Electrical Technology, a Suggested 2-Year Post High School Curriculum

R E P O R T R ESUMES

ED 013 313 VT 001 875 ELECTRICAL TECHNOLOGY, A SUGGESTED 2-YEAR POST HIGH SCHOOL CURRICULUM. BY- ARNOLD, WALTER M. OFFICE OF EDUCATION, WASHINGTON, D.C. REPORT NUMBER 0E-60006 PUB DATE 60 EDRS PRICE MF-$0.50 HC-15.0$ 121P.

DESCRIPTORS- ELECTRICITY, *TRADE AND INDUSTRIAL EDUCATION, *TECHNICAL EDUCATION, *CURRICULUM GUIDES, *CURRICULUM, *ELECTRONIC TECHNICIANS, EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES, INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS,

THE PURPOSE OF THIS CURRICULUM GUIDE IS TO AID ADMINISTRATORS, SUPERVISORS: AND TEACHERS PLAN, DEVELOP, AND EVALUATE PFOGRAMS. TECHNICAL MATERIALS WERE PREPARED BY THE STAFF OF THE TECHNICAL INSTITUTE DIVISION OF THE OKLAHOMA STATE UNIVERSITY PURSUANT TO A U.S. OFFICE OF EDUCATION (USOE) CONTRACT. OTHER PORTIONS WERE PREPARED BY THE STAFF OF THE AREA VOCATIONAL EDUCATION BRANCH, USOE. TECHNICAL ACCURACY WAS CHECKED BY FIVE ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS. THE CURRICULUM IS PRESENTED AND DISCUSSED, AND COURSE OUTLINES GIVE (1) HOURS REQUIRED,(2) DESCRIPTIONS (COURSE), (3) MAJOR DIVISIONS (OUTLINE), AND (4) TEXTS AND REFERENCES. THE APPENDIX INCLUDES -- (1) EXAMPLES OF INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS, UNITS, LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS, REPORT WRITING STANDARDS, AND REPORTS,(2) FLOORPLANS, AND (3) LISTS OF EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES WITH COSTS. INSTRUCTORS MUST HAVE TECHNICAL. COMPETENCE, INDUSTRIAL EXPERIENCE, AND PROFESSIONAL ACUMEN. STUDENTS SHOULD HAVE A 6000 GENERAL EDUCATION BACKGROUND WITH ONE OR TWO YEARS OF MATHEMATICS AND SCIENCE. THIS DOCUMENT IS AVAILABLE AS GPO NUMBER FS 5.280-S0006 FOR 75 CENTS FROM SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS: U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON, D.C. 20402. (EM) 0E-80006 AREA VOCATIONALEDUCATION PROGRAM SERIESNO. 1 ,

i Electrical Technology i A tuggested2-Year Post HighSchool Curriculum

U S DEPARTMENT OF , i':ALT11, EDUCATION, ANDWELFARE Office of Education U.S. 0800111ENT OfKumEDUCATION & WELFAE OFFICE OF EDUCATION OE-1100011

TIE DOCUMENT HAS BEEN REPRODUCED EXACTLY AS RECEIVEDFROM THE PEON OR ORANIZATION 0116111ATIN6 IT.POINTS OF VIEW OR OPINIONSLANC STATED DO NOT NECESSARY REPRINT OFFICIALmaOF EDUCATION POSITION OR POLICY.

AREA VOCATIONAL EDUCATIONPROGRAM SERIES NO. 1

ELECTRICAL

TECHNOLOGY A Suggested 2-Year Post High School Curriculum

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE Office of Education

Welk 184.Milfre Foreword PHENOMENAL technological advances have been accomplished by scientists, engineers, mathematicians, and other technical workers including skilled craftsmen, with their specialized skills, working together as teams in developing new applications for scientific principles.The ever-increasing need for the combined talents of such teams has resulted in an unprecedented demand not only for the creative scientist and engineer, but also for technically competent supporting personnel and skilled craftsmen with a good working knowledge of the basic principles of mathematics and science.This group of supporting personnel and skilled craftsmen is making an increasingly greater contribution to the technical team, and is in critical demand wherever there is work in product development of a scientific or technical nature. This bulletin and a companion publication, Electronic Technology, have been prepared to suggest poet high school curriculums in the broad fields of electrical and electronic technologies.They are designed to illustrate types of full-time, 2-year preparatory programs which can provide certain basic education for entry jobs in these fields in support of engineers and scientific personnel, entrance into apprenticeship programs with the possibility of advanced standing, or other beginning work. They are not designed to prepare students for a specific job. They contain curriculums, course descriptions to develop the curriculums, and some suggested physical facilities layouts. The courses in the first yearbasic mathematics, science, electricity and electronicsand other subject mattersocial science and language arts are identical in both the electrical and electronic curriculums.Specialization, or branching into one technology field or the other, comes at the beginning of the second year in schools which may offer both curriculums concurrently. The material in this bulletin should be helpful to administrators, supervisors, teacher trainers, and teachers in the promotion and development of new programs.It should also be useful as criteria for evaluating and upgrading existing technology curriculums.It should be recognized that the curriculum contained herein is a suggested curriculum.It must in most instances be adapted to meet local needs and preferences. The technical materials in this bulletin were prepared by selected, staff members of the Technical Institute Division of Oklahoma State University under a contractual arrangement between the University and the U.S. Office of Education. The social studies, communication skills, and shop processes courses were prepared by the staff of the Area Vocational Education Branch. All of the materials in this publication were under continuous discussion and review between the selected staff members of the university and the Area Vocational Education Branch. Many varied suggestions and criticisms were received by the branch from the university, consulting engineers, and other institutions and agencies which reviewed the material in draft form.Ob- viously, all views expressed could not possibly be incorporated into the final document.However, every suggestion received was carefully analysed by all members of the branch staff and made part of the final document wherever UI TV FOREWORD possible.In view of this situation, it should not be inferred that the final curriculums are completely approvedor endorsed by any one institution, agency, or person. The technical accuracy of the curriculum materials is due largelyto the work of a group of five outstanding electrical engineering leaders whothor- oughly reviewed the materials.This review was followed by two days of intensive conference sessions with these engineers, the staff of theArea Vocational Education Branch and Mr. Maurice W. Roney, acting director of the Technical Institute Division and director of the School of Industrial Education of Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Okla. The final draft of this publicationwas prepared under the direction of Walter M. Arnold, director of the Area Vocational Education Branch,by members of the branch staff.

JAMES H. Pi:ARSON Alai dant Comtnivtioner for Vocational Education Acknowledgments

THE U.S. Office of Education, Division of Vocational Education, recognizes the outstanding contributions of the following men who are members of prominent engineering and scientific associations and societies and have achieved recognition and distinction for their contributions to the field: Stephen M. Batori, Controls and Communications Co., 1695 West 1st Avenue, Eugene, Oreg. E. W. Boehne, Department of Electrical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Mass. William J. Burns, Manager of Mechanical Engineering, Long Island Lighting Co., 175 East Old Country Road, Hicksville, N.Y. Joseph J. A. Jessel, Bureau of Power, Federal Power Commission, Wash ington, D.C. George F. Maedel, President, RCA Institutes, 350 West 4th Street, New York, N.Y. Maurice W. Roney, Acting Director, The Technical Institute, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Okla. B. G. A. Skrotzki, Associate Editor, "Power," McGraw-Hill Publishing Co., Inc., 330 West 42d Street, New York 32, N.Y. The U.S. Office of Education also acknowledges with appreciation the review of the materials and the constructive criticisms made by the administrators and staff members of the following institutions or agencies: Wentworth Institute H. Russell Beatty, President Boston, Mass. Dunwoody Institute John Butler, Director Minneapolis, Minn. Western Michigan University George E. Kohrman, Dean, School Kalamazoo, Mich. of Applied Arts and Studies Washington State Board for Voca-Herman N. Miller, State Director tional Education of Vocational Education Olympia, Wash. Rochester Institute of Technology Mark Ellingson, President Rochester, N.Y. Connecticut State Board for Voca-Joseph T. Nerden, Chief, Bureau tional Education of Technical Institutes Hartford, Conn. Mohawk Valley Technical InstituteAlbert V. Payne, President Utica, N.Y. Southern Illinois University Ernest J. Simon, Dean Division of Technical and Adult Education Carbondale, Ill. VI ACKNOWLEDGMENTS California State Board for Voca-Wesley P. Smith, State Director tional Education of Vocational Education Sacramento, Calif. Erie County Technical Institute Laurence E. Spring, President Buffalo, N.Y. Milwaukee School of Engineering Karl O. Werwath, President Milwaukee, Wis. Del Mar Technical Institute Everett R. Williams, Dean Corpus Christi, Tex. Georgia State Board for VocationalW. M. Hicks, Supervisor, Trade Education and Industrial Education Atlanta, Ga. Ohio College of Applied Science G. Ross Henninger, President Cincinnati, Ohio Oregon State Board for Vacational W. G. Loomis, State Supervisor Education of Trade and Industrial Salem, Oreg. Education Contents Pate FOREWORD III

