DOCSLIB.ORG

Iris Hist TRIPTYCH

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Iris Hist TRIPTYCH Irish History A Topical Trptych The Land Eire: A Wild Geography an island never united politically, though homogenous culturally & linguistically difficult terrain (complicates invasions by Norseman (Vikings), Normans, and English modern transportation now overcoming barriers: some idealists envision unification . Four Provinces the west (Connaught): difficult geographies; inaccessible; romanticized the south (Munster): heavily Frenchified by Norman influence the east (Leinster): incl. “eastern triangle” w/ less rain, bog, & mountain; contains NewGrange, Tara, Dublin the north (Ulster): historically aloof; intractable (till Tudor “Plantations”) Scandinavia Attacks pagan Vikings from Norway invade in 8th c. conquer w/ long & low ships, helmets, heavy swords, iron spears drive Irish monasteries inland build towns & fortified settlements (Dublin, Limerick, Waterford, etc.), create market economy Norseman ally w/ various Irish kings Norse (Viking) sword & helmet Brian Boru 999 A.D.: Irish leader Boru defeats king of Leinster & Dublin Norse, etc. 1002 A.D.: becomes high king of Eire, puts down dissent over 12 yrs grants church in Armagh ecclesiastical supremacy over Eire rehabilitates institutions of learning and religion; builds roads 1014: Battle of Clontarf; defeats kingdom of Leinster & Dublin Norse, but dies. Eire unified. faithful, photorealistic renderings of the guy Anglo-Norman Invasion 1155: Pope Adrian IV issues papal bull Laudabiliter to English King Henry II “to teach the truths of the Christian faith to a rude & unlettered people” 1166: Diarmait Mac Murchada gains Henry II’s support to reclaim Leinster w/ Welsh volunteers; pact w/ Richard FitzGilbert (“Strongbow”) 1169: Strongbow takes Waterford, then all Leinster 1171: Henry II arrives, reserves Dublin & Wexford, allows Strongbow to hold Leinster; gives Meath to Hugh de Lacy, Ulster to John de Courcy, signs away Gaelic Irish lands of Cork & Limerick despite treaty of 1175, etc. King John (1199-1216): central admin. (Dublin Castle) Pope Adrian IV (only Englishman to ever be Pope) Trouble w/ the Tudors 1541: Henry VIII declares self king of Eire; ennobles friends (now earls) w/ confiscated Irish lands as feudal fiefs “plantation” of Protestant English into Irish lands continues; by 1590, most of Eire controlled by the English given strategic position of Eire in ongoing hostilities w/ France & Spain, Elizabeth insures fidelity by granting plots of land to Protestant English settlers who hold onto English language and culture 1593-1603: Ulster War—Irish clan leaders “The Rainbow Portrait, “an allegorical, revolt; ends w/ Battle of Kinsale (1601-1603) “ageless” representation, c.1600 The 17th Century 1607: Flight of the Earls (90+ Ulster aristocracy), incl. Hugh O’Neill 1609: Plantation of Ulster w/ English & Scottish Protestants (by James I) 1641: Irish Rebellion successful; 1642: Catholic Confederation results 1649-53: Cromwellian conquest 1697: Banishment Act Robert Walker’s ”Oliver Cromwell” (c.1649) Act of Union & Resistance 1791: United Irishmen (U.I.) founded; ’98 revolt fails; W. Tone & E. Fitzgerald die 1800: Act of Union 1823: Daniel O’Connell forms Catholic Association; 1840: forms Repeal Association; Clontarf meeting fails 1858: James Stephens & Irish Republican Brotherhood (Fenians); 1867 uprising 1879: Irish National Land League founded by Michael Davitt & Charles Parnell; 1881: Landlord & Tenant Act Theobald Wolfe Tone’s death mask 1886: Gladstone’s 1st Home Rule bill defeated Faith Christianity’s Advent: 5th c. St. Patrick arrives (c.430-450), authors 1st extant document written in Eire (in Latin) narrating conversion of Eire north of Munster. No martyrs needed. introduces monastic