2 2 FEV. 1972 ~

REPUBLIC OF KENYA

SURVEY OF KENYA ANNUAL REPORT 1969

Four Shillings - 1970

SURVEY OF KENYA ANNUAL REPORT 1969 CONTENTS

1. R.EVIEW OF THE YEAR

2. ADMINISTRATION .• 2 2.1 General 2 2.2 Visits and Visitors 2 2.3 Establishment 2 2.4 Finance 4 2.5 Labour 5 2.6 Stores 5 2. 7 Transport 5 2.8 Buildings 5

3. LAND SURVEYORS BOARD 5

4. CADASTRAL BRANCH 6 4.1 General 6 4.2 Cadastral Surveys 6 4.3 SeUlement Mapping 6 4.4 Computing and Checking 7 4.5 Boundaries and Cadastral Fair Drawing Office 7 4.6 Records Drawing Office 8 4. 7 Survey Records Office 8

5. MAPPING AND TECHNICAL BRANCH 9 5.1 Triangulation and Traversing 9 5.2 Geodetic Levelling .. 10 5.3 Aerial Photography 10 5.4 Air Survey 11 5.5 Computing Office and Records 11 5.6 Mapping 11 5.7 Photo-Lithography Section 12 5.8 Map Sales and Issues 13

6. TRAINING .. 14 6.1 Kenya Polytechnic 14 6.2 Departmental Training 14 6.3 Examinations 14 6.4 Professional and Overseas Training 15

7. ADJUDICATION BRANCH .. 15 7.1 General 15 7.2 Categories of Work 15 7.3 Maps and Diagrams 16 7.4 Areas and Parcels 16 7.5 Other W ork .. 16 7.6 Records Office 17 7.7 Appendix 18

8. DIAGRAMS .. 1. Control Surveys 2. 1 :250,000 Topographical Mapping .. 3. Special Mapping 4. Basic Topographical Mapping At back 5. Urban and Registry Index Mapping 6. Airphoto Cover, Small-scale 7. Airphoto Cover, Large-scale SURVEY OF KENYA ANNUAL REPORT 1969 1. REVIEW OF THE YEAR

1.1. The main activities of the department continued unchanged: that is, the making of accurate surveys of land boundaries and production of large-scale plans for registration of land titles; the production and revision of topographical maps in a full range of scales, for use in administration, defence, tourism, education, development planning, etc., and activities connected wi.th the above; for example, aerial photography, technician training, etc.

1.2. The retirement of expatriates from the permanent staff continued and severa! new appointments and promotions of Kenya citizens were made. How­ ever, there are still not enough qualified citizens to fill the establishment of Staff Surveyors; at the end of the year Il such posts were held by. qualified personnel under technical aid agreement from Britain, Yugoslavia and India and there were still nine posts vacant.

1.3. Professional training continued at University College, Nairobi, Waltham Forest Technical College, England, and New Brunswick University, Canada. ' Technical training continued at Twickenham Technical College, England, at the Kenya Polytechnic, and in the department.

1.4. For the financial year 1969/70, in spite of a· planned expansion of adjudication surveys, the total establishment feil by one. Estimated recurrent expenditure increased by Kf8,100 to Kf487,000.

1.5. The demand for ali kinds of land surveys and maps and plans continued to increase in proportion to the increase in the development and population of Kenya. In conjunction with the factors mentioned above this put a severe strain on the resources of the department.

1.6. The Directorate of Overseas Surveys continued to carry out surveys and produce maps as part of British aid and work started on additional mapping to be carried out by Canada under ·a Joan-agreement.

P. P. ANYUMBA, Director of Surveys. 2. ADMINISTRATION 2.1. General The department continued in the portfolio of the Minister for Lands and Settlement which also includes the departments responsible for Govemment Lands, Land Registration, Land Adjudication, Land Settlement, Squatter Settle­ ment, and Town and Country Planning. Pive provincial survey offices were maintained in Nairobi, Mombasa, Nyeri, Nakuru and Kisumu, and 11 district survey offices in other towns. · The annual staff meeting of ali heads of branches and sections, attended also by provincial and district surveyors, was held on 7th-8th August 1969. 2.2. Visits and Visitors The Director attended the 8th meeting of the E.A. Land Survey Examinations Board at Kampala on 5th May and Acting Director the 9th meeting at Dar es Salaam on 6th October. The many visitors to the department during the year included:­ Mr. C. Antoun, Chief Cartographer, E.C.A., Addis Ababa. Mr. P. Arlidge, The Economist Intelligence Unit,_ London. Mr. P. F. Berme!, U.S. Geological Survey, Washington. Dr. A. J. Branderburger, Prof. of Photogrammetry, University Laval, Quebec, Canada. Mr. P. Fletcher, Directorate of Military Survey, England. Dr. R. E. Glitsch, UNESCO, Paris. Dr. H. Kadomura, Prof. of Geography, Tokyo. Mr. M. Klimesh, UN Topographical Engineer, Somalia. Prof. G. Larsen, UN Expert on Land Consolidation, Ceylon. Mr. Mansfield and Mr. Martin, Land Development Officers, Malawi. Mr. G. McGrath, Prof. of Geography, Queens University, Ontario, Canada. Mr. T. M. Pallas, Canadian International Development Agency, Ottawa. Dr. J. V. Rheinfrank, FAO Agrarian Reform Expert. Mr. R. J. Simpson, Chief Survey Officer, Ghana. Mr. H. Wetternhall, FAO., Addis Ababa. Lt. Col. D. Wilson, M.B.E., AD Military Survey Near East and Gulf. Mr. J. Wrighrt, Deputy Director of Over.seas Surveys (U.K.) Members of the Royal Geographical Society, South Turkana Expedition. 2.3. Establishment In the approved 1969/70 Estimates the establishment of officers comprises:- Administrative and Professional 34 Executive and Technical 147 Clerical and Sub-technical 347 Subordinate staff 366

Total 894 a reduction of one post. There was an increase in persona! emoluments met by the Development Fund (for Land Adjudication Surveys) without a corresponding increase in posts and a decrease in Recurrent Persona! Development without a corresponding decrease in posts, which in effect meant that development funds were used to pay for recurrent work. The retirement of non-citizens continued. In the professional and top technical grades the total of 89 officers serving on U.K. Overseas Aid Terms in 1962 bad fallen to 11 by the end of 1969, and three of the latter bad already given notice of retirement in 1970. The supply of qualified replacements does not equal the rate of retirement and up to 19 vacancies are expeoted in these gmdes by May