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS V

INTRODUCTION 1 ABOUT THE CURRICULUM 6 COURSE OUTLINES ER 114Technical Mathematics I (Algebra and Trigonometry) 9 ER 115Direct Current Circuits and Machines 11 G 113Social Science 14 G 123Technical 'Drawing 17 G 133Communication Skills 20 ER 164Technical Mathematics II (Applied Analytical Geometryand Calculus) 22 ER 185Time Varying Circuits 24 ER 165Basic Electronics 27 G 111 Shop Processes 33 G 161 Technical Report Writing 36 G 162Graphic Analysis 38 G 204Engineering Science 41 E213Electrical Instruments and Measurements 45 E215Alternating Current Machines 48 E272Electrical Installation Planning 52 213Chemistry and Applications in Electricity 54 E264Industrial Electronics 58 E 274Electrical Control Circuits 60 E 284Electrical Power SystemsIn-Plant Distribution (With UtilitySystems Option) 63 E294Operating Problem Analysis 68 APPENDIXES A. Sample Instructional Materials 73 B. Physical Facilities Layouts 106 C. Equipment and Supplies 115 ElectricalTechnology A Suggested2-Year Post HighSchool Curriculum Introduction

physics.It is recognized,however, that many E COURSESoutlined in thiscurriculum having had not provide optimum students will enter this program THguide have been arranged to more than 1 or2 years of highschool mathematics specialized technicalinstruction in a 2 -year post the and science; and,that institutionsestablishing high school program.The objective and require- emphasis throughout is on anunderstanding programs mayhave to temper entrance ments in thelight of the conditionsexisting in of the engineeringprinciples basic to thefield of the The guide is or- the service areafrom which students come, electrical power technology. of high schools inthe ganized for use in a systemof education quite graduation requirements area, andState requirements.It is not the pur- unlike that foundineither the professional the subject trade pose ofthis bulletin to elaborate on engineering school orin the traditional and selection.It should The curriculum isorganized to provide of student recruitment school. be obvious even tothe casual observer,however, a basicpreparation for entryjobs in a variety of guidance and testing pro- occupations in the fieldof electrical powerdis- that a comprehensive gram is mostdesirable. The programis rigorous tribution and in thedesign and manufactureof students and The courses arearranged and will requirecarefully selected electrical equipment. intensive effort on the partof students andin- in workable sequencesuitable to theinstructional the assumption with an appropriatebalance structors.It is also based on needs of students that students willhave had a good basicgeneral between technology courses,general education they enter this program. laboratory applications.It is not a education by the time courses, and For that reason aminimum of generaleducation pre-engineering curriculum. will have a good subjects is included. A graduate of this program Essential to the successof any curriculum foundation in the principlesof electrical power is a well-qualifiedinstructional staff.Routine distribution technologyand considerablefacility in industry. textbook instructionisentirely inadequate with the "hardware"encountered in the Instructors must bequali- in the program ofin- technology programs. To be most successful fied to relateengineering principles tothe instruction, enrollees in thecurriculum should have Entrance third of their highschool dustrial applications ofsuch principles. rated in the upper requirements are highbecause time is toolimited graduating class.In some programswhich have provide been in a 2-year post highschool program to operated for a numberof years, it has training in sciences andmathe- found that a significantnumber of enrollees all of the basic of matics which shouldbe prerequisites.Therefore, have been attracted tothe program because close work and their inability these disciplines mustbe taught in very their interest in technica specialized course work. financially, or for other reasons,to take the coordination with To do this effectivelythe instructor musthave longer, more costlycurriculums. attributes: (1) technical com- requirements shouldin- three outstanding Ideally, the entrance industrialexperience,and(3) clude a year and ahalf of high schoolalgebra, petence,(2) professionalacumen. Anabsolute minimum a year ofgeometry, a half yearof trigonometry, be and educational backgroundfor instructors should and one year eachof biology, chemistry, 1 2 ELECTRICAL TECHNOLOGY graduation froma recognized technical institute, laboratory. Whereti single individualcovers both with additional studyrequired for those whoare to teach advanced phases of the instruction,the laboratory timecan courses.Industrial experience be utilized, wherever should include at least necessary, to supplement and 2 years in the field of elec- extend theoretical trical technology,and all instructors concepts, while at thesame time should have used to animate andsubstantiate these professional training inthe philosophy oftechnical concepts. education and teaching The laboratory timeshown for certaincourses methods and procedures. of this curriculum has Graduates from this been extendedto accomplish 2-year curriculum should this purpose. The aimis not to be capable ofperforming use the laboratory some technical assign- time for lecture, butrather to provide ments in entryjobs inthe field of electrical as much power time as possible fordiscussion, both formal distribution.These graduatesshould expect to and continuetheir informal, of the actualmaterial being studied.In traininginindustry-sponsored the discussion programs as they gain experience on mathematics and sciencefound on the job. immediately followingthe curriculum Suchspecialtrainingprograms are common synopsis, throughout the industry developing mathematicsand scienceconcepts is and usually provideexcel- treated in greater detail. lent opportunitiesfor advancement. It is sufficient forthis discussion to emphasizethat the laboratory The pattern ofinstruction outlinedherein is work based upon several in the first stages ofthe programmay involve years of experience in special- application of mathematical ized trainingout of whichsome guidelines ha concepts thatare re quite new to thestudents. When thisis the situ- been formulatedto assist in curriculumplanning. ation, the laboratorymay be devoted almosten- It cannot betoo strongly emphasized,however, that adjustment tirely to mathematicsapplications built around to local physical facilities,indus- laboratory experiments. trial requirements,staff competencies, Became this approach and other may often be necessary, it is obviousthat in order variables must beconsidered carefully,and high standards maintained. to use laboratory time forgroup instruction, laboratories should includeboth demonstration Perhaps themost difficult decisionsto be made and in curriculum lectureareas.Ideally, these facilitiesshould be planningare those of placing time arranged to permit limitsupon each unit of instruction. group instruction without Time is of requiring studentsto leave their work utmost importance inany 2-year technicalpro- areas. To gram. the degree that localphysical facilities willnot lend Because of the broadrequirements of the themselves to this method occupations in the fieldof electricalpower distri- of presentation, the bution, it is difficult curriculum will haveto be adapted to fit thefacili- to select the materialto be ties that do exist, and covered and to specifythe units of laboratory another proceduredeveloped and for coordinatingconcept presentation with lecture.To persons unfamiliarwith this type of practical application inthe laboratory withoutat the instruction it oftenappears impossible tocover adequately the same time sacrificing qualityor compromising material containedin thecur- standards. riculum in thetime allotted.Careful coordination of laboratory The course outlineswhich followare short and and lecture isessential if the descriptive. instructional objectivesare to be accomplished The individual instructorwill have to prepare completecourses of study and within the time limitsindicated for eachcourse in arrange this curriculum. the curriculum materialin psychologicalorder before starting instruction. Flexibility is alsoextremely important Sample instructional in de- sheets found in theAppendix termining the relativeemphasis to be placed may be helpful to upon instructors in preparingunits of instruction. laboratory and lecturein technicalcourses.It has been found Surveys indicate thatfamiliarity with technical to be most effective inprograms of report writing and industrial long standing forboth the lecture andthe labora- relations are important in certain technicalwork. Provision is tory work ina given course to be theresponsibility made of a single individual. in this curriculumfor these subjectsthrough the Since completecoordination social studies and of lecture andlaboratory is nearly communication skillscourses. impossible A sample reportand a guide for where separateinstructorsare used for laboratory making written reports may also be foundin the Appendix. and for lecture,it is essential thatmuch of the Be- theory be taughtor at least reemphasized cause the success of any technicaltrainingprogram in the will depend in largemeasure on adequate equip- arrsoDuanow 3 ment and laboratory facilities, some suggested as outlined.It is presented to illustrate how an layouts are included in the Appendix. electrical power technology training program can In short, the material in this bulletin is kaot be organized.It provides a suggested framework offered to be applied to a given situation exactly within which such training may be developed. Teckstolog3r Cusrlauluat

First Smogs, First Your Moo Le. ER 114Technical Mathematics nisi PapP I (Algebra and Trigonontata)- -- 4 () 4 ER 115Direct Current Circuits 9 and Machines a 6 9 O 113Social Science 11 a 0 3 O 123Technical Drawing 14 1 6 7 133Communication Skills 17 3 0 3 20 MOMVINIONIIIMMIIMM Subtotal 14 12 26 Seemed Semester ER 164Technical Mathematics II (AppliedAnalytical Geometry and Calculus) 4 0 ER 185 Time Varying Circuits 4 3 6 9 ER 165Basic Electronics 3 6 9 O 111Shop Processes 1 2 3 0 161Technical Report Writing 1 0 0 162Graphic Analysis 1 1 3 4 Subtotal 13 17 30 TIMMINNUINIL SIRJIMMIL

Third Semester Scond Yar 0204Engineering Science 3 3 6 E213 41 Electrical Instruments and Measurements 2 3 E215 5 45 Alternating Current Machines 3 6 E272 9 48 Electrical Installation Planning 2 0 2 0213 52 Chemistry and Applications in Electricity 2 3 5 54 Subtotal 12 15 27 11=111111111nt =Mt. Fourth Semester =It E264Industrial Electronics 3 3 6 58 E274Electrical Control Circuits 3 3 6 60 E284Electrical Power SystemsIn-PlantDistribution (With Utility Systems Option) 3 3 6 63 E294Operating Problem Analysis 2 6 8 68

Subtotal 11 15 26 GRAND TOTAL 50 59 109 Cour.. letters: ERTechnical specialisedcourses common to Electronic and Electrical curriculums 0General and relatedcourses E-- Technical Electrical Courses 4 CUrrialillUalt Synopsis