life; monasteries proliferate after St. Pat’s death Eire’s growing monastic (not diocesan) hierarchy unique in western Christendom at the time statue of St. Pat on Slieve Patrick, overlooking Saul & Raholp Monasticism in 6th c. many monasteries: St. Enda’s on Aran Islands, Colum Cille’s in Durrow, Derry, & Iona; St. Brigid’s at Kildare “monastery” denotes community more than a building (mere wooden huts) memorized much scripture, and some Latin classics by Virgil, etc. missionaries: Columbanus to Europe, Colum Cille to Scotland, etc. Saint Enda’s Monastery, Innish Mhór, Aran Islands 11th-12th c. Eire church organizes amidst conflicts, now sending missionaries abroad monastic organization leads to little pastoral care until . 1111 A.D.: national synod reorganizes Eire for pastoral purposes; presided over by Cellach & high-king, divides Eire into 24 sees (in 1148, redivided into 36 sees) 1142: arrival of Cistercians (attentive 8th-c. copy of Rule of St. Benedict: to society); end of monastic peace, pray, & work dominance Protestants vs. Catholics 1534: H. VIII establishes Church of E. after clash w/ Pope Urban VIII; monasteries dismantled 1695-1727: harshest penal laws enacted for Catholic worship, not conforming Church of E., refusing Oath of Supremacy penalty for 1st offense: forfeit all possessions unless total < 20£ (then, imprisonment) 1793: franchise restored to Catholics 1829: Catholic Relief Act: provides, but cultural split remains Storytelling & The Arts Ancient Arts & Class Stratification leaders: high king, king of a province, over-kings, king of a tuath (petty kingdom) aristocracy: nobles, ollam (chief poet) áes dána (“men of art”): the learned classes (incl. filí & brehons), portable franchise/mobility, memorization freemen: skilled tradesmen (incl. smiths, physicians, & harpers) unfree classes: slaves, labourers, musicians, pipers, jugglers 8th c. Irish Legal Manuscript (created by Brehons) Golden Age of Early Christian Ireland: 7th & 8th c. synergy of Irish and Latin worlds . poetry students learn to read, write Christians now using Brehon courts, drawing up ecclesiastical laws clerics adopting heroic motifs when writing of saints like Patrick, Brigid Christian artist employ Gaelic Irish designs pages from the Book of Kells (c. 800 A.D.) 11th-12th c. Eire: language poets develop first grammar of a western European language Irish language replacing Latin in monastic schools art of illumination developed new literature: lives of saints, sermons, Biblical history, from the Leabhar na hUidhre (Book devotional lyrics, etc. of the Dun Cow). c/1100( Literary Arts as Protest 1729: Swift’s “A Modest Proposal” 1842: Young Ireland formed, associated with weekly paper The Nation; failed insurrection in 1848 1892: D. Hyde’s “The Necessity for De-Anglicising the Irish Nation” 1893: Gaelic League founded 1893: WBY’s “To Ireland in the Coming Times” 1897: WBY, Lady Gregory, and photo of Inis Oírr, Edward Martyn discuss theater part of Aran Islands Irish Literary Renaissance 1899: United Irishman weekly paper resurrected by Arthur Griffith & John Mitchel; contributors incl. poet Padraig Pearse & incendiary Maud Gonne 1899: performance of WBY’s play “The Countess Cathleen” 1901: production of Douglas Hyde’s Casadh an tSúgáin (The Twisting of the Rope), in Irish 1902: WBY’s Cathleen ni Houlihan; 1903: Synge’s Riders to the Sea 1904: Abbey Theater opens w/ WBY’s On the original Abbey Theater Baile’s Strand and Lady Gregory’s Spreading the News UNUSED SLIDES (no need to know this material) Celtic, Pre-Christian Eire La Tène, an old iron age culture, reaches Eire around 2nd c. B.C. Celtic war trumpets, torques (collars) found in Ulster & Connacht—site of Irish sagas Irish Gaelic derives from Q-Celtic; linguistic unity in Eire Heroic Age ends by 450 A.D. when Connachta