2 1970, when three surveyors from lndia and three photogrammetrists from Yugoslavia will have completed their 30 months' contracts. Three Kenyan Staff Surveyors were promoted to Superintendent (Super­ numerary). Two Survey graduates from University College, Nairobi, joined as Staff Surveyors and onè R.I.C.S. finalist from Waltham Forest Technical college (U.K.) as Assistant Surveyor. TABLE E.1 Establishment Post at 31st December Vacancies 1969 Director of Surveys 1 Assistant Directors of Surveys 3 1 Superintendents of Surveys 3 2 Executive Staff .. 8 1 Secretarial Staff .. 9 1 Clerical and Analogous Staff 36 1 Records Officer, Grade I 1 Records Officer, Grade Il 2 Records Officer, Grade III/Junior Records Officer, Grades 1 and II 15 Artisans .. 3 SURVEY FIELD STAFF Staff Surveyors .. 27 4 Computer 1 Senj.or Survey Assistants 4 Survey Assistants Grade I, 26 4(a) Survey Assistants, Grade II 43 18(b) Survey Assistants, Grade III/Junior Survey Assistants 79 11(c) Hedge Inspectors 10 Area Computers 10 Technical Assistant 1 Survey Plan Examiners .. 2 2 Drivers 103 Subordinate Staff 369 2 CARTOGRAPHie AND REPRODUCTION STAFF Chief Cartographer 1 Superintendent (Reproduction) 1 Senior Cartographer 1 Cartographers, Grade I 12 Cartographers, Grade Il/Senior Plan Examiners 25 2 Cartographers, Grade III/Junior Cartographers 83 3 Assistant Draughtsmen, Grades II/III 25 1 Senior Photo-Lithographer 1 Photo-Lithographers, Grade I .. 2 1(d) Photo-Lithographers, Grade II 3 Photo-Lithographers, Grade III/Junior Photo­ Lithographers .. 16 AIR SURVEY STAFF Senior Photogrammetrists 3 2(e) Photogrammetrists, Grade I 5 Photogrammetrists, Grade Il 10 3 Air Photographie Officer 1 1 NoTES.-(a) Four Survey Assistants, Grade Il, held against these vacancies. (b) Eighteen Survey Assistants, Grade III held against these vacancies. (c) Eleven Area Computers held against these vacancies. (d) One Photo-Lithographer, Grade II, held against this vacancy. (e) Two Photogrammetrists, Grade 1, held against these vacancies.

3 'TABLE E.2 New Resignations, Appointments Promotions Retirements, Transfers. Superintendent of Surveys 1 Staff Surveyors 3 4 3 Assistant Surveyors .. 1 Survey Assistants Grade I 3 4 Survey Assistants Grade II 4 1 Survey Assistants Grade III 1 24 Junior Survey Assistants 17 5 Area Computers 4 l Technical Assistants .. 1 Chief Cartographer Cartographers, Grade I 5 Cartographers, Grade II 4 Cartographers, Grade Ill 6 5 Junior Cartographers .. 11 2 Draughtsmen, Grade II/III 2 Senior Photo-Lithographer .. Photo-Lithographers, Grade II (li,- Photo-Lithographers, Grade III 2 Junior Photo-Lithographers Photogrammetrists, Grade I .. Junior Records Officers Grade I 2 Junior Records Officers Grade II 1 Executive Staff 1 Persona! Secretary Grade II· .. 1 Secretarial Clerical and Analogous Staff 7 Drivers .. 6 7 3

Four Grade I Survey Assistants left to take up survey teaching posts at the Kenya Polytechnic and the University College, Nairobi. One Survey Assistant resigned to stand i~ the General Election but was not elected.

2.4. Finance In the financial year starting 1st July 1969 tliere was a planned increase of Kf24,500 in the provision from the Development Fund for Land Adjudication Surveys. The total approved sum for the whole department increased by Kf8,100 only, thus reducing the amount available for all work other than land adjudic­ ation surveys by Kf16,400, although in fact.the volume of other work increased.

TABLE F.l APPROVED EsTIMATES EXPENDITURE (K:f.)

1 Survey Year Adjudication Surveys 1 Other Surveys of Kenya

- P.E. O.C. Total P.E. o.c. Total Total 1968/69 . . .. 183,500 61,000 245,000 170,200 63,700 233,900 478,900 1969/70 ...... 202,000 67,500 269,500 153,000 64,500 217,500 487,000

(P.E.=Personal emoluments; O.C.=Other charges) APPROPRIA TIONS IN AID (KE)

--·~--·---- . Development Survey fees Total grants (for Sale .of maps, Year adjudication etc. surveys)

~·--·- 1968/69 .. 245,000 73,000 318,000 1969/70 .. . 269,500 66,000(*) 335,500 *This decrease was due to a ±:10,000 decrease in the amount expected to be earned from the Settlement Fund Trustees for Settlement Scheme Surveys. 2.5. Labour The authorized establishment in 1969 of subordinate staff was incréased from 360 to 369. During the year one died and one was dismissed, two were promoted to Drivers Grade III. J 1 casual labourers were absorbed into the permanent establishment of Subordinate Service. 2.6. Stores The total value of stores on department charge approximate to Kf1,250,000, New items to a value of Kf5,300 were purchased locally in 1969. Inventory holders nUmbered 225 for a total of 7,659 items held. Transactions duting the year totalled 7,884. The stores sold by public auction due to wear and tear realized. !96. 2.7. Transport The transport fleet remained unchanged with an extra five L.W.B. Land­ Rovers on order for Adjudication Surveys' field work. There were six accidents involving Land-Rovers during the year. Seven Land-Rovers were boarded and seven more were awaiting Board of Survey for write off as unserviceable. Ten L.W.B. Land-Rovers were ordered for 1969-70 but only two were received during the year. There was a shortage of transport -due to more Surveyors in the field, which it was hoped would be ended after the receipt of eight vehicles on order but undelivered. 2.8. Buildings The extension and alteratiohs to Field Headquarters and five district offices were completed. Survey Headquarters did not move to the new Ministry of Works' buildings as was planned as the Ministry of Works required the whole building. Accommodation was provided in the Field Headquarters extension for the Settlement Drawing Office and Headquarters field staff who will in future operate from Field Headquarters. The' new building programme, 1969/70, started during the year. Offices and staff quarters are to be built in 14 districts.

