LIBRARY ^NSSACHt,^^^ 1895 Gl FT OF WESTFIELD STATE COLLEGE LIBRARY ORIGINAL NARRATIVES OF EARLY AMERICAN HISTORY REPRODUCED UNDER THE AUSPICES OF THE AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION General Editor, J. FRANKLIN JAMESON, Ph.D., LL.D. DIRECTOR OF THE DEPARTMENT OP HISTORICAL RESEARCH IN THE CAKNBGIB INSTITUTION OF WASHINGTON WINTHROFS JOURNAL 1630 — 1649 Volume I r"7 i-^ » '^1- **. '* '*' <>,>'•*'' '^^^^^. a.^/^^^^ ^Vc^^-f''f >.^^-«*- ^»- f^*.* vi f^'tiy r-^.^-^ ^4w;.- <i 4ossr, ^<>^ FIRST PAGE OF THE WINTHROP MANUSCRIPT From the original in the Library of the Massachusetts Historical Society ORIGINAL NARRATIVES OF EARLT AMERICAN HISTORY WINTHROP'S JOURNAL "HISTORY OF NEW ENGLAND" 1630—1649 EDITED BY JAMES KENDALL HOSMER, LLD. CORRESPONDING MEMBER OF THE MASSACHUSETTS HISTORICAL SOCIETY AND OF THE COLONIAL SOCIETY OF MASSACHUSETTS WITH MAPS AND FA CI ^^eStF^^ NORMAL SCHOOL VOLUME I CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS NEW YORK 1908 \^ c-4 COPYRIGHT, 1908, BY CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS Published June, 1908 \J . 1 NOTE While in this edition of Winthrop's Journal we have followed, as Dr. Hosmer explains in his Introduction, the text prepared by Savage, it has been thought wise to add devices which will make the dates easier for the reader to follow; but these have, it is hoped, been given such a form that the reader will have no difficulty in distinguishing added words or figures from those belonging to the original text. Winthrop makes no division into chapters. In this edition the text has, for the reader's convenience, been broken by headings repre- senting the years. These, however, in accordance with modern usage, have been set at the beginning of January, not at the date with which Winthrop began his year, the first of March. The dates set in the inner margins of the headlines to our pages have been arranged on the same plan. Early in 1635 Winthrop abandons in his text the Roman names of the months, substituting, in accordance with Puritan sentiment, a system of numbering, beginning with March as the first month. In this edition the more- familiar names of the months are inserted in italics. With respect to the first of the illustrations, it may be mentioned that the first volume of the original manuscript has pages of about 7| by 5^ inches, so that the facsimile here presented is somewhat reduced. The second facsimile exhibits the famous patent of 1629 to the Massachusetts Company, the conveyance of which to New England was of so momentous consequences to the colony. Though annulled in 1684, the original patent has remained in Massachusetts, and is now exhibited in the office of the Secretary of State, to whom we are indebted for permission to reproduce it. The next illustration, reproducing the map given in William Wood's book called New England's Prospect, bears date of 1634, the year in which that book was published. Wood was an intelligent traveller, whose book is of much value. It was reproduced by the Prince Society in 1634, edited by Dr. Charles Deane. Wood left New England August 15, 1633, and the map no doubt represents the state of settlement at the time of his departure. It is closely related to the map reproduced in Winsor's \'^0\^ vi NOTE Narrative and Critical History of America, III. 381, which, by whom- soever draughted, bears a marginal key in the handwriting of Gov- ernor Winthrop. Perhaps Wood depended in part on this map, now in the British Museum; perhaps both were based in greater or less degree on the same original survey. Of the two maps. Wood's has been selected for reproduction in this volume, because it is much more easily read. It is here presented in the size of the original. For the opportunity to photograph it, and also the title-page of the Short Story, we are indebted to Mr. Wilberforce Eames of the Lenox Library; for similar permission in the case of the precious original manuscript of Winthrop, to Dr. Samuel A. Green, Librarian of the Massachusetts Historical Society. J. F. J. CONTENTS WINTHROP'S JOURNAL "HISTORY OF NEW ENGLAND" Edited by James Kendall Hosmer PAGE Introduction 3 Journal 23 1630 Winthrop's Fleet sails from the Isle of Wight 24 A Fast kept on the Ships , . 25 Matthew Cradock bids Farewell to the Fleet 26 Danger feared from Hostile Ships 27 Captain Kirk encountered on the High Seas ..... 36 Tempest strikes the Fleet 37 Mount Desert sighted ... 47 Arbella casts Anchor in Salem Harbor 50 Expedition to Massachusetts Bay 50 Marriage of John Endicott 51 Settlement at Charlestown 52 Death of the Lady Arbella and Isaac Johnson 52 Boston occupied and a Church organized ...... 52 Salem, Dorchester, Watertown and Roxbury named .... 52 The Plantation set in Order 53 Winter Severities 55 1631 Prevalence of Illness 58 Friendly Overtures from Chickatabot and other Sachems ... 59 Rev. John Wilson departs for England 60 Roger Williams at Salem .... .... 61 Sir Christopher Gardiner 63 Philip Ratcliffe disciplined for traducing Church and Government . 