General and Related Courses G 111Shop Processes 33 G 113Social Science 14 ER 114Technical Mathematics I (Algebra and Trigonometry) 9 CI 123Technical Drawing 17 133Communication Skills 20 G 161 Technical Report Writing 36 G 162Graphic Analysis 88 ER 164Technical Mathematics II (Applied Analytical Geometry and Calculus)._ 22 ER 165Basic Electronics 27 204Engineering Science 41 G 213Chemistry and Application in Electricity 64 Tecionical Specialized Courses ER 115Direct Current Circuits and Machines 11 E 272Electrical Installation Planning 52 ER 185Time Varying Circuits 24 E 213Electrical Instruments and Measurements 45 E 215Alternating Current Machines 48 E 264Industrial Electronics 58 E 274Electrical Control Circuits 60 E 284Electrical Power SystemsIn-Plant (With Utility Systems Option) 63 E294Operating Problem Analysis 88 5 About tit*Curriculum EXTENSIVE PLANNINGwas given to the volves the arrangement and emphasison subject matter teaching ofmathematics byapplication areas included in this intechnicalcourses concurrent curriculum. Thesuggested instruction in with formal scope and sequence ofthecourses in the curriculum mathematics classes.This is in which is outlined sharp contrastto the sequential on the precedingpage are de- course system and signed to developconcepts in has certain distinctadvantages spiral ofincreasing a 2-year over the latter in complexityor difficulty. As each program. An exampleof such new conceptor is found by correlation area of knowledge is an analysis of thefollowing formally presented,it is given In the first courses: practical applicationof increasingdepth as the semester: concept is builtupon by each succeeding ER 114Technical Mathematics course in the curriculum. technical I, concurrent In other words,subject with matter areasor conceptsare presented both ER 115 D.C. Circuits a unit basis as they on are in the traditional In the secondsemester: lum, andas part of applications curricu- in laboratory ER 164Technical Mathematics experiences andothercourses. II,concur- a concept is Once introduced rent with never dropped, but ER 185 extended and rather itis Time VaryingCircuits, and applied withincreasing complexity ER 165 by feedbackprinciples in Basic Electronics correlation witheach By devoting new concept introducedin subsequent a major part of thelaboratory time This is courses. in the circuitcourses to mathematics particularly truein theintroduction and analysis,a development of highly effectiveintegration is achieved. mathematics andscience knowl- With the edges.Mathematics and additional outsidestudy requirement scienceare an integral each class hour) (2 hours for part of each technicalcourse in the curriculum. the basicmathematics needsof the studentcan be provided without Mathematics andthe physicalsciencesare key deferring his disciplines in all introduction to thespecialized subject. technical study.The traditional result of this The net approach inproviding therequisite facility two-semester studyprogram is a these tools of with total of 23semester hours of learning isto concentratethem in study devotedto the first phasesof the training mathematics, basicelectrical physics, program.With The curriculum and circuits. this system thetechnical study is balanced by13 semesterhours must necessarily of relatedtechnical and be deferredto the latterstages of curriculum. general subjects. a 2-year post high In It should berecognized that this schoolprogram this kind of system requires arrangement is instructionalpersonnel with impractical.Deferring thetech- well-definedcompe- nical study,even for one tencies in bothtechnical principles term, imposesserious matics. and mathe- limitationson the total curriculum. Interdisciplinaryfeedback isessential The alterna- for thesuccess of the system. tive approachand theone used in this It is an established providesan integration of curriculum fact that thesystem is inherently mathematics and workable. sound and selected physicalsciences with It willattract and holdcompetent physics and basic electrical students by beingat the same time electrical circuits.This methodhas interesting the addedadvantage of and challenging.The first twosemesters of the being a greatdeal more curriculum outlined interesting tothe student"than the here will providea solid base academic sequential traditional of electricalknowledge treatment of subjectmatter on which to build the concepts. advancedcourse instruction.The subsequent In treating study can andshould be mathematics andscienceas an circuit-based ratherthan integral partof theprogram a high degree equipment-based,requiringa continuation and coordination is of ceteneion ofmathematical analysis, required.This coordinationin- includinga 6 significant amountof "handbook"design. When COtritille OUTLINE! 7 complex electrical and electronics equipmentis representativelocaladvisory committee with utilised for instruction, those special circuit appli- both labor andmanagement, other facultymem- cations that make the equipment uniquecan be bers, local supervisors andadministrators and studied separately.This then becomes the heart consultants, all of whomcan help him in develop- of the study programbroad applications ofbasic ing courses of study for thecurriculum, and in principleswelllearnedthrough mathematical determining local adaptationsto meet the needs analysis. and desires of industry. The curriculum outlined herein has had inten- Although "safety" is not designatedasspecial sive review by representatives of industry andby subject matterarea in the outline of courses, it is educators in the field.It is the product of the an indispensable part of each learning experience. pooled suggestions of a large number of people, Laboratory exercises shouldstress the accident po- and represents somewhat the middle ground ofthe tential of each application andthe preventative recommendations which have been received.It measures to be taken to protect against possible brings together the best features oftime-tested injury. Safety is actuallya "philosophy," for it is 2-year post-high schoolcurriculums, and the directly related to themanner in whichperson suggestions made by industry intoa program performs, functionsor exposes himself to possible which will serve thepurposes to be accomplished injury and the attitude he hastoward the objects by title VIII of the National DefenseEducation or materials with which he works.It is almost Act of 1958.Students who complete this basic impossible to "teach" good safety.Safety is part education and who then gain experienceand of a way of life.Proper safe practices willgrow further specific training will be equippedto give out of desirable personal values, attitudes,and the engineer or scientist the technicalassistance procedures in theuse of materials or objects. A he needs in his engineeringor scientific work, or student must be taughtto perform each function will be able to fulfill the requirements ofother of his job safely. technical occupations. Too much emphasiscannot be placed upon the This curriculum guide indicates thescope, or need for technically trained peopleto be able to breadth, of the concepts to be introduced anda communicate data and ideas clearly andeffec- suggested sequence into which theseconcepts can tively.Basic courses in communicationare in- be arranged.It contains outlines of thecourses cluded in the curriculum to give students to be presented. refresher The job of preparingcourse work as well as exercises in functionalEnglish. instructional materials, teaching guides,units of As with mathematics and scienceconcepts, there instruction, and making the curriculumfit local is practical application ofproper usage of English needs and conditions is the job of theinstructional in all courses.All laboratory reports and written staff of the school which will utilize thecurriculum. assignments should be corrected forgrammar and In short, the individual laboratoryor classroom for proper writing and reporting procedures. teacher with competent andexpert advice, will The list of suggestedtexts and references in- make the final determination of the actualunits cludes only those booksor reference materials of instruction, the time to bespent on each topic, known to be utilized inone or more successful which textbooks and referencesto use, and what training programs.In all probability thereare supplementary materials will benecessary to many other very fine texts or references in each of develop the best learning situation fora given course. the subject matter fields being used bytraining programs but not known to the persons who The curriculumcan only suggest those areas of re- information which should be coveredto give viewed these curriculums and prepared thecourse students a fund of scientific knowledgeswhich outlines. The lists for eachcourse do not attempt will enable them to performat a level of com- to cover the field and are byno means complete. petency in entry positions in industry whichwill In summary, this curriculum is the productof be expected of themupon completion of the the efforts of a large number of peopleeducators, program of studies.The instructor must deter- engineers, university and institute directors, and mine the learning situations whichwill give Office of Education staff.It is a suggested outline proper application to the concepts outlined in this of learning experiences considereda necessary part curriculumHe should seek the assistanceof a of the training of electrical techniciansto support 8 ELECTRICAL TECHNOLOGY engineers and scientists.It should not be taken best suited for a given situation, and one which literally and imposed upon a community but rather will meet the national defense needs for ()coup*. used as a guide in developing a curriculum which is dons in this field of work. emus otrrusui ranTZAR, TM? unarm Z1 114, Technical Ilistkomodos I(Algebra and Trigonometry)

Hours Required DIVISION II. Polynomials-8 hours 1. Two unknowns Class, 4; Laboratory, 0 2. More than two unknowns 3. Graphical solutions Desadpfion 4. Determinants DIVISION III. Algebraic Exponents-8 hours Review of algebra, geometry, and the funda- 1. Laws of exponents mental concepts of trigonometry; use of 2. Fractional exponents tables; solution of right triangles; law of sines 3. Reduction of exponents and law of cosines; special products and fac- 4. Multiplication and division of exponents toring; simultaneous equations; exponents and radicals; quadratic equations; logarithms; DIVISION IV. Quadratic Equations-12 hours vector algebra including complex quantities 1. True equations and "j" operator. Emphasis on the applica- 2. Incomplete equations tion of mathematics to problems in electricity 3. Formula solution and electronics. 4. Extraneous roots Note: In order to cover adequately the mate- 5. Vanishing roots rial outlined in this course it is necessary to 6. Equations with radicals coordinate the instruction with the course and 7. Simultaneous solution laboratory work in ER 115, Direct Current 8. Solution by determinants Circuits and Machinea.Laboratory time in 9. Graphical solution that course includes extensive mathematical 10. Reduction of forms computation. DIVISION V. Miscellaneous Mathematics3 hours 1. Ratio Major Divisions 2. Proportion Class hours 3. Variations of equations I. Basic Algebra 8 DIVISION VI. Logarithms-8 hours H. Polynomials 8 1. Nature of logarithms HI. Algebraic Exponents 8 2. Application of logarithms IV. Quadratic Equations 12 3. Different bases of logarithms V. Miscellaneous Mathematics 3 4. Application and use of logarithms VI. Logarithms 8 VII. Trigonometry of Right Triangles__ _ 8 DIVISION VII. Trigonometry of Right Triangles- VIII. Vectors 10 8 hours IX. Vector Algebra 10 1. Basic trigonometric functions 2. Functions of angles in all quadrants DIVISION I. Basic Algebra-8 hours 3. Special angles-0°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 1. Literal and explicit numbers 90°, 360° 2. Algebraic expressions 4. Some identities 3. Algebraic fractions 5. Right triangle laws 4. Equation with one unknown 6. Laws of sine and cosine 551292 0-60-2 9

