welsh for bowl-shaped valley. To reach Base Camp up to the flanks of Everest. highest valley on Earth, known both as the it you must navigate the aforementioned,

Valley of Silence and the Western Cwm. treacherous Khumbu Icefall, a cascade of

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Pounding headaches and respiratory in- Champion) abandoned her climb early (leader), Pem Chirri (22 summits), provid- fections, the “Khumbu cough,” can often here after suffering from hypoxia follow- ed oxygen to Victoria, and she made it plague you and don’t let up for the rest of ing an acclimatization schedule deemed safely to hospital in Kathmandu two days the trip. This year, British Olympian Victo- too rapid by Oliver’s guide, David Hamil- later. ria Pendleton (2012 Olympic Cycling ton. David and his team’s Sherpa Sirdar

Camp 2 — Altitude 21,325 — 4 to 6 hours

This is a rocky strip nestled in the Cwm, from a couple of feet to a hundred feet, Due to the effects of solar radiation on the under the looming buttress formed by and depths of upwards of 300 feet. Camp highly reflective glacial slopes and cold Everest’s sheer, 7,900-foot southeast face. 2 represents the last place to get a real drainage, temperatures here vary drasti- The route from Camp 1 meanders around, meal and, more importantly, offers the cally and can range between -50º and into, and across crevasses varying in width last opportunity for helicopter evacuation. +95º Fahrenheit. Camp 3 — Altitude 23,362— 4 to 6 hours

This camp is carved by Sherpas into an ice Lhotse’s south face, the part Lhotse has means driving the two special teeth on shelf halfway up the 5,000-foot Lhotse in common with Everest, is a mile-high the front of the crampons into the ice. Face. Lhotse, at 27,939 feet, is Everest’s wall of blue ice that is the source of the You don't want to lean too far forward or eastern neighbor and the fourth highest Khumbu icefall and the Dudh Kosi river, backward or you will lose either your mountain in the world. It’s so close to the highest river in the world, which flows footing or balance. The sane will start Everest, though, that their bases connect along the trekking route. To reach Camp using supplemental oxygen from here on and to climb either one, the first part of 3, you must “front point” on crampons out! the trip is the same. Only later do you and ascend with ropes over complex,

switch to climb Everest specifically. overhanging ice features. Front pointing

Camp 4 (South Col) — Altitude 26,246— 8 to 10 hours

The final camp sits on a plateau or Col the border between Tibet and Nepal and entered the “death zone,” a threshold that between the summits of Everest and sit below the summit pyramid of Everest begins around 26,000 feet, where the Lhotse. This is a moonscape, pocked by proper. The sky is a dark, limitless blue–– body literally starts to die from lack of 400 million year-old granite that used to because you are as close to space as you oxygen. So you need to spend as little rest on the floor of the Indian Sea. The can get on earth. time there as possible, even if you are cluster of windswept tents here straddle breathing supplemental oxygen. Upon arrival at the South Col, you have

Camp 5 (Balcony) — Altitude 27,500 — 7 hours Camp 6 (South Summit) - Altitude 28,700 — 3 hours Camp 7 (Summit) - Altitude 29,035 — 1.5 hours Descent to Camp 4—Altitude 26,246 — 8 hours

Group Leader Hamilton maintained a blog looking at his GPS readings online almost Everything seemed to be going according about the whole adventure which you can hour by hour. It was incredible! to schedule except for the final part of the access at https://www.jagged- climb, from the South Summit to the Sum- By looking at how long it had taken previ- globe.co.uk/news/blog.php?id=61#i921. mit. Normally this should take a little ous groups to do the different stages it more than an hour. But an hour went by, I followed this blog during much of the was possible to calculate when Oliver and then two, and Oliver still was not whole trip. And then on summit day, it should reach each stage and then the there. Uh, oh. Finally, after three hours was possible to follow Oliver personally by summit. the GPS showed Oliver was at the top!

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After that the GPS showed him making a record 140 people summited Mount Ever- were able to summit for 10 consecu- fast descent. Later we learned the reason est! This is testimony to the fact that tive days. it had taken so long to do the final stage what was once seen as virtually unimagi- • But there was more snow than he had was because Oliver and his group had to nable has now become imaginable if you ever experienced before, which actu- wait for an hour and a half at 28,500 feet, know what you are doing and are really ally makes climbing easier in most just below the Hillary step, while an earlier prepared with the right equipment and places. group navigated the southeast ridge to support. the summit. The final climb passes And there were more people than ever Later, group leader Hamilton said that through a narrow, vertical bottleneck and before, which was the biggest problem. compared to his eight previous trips to the Oliver had to wait for many other people The final push had taken Hamilton about top of Everest, this time: to go through first. 14 hours in the past but this time it took • The weather was ideal on climbing 20 hours because of all the people. In fact, it turned out that on that day a day and was so good that people