destroy Ulster kingdom of Emain Macha Early Irish Society (1st-8th centuries, A.D.) the tuath petty kingdoms 150+ tuatha, despite national population under 500,000 the fine extended family group commoners live in individual farms better homesteads were raths (see right) surrounded by an earthen rampart Social Order & Exchange king held no legal power; no law enforcement per se; closely-knit family groups help maintain order elaborate giving of hostages or pledges formed system of guarantee status expressed materially by one’s eneclann (“honour-price”) sét: basic unit of value (sometimes two forms of ancient Irish equal to a young heifer) currency: seer & cumal cumal = female slave (or 6 séts) 11th-12th c. Eire: politics 100-200 petty kingdoms, and some Norse towns 7 states: Munster, Leinster, Connacht, Meath, Ailech, Airgialla, and Ulaid since Boru, high-kingship is now fought over by rival provincial kings O’Connors rising in power until Diarmait Mac Murchada ousted from Leinster & appeals to Henry II Norse (Viking) sword & helmet Anglo-Norman Influence 1250: at this point, 75% of Eire overcome by Normans; conquered areas become peaceful, ordered King John (1199-1216) provides central administration, Dublin Castle 1297: first parliament draws elected representatives from 7 counties and a few “liberties” (Meath, Kildare, Ulster, etc.) Normans encourage Gaelic Irish to continue herding cattle, tilling soil Normans 1st to use coins generally; King John, unknown painter and increase trade thru market towns date Young Ireland 1842: Young Ireland formed, associated with weekly newspaper The Nation Thomas Davis: Irish nationality which embraces everyone Charles Gavan Duffy: Irish parliamentary party should remain independent of both English parties John Mitchel: complete separation from England; physical force needed James Fintan Lalor: links independence to land movement James Fintan Lalor (1807-1849) 1848: failed insurrection.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Irish History Links
    Irish History topics pulled together by Dan Callaghan NC AOH Historian in 2014 Athenry Castle; http://www.irelandseye.com/aarticles/travel/attractions/castles/Galway/athenry.shtm Brehon Laws of Ireland; http://www.libraryireland.com/Brehon-Laws/Contents.php February 1, in ancient Celtic times, it was the beginning of Spring and later became the feast day for St. Bridget; http://www.chalicecentre.net/imbolc.htm May 1, Begins the Celtic celebration of Beltane, May Day; http://wicca.com/celtic/akasha/beltane.htm. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ February 14, 269, St. Valentine, buried in Dublin; http://homepage.eircom.net/~seanjmurphy/irhismys/valentine.htm March 17, 461, St. Patrick dies, many different reports as to the actual date exist; http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/11554a.htm Dec. 7, 521, St. Columcille is born, http://prayerfoundation.org/favoritemonks/favorite_monks_columcille_columba.htm January 23, 540 A.D., St. Ciarán, started Clonmacnoise Monastery; http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04065a.htm May 16, 578, Feast Day of St. Brendan; http://parish.saintbrendan.org/church/story.php June 9th, 597, St. Columcille, dies at Iona; http://www.irishcultureandcustoms.com/ASaints/Columcille.html Nov. 23, 615, Irish born St. Columbanus dies, www.newadvent.org/cathen/04137a.htm July 8, 689, St. Killian is put to death; http://allsaintsbrookline.org/celtic_saints/killian.html October 13, 1012, Irish Monk and Bishop St. Colman dies; http://www.stcolman.com/ Nov. 14, 1180, first Irish born Bishop of Dublin, St. Laurence O'Toole, dies, www.newadvent.org/cathen/09091b.htm June 7, 1584, Arch Bishop Dermot O'Hurley is hung by the British for being Catholic; http://www.exclassics.com/foxe/dermot.htm 1600 Sept.