..44111411111111.11NOW...... 10 BLIBCTIVICALTICCHNOLOGT 7. The inverse functions Texts and References 8. Use of trigonometric tables 9. Applications of trigonometric functions Select one or more books from the following list for texts.Others may be usedas reference books. DIVISION VIII. Vectors-10 hours Comm, Ni Loom M., Mathematic. for Electricians and 1. Vector representation of quantities Radiomen. New York; McGraw-Hill Book Co. 2. Positive and negative quantities MUSHY, MILLS A., Klaus, Gro los A. and Mchavrrate, 3. Angular motion and the four quadrants DAVID A., Engineering Mathematics, New York; The Blakiston Co. Divisiox IX. Vector Algebra-10 hours Rims, HAROLD B. and KNIGHT, R. M., Technical Mathe- 1. Graphic trigonometric functions matic* with Calculus.New York; McGraw-Hill Book 2. Averages of sine and sine' waves Co. 3. Phase relationships RICHARDSON, M., Fundamentals of Mathematics, New 4. Complex notation, vector addition and York; The Macmillan Co. RICHMOND, 0. E., Calculus for Electronics.New York; subtraction McGraw-Hill Book Co. 5. Multiplication and division of vectors &NOIR, BIRTRAND B., Basic Mathematics for Electricity O. Conversion of complex to polar forms Radio and TV. New York; McGraw -Hill Book Co. ER ill, MootCurrent Circuits andPlachines

Hours Required. 2. Electrical units a. Electrontheoryunderstanding of di- Class, 3; Laboratory, 6 rection of current flow b. Volts c. Amperes Description d. Ohms electron, electric units, e. Watts Basic physics of the f.Prefixes to units (milli-mega,absolute and Ohm's law.Resistance combinations. Magnetism and mag- values) Meter connections. g. Use ofvoltmeters, ammeter, andOhm Electric power.Character- netic circuits. meter istics of electric conductors.Inductance and hours Direct current generators, mo- B. Laboratory projects-12 capacitance. 1. Safety andartificial respiration Use of common measuring tors and controls. 2. Slide rule (C &D & CI scales) and metering equipment. DIVISION II. Series Circuits Note.Much of the laboratory timein this A. Units of instruction-6hours course isdevoted to mathematical computa- 1. Ohm's law tion, including the useof the slide rule. 2. The series circuit Mathematical usage should parallel asclosely 3. Conductance ofseries circuit as possiblethe material covered in ER114, 4. Voltage drops oflines Technical Mathematics I. 5. Voltage byproportion B. Laboratory projects-12hours Major Divisions 1. Ohm's law Labora- 2. Series circuit Class tory hours hours 3. Voltage byproportion 4. Problems onOhm's law I. Units 6 12 12 5. Slide rule II. Series Circuits 6 CF-& DF 3 6 a. Scales DI. Parallel Circuits. b. Scales AB-K IV. Combination Circuits_ _ 3 6 Circuits V. Circuit Laws 3 6 DIVISION III. Parallel VI. Electra-Chemical 3 6 A. Units of instruction-3hours 1. Equivalentresistances VII. Conductors and Insula- parallel tors 3 6 2. Law of divisionof current in VIII. Magnetism 7 15 circuit IX. Electro-Capacitance_ _ 7 15 B. Laboratory projects-6hours X. Electrical Machines _ _ 6 6 1. Parallel circuit XI. Generator and Motor 2. Selected problems Testing 4 12 DrvistoN IV. CombinationCircuits A. Units of instruction-3hours DIVISION I. Units 1. Reduction ofcombination circuits hours 2. Solution ofcombination circuits A. Units of instruction-6 hours 1. Introduction oflaboratory rules, grading, B. Laboratory projects-6 etc. Combination circuits 11 12 ELECTRICAL TECHNOLOGY DIVISION V. Circuit Laws B. Laboratory projects-15hours A. Units of instruction-3hours 1. Permanent magnets 1. Superposition law 2. Electro-magnets 2. Kirchhoff's law 3. Magnetic coupling a. Mesh current method 4. LR time constants b. Nodal current method DIVISION IX.Electro-Capacitance B. Laboratory projects-6 hours A. Units of instruction-7hours 1. Kirchhoff's law 1. Electro-statics 2. Superposition law 2. Capacitance laws and units DIVISION VI. Electro-Chemical 3. Types of capacitors A. Units of instruction-3 hours 4. Measurement of capacitance 1. Batteries-types 5. RC time constants a. Primary 6. Series-parallel capacitors b. Secondary 7. Voltage rating of capacitors c. Capacity B. Laboratory projects-15hours d. Charging 1. Capacitor types 2. Electroplating 2. Series and parallel capacitors 3. Fuel cells 3. RC time constants B. Laboratory projects-6hours DIVISION X.Electrical Machines 1. Battery construction A. Units of instruction-6hours 2. Battery charging 1. Generators DIVISION VII. Conductors and Insulators a. Generation of E.M.F. A. Units of instruction-3hours b. Type windings ofa generator 1. Conductors and insulators (1) Ring a. Materials (2) Drum b. Conductivity (3) Lap c. Sizes c. Types of generators d. Methods of construction (1) Series e. Resistance (2) Shunt (3) Compound f.Current carrying capacity andinsula- tion (electrical and thermal) 2. Motors B. Laboratory projects-6hours a. Motor action Identification, size and measurement, b. Generator counter E.M.F. circular-mil resistance c. Types of motors (1) Series DIVISION VIII. Magnetism (2) Shunt A. Units of instruction-7 hours (3) Compound 1. Permanent magnets B. Laboratory projects-6 hours 2. Magnetic units 1. Generation a. Forces between current-carryingcon- 2. Voltage regulation efficiency ductors and between such conductors DIVISIoN XI.Generator and Motor Testing and magnetic fields A. Units of instruction--4 hours b. Eddy currents 1. Voltage regulation ofgenerator c. Magnetic damping 2. Efficiency of generator 3. Electro-magnet constructionand use 3. Heat of a generator 4. Magnetic law (comparableto Ohm's law 4. Motor performance for circuits) 5. Speed regulation ofmotor 5. Electro-inductors 6. Efficiency of motors 6. Magnetic coupling 7. Heat of motor 7. Types of inductances a. Commutation 8. LR time constants b. Air gap COURSE OUTLINES 13 B. Laboratory projects-12 hours DAwEs, CHESTER L., A Course in Electrical Engineering 1. Motor loadtest on dynamometer Vol. I.New York: McGraw-Hill Book CO. 2. Motor load teston prony brake GRAHAM, KENNARD C., MCDOUGAL, W. L., RANSON, R. R., and DUNLAP, C. H., Fundamentals of Electric- 3. Motor temperature rise experiment ity.Chicago: American Technical Society. JACKSON, HERBERT M., Introduction to Electric Circuits. Texts and References Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall. VAN VALKENB URGH, N000ER and NEVILLE, INC., Basic Electricity, Vol. 2, Direct Current Circuits, Ohm's and Select one of the following as a text.Others Kirchhoff's Laws, Electric Power. New York: John are to be considered as possible reference books. F. Rider, Publisher, Inc. 0 113, Social Science

Hours Required DIVISION II. Sociology A. Our culture, its improvement andperpetua- Class, 3; Laboratory, 0 tion B. Relationship of individuals to social institutions Description 1. Home 2. Public and private educational institu- The course is oriented to the proposition that tions each technician in a democracy hasa re- 3. The community sponsibility to make a productive contribu- 4. Church tion toward the perfection and perpetuation 5. Organized social groupsfraternal, labor, of the American way of life; and, that to do business, and professional so, he must know and understand his re- 6. Government sponsibilities and obligations to himself, his 7. Other family, his community, his State and Nation, and the world.The salient elements of the C. Forces of social disorganization, suchas mi- four basic social sciences (psychology, soci- gration, crime, mobility, subversivegroups, ology, economics, and government)are re- etc. viewed to help the student achievea good DIVISION III. Economics working understanding of his total environ- A. Social, ment and the forces which interact to form political and economic forcesre- sponsible for the growth and development the social setting in which he works and lives. of industry and technology Time allotments to the various elements 1. Pastoral stage within major divisions will dependupon the background of the class. 2. Handicraft stage 3. Machine stage 4. Atomic stage Major Divisions 5. Planned economy or laissez faire B. Economic expressions Class hours I. General Psychology 1. Land, resources (human and natural) 8 capital, management, and labor II. Sociology 8 III. Economics 2. Economic goods 24 3. Economic wealth IV. American Government 8 4. Utility DIVISION I. General Psychology 5. Other A. Basic human drives and motives C. Comparative economic systems B. Heredity and environment 1. Capitalismfree enterprise 2. Socialism C. Psychology of decision making D. Group dynamics 3. Communism 4. Other 1. Conditions affectinggroup morale 2. Forming opinions D. Labor problems and legislation 1. Union policies and practices E. Human relations a. Wages, hours F. Principles of learning b. Closed shop 14 00137.1111 OUTLINIS 15