Consequences

Even though more and more people are peak, Oliver had gotten low-grade frost- South Col by the traditional 2:00 p.m. summiting Everest you can still die there bite on his toes on his seventeen-hour turnaround time. and during the period Oliver was there summit day. Like many alpine ailments, He was concerned in the early morning five people died, but none from his group. once you have had frostbite, that area of hours that his feet were getting too cold in However, one of Oliver’s team members, the body is more susceptible to future the -30º Fahrenheit temperatures and was again the Irishman, unfortunately did have frostbite. considering turning around. His Sherpa, to abandon his climb at Camp 2 after com- As a result, Oliver was deeply concerned Rakesh, assured him that if he could keep ing down with pneumonia. (He also had to about his feet on the Everest summit blood flowing to his feet by stomping his abandon a previous attempt in 2015, hav- attempt. Every year there are amputations feet and swinging his legs until 5:00 a.m. ing been injured in the Everest avalanche of extremities due to frostbite and 2018 when the sun would rise he would be OK. mentioned above.) The rest summited. was no exception. Rakesh was right, and Oliver continued to But one of the ones who summited expe- Oliver's summit bid began at 11:00 p.m. the summit. However, after the climb Oli- rienced Deep Vein Thrombosis (i.e. a on May 15th, meaning that he would be ver did receive the news that he had blood clot in the leg) on the ascent but climbing through the coldest part of the gotten Grade 1 frostbite on his big toes, didn’t tell anyone about it. He went to the night in order to reach the summit in the but no permanent damage. top and back anyway figuring he’d never morning and have time to descend to the get another chance to do it. Later, when they got him to the hospital, his blood was so thick they couldn’t drain the wound right away. But he survived. If he had had a stroke during the climb, which certainly was possible, it would have been up to the climbing team to deal with it––maybe even causing them to abandon their as- cent.

And Oliver himself didn’t emerge entirely unscathed––he got Grade 1 frostbite on his big toes.

On a previous, preparatory expedition to Denali in Alaska, (formerly known as Mount McKinley) North America's highest Eve and Oliver at Base Camp (Oliver is 6’5”)

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Here are Eve’s overall impressions of her trip:

*It was wonderful to spend two weeks * Gradual acclimatization, lots of water, Soul”) could I have understood what Oli- with my younger son in a beautiful place and daily ibuprofen helped keep me from ver and his teammates accomplished. It is doing what I most love to do – long- suffering any altitude sickness, but suscep- not just the climbing that is challenging: it distance walking -- before I “lose” him to tibility is highly variable with the individu- is climbing while sick, alternately hot and grown-up obligations (he has just started al. freezing, and sleep- and food-deprived business school at Georgetown). Fortu- (Oliver lost 30 pounds over the course of * If someone isn’t going with a climbing nately, I had no problems with the altitude the expedition). In Krakauer’s words: team, he or she should consider less popu- or the trek itself. I very much enjoyed “Above the comforts of Base Camp, the lar treks in the Himalaya than the Everest getting to know the two Sherpas who ac- expedition in fact became an almost Cal- base camp trip such as the Gokyo circuit. I companied us and glimpsing their culture. vinistic undertaking. The ratio of misery to most enjoyed the less crowded side paths pleasure was greater by an order of mag- * The walking was challenging – like climb- we sometimes took. nitude than any other mountain I’d been ing up and down endless sets of steps, * Only by doing the trek and reading on….climbing Everest was primarily about since the trail has been “hardened” for books like Jon Krakauer’s “Into Thin enduring pain.” I am as proud of Oliver’s much of its length – but even at 70 I was Air” (along with two other accounts from determination as of his achievement. not the oldest trekker in the group. Good 1996, the IMAX Everest film and Jamling Must be that Puritan blood! boots and going slowly are the key! Norgay’s book “Touching My Father’s

Here are Oliver’s overall impressions of climbing Mount Everest:

* Some say that they climb “because it is Nepalese side is, and they know it better first in our family (that I know of) to visit there,” but I climb for the existential than anyone. Nepal in 1974, and he introduced me to peace, opportunity for contemplation, and climbing. He wasn’t able to join us this * Climbing, and life, for me, is best as a natural challenge that mountaineering time around unfortunately, but I will end team sport. I have done some solo climb- provides me. In my small estimation, there on his belief that everyone should visit ing, but the camaraderie and bonding I are few better ways to travel, exercise, or Nepal and the Himalaya if possible. The have experienced with old friends and see the world. Not to mention meet inter- Sherpa are some of the friendliest and strangers alike are a big driver of why I esting people, encounter new cultures, or most inspiring people you will ever meet, continue returning to the mountains. spend time with the most important wom- and the Himalaya contain the most beauti- en in my life, my mother Eve and girl- * I spent 30 minutes at the summit and ful and stark natural landscapes I have friend, Emily. sat there stunned with both a profound * I have compressed a lot of mountain- sense of gratitude eering and summits into the past six years, and an incredible, but I see the Seven Summits as a lifelong visceral sense of how quest. Mount Vinson (Antarctica) is a peer miniscule we all are to Denali and Everest and is going to take and how fragile life just as much preparation as Everest did. is. Coming down was Carstensz Pyramid (Papua, New Guinea) is an order of magni- a fascinating mountain that is incredibly tude scarier than remote and is the most technical of the going up, despite it seven, so I have my work cut out for me. taking 1/10th of the * I could not have made it an inch above time. 60 percent of Camp 2 without the partnership of Sher- accidents are on the pas Pem Chirri and Rakesh Lama. They are descent. two of the strongest men I have ever met. * My father was the Oliver (with mask) and his Sherpa, Rakesh Lama, on the This is the Sherpas’ mountain, at least the summit of Mount Everest

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