3. LAND SURVEYORS BOARD The Land Surveyors Board comprises the Director of Surveys, (Chairman), two (Licensed) Government Surveyors nominated by the Minister for Lands and Settlement, and two Licensed Surveyors elected by the Association of Lands Surveyors of Kenya. It carries out certain statutory functions in connexion with the control of land surveys under the Survey Act. During 1969, the Board met six times. During the six meetings matters considered were routine, and mainly ~on­ cerned Trial Surveys. No Land Surveyors Licence was issued during the year. The Boa:rd's Law Examination was held in Janruary 1969 and of the ten candidates who attempted the examination, nine passed. Of the eight candidates who attempted the East African Land Survey Certi­ cate Intermediate Examination Part l, from Kenya, one candidate completed the examination, the others being refer.red in various subjects in which they were not successful. At the end of the year, there were 22 registered Licensed Surveyors in Kenya. Of these seven were in priva te practice, four in academie institutions, and 11 in Government, Local Government, public ·organizations or in retirement. During the year the Institution of Surveyors of Kenya was formed, which included Land Surveyors holding Kenya licences and 1or R.I.C.S. qualifications. It is expected that the I.S.K. will become the body designated under Section 7 of the Survey Act to nominate the two unofficial members of the board.

4. CADASTRAL BRANCH 4.1. General The number of cadastral surveys submitted for examination decreased by 6 per cent compared with figures for 1968. Private Licensed Surveyors were again fully extended in meeting requests for the sub-division of registered properties under private ownership. The production of new grant surveys by Government Surveyors remained constant, with the checking section achieving a considerable reduction jn the backlog of surveys awaiting examination and approval. Three Staff Surveyors who joined the branch in 1968 left to take up duties at Provincial Surveyor leve!, the attachment to the branch of one West German "Aid" surveyor easing problems caused by a shortage of qualified staff. The Survey Regulations 1969, incorporating the introduction of the Metric System to cadastral surveys and a revision of survey fees came into effect on 15th October. 4.2. Cadastral Surveys A total of 508 new surveys were received for authentication, compared with 540 during 1968. The decrease is mainly accounted for by a reduction in the number of surveys submitted by the private profession from 223 to 194. Sorne details of the title surveys intake are given in Table C.l. below. Surveys authentica.ted totalled 553, of which 501 were new submissions. An encouranging feature of 1969 checking office statistics was the 31 per cent decrease in the number of surveys outstanding on 31st December. The number of surveys returned to the field for further work remained at a disturbingly high level-this reflects the continued withdrawal of more experienced staff from the provinces and their replacement by Later-qualified recruits. Checking office statistics are given in Table C.2. below. 4.3. Settlement Mapping There was little demand for topographical base-mapping, 1,824 hectares of 1 : 2,500 mapping with a 10 ft. contour interval being published. The emphasis continued to be on title mapping, with 39,384 hectares of map­ ping, representing 2,865 titles completed-an increase of 2,297 hectares on 1968 figures. Registry index maps of 23 Settlement towns, comprising 32 map sheets at -a scale of 1 : 2,500, were published.

6 TABLE C.l SURVEYS FOR Trrù IN 1969

1 Farms and Firm Township and Miscellaneous Totals Government or Sub-divisions Residential Priva te Parcels Hectares Parcels Hectares Parcels/ Hectares Parcels Bectares Government .. 180 2,041 1,287 888 3 399 1,470 3,32 8 Private .. .. 172 8,351 964 3,753 3 3 1,139 12,10 7 Settlement 1 Scheme Sur- veys .. . . 35 109 40 14 - . - 75 12 3

Totals 387 10,501 2,291 4,655 6 402 12,684 15,55 8 1 1 1 4.4. Computing and Checking TABLE C.2 No. Man-days Surveys examined and approved 553 1,776

Remainder Deed Plans compHed 38} 334 Plans cornpiled . . 77 Survey Data issued 178 147 Comments on subdivisional schemes . . 432 Ill Sets of Deed Plans signed 1,385 318 The average number of staff employed in the Checking Section was:- Staff Surveyors 3 Assistant Surveyors 1 Survey Assistants 5 Cartographers 3 4.5. Boundaries and Cadastral Fair Drawing Office This drawing office consists of two sections-Boundaries Section and Cadastral Fair Drawing Section. 4.5.1. Boundaries Section There were four cartographers in this section engaged in the preparation of boundary plans and drafting of boundaries schedules, checking of boundary plans and schedules from the Forest Department, checking of administrative boundaries on maps for the revision of 1 : 50,000 and 1 : 250,000 scale topographical maps, colouring of boundary plan prints and miscellaneous drawing jobs. The analysis of work in this section during 1969 is given in table C.3 :- Boundary plans prepared . . 16 Boundary schedules drafted and checked 14 Forest boundary plans checked . . 12 Administrative boundaries checked on topographical maps 49 Colouring of new boundary plan prints 144 Colouring (maps and prints) other 85 Miscellaneous drawing jobs 304 4.5.2. Cadastral Fair Drawing Section (see Diagram 5) There were five cartographers in this section engaged in registry in~ex mapping at a scale of 1: 10,000 (Series S.K. 21) of Mombasa, Nairobi, and Settlement Scheme areas, and 1 : 2,500 (Series S.K. 50) of Settlement Scheme towns. The ana lysis of work in this section during 1969 is given in Table C.4:-

7 TABLE C.4-REGISTRY INDEX MAPPING 10,000 (Series SK. 21) Mombasa Area 25 10,000 (Series SK. 21) Nairobi Area . . 16 10,000 (Series SK. 21) Kijabe Settleinent Scheme 2,500 (Series SK. 50) (23 towns) 32 Miscellaneous jobs including plotting of Gadastral boundaries on machine plots 23

4.6. Records Drawing Office This office, staffed by an· average of 12 cartographers continued to be respon­ sible for the following principal tasks:- (a) Keeping record and revision copies of ail map series up to date, i.e. any transaction involving sub-divisional approval, olier of new grant, survey or registration which in any way affects surveyed cadastral boundaries is charted on the relevant record plan. Changes in registered boundaries are charted on the relevant registry index map tracings. (b) Preparation of deed plans from approved cadastral surveys in support of registration of plots linder Règistration of Titles Act (R.T.A.) (c) Tracing of approved survey plans (for the purpose of producing dyeline prints from the tracings). (d)Preparation of various plans, e.g.:- (i) Background plans which illustrate applications for sub-divisional approval. (ii) Water Board plans which illustrate applications to Water Board for any changes to water supplies. (iii) Special plans which show the location of plots advertised for alienation. · (e) Compilation of Survey Plans from surveyors' computations and field notes.