c. Union shop e. Taxation d. Seniority (1) Income taxes e. Worker relationships (2) Personal and real property taxes f. Worker benefitssickness, accident, assessment, evaluation, equaliza- other tion, etc. 2. Industrial strife (3) Corporation taxes a. Strikes (4) Capitation taxes b. Boycott, lockout, slow down, sabotage. (5) Inheritance taxes picketing (6) Theories of shifting and incidence c. Mediation in taxation (7) Sales tax 3. Labor legislation (8) Other a. Taft-Hartley law b. Labor-Management Reporting and f. Insurance Disclosure Act of 1959 D/VIBION IV. American Government c. NLRB A. Constitutional bases for Federal, State, and d. Wage-hour board local governmental relationships e. Safety legislation 1. Federationconfederation f. Minimum-wage law 2. Compact of States theory g. Fair EmploymentPractices Acts B. Political parties and pressure groups E. Business law and management 1. Nominating conventions andelection 1. Types of organizations and legal aspects campaigns a. Single ownership 2. Party discipline b. Partnership 3. Lobbies and vested interest groups c. Corporation 4. Other d. Trusts and holding companies C. Organization and function of legislative e. Security and commodityexchanges branch f. Public utilities 1. Minority and majority floor leaders g. Marketing co-ops 2. Whip h. Chattels and real estate 3. Committee organizations i.Savings and loan associations 4. Other 2. Our capitalistic systemprivate enter- D. The organization and function of executive branch prisee a. Trust laws 1. Cabinet b. Monopolies, franchises, fair trade 2. Executive staff and assistants c. Banks and banking E. The court system (1) Bank insurance 1. Federal courts (2) Discounting and loans a. District d. National incomesources b. Appellate e. Gross national product c. Supreme f. Personal income d. Special g. Public debtlimits 2. State courts h. Private debtlimits 3. Civil suits or actions i.Government grading and quality con- 4. Criminal actions trols F. Responsibilities of citizens in a democracy 3. Finance, investment and taxation 1. Understanding propaganda a. Investments and securities 2. Becoming informed on public affairs b. Stocks and bonds 3. Voting c. Monetary system 4. Running for office, etc. Coins, currency, legal tender, Federal 5. Public welfare Reserve System, fiat money, etc. G. International relations and world problems d. Credit buyingeffects of interest rate 1. United Nations 16 ILSOTRICALTICIDTOLOOT 2. Treaties Doer, JAMES H., AppliedEconomics; BlessessiaryPrin- 8. Mutual securitypacts or agreementa ciples of Bcomonice Appliedto litoryday Protases'. 4. Alliances Cincinnati, Ohio: South-WesternPublishing Co. 5. Current events Form, QUALMS R.,Percholoyy forLife Adjustment. 6. Technical assistance, suchas mutual aids Chicago: American TechnicalSociety. in economics, agriculture,education, etc. GAVIN, Ruts W., GRAYA. A., and Gums,ERNZST, Our Chasspisg Social Order.Boston: D. C. HeathPub- lishing Co. Texts and Referfpnces HAAS, EZNIST B. andMUTING, ALLIN S.,Dynamics of internationalrelations. New York:McGraw-Hill Select one of the followingas a text for appro- Book Co. priate social sciencearea being studied. Jozxsox, DONALD M.,Basestiale of Pllyelielff.New Others York: McGraw-Hill Book may be considered as possible referencebooks. CO. MAGRUDID, FRANZ A.,Andlrialle Govornment. NewYork: ALILUNAS, Lao J.,Youth Faces AmericanCitizenship. Allyn A Bacon Publishing Chicago: Lippincott. Co. MOZOAN, Currozn T.,introduction to Psychology.New Anus, Josh, Chicago: American Technical York: McGraw-Hill Book Society. Co. Munuan, 0. F. W., Jr., Mousyand Basking. New York: BIZNZAZDT, KARL B., PPOdialiPS$140kIfy. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co. McGraw-Hill Book Co. Musextva, liscumin A., Brinsersurr, R., The Social Order. The Theory of PublicFinance. New York: McGraw- Johns Hopkins University.New York: McGraw- Hill Book Co. Hill Book Co. BLonnerr, RALF' H. and KIIMAINZZZ, DONALD L., Cm- McCurnrr, Joan A., Riyhtsof the American Worker. paretive Economic Deeetopment.New York: McGraw- Chicago: American Technical /MI Book Co. Society. SCZNEDZI, &WINN V., industrialSociology.New York: Bonn, Hoax A., American Politiesand tin Party Sysiesss. McGraw-Hill Book Co. New York: Me Graw-HillBook Co. BZNJAMIN M., Labor Relationsand Human BOZGAZDUS, &IOW S. and Lawn,Rosser H., Social Life Relations.New York: McGraw -Hill and Pnvonolity. NewYork: Silver Burdett Pub- Book Co. lishing Ca STRUM; Osamu A., Goveransent'sRole in Bconoluic Life. New York: McGraw-HillBook Co. Bituan, 3. M., All About Me.Chicago: American Teeth- nisei Society. YOUNG, DALLAS M., UnderstandingYour Labor Problem. New York: McGraw -HillBook Co. 8 113, Technical Drawing

Hours Required 3. Lettering a. Types of alphabets Class, 1; Laboratory, 6 b. Freehand techniques c. Use of lettering templates iption 4. Elementary geometrical constructions B. Laboratory projects-12 hours An elementary course designed for students 1. Construction of geometrical designs using having limited drawing experience.Use of instruments.Emphasis on neatness and templates, including lettering templates; fun- line technique damentals of drawing and draftingroom 2. Freehandletteringexercisesstressing practices; electrical circuit drawing, terms, simplicity of style and ease of reading symbols and standards.All symbols used 3. Lettering exercises providing practice in are those established by the U.S. Bureau the use of lettering instruments of Standards.Students are cautioned that DIVISION II.Technical Sketching and Shape adaptation of standard symbols to special symbols used by future employersmay be Description necessary.Emphasis is placed on construc- A. Units of instruction-3 hours tion and interpretation of typical industrial 1. Techniques of freehand sketching drawings. a. Measuring subject b. Blocking drawing, and proportions Major Divisions Labora- c. Detailing Claes tory 2. Theory of projection hours hours I. Fundamentals a. Isometric 2 12 b. Oblique II. Shape Description 3 18 Dimensioning Draw- c. Sketching ings 2 12 3. Multiview drawing IV. Pictorial Drawings 2 12 a. Principles of multiview drawing b. Relationship of views V. Threads and Fasteners.. 1 6 VI. Working Drawings 2 12 c. Selection of views VII. Electrical Circuits 3 18 d. Treatment of invisible surfaces and VIII. Electrical Layouts and center lines Equipment 2 12 e. Auxiliary views 4. Sectional views DIVISION I. Fundamentals a. Types and purposes A. Units of instruction-2 hours b. Symbolic lines 1. Mechanical drawing equipment c. Half sections and broken sections a. Use and care d. Full sections b. Special electrical symbol templates B. Laboratory projects-18 hours c. Alphabet of lines 1. Freehand sketches of simple machine 2. Sheet layouts parts.Designed to develop skill in esti- a. Papers, sizes, and border lines mating distances, controlling proportions, b. Nameplate, blocks, and scales and in the use of freehand techniques for c. Centering and procedure constructing geometrical figures. 17 18 ILICTS/CALTSCHNOLOGY 2. Missing-line and missing-view exercises d. Stippling to provide practice in multiview pro- B. Laboratory projects-12 hours jection. 1. Isometric drawings of a transformeror 3. Scale drawings of machine parts including other electrical equipment stressingcor- a requirement for sectional views. rect projection and position ofaxes. DIVISION III.Dimensioning Drawings Require suitable shading. A. Units of instruction-2 hours 2. Oblique drawing ofsimilarmaterial. 1. General dimensioning Requires suitable shading. a. Size and location dimensions 3. Perspective drawing of a small building. b. Fractional and decimal dimensioning Use either one- or two-point perspective. c. Do's and don'ts of dimensioning DIVISION V. Threads and Fasteners d. Procedure in dimensioning A. Units of instruction-1 hour 2. Formulation and placement of shop notes a. Purpose of notes 1. Screw thread types and nomenclature a. Nomenclature of threads b. Shop terms of processor b. Types of threads c. How to make measurements of shop c. Drawing and specifying threads operations 3. Tolerancing 2. Representation of threads a. Purpose a. Detailed b. Terminology b. Schematic c. Simplified c. Classes of fits B. Laboratory projects-12 hours 3. Fastener representations a. Bolts and nuts 1. Construction of multiview drawings of b. Screws machine parts requiring simple dimensions and shop notes c. Springs d. Rivets 2. Construction of multiview drawings of e. Keys more complex machine parts requiring 4. Identification symbols for specifications decimal dimensioning and determining a. Use of simplified drawings and indicating tolerances. b. Specifications and loads of fasteners DIVISION IV.Pictorial Drawing B. Laboratory projects-6 hours A. Unite of Instruction--2 hours Drawingsrequiringrepresentationsof 1. Isometric drawing threads inthe schematic and simplified a. Position of axes forms andincludingthenecessarydi- b. Non-isometric lines mensioning. c. Steps in construction DIVISION VI. Working Drawings d. 4-center method of constructing ellipses e. Advantages and disadvantages A. Units of instruction-2 hours 2. Oblique drawing 1. Detail drawings a. Choice of positions of axes a. Construction and purpose b. Steps in construction b. Title and record strips c. Methods of reducing distortion 2. Assembly drawings d. Advantages and disadvantages a. Types and uses 3. Perspective b. Parts lists a. General principles c. Sectioning practices b. One-point B. Laboratory projects-12 hours c. Two-point 1. An assembly drawing of a simple machine. d. Advantages and disadvantages Providespracticeinthe drawing of 4. Shading assemblies and sectioning procedures. a. Shade lines 2. A pictorial assembly drawing providing b. Surface shading with lines practice in pictorial construction and c. Smudge shading shading. OtiTLINNS 19 DrnsroN VII. Electrical Circuits B. Laboratory projects-12 hours A. Units of instruction-3 hours 1. Make a layout for an electronics chassis 1. Electrical symbols and panel a. Electronic symbols 2. Make a multiview and pictorial view of b. Power symbols one of the following: c. Architectural symbols a. Transmitter in rack d. Symbol guides h. Metalciad switchboard e. Relay nomenclature c. Motor-generator set 2. Schematic diagrams d. Amplidyne generator a. Schematic layouts b. One-line diagrams Texts and References 3. Wiring diagrams a. Industrial buildings Select one of the followingas a text.Others b. Power plants may be considered as possible reference books. c. Industrial controls BASS, CIARLZC J.,Electrical and Electronic Drawing. d. Communication circuits New York. McGraw-Hill Book Co. B. Laboratory projects-18 hours 81$11010, COLVIN E., Electric Drafting and Design.New 1. Symbols York. McGraw-Hill Book Co. 2. Schematic diagram of radio receiver FLAINCN, T. E., and Vizscs, C. J., Graphic Science. New 3. Electronic industrial control York.McGraw-Hill Book Co. Divisrox VIII. Electrical Layouts and Equipment FIRIDZILICK E., MITCEILL, ALVA, and 81INCLIR, HIINRY C.,Technical Drawing.New York.The A. Units of instruction-2 hours Macmillan Co. 1. Layouts Hiiwz, GiLszirr M., and others, How To Read Electrical a. Chassis layouts Blueprints.Chicago. American Technical Society. b. Panel layouts KOCIZZ, BTANLIY E., Electrical Drafting.Scranton, Pa. c. Switchboard layouts International Textbook Co. d. Laboratory layout LUZADDICIL, WA IN J., Graphics for Engineers.Engle- 2. Electric equipment wood Cliffs, N.J.Prentice-Hall Book Co. a. Multiview drawings LUSADDZIL, WANANN J.,Funckonentale of Engineering Drawing. EnglewoodCliffs,N.J. Prentice -Hall b. Pictorial drawings Book Co. c. Sections SPIINCNR, H. C., Basic Technical Drawing. New York. d. Details The Macmillan Co. 133, Conunsudeation IBMs