    [Show full text]
  • Scottish Migration to Ireland
    SCOTTISH MIGRATION TO IRELAND (1565 - 16(7) by r '" M.B.E. PERCEVAL~WELL A thesis submitted to the Faculty of er.duet. Studies and Research In partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Degree of Master of Arts. Department of History, McGIII UnIversity, Montreal. August,1961 • eRgFAcE ------..--- ---------------..--------------..------ .. IN..-g.JCTI()tf------------------..--·----------...----------------..-..- CHAPTER ONE Social and Economic Conditions in UI ster and Scotland..--.... 17 CtMPTER TWO Trade and Its Influence on Mlgratlon-------------------..-- 34 CHAPTER ItREE Tbe First Permanent Foothold---------..-------------------- 49 CHAPTER FOUR Scottish Expansion In Ir.land......-------------..-------......- 71 CHAPTER FIVE Rei 1910n and MIgratlon--------------·------------------------ 91 CHAPTEB SIX The Flnel Recognition of the Scottish Position In I reI and....-------·-----------------------------.....----------..... 107 COffCl,US IQN-..--------------------·---------·--·-----------..------- 121 BIBl,1 ~--------------.-- ....-----------------.-----....-------- 126 - 11 - All populatlons present the historian with certain questions. Their orIgins, the date of their arrival, their reason for coming and fInally, how they came - all demand explanatIon. The population of Ulster today, derived mainly from Scotland, far from proving 8n exception, personifies the problem. So greatly does the population of Ulster differ from the rest of Ireland that barbed wire and road blocks period­ Ically, even now, demark the boundaries between the two. Over three centuries after the Scots arrived, they stili maintain their differences from those who Inhabited Ireland before them. The mein body of these settlers of Scottish descent arrived after 1607. The 'flight of the earls,' when the earls of Tyron. and Tyrconnell fled to the conTinent, left vast areas of land In the hands of the crown. Although schemes for the plantation of U.lster had been mooted before, the dramatic exit of the two earls flnelly aroused the English to action.
    [Show full text]
  • The Writings of James Fintan Lalor, with an Introduction Embodying
    / tDhe Sbamuocb Jjibnopy WEITINGS OF JAMS FINTAN LALOR i THE .WRITINGS OF JAMES FINTAN LALOR. gin introduction EMBODYING PERSONAL RECOLLECTIONS. BY JOHN O'LEARY. gCnb rt grief |,il rmoiv. DUBLIN : T. G. O'DONOGHUE, 3 BEDFORD ROW, ASTON'S QUAY, U. S. A. FRANCIS NUGENT, 52 MAIN STREET, PEABODY, MASSACHUSETTS. BOSTON COLLEGE LlBHAKY CHESTNUT HILL, MASS. <]SQS ,L3 u ^ CONTENTS. PAGE. !. Introduction, .. .. .. vii 2. Memoir, _. .. .. xix 3. Letter to Duffy, _. .. .. i 4. A New Nation, _. .. .. 9 5. Tenants' Right and Landlord Law, .. t^6 '6. A National Council, .. .. 53 ^ 7. The Rights of Ireland, .. .. 59 Irish 8. To the Confederate and Repeal 73 Clubs, 9. The Faith of a Felon, .. .. 93 ID. Clearing the Decks, ,_ .. 107 II. The Rights of Labour, .. .. 114 1847 INTRODUCTION. I HAVE been requested to say something by way of introduction to a collection of the writings —small in bulk, but still, to my mind, very big in substance and form—of my old friend Lalor, and I willingly comply with the request. Scarcely any man living, at least out of his own family, with the probable exception of my friend Thomas Clarke Luby, can have known him better, and few, if any, can have a higher opinion of the intellectual and moral merits of the man. I cannot, however, do better for Lalor's memory than by extracting from a book of mine, still unpublished, all that directly bears upon him. I extract, then, without any further comment, but only with the explanation that, from the nature of my book, I could not easily detach from it what I think it necessary to say here of — Vlll INTRODUCTION.