64 The Blessing of the Bay launched 65 vii vm CONTENTS PAGE Piscataqua heard from 69 The Lyon arrives, with important Succor 70 Bradford of Plymouth visits Boston . 71 1632 Winthrop explores the Neighborhood 73 People press for more Power 74 Winthrop reelected Governor; Deputies chosen by the Towns 79 The French to the Eastward heard from .... 82 Churches consult after the Congregational Way . 83 Winthrop and Dudley disagree 84 Narragansetts send Envoys 89 Return of Rev. John Wilson 91 Winthrop visits Plymouth 92 Pirates give Trouble to the Eastward 95 1633 Gorges and Mason Petition against us ... 99 Gardiner, Morton and Ratcliffe make Trouble . 100 Thanksgiving over Friends preserved and Foes confounded 102 Arrival of John Cotton, Thomas Hooker and John Haynes 105 John Oldham goes Overland to the Connecticut 108 The Blessing of the Bay sails to the Connecticut and the Dutch 109 John Cotton made Teacher of the Boston Church 110 Roger Williams at Salem takes Exception .... 112 Two Sagamores and Most of their Folks die of Smallpox . 115 The Lord directs through John Cotton the Support of the Ministers 116 1634 The Narragansetts lose Seven Hundred by Smallpox 118 Controversy as to Women's wearing Veils . 120 Satan bestirs himself to Distract the Churches 121 Deputies sent from Towns to General Court 122 The Killing of Hockin .... 123 Thomas Dudley chosen Governor 125 Four General Courts a Year, of Magistrates and Deputies 125 News of the Founding of Maryland .... 126 Archbishops and Others try to stay the Ships and annul the Patent 127 Profitable Trade with Manhattan and the Kennebec Country . 130 Newtown desires to Remove to Connecticut 132 Legislation against Tobacco, Costly Apparel, etc. 134 Threatenings of the Privy Council against our Patent 135 The Cross cut out of the Ensign at Salem . 137 Pequots desire our Friendship 138 John Eliot, Friend of Massachusetts Indians 142 The Dutch to the Westward cause Anxiety 144 CONTENTS IX 1635 Interference from England feared .... Military Commission established John Haynes chosen Governor Endicott questioned about Defacing the Ensign . Disturbed Relations between Magistrates and Deputies Fear of the Schemes of Gorges and Mason Roger Williams called to Account for Dangerous Opinions The French capture Penobscot, a Plantation of Plymouth Arrival of Thomas Shepard and Hugh Peter Young Henry Vane, called to the Obedience of the Gospel, arrives Hugh Peter's Practical Good Sense 1636 Roger Williams gives Trouble .... Hugh Peter's Practical Benevolence . Vane and Peter set themselves up as Arbiters Flag devised leaving out the Cross Henry Vane elected Governor .... The King's Colors set up at Castle Island . Murder of John Oldham brings on the Pequot War Narragansetts remain Friendly .... Endicott's Expedition to Block Island Miantonomo received in Boston .... Anne Hutchinson gives Trouble .... Distraction in the New England Churches . The French claim most of the Maine Coast General Court and the Elders take Council John Cotton intervenes and is disapproved 1637 General Fast over the miserable Estate of the Churches Wheelwright questioned on Account of his Sermon Underbill sent to Connecticut with Soldiers Reluctance of Plymouth to take Part in the War Winthrop made Governor at stormy Session Cotton and Shepard as Reconcilers John Mason's Victory over the Pequots Discontent of Henry Vane .... Pequots dispersed and destroyed . Three hundred and sixty Immigrants in one Day Sir Ferdinando Gorges wishes to be Governor-General Pequot Survivors deported and enslaved Henry Vane departs for England A Movement toward Confederation of the Colonies Synod convened to deal with the Errors X CONTENTS PAGE The Case of William Schooler 236 Thanksgiving for Success in War and in the Synod .... 238 Hutchinsonians disfranchised and banished 239 Mrs. Hutchinson summoned before the Court 240 A Short Story, etc., Composed and Sent to England .... 241 Extract from the Short Story 242 The Accusations of the Church against Mrs. Hutchinson . 243 Her Defense 247 Cotton's Admonition 248 Her Unsatisfactory Answers 249 She is Excommunicated 251 Reflections upon her Conduct 252 Journal resumed; Winthrop's Defense 256 1638 Erroneous Opinions still Prevailing 259 Mrs. Hutchinson dealt with by the Church 260 She is Excommunicated 263 Hutchinsonians buy Aquidneck, an Island in Narragansett Bay . 264 God's Displeasure at Mrs. Hutchinson shown by a monstrous Birth . 266 A great Earthquake experienced 270 Uncas the Mohican proffers Friendship 271 Many Hutchinsonians go to Aquidneck ... 273 Excuse given for not surrendering the Patent ..... 274 Underbill suspected of Incontinence 275 Evil of new Fashions and costly Apparel 279 Massachusetts displeased with the Piscataqua Plantations . 280 The Rowley Church bewail their Shortcomings 281 Fast over Illness and Decay of Religion 283 Cotton's Self-accusation 284 The Devil bestirs himself 285 Jealousies among the Colonies 287 Letter to Mr.