TABLE C.5-COMPARATIVE PROGRESS 1968 1969 Sub-divisional plans prepared 122 142 Special plans prepared 45 48 Tracings prepared ·344 447 Deed plans compiled 544 759 Plans checked .. 1065 1377 Plans charted .. 2608 2573 Survey plans compiled 24 16 Miscellaneous jobs 339 423

4.7. Survey Records Office This office continued to be responsible for the custody, indexing and refer­ encing of original survey plans, tracings, deed plans, etc., relating to ali sutveys tirtder the Registration of Titles Act and an increasing number under the Reg'is­ tered Land Act. It is also supplied dyeline prints of such plans.

8 TABLE C.6 Transactions during 1968 1969 Survey plans outstanding 13 Nil Survey plans received 464 403 Survey plans registered 464 403 Survey plans awaiting registration Nil Nil Miscellaneous surveys (without plans) received 59 87 Miscellaneous surveys (without plans) registered .. 59 87 Resubmissions received 15 12 Resubmissions registered 15 12 Deed plans numbered 802 1,325 Deed plans received 867 1,377 Deed plans signed .. 857 1,356 Deed plans despatched 814 1,239 Township plans registered 71 75 Approved sub-division schemes 224 252 Miscellaneous jobs 35 35 Prints issued .. 13,879 12,393

TABLE C.7-NEW CADASTRAL SURVEYS REGISTERED IN 1969 --- BY GOVERl'/MENT BY PRIVATE SURVEYORS TOTAL DESCRIPTION Par~ls Hectares Parcels Hectares Parcels Hectares New alienation Farms .. 84 1,678 46 788 130 2,466 Farm Sub-divisions .. 96 363 126 7,563 222 7,926 Township Plots New .. 1,216 869 259 2,239 1,475 3,108 Township Plots, Sub-divi- si ons ...... 71 19 705 1,514 776 1,533 Resurveys and revisions .. 3. 5 3 3 6 8 Trig and Standard traverse 1 - -- 1 - 1 Settlement Scheme Farms 35 109 -- 35 109 Conversions (Compiled Plans) ...... ------Miscellaneous (Compiled Plans) ...... 3 394 - 3 394 Settlement Scheme Towns 40 14 - 40 14

TOTALS_ .. . . 1,549 3,451 1,139 112,107 2,688 115,558 1 NB:-TC and ST. charts are included in the total number of sm·veys.

5. MAPPING AND 'I'ECHNICAL BRANCH 5.1. Triangulation and Traversing (see Diagram 1) The Kenya party of the Directorate of Overseas Surveys continued its work of assisting with the establishment of additional survey control points in development areas. The work involved the followjng different types of control: (a) establishment of new tertiary points in areas where only primary and secondary points pre­ viously existed; (b) establishment of fourth order points for specifie mapping and adjudication projects; (c) establishment of control points for 1 : 50,000 topographie mapping.

9 Tertiary points were established in South Nyanza and at the coast, and fourth order points were established in many areas, including Kisii, Busia, Nandi, Kaputiei and Lugari. Mapping control points were established in a large block in the Central Rift, and in addition, sorne trigonometrical heighting observations were made in the Emali-Tsavo region, in order to improve the reliability of the secondary control in the area. Departmental Surveyors also continued to carry out field work for ground control points needed for Iarge-scale aerial mapping. 5.2. Geodetic LeveUing (see Diagram 1) This aspect of departmental activities was dormant in 1969 due to shortage of staff. 5.3. Aerial Photograpby (see Diagram 6 and 7) Departmental staff obtained large-scale photography for various areas during 82 sorties, totalling 249 flying hours. The projects photographed were as follows :- For Settlement Schemes Title Surveys.-Vaso Nyiro complex, S. Kinangop/ Kijabe Extension, Lugari Pilot Scheme (D.O.S.) Ainabkoi East, Kipkarren/ Ndalat. For Adjudication (P.l.Ds) and Base Mapping.-Kisii (Wanjare/W. Kitutu), Busia (N. Teso), Kericho (Belgut West) Kericho (Chepalungu), S. Nyanza (Kanyikela), 01 Araguai Extension, Machakos (Masii), Bungoma (Siboti), Busia (Sarnia), Kakamega (Kiliboti/Malaba/Matsaka), Kakamega (Mundeku), Kisumu (Dago). For Ministry of Works (Roads Branch).-Thika-Kandara, Rodi-Karungu, Homa Bay-Mbita, Eldoret-Kamarin, Singore-Kaptagat, Nyeri-Ichagachiru, Nyeri­ lhithe, Nyeri-Othaya, Kisii-Kilgoris-Keroka, Ewaso Ngiro River Crossing, Bumala-Nangina-Sio Port, Ndori-Ngiya, Maseno-Majengo, Darajambili­ Kiboswa, Marigat-Kampi ya Samaki, Kiminini-Suam, Eldoret-Chepkorio, Masii-Makutano, Njele-Mwabungu, Ramisi-Shimoni, Kwale-Msambweni, Machakos-Konza. For Town Planning, etc.-Mandera, Giriftu, Doldol, Ruiru, Murang'a, Lumbwa, Karatina, Sagana, Kinyang, Githunguri, lthareini, Kagio, Kimbimbi, Kiamu­ tugu, Kisumu Extension, Baragu, Tarbaj, Khorof Harar, Makutano (near Kapenguria), Maralal, Lokwanakangole, lten, Buna, Mado Gashi, Haba­ swein, Manga, Mbita, Wamba, Murang'a, Othaya, Mukuruweini. Wangu, Runyenjes, Ishiara, Chuka, Chiokarige, Nkubu, Katulani, Ndooa, Malindi, El Wak, Mambrui, Watamu, Gedi, Magadi Soda Works, Tambach. Miscellaneous.-Mathari Valley (University College), Gurar Airstrip (Kenya­ Ethiopia Boundary' Commission), Makindu Range Area (F.A.O.) Longonot Crater (D.c.A: Accident Report). In addition to Survey of Kenya Photography, Huntings Surveys Ltd., of U.K. photographed a large area of the Central Rift between December 1968 and March 1969 for revision of the 1:50,000 topographie mapping. This mapping is carried out by the Directorate of Overseas Surveys on behalf of the Kenya Government. Also, in December 1969, as a result of a loan agreement between the Kenya and Canadian governments, a consortium of Canadian consultants headed by General Photogrametric Services Ltd., undertook to photograph and control and produce coloured maps at 1 : 50,000 scale, a large area in southern Kenya, stretch­ ing from Magadi to Mtito Andei. A small amount of the photography was obtained in the second half of December and it is hoped that the photography will be completed in 1970.