    [Show full text]
  • Imeacht Na Niarlí the Flight of the Earls 1607 - 2007 Imeacht Na Niarlí | the Flight of the Earls
    Cardinal Tomás Ó Fiaich Roddy Hegarty Memorial Library & Archive Imeacht Na nIarlí The Flight of the Earls 1607 - 2007 Imeacht Na nIarlí | The Flight of the Earls Introduction 1 The Nine Years War 3 Imeacht na nIarlaí - The Flight of the Earls 9 Destruction by Peace 17 Those who left Ireland in 1607 23 Lament for Lost Leaders 24 This publication and the education and outreach project of Cardinal Tomás Ó Fiaich Memorial Library & Archive, of which it forms part, have been generously supported by Heritage Lottery Fund Front cover image ‘Flight of the Earls’ sculpture in Rathmullan by John Behan | Picture by John Campbell - Strabane Imeacht Na nIarlí | The Flight of the Earls Introduction “Beside the wave, in Donegal, The face of Ireland changed in September 1607 when and outreach programme supported by the Heritage the Earls of Tyrone and Tyrconnell along with their Lottery Fund. The emphasis of that exhibition was to In Antrim’s glen or far Dromore, companions stept aboard a ship at Portnamurry near bring the material held within the library and archive Or Killillee, Rathmullan on the shores of Lough Swilly and departed relating to the flight and the personalities involved to a their native land for the continent. As the Annals of wider audience. Or where the sunny waters fall, the Four Masters records ‘Good the ship-load that was In 2009, to examine how those events played a role At Assaroe, near Erna’s shore, there, for it is certain that the sea has never carried in laying the foundation for the subsequent Ulster nor the wind blown from Ireland in recent times a This could not be.
    [Show full text]
  • MT Papal Intrigu Es Against Irish Liberty From
    M T PA PAL I N T R I GU ES AGAINST IRISH LIB ERT Y FROM H rri n IV D XIII d a . to ec . BY A MA IRE J MES G. GU , - EX J UDGE T HE SUPE I C OURT SAN A NC I SC C A LI NI A . OF R OR OF FR O . FOR T H I RD ED IT I O N. SAN FRANCISCO B AME . ARRY S 429 . j H , MONTGOMERY STREET 1 890 . Ifle la fl d a nd T he Po e p . A BRIEF HIST O RY OF PAPAL I NT R I GU ES AGAINST IRISH LIB ERT Y FROM H rfi n IV III . o X d a t . BY AMES G. MAGUIRE J , J UDGE T HE SUPE I C OURT SAN A NC I SC C A LI NI A OF R OR OF FR O , FOR . ' T /z R s r f must be be d e e e zp o ye . A D INA . C R L SIMEONI J . A e y , u in fl They can crush s as ages own. ’ What to them is a nation s angui sh ” more Nothing than a dying groan . UNA . OF T B l l SAN FRANCISCO R Y Y . B 429 . JAMES H A R , MONTGOMER STREET 1 888 . D D CA O N E I T I . To the heroes who , in spite of popes and kings , on r ish poured their blood the altar of I liberty , and fl thus kept alive the patriot ame , through the long ’ centuries of I rel and s night of slavery ; and to all the living priests and people who believe that I re land ’ s struggle for liberty should not be postponed to await the pleasure of any foreign potentate , this book is affectionately dedicated .