Hours Required C. Other referencesources 1. Technical manuals and pamphlets Class, 3; Laboratory, 0 2. Bibliographies 3. Periodicals Description 4. Industrial Arta Index D. Exercises inuse of resource materials Course is prerequisite to TechnicalReport 1. Readers Guide Writing, Q 161, and places emphasisthrough- 2. Atlases out on exercises in writing, speaking, and 3. Encyclopedias listening.Analysis is made of each student's 4. Other strengths and weaknesses. Thepattern of instruction is geared principally DIVISION III: Written Expression(emphasis on to helping student exercises) students improve skills inareas where common weaknesses are found.The time allot- A. Diagnostic test ments for the various elements within major B. Paragraphs divisions will dependupon the background 1. Development of the class. 2. Topic sentence 3. Unity and coherence Major Divisions C. Types of expression 1. Inductive and deductive reasoning Class hours 2. Figures of speech I. Sentence Structure 6 II. Using Resource Materials 3. Analogies 4 4. Syllogisms III. Written Expression 20 IV. Talking and Listening 5. Cause and effect 12 6. Other V. Improving Reading Efficiency 6 D. Written exercises in paragraphs DIVISION I. Sentence Structure E. Descriptive reporting 1. Organization and planning A. Diagnostic test 2. Emphasis on sequence, continuity, and B. Review of basic parts of speech delimitation to pertinent dataor infor- C. What makes completesentences mation D. Use and placement of modifiers,phrases, and clauses F. Letter writing E. Sentence conciseness 1. Business letters F. Exercises in sentence structure 2. Personal letters G. Mechanics DIVISION II. Using Resource Materials 1. Capitalization A. Orientation inuse of school library 2. Punctuationwhen touse: 1. Location of reference materials,Readers a. Period, question mark, and exclama- Guide, etc. tion point 2. Mechanics for effectiveuse b. Comma 3. Dewey Decimal System c. Semicolon B. Dictionaries d. Colon 1. Types of dictionaries e. Dash 2. How to use dictionaries f.Parentheses 3. Diacritical markings andaccent marks g. Apostrophe 20 10411111110.1.00.51...5515.0.55.5.... '' 5 5.5`.5 5*5110.1.41, 05,051054., n55.155e 5555

COTIRSIOUTLINZEI 21

3. Spelling 2. Digest or brief a. Worddivision--syllabication 3. Critique b. Prefixes and suffixes E. Exercise in reading improvement c. Word analysisand meaningcontext 1. Reading for speed clues, phonetics, etc. 2. Reading for comprehension H. Exercises in mechanics of writtenexpression DIVISION IV. Talking and Listening(emphasis Texts and References on studentexercises) Select one of the following as a text.Others A. Diagnostic testing may be considered aspossible reference books. B. Organization of topics orsubject BAIRD, A. CRAIG and KNOWER, FRANKLIN H., Bes4mtials C. Directness in speaking of General Speech.New York: McGraw-Hill Book D. Gesticulation and use ofobjects to illustrate CO. E. Conversation courtesies BAIRD, A. CRAIG and KNOWER, FRANKLIN H.,General F. Listening faults Speech; An Introduction.New York: McGraw-Hill G. Taking notes Book CO. H. Understanding words through contextclues BORDEAUX, JEAN, How To Talk More Effectively.Chicago: I. Exercises in talking andlistening American Technical Society. CROUCH, WILLIAM G., and &MKS, ROBERT L.,Guide to DIVISION V. Improving ReadingEfficiency Technical Writing.New York: Ronald Press. A. Diagnostic test GAUM, CARL G., GRAVES and HOFFMAN, Report Writing. B. Reading habits Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall. 1. Correct reading posture THOMIPSON, WAYNE N., Fundamentals ofCommunication. 2. Light sources andintensity New York: McGraw-Hill Book CO. 3. Developing proper eye spanand move- WARRINGER, JOHN E. and GRIFFITH,FRANCIS, English ment Grammar and Composition; A Complete Handbook. 4. Scanning New York: Harcourt, Brace & CO. 5. Topic sentence reading WITTY, PAUL, HOW to Improve Your Reading.Chicago: C. Footnotes, index,bibliography, cross refer- Science Research Associates. ences, etc. YOUNG, CHARLES E., and SYMONIK,EMIL F., Practical D. Techniques of summary English, Introduction toComposition.New York; 1. Outline McGraw-Hill Book Co. COURSE OUTLINESI FIRST YEAR, SECOND UMW= ER 164, Technical Mathematics II (Applied Analytical Geometryand Calculus)