10 5.4. Air Survey Mapping of the following was carried out by the Air Survey Section during the year :.:- Settlement Schemes (cadastral mapping at 1 : 2,500) 45,000 hectares, covering Lamu, 01 Aragwai, Kinangop-Kijabe, Elgeyo Border and Ainabkoi East Adjudication (topographical mapping at 1 : 5,000) 226,000 hectares covering Kericho (Buret), Tugen Hills, Kericho (Be1gut), Kamasia, Meru (Maua), Meru (Kiagu), Nandi (Kemeloi). NoTE: The figure 172 in the 1968 report should read 172,000 hectares.). Towns (topographical mapping at 1 : 2,500 and 1 : 5,000). The following towns were mapped.-Kinangop, Kaloleni, Othaya, Loitokitok, Baricho, Garsen, Katulani, El Wak, Taveta, Gedi, Myanga, Ukwala, Nkubu, Oyugis, Limuru, Wanguru, Watamu, Chiokarige, Ishiara, Ndooa, Runyenjes, Mambrui, Witu, Cb.uka, Mukuruweini, Chepkorio, Endebess, Magadi, Tambach, Lamu, Uplands, Hakati, Mackinnon Road, Shimoni, Maua, Lare, Mbita, Kutus, Kagumu, Msambweni, Wamba, Iten. Special purposes.-1: 10,000 topographiœl map of Nasampolea Valley, Yatta, and Mikuyuni Ranch Schemes. 1 : 2,500 Mid-Chania Pipe Line.

S.S. Computing Office and Records Computations attendant upon the field work referred to under "Triangulation and Traversing" were carried out in the computing office and by using an elect­ , ronic computer at the ICL Bureau in Nairobi. 140 measuring bands were calibrated during the year.

5.6. Mapping 5.6.1 Contouring (see Diagram 4).-135 sheets of the 1:50,000 series Y.731 are cqntoured, mainly at 50 ft. V.I. D.O.S. published the first five sheets of the 38 Sheet; Nyanza-Kericho Block with contours at 20 m. V.I. New photography and control were completed by D.O.S. for contouring or re-con.touring the 42 Sheets, Central Block. Canadian air and ground teams started work at the end of the year on con­ touring the 39 Sheets, Kajiado Block. 5.6.2. Revised Mapping.-Field completion of new D.O.S. compilations was carried out in 12 Sheets of the N. Nyanza Block. New editions of ten sheets in Rift Valley and Eastern provinces were published by Survey of Kenya. 5.'6.3. Popular Mapping (see Diagram 2). -1:250,000 series Y.503: new editions of four sheets and reprinting of eight sheets. 1:25,000 Nairobi National Park: reprinted 10,000 copies for sale at the Park Gate. · 1 : 2,000,000 Tourist Map: reprinted 10,000 copies for Ministry of Tourism and 10,000 to meet public sales demand. East African Safari Rally route map: a new edition for the 17th Rally was puhlished for the A.A. of East Africa.

11 Work started on new editions of the Hunting Map and the map of Meru National Park. 5.6.4 Administrative Mapping.-Boundary overprint SK. 61 was printed on three more sheets bringing the total published to 61 sheets at 1: 50,000 and six sheets at 1 : 100,000. The preparation of enumeration unit boundary maps for the August 1969 Population Census was completed. There were over 20,000 units. 5.6.5 Small-scale Mapping.-A new edition of the 1: 1,000,000 Kenya North Sheet SK. 57 was published. A 1969 edition of the' large-scale airphoto cover overprint 1 : 1,000,000 was printed. In conjunction with U gand a and Tanzania a start was made on a one-sheet map of East Africa at 1:2,500,000. Work also started on a 1: 1,000,000 map of antiquity and prehistoric sites. 5.6.6 Keny~ National At/as.-Thirty-nine of the total48 maps had been printed by the end of the year. Covers were designed a~d ordered and arrangements made with a Nairobi firm for binding. Texts were ali received, photographs selected, and layouts designed. Type-setting by the Government Press made good progress. 5.6.7 Town Maps (see Diagram 5).-Fourteen more sheets of the Nairobi·1: 5,000 scale series SK. 66 on standard sheet !ines were published in the western and eastern suburbs, bringing the total published to 29. Six more sheets (making a total of eight) were published in the 15 Sheets, Mombasa Island 1 :2,500 scale series SK. 70. Machine plots from airphotos were made for 44 minor urban centres at scale 1:2,500 and for four larger centres (Kiambu, Maseno, Kapenguria, Broderick Falls) at 1 : 5,000, mainly for planning purpose~. Work started on a new edition of the Nairobi 1: 20,QOO scale map. 5.6.8 Miscellaneous Maps.-After further discussions with an Ethiopian dele­ gation, final amendments were made for 30 sheets of the 1 : 50,000 scale boundary series SK. 73. Publication waits for ratification of the boundary agreement. A first proof of the 1 : 250,000 two-sheet series SK. 74 Kenya Territorial Sea was printed. Many miscellaneous maps and charts were printed, against repayment, for other Ministries and quasi-official bodies. A 1969 edition of the Map Catalogue was published in December. The landward information on ali the Admiralty Charts of the Kenya coast was revised for the Hydrographie Department. A chart of Mtwapa Creek was redrawn for the Kenya Navy.