    [Show full text]
  • The Influence of the Irish Tudor and Stuart Plantation Experiences in the Evolution of American Colonial Theory and Practice
    W&M ScholarWorks Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects 1992 "This Famous Island in the Virginia Sea": The Influence of the Irish Tudor and Stuart Plantation Experiences in the Evolution of American Colonial Theory and Practice Meaghan Noelle Duff College of William & Mary - Arts & Sciences Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd Part of the United States History Commons Recommended Citation Duff, Meaghan Noelle, ""This Famous Island in the Virginia Sea": The Influence of the Irish udorT and Stuart Plantation Experiences in the Evolution of American Colonial Theory and Practice" (1992). Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects. Paper 1539625771. https://dx.doi.org/doi:10.21220/s2-kvrp-3b47 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects at W&M ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects by an authorized administrator of W&M ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. "THIS FAMOUS ISLAND IN THE VIRGINIA SEA": THE INFLUENCE OF IRISH TUDOR AND STUART PLANTATION EXPERIENCES ON THE EVOLUTION OF AMERICAN COLONIAL THEORY AND PRACTICE A THESIS PRESENTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY THE COLLEGE OF WILLIAM AND MARY IN VIRGINIA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS BY MEAGHAN N. DUFF MAY, 1992 APPROVAL SHEET THIS THESIS IS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS AGHAN N APPROVED, MAY 1992 '''7 ^ ^ THADDEUS W. TATE A m iJI________ JAMES AXTELL CHANDOS M.
    [Show full text]
  • Curriculum Vitae
    CURRICULUM VITAE Dr. Éamonn Ó Ciardha Senior Lecturer School of English, History and Politics Room MI208 Aberfoyle House Magee Campus University of Ulster Northland Road Derry/Londonderry BT 48 7JL Tel.: 02871-375257 E.Mail: [email protected] Education: Ph.D., 1992-98 (Clare Hall, Cambridge University). 'A Fatal Attachment: Ireland and the Jacobite cause 1684-1766'. Supervisor: Dr. B. I. Bradshaw [Queens' College Cambridge] M.A., 1989-91 (University College Dublin). “Buachaillí an tsléibhe agus bodaigh gan chéille” [‘Mountain boys and senseless churls’], Woodkerne, Tories and Rapparees in Ulster and North Connaught in the Seventeenth Century'. Supervisor: J.I. Mc Guire B.A., 1986-89 (University College Dublin). History and Irish Appointments: Lecturer, School of English, History and Politics, University of Ulster (Oct 2005-) Program Coordinator and Director of Undergraduate Studies, Keough Institute for Irish Studies, University of Notre Dame, Indiana, USA, (Aug 2004-Jun 2005) IRCHSS (Government of Ireland) Post-Doctoral Fellow, Department of Modern History, Trinity College Dublin. (Oct 2002-Oct 2004) Visiting Adjunct Professor, Keough Institute of Irish Studies, University of Notre Dame and Assistant Professional Specialist in University Libraries, University of Notre Dame (Aug, 2001-Jul 2002) Visiting Professor of Irish Studies, St. Michael’s College, University of Toronto. (Sept, 2000-Dec 2000) Researcher for the Royal Irish Academy-sponsored Dictionary of Irish Biography (Nov 1997-Nov 1999), researching and writing articles for the forthcoming Dictionary of Irish Biography, 9 vols (Cambridge, 2009) Research assistant, University of Aberdeen, Faculty of Modern History. (Oct 1996- Oct 1997) Bibliographer, Bibliography of British History, under the auspices of the Royal Historical Society and Cambridge University.