Hours Required DIVISION I. Trigonometry-8 hours A. Identities Class, 4; Laboratory, 0 B. Trigonometric equations Description C. Addition of sine waves (mathematical) D. Amplitude and phase relationships Mathematics used in solving problems involv- E. Harmonically related sine waves ing vector and harmonic motion; complex F. Analysis of nonsine waves rotation and vector algebra; functions and G. Lissajous figures graphs; graphic methods used in solving problems relating to slope and rate of slope change; DIVISION II. Vector Algebra-11 hours basic calculus, including limits, derivations, A. Complex notation and integrations; mechanics of La Place oper- 1. Addition ational calculus as related to the study of 2. Subtraction control circuits; problem assignments illus- 3. Multiplication trating applications; oscilloscope demonstra- 4. Division tions showing mathematical interpretations of B. Polar notations electric waveforms; differentiation and inte- 1. Addition gration to provide an understanding ofex- 2. Subtraction pressions frequently encountered in technical 3. Multiplication literature.Prerequisite: ER 114 and ER 115. 4. Division Nov The correlation of mathematics instruction with technical usages C. Changing vector notations found in the first term is continued here with perhaps even greater effective- ness. ER 188, "Time Varying Circuits," is almost completely mathematical D. Rotation of vectors in nature and is arranged to parallel closely the introduction of advanced mathematical concepts in this course. E. Eiler's equation F. Demoinre's theorem Major Divisions Class hours DIVISION III. MiscellaneousMathematics-4 hours I. Trigonometry 8 II. Vector Algebra 11 A. Addition and subtraction tricks III. Miscellaneous Mathematics 4 B. Short cuts in multiplication IV. Graphical Methods of Calculus 4 C. Short cuts in finding square roots V. The Functions 2 D. Partial fractions VI. Differentiation 10 E. Relative errors VII. Differentiation of Higher Order.._ _ _ 2 VIII. Integration 10 F. The graph paper as a calculator IX. Additional Trigonometric Functions DIVISION IV. Graphical Methods of Calculus-4 in Calculus 3 hours X. Logarithmic and Exponential Func- tions 4 A. Slopes and rate of change XI. Hyperbolic Functions 4 B. Incrementswork force diagrams XII. Mathematical Series 3 C. Nonlinear equationsslopes XIII. La Place Transforms 3 D. The derivative graphically 22 COURSEOUTLINES 28 E. Maxima and minima B. Exponential functions in calculus F. Inflection points C. Natural logarithms G. Areas graphically D. Electrical transients DIVISION V. The Functions2 hours DrvisioN XI. Hyperbolic Functions-4 hours A. Variables and constants A. The hyperbolic functions B. Dependent and independentvariables B. Integration and differentiation C. Continuous functions C. The hyperbolic function in electrical appli- D. Single value cations E. Explicit and implicit DIVISION XII. Mathematical Series-3 hours DIVISION VI. Differentiation-10 hours A. MacLaurin A. Algebraic methods B. Taylor B Limits C. Fourier C. General rules D. Wave analysis by tables and graphs D. Where X=f(y) DIVISION XIII. La Place Transforms-3 hours E. Where X=f(y)n A. The mechanics of the La Place tables F. Sum or difference B. Electrical application of the La Place G. Maximum and minimum values H. Basic trigonometric functions Texts and References I.Y=e* where u=f(x) J.Repeated differentiation Select one of the followingas a text.Others DIVISION VII. Differentiation of Higher Order-2 may be considered as possible reference books. hours COOKE, NELSON M., Mathematics for Electricians and A. Second derivative Radiomen.New York: McGraw-Hill Book CO. B. Application to falling bodies FISCHER, BERNHARD and JACOBS, HERBERT V. Elements of Mathematics for Radio, TV, and Electronics.New DivisioN VIII. Integration-10 hours York: The Macmillan CO. A. Introduction of integration FREILICX, J. S. and others, Algebra for Problem Solving, B. The integration constant Book I and II.New York: Houghton Mifflin Book Co. C. The mechanics of indefinite integral HARRIS, CHARLES 0., Slide Rule Simplified.Chicago: D. Evaluation of the constant of integration American Technical Society. E. Integrals KEASEY, MILES A.; KLINE, GEORGE A. and MCILHATTEN, F. The integral applied to acceleration DAVID A.,Engineering Mathematics.New York: G. Area determination with integrations The Blakiston CO. NODELMAN, H. M. and SMITH, F., Mathematics for Elec- H. Average values by integration ironies with Applications.New York: McGraw-Hill I.Integration of basic trigonometric functions Book CO. J. Volumes by integration RICE, HAROLD S. and MCKNIGHT, RAYMOND M., Technical Mathematics with Calculus.New York: McGraw- DIVISION IX. Additional Trigonometric Functions Hill Book Co. in Calculus-3 hours RICHARDSON, M., Fundamentals of Mathematics.New A. Inverse functions York: The Macmillan Co. B. Electrical application ofwaves to differenti- RICHMOND, A. E., Calculus for Electronics.New York: ation and integration circuits The Macmillan Co. SINGER, BERTRAND B., Basic Mathematics.New York: DIVISION X. Logarithmic and Exponential Func- McGraw-Hill Book Co. tions-4 hours MITES, C. E., Basic Mathematics for Technical Courses. A. Exponential function Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall Book Co ER 185, Time VaryingCircuits

Hours Required b. Graphical plots c.Equation of sine waves Class, 3; Laboratory, 6 2. Space, electricaldegrees, poles, and RPM a.Relationship space electricaldegrees and RPM Description b. Relationship poles 3. Radians, averageand maximum values Characteristics of alternating current waves a.Radians and speed and time varying circuits;analyzing the be- b. Average andmaximum sine waves havior of alternating currentcomponents; values phase and power factor; powermeasurement 4. Effective valuesand effective resistance under balanced andunbalanced conditions in a.Meaning of effective values delta and wye connected systems;two-phase b. Finding RMSvalues and three-phase systems;application of vector c. ACand DC resistances algebra in the analysis of seriesand parallel B. Laboratory projects-9hours combinations of impedance.Prerequisites: 1. Wave plottingand graphical addition of ER 114 and ER 115. waves Note: The material in this coursemust be 2. Calculationsof average, effectivevalues treated as a mathematics-basedscience. The of sine waves mathematical principles requiredforthe Fundamentals of these circuits DIVISION II. Circuit analysis and understanding A. Units of instruction-9hours is introduced in the concurrent course,ER 164 reactance, and phase Technical Mathematics. It willbe necessary, 1. Inductors, inductive however, to assign laboratorytime for addi- angles a. Inductoreffect tionalapplied mathematics instructionin order to provide the depthof understanding b. Mathematics that is required in this course. c. Timeangles 2. Capacitors,capacitive reactance, phase Labora- Class tory angles, and charging current Major Divisions hours hours a. Capacitoreffect on AC circuits I. Sine Waves 8 9 b. Mathematics II. Circuit Fundamentals 9 21 c. Timeangles sine III. Alternating Current 3. Addition,subtraction, product of Phasors (Vectors)_ _ 6 9 waves; review IV. Series and Parallel AC 4. Volt amperes, powerfactor,reactive Circuits 9 21 power, power,and their importance V. Polyphase Systems_ _ _ _ 9 21 a. Ohm'slaw for AC circuit VI. Two-phase Systems_ _ _ _ 9 21 b. Component resolutionof volt amperes VII. Integrating Circuits_ ._ _ 1 3 c. Powerfactor improvement VIII. Differentiating Circuits_ 3 6 d. Loading of circuits IX. Miscellaneous Alternat- B. Laboratory projects-21hours ing Circuits 3 6 1. Effective resistanceand DC resistance 2. Inductances,inductive reactance, and DIVISION I. Sine Waves current throughinductors reactance,and A. Units of instruction-8hours 3. Capacitors,capacitive 1. Generation andequations current through capacitors a. Waveshapes 4. Selected problems 24 COURSEOUTLINE B 25

DivisioN III. AlternatingCurrent Phasors (Vec- DIVISION V. Polyphase Systems tors) A. Units of instruction-9 hours advantages A. Units of instruction-6hours 1. Polyphase generation and 1. Vectorrepresentation. AC quantities a. History and applications ofmathematics b. Contrast 1 phase, 2 phase, and 3 2. Polarandrectangularco-ordinates. phase generators application of mathe- c. Distributionof various phases AC quantities and three-phase circuits matics 2. Power measurement in 3. Addition and subtractionof vectors. AC a. Blondel'stheorem quantities and applications ofmathe- b. Two- or three-wattmeter methods measurement matics c. Power factor and 4. Multiplication, division,and roots of AC 3. Double subscript notation vector repre- vector quantities sentation and phase rotation a. Manipulations B. Laboratory projects-9hours factor, reactive power b. Reversing vectors 1. Voltamperes, power c. Phase rotationand P.R. meters measurements 4. Balanced wye systems (3-wireand 4-wire) 2. Selected problem a. Phase angles DIVISION IV. Series and ParallelAC Circuits b. Three-phase power, law, andphase A. Units of instruction-9 hours shifts 1. Single-phase systems c. Uses a. Generatorsworking into loads d. Grounds b. Effect on KW and KVA of generators e. Harmonics c. Voltagedrop 5. Unbalanced wye systems(3-wire and 2. Series circuits (2element) 4-wire)-harmonics a. RR circuits 6. Balanceddeltasystems(3-wireand b. RC circuits 4-wire)-harmonics c. RLcircuits 7. Unbalanced delta systems(3-wire and 3. Series circuits (3element) and resonance 4-wire)--harmonics a. RLCcircuits 8. Mathematical conversiondelta to wye b. Voltage, current, andphase angles and wye to delta c. Circuit resonance a. Formulas 4. Parallel circuits (2elements) b. Clearing networks a. RR circuits 9. Systems usingcombination wye and b. RC circuits delta systems c. RL circuits a. Advantages 5. Parallel circuits (3element) and resonance b. Commercial voltages a. RLCcircuits c. Zigzagconnections b. Voltage, current, and phaseangle B. Laboratory projects-21hours c. Resonance 1. Power measurementin three-phase cir- 6. Series parallel circuits(Mesh laws solution) cuits (3-wire and 4-wire) a. Circuitsimplification 2. Balanced wye anddelta circuits (unity b. Calculation using vectors and nonunity power factors) c. Mesh nets 3. Unbalanced wye anddelta circuits (unity B. Laboratory projects-21hours and nonunity power factors) 1. Plottingandobtaininginstantaneous 4. Combination of deltaand wye circuits values from scope (use electronicswitch) DIVISIONVI. Two-Phase Circuits 2. Selected problems 3. Series circuits lab(nonresonance) A. Units of instruction-1 hour 4. Parallel circuits lab(nonresonance) 1. History, use, andrelationship 5. Resonance lab (seriesand parallel) a. History 6. Series-parallel circuits b. Advantages and disadvantages 551292 0-60--3 26 ELECTRICALTECHNOLOGY

c. Obsolete and residual 2. Scope measurementofnonsinusoidal 2. Three-wire Edison and two-phase circuits waves a. Advantages of Edison's system b. Measurement DIVISION IX. Miscellaneous Alternating Circuits B. Laboratory projects-3 hours A. Units of instruction-3 hours 1. Two-phase measurements and vectors 1. Methods of wave analysis 2. Edison 3-wire system vs 2-wire systems a. Scopes and graphical determination measurements of voltage regulation b. Mathematical analysis DIVISION VII. Integrating Circuits 2. Electrical transients a. Source and results A. Units of instruction-3 hours b. Mathematical treatment 1. Electrical response to sinusoidal waves 3. Effects of harmonics a. The integrator a. Source b. Influence of component value b. Effect c. Commercial uses c. Laws of analysis 2. Electrical response to nonsinusoidal waves B. Laboratory projects-6 hours a. Square wave 1. Wave analysis from scope picture and b. Pulse wave prints c. Influence of component sizes 2. Make up laboratory for those who need B. Laboratory projects-6 hours additional experience for advanced proj- 1. Graphical plot of results to waves (RC ects and RL) 2. Scope measurement of integrators (RC and RL) Texts and References DIVISION VIII: Differentiating Circuits A. Units of instruction-3 hours Select one of the books on the following list for 1. Electrical response to sinusoidal waves a text.Others may be used for references. a. The differentiator ANDRES, P. G., Basic Mathematics for Engineers.New b. Influence of component value York: John Wiley & Bons. c. Commercial uses DAWES, CHESTER L.,Electrical EngineeringVol.II. 2. Electrical response to nonsinusoidal waves New York: McGraw-Hill Book CO. a. Square waves FITCH, SYLVAN and POTTER, T. L., Theory of A. C. Circuits. b. Pulse waves Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall Book Co. c. Sawtooth waves MORECOCR, EARLEM.,Alternating-CurrentCircuits. d. Influence of component values New York: McGraw-Hill Book CO. VAN VALRENBURG, NOOGER and NEVILLE, INC., Basic Elec- B. Laboratory projects-6 hours tricity, Volumes 8 & 4.Alternating Current, Resistance, 1. Graphical plot of response to sinusoidal Capacitance in A. C., etc.New York: John F. Rider waves Publisher, Inc. IR lel, Bunko 11111graies