5.7. Photo-Lithography The reproduction of colour impressions in 1969 increased over 1968 reflecting an increase in general overall production (with the exception of the photographie section) as the figures given in Table R.I show. The department exposed and processed 45 aerial films in the year; our dark­ room facilities were also used by the R.A.F. enabling them to process a further 21 rolls of aerial film making a total of 66 rolls.

12 However, the production of bromide contacts, bromide enlargements, and diapositives was hampered through most of the year by building of new, and alterations to existing, darkrooms, and dismantling, moving and erecting equip­ ment. In spite of this, the staff worked weil and overcame the hazards of building dust and the general inconvenience caused by building construction work. As in previous years ali training was carried out during the daily duties of the staff. The instruction given has been purely practical, owing to the Jack of time. Staff classroom training is stiJl an unrealized project which must become effective if quality is to be main~ained in the future.

TABLE R.I-COMPARAT!VE PRODUCTION-REPRODUCTION SECTION 1967 1968 1969 Studio: Film negatives and contacts 3,816 2,514 2,864 Bromide contacts .. 58,831 40,166 27,777 Bromide enlargements 4,297 3,858 3,609 Diapositives .. 1,642 1,774 1,558 ·' Photostat copies ...... 12,844 8,565 3,109 Monotype and letterpress type-settit1g · 442 712 398 Dyeline prints 32,762 34,516 38,790 Autopositive 74 60 13 Printing" Down: Machine plates (double-demy and Ges- tetner) 769 773 1,096 Astrafoil prints made 2,881 2,757 3,359 Astrafoil full sheets used 543 872 769 Press Room: Colour impressions 675,792 775,558 2,382,851 Gestetner impressions 231,832 296,142 487,875 Dufa press (flat bed, proving) 6,883 14,978 19,421 Printing Orders 166 191 233 5.8. Map Sales and Issues During 1969 map and air photos sales reaEzed Kf20,143 ras shown in Table F.2. This represents a useful increase over 1968 of nearly Kf8,000, which was partly due to the popularity of the new Tourist Map and the Nairobi National Park Map. TABLE F.2

c: . SALES FROM PUBLICATION Survey Field Public District Free Head- Head- Map Survey Issues quarters quarters Office Offices ---- 1 Kf Kf Kf Kf K:E Topographical maps .. .. - - 7,486 905 6,241 Cadastral maps .. .. - - 168 - 7 Dyeline prints ...... 588 2,699 31 85 4,976 Photostat copies .. . . Il 137 - - 40 Airphoto prints .. . . - 1,703 - - - Enlargements ...... - 803 - - - Miscellaneous ...... - 5,518 9 - - TOTALS Kf .. .. 599 10,860 7,694 990 11,264

13 6. TRAINING 6.1. Kenya Polytechniè Basic Survey courses and ail future advanced courses will now be conducted at the Kenya Polytechnic, where the third intake of 19 Survey of Kenya candi­ dates started a basic course in April 1969. Out of these, a total of only 14 remained at the end of the year. Eleven Survey of Kenya students started their second year course in September 1969, while 13 students from the 1968 intake completed their first year course and returned to the field.

6.2. Departmental Tmining The following departmental courses were run at the Survey Field Headquarters for those who had been recruited before the Kenya Polytechnic started similar courses:- (a) Survey Advanced Course No. 18: January-Apri/, 1969 The course was attended by 17 students, none of whom had passed Survey Grade III previously. The course lasted for the normal three months' duration. As the standard of drawing was very low it was recommended that the intake for September 1970, should be composed of only those who had either passed Gmde III or had been credited in three subjects. (b) Land Adjudication Basic Courses Three elementary survey courses were conducted by the department to give the Land Adjudication Department Surveyors sorne elementary training. FIRST CouRSE: 5th June--9th August 1969, was attended by 20 students ail from the Adjùdication Department. SECOND CouRSE: 18th Arugust-17th October 1969, was ;attended by 20 students ali from the Adjudication Department. THIRD CouRSE: 3rd November 1969-9th January 1970, was attended by 19 students ail from the Adjudication Department.

6.3. Examinations As a result of the occupational tests held in April 1969, and receipt of satis­ factory reports on their day-to-day work from the various section heads, the following number of Ôfficers became eligible (subject to the availability of vacancies) for promotion from one grade to the next as shown below:-

From Number Category Grade To Grade of Officers (i) Survey Assistants II I 3' III Il 4 Junior III 24 (ii) Cartographers II 1 5 III II 4 Junior III 6 III Photogrammetrist II 2 (iii) Photo-Lithographers III II 2 Junior III 1 (iv) Records Officers Junior III 2

14 6.4. Professional and Overseas Training This department no longer sponsors students to the B.Sc. Engineering (Survey) course at the University College, Nairobi. These students are now directly under the sponsorship of the Kenya Government. Nevertheless, two graduates from the University College, Nairobi, with the B.Sc. Engineering degree in surveying j<;>ined the department as Staff Surveyors. One other from Waltham Forest Technical College (London) joined the Depart­ ment as Assistant Surveyor. Three others are continuing their studies there. There are three students still pursuing the five-year Degree Course ·in Surveying at the University of New Brunswick, Canada, while two others are studying photo-lithography at Twickenham Technical College (London) in their final year of a three-year course. One photo-lithographer went to Canada to do a nine­ months course in photography at the Department of Technical Surveys in Ottawa, Canada.

7. ADJUDICATION BRANCH

7 .1. General The branch continued to concentrate on the accelerated programme which started on lst July 1967. Good progress bas been made, but the shortage of trained and experienced surveyors bas mœnt that the Land Adjudication Depart­ ment's survey:ors who are under direction have received inadequate supervision. The drawing and area computation sections have bad no difficulty in processing the field work submitted, and for limited periods have been shot of work.

7.2. Categories of Work The work of the branch falls, at the moment, into three categories, but will in due course (when the registration sections to be re-done by the Survey of Kenya and the few "pre-accelerated-programme" section still to be finalized have beeen completed) be limited to the programme only:- (i) Registration sections in the current programme. (ii) Registration sections re-done by Survey of Kenya. (iii) Other registration sections; and the land with which the branch is dealing bas been divided for the purpose of the programme into :- (i) Agricultural-arable land of high and reasonably high potential with small­ holdings. (ii) Rangeland suitable only for ranching.

