Orkustofnun, Grensasvegur 9, Reports 2014 IS-108 Reykjavik, Iceland Number 24 APPLICATION OF STABLE ISOTOPE GEOCHEMISTRY TO TRACING RECHARGE AND FLOW SYSTEMS OF FLUIDS IN THE OLKARIA GEOTHERMAL FIELD, KENYA Melissa Nailantei Nkapiani Kenya Electricity Generating Company – KenGen P.O. Box 785 – 20117, Naivasha KENYA
[email protected] ABSTRACT The long term success of any geothermal energy utilization depends on understanding groundwater movements and recharge areas. Water and steam condensates from subfields in the Olkaria geothermal field have been studied using the stable isotope ratios of hydrogen and oxygen to gain information on thermal fluid flow and to trace the origin of thermal waters. Isotope fractionation factors and mass balance equations were used to characterize reservoir fluid composition of wells in the area, assuming single stage steam separation. Comparison of the two methods yields coherent results for the oxygen- 18 isotope ratio, but the deuterium isotope ratio varies to some extent. The reservoir fluid isotope composition of the thermal waters suggests three recharge zones for the field: one from groundwater from the eastern Rift wall with δD about = -24‰; groundwater from the western Rift flank with δD about = -30‰; and the other from an evapo-concentrated source with δD about = 36‰. Qualitative interpretation of the available data suggests that the evapo-concentrated source largely contributes to the recharge of the East field, North East field and a part of the Domes field. Groundwater from the western rift wall recharges the West field of the area. The eastern Rift wall groundwater contributes to the southeast part of the Domes field.