    [Show full text]
  • Co. Londonderry – Historical Background Paper the Plantation
    Co. Londonderry – Historical Background Paper The Plantation of Ulster and the creation of the county of Londonderry On the 28th January 1610 articles of agreement were signed between the City of London and James I, king of England and Scotland, for the colonisation of an area in the province of Ulster which was to become the county of Londonderry. This agreement modified the original plan for the Plantation of Ulster which had been drawn up in 1609. The area now to be allocated to the City of London included the then county of Coleraine,1 the barony of Loughinsholin in the then county of Tyrone, the existing town at Derry2 with adjacent land in county Donegal, and a portion of land on the county Antrim side of the Bann surrounding the existing town at Coleraine. The Londoners did not receive their formal grant from the Crown until 1613 when the new county was given the name Londonderry and the historic site at Derry was also renamed Londonderry – a name that is still causing controversy today.3 The baronies within the new county were: 1. Tirkeeran, an area to the east of the Foyle river which included the Faughan valley. 2. Keenaght, an area which included the valley of the river Roe and the lowlands at its mouth along Lough Foyle, including Magilligan. 3. Coleraine, an area which included the western side of the lower Bann valley as far west as Dunboe and Ringsend and stretching southwards from the north coast through Macosquin, Aghadowey, and Garvagh to near Kilrea. 4. Loughinsholin, formerly an area in county Tyrone, situated between the Sperrin mountains in the west and the river Bann and Lough Neagh on the east, and stretching southwards from around Kilrea through Maghera, Magherafelt and Moneymore to the river Ballinderry.
    [Show full text]
  • 222 1 Remembering the Famine
    NOTES 1 Remembering the Famine 1. Speech by the Minister of State, Avril Doyle TD, Famine Commemoration Programme, 27 June 1995. 2. The text of a message from the British Prime Minister, Mr Tony Blair, delivered by Britain’s Ambassador to the Republic of Ireland, Veronica Sutherland, on Saturday 31 May 1997 at the Great Irish Famine Event, in Cork (British Information Services, 212). 3. Irish News, 4 February 1997. 4. The designation of the event is contested; some nationalists find the use of the word ‘famine’ offensive and inappropriate given the large amounts of food exported from Ireland. For more on the debate, see Kinealy, A Death-Dealing Famine: The Great Hunger in Ireland (Pluto Press, 1997), Chapter 1. 5. The Irish Times, 3 June 1995. 6. The most influential work which laid the ground for much subsequent revisionist writing was R. D. Crotty, Irish Agricultural Production (Cork University Press, 1996). 7. The most polished and widely read exposition of the revisionist interpretation was provided in Roy Foster, Modern Ireland, 1600–1972 (London, 1988). 8. Roy Foster, ‘We are all Revisionists Now’, in Irish Review (Cork, 1986), pp. 1–6. 9. Professor Seamus Metress, The Irish People, 10 January 1996. Similar arguments have also been expressed by Professor Brendan Bradshaw of Cambridge Univer- sity, a consistent – but isolated – opponent of revisionist interpretation. See, for example, Irish Historical Studies, xxvi: 104 (November 1989), pp. 329–51. 10. Christine Kinealy, ‘Beyond Revisionism’, in History Ireland: Reassessing the Irish Famine (Winter 1995). 11. For more on this episode, see Cormac Ó Gráda, ‘Making History in Ireland in the 1940s and 1950s: The Saga of the Great Famine’, in The Irish Review (1992), pp.
    [Show full text]
  • Daniel O'connell and Catholic Emancipation
    Page 1 of 5 Daniel O’Connell and Catholic Emancipationgeneral lesson activities Learning outcomes n Learning Outcomes • Explain the Penal Laws. group discussion • Define Catholic Emancipation. • Discuss the Catholic Association. general lesson activities • Examine primary source documents. • Apply critical thinking. Learning outcomes • Link to prior knowledge and the local area. group discussion n Some Ideas to Begin: Pair/Group Work Discussion Note: This lesson further explores topics contained within the Interactive Timeline and Map. 1. Connect with prior knowledge and the local area. • What do students already know about the Penal Laws? • Did the Penal Laws leave any physical imprints on the local area? Possible discussion points include Mass rocks, hedge schools, non-denominational cemeteries including Goldenbridge and Glasnevin Cemeteries. Classrooms can discuss this topic further by searching the National Folklore Collection UCD Digitization Project, available to view on https://www.duchas.ie/. Here you can search keywords (such as those listed as possible discussion points) and returns from different localities. 2. Connecting the past to the present. In the present day: • Who can become an elected member of Dáil Éireann? • Who can vote in general elections in the Republic of Ireland? For more detail on this see: https://www.citizensinformation.ie/en/government_in_ireland/national_government/houses_of_the_ oireachtas/dail_eireann.html#l86bf7 Return to this point at the end of the lesson and contrast modern electoral laws with those from the past. n Penal Laws: What were they? The Penal Laws were a series of laws that restricted the lives of Roman Catholics and Protestant Dissenters (for example, Presbyterians who were not part of the Established Church).