Agricultural land is further divided into consolidation, non-consolidation and distribution areas. In consolidation areas the land has been so fragmented that the fragments must be consolidated to form an economie unit which can be properly farmed. This caUs for a survey of the fragments and a ground demar­ cation survey of the consolidated holding. In non-consolidated areas it is only necessary to adjudicate to determine ownership, prepare a map, and register the parce!. Distribution areas are those in which there are no right-holders (uninhabited) and the land can be distributed to new settlers in economically viable units.

15 7 .3. Maps and Diagrams Different maps and processes are required in the different schemes, and the branch produces :- (i) Topographical base maps on which the planning and demarcation of con­ solidated holdings is carried out or, in non-consolidation areas, on which the property boundaries are plotted by air survey when air visible, or surveyed-in by ground methods. (ii) Cadastral maps (Registry Index Maps). The rnaps produced as in (i) above using the topographical base map, become our standard cadastral-maps in adjudication areas and are referred to as Registry Index Maps in the Registered Land Act under which ali the properties are registered. This only applies to the demarcation maps in consolidation areas which have been produced under our direction. Those not produced under our direction are still referred to as Demarcation Maps. (iii) Demarcation Maps will continue to be so called until they have been re­ surveyed by this department. (iv) Preliminary Index diagrams (P.I.D's). These are produced from enlarged photographs and serve as an interim registration rnap. (v) In range a reas the Registry Index Maps are based on the 1150,000 map series, accepting the natural features where these forrn the ranch bound­ ries. When the ·boundaries are rectilinear the positions of the turning points are first identified on the 1 : 50,000 (the R.I.M. at this stage only being provisional) and later accurately fixed by survey.

7 .4. Areas and Parcels The total amount of work in each category pmcessed at various scales for registra ti on of title is as follows, and details are given in the Appendix:- (i) Registration sections in the current programme: 434,649 hectares (80,932 parcels). (ii) Registration sections re-done by Survey of Kenya: 74,894 hectares (23,575 parcels). (iii) Registration sections not in category (i) or (ii) above: 5,199 hectares (3,525 parcels).

7 .5. Other work In support of the programme the following work was also carried out :­ (i) Flying.-an area of 5,374 sq. km. (537,400 hectares) was photographed. (ii) Enlargements of photographs for the preparation- of P.I.Ds. were produced as follows :- Approx. Distrio.t Sublocations Enlargements Scales Area (Hectares)

Bungoma 2 121 1 :2,500/1 :5,000 15,200 Busia .. 14 454 1:2,500 40,700 Homa Bay 32 826 1:2,500 69,400 Kakamega 24 . 460 1 :2,500/1 :5,000 37,100 Kisii .. 14 366 1:2,500 26,700 Kisumu 11 207 1 :2,500 19,400 Machakos 6 170 1:2,500 17,000 Siaya .. 14 338 1:2,500 31,400

TüTALS 117 2,942 256,900

16 (iii) Production of topographical base maps.-58,552 hectares were produced, 29,649 hectares in Eastern Province (Meru District) and 28,903 hectares in Rift Valley Province. (iv) Field work.-The main task of officers in the field continues to be the super­ vision of the Land Adjudication Department surveyors in the preparation of ali registry maps. In addition they are in the process of re-doing those P.I.Ds. which had previously been prepared at a scale of 1: 12,500, pre­ mrurking and fixing ground control for air photography, carrying out ail · mutation surveys and surveying sub-Jocation boundaries in the Taita District.

7.6. Records Office

TABLE A.J.-AJR SURVEY AND ADJUDICATION RECORDS ÜFFICE The following items were received into the records during 1969:- Topographical sheets (sub-locations) . . 347 Demarcation sheets (sub-locâtions) 619 Cadastral sheets (sub-locations) 27 .• Machine plots 614 Negatives (machine plots) 339 Airphoto films 39 Airphoto prints 17,630 Preliminary Index Diagrams (Airphoto Enlargements) 2,737 Preliminary Index Diagrams (Field Tracings) 224 Preliminary Index Diagrams (Fair Tracings) 2,906 Plane table sheets (parcel boundaries) 95 Diapositives 969 Miscellaneous 1,329

Issues and Returns Reproduction Orders

Orders Items

Airphoto prints 0 0 28,875 Dyeline prints l_ 25,537 2,25s} Machine plots 1,373 Photostats f 3,042

Negatives 0 0 -240 Airphoto prints 268 24,184 Diapositives 2,048 Airphoto enlargements 349 3,318

Sublocation sheets 0 0 11,409 Airphoto diapositive~. 66 1,506 Miscellaneous 20 17,006

17 APPENDIX 1. REG.liSTRATION SECTIONS llN CURRENT PROGRAMME 1.1. AGRICULTURAL LAND , (a) Consolidation Areas (i) Topographical Base Maps 1 :2,500 Province District Location .. Sheets Hectares Eastern ·Meru Mau a 219 29,649 (ii) Registry Index Maps Province District Reg. Section Scale Sheets Parcels Hectares Central Murang'a Kangure 1 :2,500 27 1,528 2,173 Githuri 33 838 2,828 Kigongo 26 1,070 1,911 Kiri~yaga­ Rukanga 29 776 3,152 Eastern" Meru Mugirirwa " 19 716 1,359 Lower Kiringa 15 215 1,083 " Jgane 27 997 1,994 N. Mugumango 19 852 1,650 Thuita 22 734 1,714 lgoki · 25 1,940 1,606 " Libu ru " 13 223 ' 783 Upper Kiungone .. 31 1,187 2,707 Chogoria .. 28 1,001 2,248 Mulathankari 14 806 831 Jgamurathi 12 442 669 ·" S. Mugumango 23 1,033 1,703 Totals 363 14,358 28,41 L

(b) Non-Consolidated Area (i} Topographical Base Maps Province District Location Sc ale Sheets Hectares Rift Valley Elgeyo 1 Marakwet Kimnai .. 1 :2;500 55 4,796 Kapsower 37 4,910 Bari;go Pokor-Keben 1 130 Kaptorokwa 2 276 " Kilombe .. 1:5',ooo 16 7,425 Nand'i .. Kapte! 1:2,500 1 ' 148 " Chepterwoi 2 19 Coast" Taita'' .. Taita Hills 81 11,199 Totals 195 28,903

(ii) Registry Index Maps Province District Reg. Section Scale Sheets Parcels Hectares Rift Valley Baringo Kitoru 1:2,500 8 335 567 Kabarak .. 27 450 1,381 Kabasis 11 665 789 Nandi Kurgung .. 31 460 2,645 Chepkongony 25 446 5,422 Lelmekwo .. 30 378 2,551 " Eisero .," 23 350 1,861 Chemnoet .. 26 429 2,074 Chemuswa " 28 382 2,241 Keri::'ho Liteiri 29 720 2,789 " Kibwestuiyo 25 586 2,134 Kabianga .. 1:5,000" 18 1,683 6,742 Tegat 13 1,056 3,872 Kaji;.,'do Rombo "A" 12 166 2,688 Coa~t Taita Werugha .. 1:Ï,5oo 18 1,405 1,340 Mgambonyi 27 1,238 2,276 " " " Total .. 351 10,749 41,372

18 (iii) Pre!iminary Index Diagrams

Province District Reg. Section Sca/e Sheets Parcels Hectares Western Kakamega .. Ebulonga .. 1:2,500 5 1,333 458 Ebuchitwa 7 2,208 656 " " Ebusakami 8 2,706 631 " " lndangalasia West 31 613 2,660 " Bukaya 21 864 1,964 " " Kisatiru 15 1,155 700 " " Chavakali .. 11 731 513 " " Namirama 1:5,000" 17 955 4,426 " Nambacha 14 715 2,989 " Khalaba 1:2,500" 34 751 4,253 " Kholera 30 713 3,578 " " Madzuu " 10 1,175 557 " Mahanga 11 1,267 587 " Matungu 29 801 3,198 " " Sidikho 1:5,000" 16 769 3,687 Sirigoi 1:2,500 .. 18 600 1,554 Busia" Elukongo .. 60 1,754 6,57~ ' " Ebusibwabo 32 722 4,408 " Bumala 17 734 ·1,962- " " Bujumba .. 17 624 1,552 Bungoma" S. Kanduyi 1:5,000" 22 1,095 5,482 " W. Sangalo 23 834 6,116 " " E. Sangalo 25 1,079 6,479 " " Mihuu 17 992 4,276 Nyanza" Kisii " Mwamwana 1:2,500" 15 1,101 1,724 Bosoti 43 1,687 4,934 Bombaba .. " 37 1,671 4,113 W. Bosamaro 27 1,530 2,774 " Bosingi 1:5,000" 14 1,227 3,226 " " Nyataaro .. 1:2,500 44 1,337 4,977 " Boochi 28 1,561 2,830 " Ikonge 23 745 2,433 " Magenche .• 34 1,573 3,255 ·" Boikanga· .. 43 1,665 4,951 " Botabori South 44 1,302 3,928 " " Kanyimbo •• 25 1,299 2,657 " Bonyakoni " 30 1,194 2,717 " Bonyamasicho 36 1,322 3,262 Bondonya .. 32 1,785 3,965 " Siaya" Anyiko " 14 1,320 1,196 Tingare 22 890 2,217 " Jina " 10 914 877 " Uyundo 11 346 1,198 Nyalenya .. 14 689 859 Homa" Bay .. Koluoch .. 33 765 2,775 " Kanjira 21 1,233 1,737 " " Kajiei 12 543 1,304 Eastern" Machakos" .. Kalawa/Kathulumbi 1:5,000" 16 476 8,067 Total .. 1,118 53,365 141,239 (iv) Pre/iminary Index Diagrams Uncontrolled Plane Table Surveys at 1 :5,000

Province District Reg. Section Scale Sheets Parcels Hectares Rift Valley Elgeyo

Marakwet Kabiego 0 0 1:5,000 6 140 2,662 Sambirir 8 246 2,796

Totals .. 14 386 5,458

(v) Preliminary Index Diagrams Re-done 1:2,500

Province District Reg. Section Diagrams Parcels Hectares Western Kakamega Lunganyiro 26 889 2,807 Mayoni 22 669 3,354 Nyanza" Roma" Bay Kowuor 16 454 1,071

Totals 64 2,012 7,232

(c) Distribution Areas: NIL

1.2 RANGE LAND

Province District Reg. Section Scale Hectares

Rift Valley Kajiado KapQtiei South 1:50,000 136,475 " , Kaputiei Central 1:50,000 74,462 Total 210,937 2. RBGISTRATION SECfiONS REDONE BY SURVEY OF KENYA Agricultural Land-Non-Consolidation Areas

Preliminary Index Diagrams 1 :2,500

Province District Reg. Section Diagrams Parce/s Hectares Western Kakamega Mushiangubu 22 1,184 1,211 lsongo .. 5 930 3,743 " " Lubinu .. 23 963 3,641 " " Koyonzo 41 1,206 3,662 " " Shikalame 18 1,250 1,605 " " Shibembe 12 1,097 1,286 " " Essaba .. 12 1,755 804 " " Lunza .. 42 1,625 4,697 " " Mung'ang'a 21 688 2,884 Busia" .. Kingandole 26 1,035 3,302 " Esikoma 34 1,109 3,339 " " Bukhalalire 26 1,091 2,410 " Bungoma" Sikhêndu 31 840 3,945 " BÔkoli .. 45 1,109 6,679 " " Kapsakwony 32 446 2,559 " Kaptama 52 533 4,267 " Chemoge 39 576 3,960 " " Kapkateny 26 531 2,475 Nyanza" .. Kisii " Kebirichi 32 176 4,533 Boitangare 27 1,124 3,391 " " Bonyamondo 1 .. 17 547 1,545 " Mwabundusi .. 15 596 799 " " Botabori 1 17 614 1,233 " HomaBay" Kowidi .. 17 424 968 " Kodumo, East .. 16 434 1,062 " " Kakangutu East 25 880 2,200 " Kodhoch East .. 36 812 2,694 " Totals 709 23,575 74,894

3. OTHER REGISTRATION SECTIONS Agricultural Land (a) Consolidation Area Registry Index Maps

Province District Region Section Scale Sheets Pa reels Hectares Central Murang'a Kagumoini 1:2,500 18 1,523 1,397 Gikarangu 21 1,810 2,294 Eastern" Meru" Mitunguu 20 192 1,508 Totals .. 59 3,525 5,199

(b) Non-Consolidation Areas: NIL

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