    [Show full text]
  • Young Ireland and Southern Nationalism Bryan Mcgovern Kennesaw State University, [email protected]
    Irish Studies South | Issue 2 Article 5 September 2016 Young Ireland and Southern Nationalism Bryan McGovern Kennesaw State University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.georgiasouthern.edu/iss Part of the Celtic Studies Commons, and the Literature in English, British Isles Commons Recommended Citation McGovern, Bryan (2016) "Young Ireland and Southern Nationalism," Irish Studies South: Iss. 2, Article 5. Available at: https://digitalcommons.georgiasouthern.edu/iss/vol1/iss2/5 This article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at Digital Commons@Georgia Southern. It has been accepted for inclusion in Irish Studies South by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons@Georgia Southern. For more information, please contact [email protected]. McGovern: Young Ireland and Southern Nationalism Young Ireland and Southern Nationalism Bryan McGovern We have changed the battle-field, But the cause abandoned never— Here a sharper sword to wield, And wage the endless war for ever. Yes! the war we wage with thee— That of light with power infernal— As it hath been still shall be, Unforgiving and eternal. Let admiring nations praise The phantoms of the murdered millions. Hark! from out their shallow graves Wail our brothers o’er the billow— “We have died the death of slaves, Weeds our food, the earth our pillow.” Lo! the ghastly spectre throng, Shroudless all in awful pallor! Vengeance! who should right their wrong? We have arms, and men, and valour. Strike! the idol long adored Waits the doom just gods award her; To arms! away! with fire and sword, Our march is o’er the British border! The harlot, drunk with pride as wine, Revels in her guilty palace, Thus Belshazzar Syria’s vine Quaffed from plundered Salem’s chalice.
    [Show full text]
  • The Plantation of Ulster
    The Plantation of Ulster : The Story of Co. Fermanagh Fermanagh County Museum Enniskillen Castle Castle Barracks Enniskillen Co. Fermanagh A Teachers Aid produced by N. Ireland BT74 7HL Fermanagh County Museum Education Service. Tel: + 44 (0) 28 6632 5000 Fax: +44 (0) 28 6632 7342 Email: [email protected] Web:www.enniskillencastle.co.uk Suitable for Key Stage 3 Page 1 The Plantation Medieval History The Anglo-Normans conquered Ireland in the late 12th century and by 1250 controlled three-quarters of the country including all the towns. Despite strenuous efforts, they failed to conquer the north west of Ireland and this part of Ireland remained in Irish hands until the end of the 16th century. The O’Neills and O’Donnells controlled Tyrone and Donegal and, from about 1300, the Maguires became the dominant clan in an area similar to the Crowning of a Maguire Chieftain at Cornashee, near Lisnaskea. Conjectural drawing by D Warner. Copyright of Fermanagh County Museum. present county of Fermanagh. In the rest of the country Anglo Norman influence had declined considerably by the 15th century, their control at that time extending only to the walled towns and to a small area around Dublin, known as the Pale. However, from the middle of the 16th century England gradually extended its control over the country until the only remaining Gaelic stronghold was in the central and western parts of the Province of Ulster. Gaelic Society Gaelic Ireland was a patchwork of independent kingdoms, each ruled by a chieftain and bound by a common set of social, religious and legal traditions.
    [Show full text]