Hours Required 2. Various uses of electronics a. Industrial controls and instrumenta- Class, 3; Laboratory, 6 tion b. Microwaves and radar c. Television Description d. Medical applications Introduction to the technical concepts of 3. Sound wave characteristics electronic components and circuits. Principles a. Frequency, amplitude, andwaveforms, of vacuum tubes and transistors; tuned circuits and the impressions of pitch, loudness, and basic circuits for power supplies, detec- and timbre; beats tors, amplifiers, and oscillators; radio receiv- b. Characteristics of the ear; frequency ers; cathode-ray oscilloscopes; useof basic range, loudness response test devices and measuring instruments.It c. Speed of sound;directional behavior is designed to followthecourseDirect d. Electro-acoustic transducers; micro- Current Circuits and Machines (ER 115) and phones, phonograph pickups, speakers, should be taken concurrently with Time and ultrasonic crystals Varying Circuits (ER 185). 4. Simplified radio transmission and recep- tion system Nets: The circuit analysis in this course makes use of mathematical forms in the segues°, used In ER 164 Tecissisal MalkessatIcs II.Incremental a. Radio wave characteristicscompari- changes, tor example, are explaMed by the "delta" no:Utica in the first unit son of sound waves in air and electro- al the course and by calculus cemeepts In the latter units. magnetic waves in space b. Amplitude modulation and frequency Major Divisions modulation (simple illustrations) Labora- ass tory c. Functions of a receiverantenna, tun- hours hours ing, detection I. Introduction to Radio 4 8 B. Laboratory projects-8 hours II. Vacuum Tube Charac- 8 12 1. Introductory demonstration teristics a. Display of "antique" radio apparatus III. Semiconductor Charac 6 12 that may be available teristics b. Communications receiver demonstra- IV. Power Supplies 5 10 tionlistening to the signals of vari- V. Audio Amplifiers 7 14 ous types of foreign, commercial and VI. Tuning Circuits 4 8 amateur services using radio commu- VII. Radio-Frequency Ampli- 4 8 nications fiers c. Observation of training panels that VIII. Detector Circuits 5 10 are connected to form a typical re- IX. Receiving Circuits 6 12 ceiver. Examination of electronic com- X. Test Equipment 4 8 ponents and identification of symbols. 2. Soldering, splicing, and cabling; practice DIVISIONI. Introduction to Radio in making common splices and use of ter- A. Units of instruction-4 hours minals. May include soldering for printed 1. History of radio communication circuits a. Early experimenters 3. Construction of crystal receiver.Assem- b. Commercial and amateur uses of radio bly of a kit, or construction of simple 27 28 ZIACTRICAL TZCHNOLOGY

breadboard set, wired in accordance with B. Laboratory projects-12 hours the procedures given in the preceding 1. Tube dissection laboratory project, to show essential func- a. Cutting apart piece-by-piece of several tions of a receiver that will be studied in discarded tubes (both metal andglass) detail later by each student 4. Transmitter demonstration,usingin- b. Freehand sketching ofeach element, structional panels. May be conducted in and of the tube's internalstructure conjunction with receiver demonstration c. Reference to published tube data for (1c) symbol and manufacturer's description 5. Sound and hearing demonstration of each tube a. Electrical outputs from a microphone 2. Diode characteristics and electric waves froma phonograph a. Voltage-currentrelationshipstaken and from an audio oscillatormay be with equipment connected bystudent pictured on an oscilloscope at thesame crews and checked by instructor. time their sound is heard froma loud With a duo-diode,curves may be com- speaker pared for one section and bothsections in parallel. b. Characteristics of the humanear may be shown by variations of frequency b. Informal report withgraphs of experi- and intensity of the signal mentally obtained data,comparison with publishedcharacteristics,and c. Several oscillators may be used to comments on any discrepancies supply complex waveforms and show 3. Triode characteristics harmonic relations.The phenomenon a. Data for transfer curves taken with of beats will be illustrated visuallyand audibly student-connected apparatus b. Informal report,as in preceding experi- DIVISION II. Vacuum Tubes ment A. Units of instruction-6 hours 4. Pentode characteristics 1. Diodes a. Similar procedure as for triode characteristics.Separate sets of data should a. Edison effect; electron emission and be taken for sharp cut-offand for re- contact potential mote cut-off types of pentodes b. Series and parallel filament connec- b. Informal report withdata presented tions on curves that may be compared with c. Characteristics curves;saturation, those in tube manual rectification and detection 5. Tube characteristics calculations 2. Triodes a. Calculation ofamplificationfactor, a. Action of control grid plate resistance, and transconductance, b. Characteristiccurves from the curves plotted fortriode and c. Amplification factor pentode tubes d. Plate resistance; transconductance b. Informal report showingprocedures e. Voltage amplification; equivalent used, and evaluation of units circuit 6. Demonstration of specialtubes if time 3. Tetrodes and Pentodes permits, attentionmay be given to special a. Effect of screen grid tubes, suchas electron-ray indicators and b. Characteristiccurves; negative resist- power tubes for transmitters ance DIVISION III. SemiconductorCharacteristics c. Effect of suppressor grid A. Units of instruction-6hours d. Beam power tubes 1. Semiconductor diode characteristics e. Characteristic curves of pentodes and a. Valence electrons beam power tubes b. Crystal lattice ountnris 29 c. Donors and acceptors 4. Other types of power supplies d. PN junctions a. Non-synchronous vibrators 2. Semiconductor rectifiers b. Synchronous vibrators a. Crystal diodes c. Dynamotor. b. Power rectifiers d. Inverter circuits 3. Transistors 5. Voltage regulation a. Point-contact transistors a. Ballast tubes b. Junction transistors b. Glow-tube regulator c. Transistor parameters c. Electronic regulation d. Power transistors d. Saturable reactor regulation B. Laboratory projects-12 hours B. Laboratory projects-10 hours 1. Semiconductor diode characteristics 1. Transformer familiarization a. Measurements for plotting forward a. Examination of new or used power and reserve voltage-current relations transformers eachstudentshould b. Informal report check several units 2. Characteristicsof junctiontransistors b. Ohmmeter measurements for lead iden- and surface-barrier transistors tification a. Examination of effects of changing c. Voltage measurement ofwindings. operating voltages and currents Reduced voltage may be applied to b. Informal report the primary as a safety precaution 3. Common-base amplifier characteristics d. Informal report showing results, with a. Gain and frequency response measure- reference to standard transformer color ments coding b. Biasing methods 2. Demonstration of typical power supply, c. Informal report with student reports of observations 4. Common-emitter amplifier characteristics. a. Waveforms at various points Procedure similar to experiment 3, above b. Output voltages and ripple with var- 5. Bias and stabilization ious filters Measurements in circuits with fixed bias c. Measurement of regulation with var- and with self bias ious filters 6. Supplement.If time allows, basic tran- d. Comparison of full-wave and half-wave sistor receiver circuits may be connected, rectification serving as an introduction to details that e. Correction of faults in power supplies will be studied in advanced courses f.Informal reports 3. Voltage regulator tubes ' DIVISION IV. Power Supplies a. Connection of voltage regulator tube A. Units of instruction-5 hours circuit 1. Rectifier circuits b. Collection of data for graphically show- a. Half-wave and full-wave rectification ing regulator action for conditions for b. Bridge rectifiers changing line voltage and for changing c. Metallic-oxide rectifiers values of load d. Peak inverse voltage c. Compare voltagecurrent curves of 56-51 and B2 2. Voltage multipliers; transformerless power d. Informal report supplies 4. Voltage divider design a. Doubler circuits a. Problem in figuring resistance and b. Triplers and quadruplers wattage ratings for a divider supplying 3. Filter circuits several loads with different voltages a. Choke input; capacitor input; resist- and currents.Check of computations ance-capacitance filters by measurements on the actual circuit b. Voltage dividers; bleeders b. Informal report 30 ZLICTRICALTJACKNOLOGT

5. Vibrators and dynamotor' b. Voltage amplificationmeasurement a. Examination and testing of a vibrator c. Effect of load resistance value power supply, such as found in car d. Effect of cathode by-passing radios e. Informal report b. Examination of dynamotor, generator, 2. Impedance coupled amplifier or motor, to note construction features a. Gain and frequency response measure- of rotating machines ment c. Informal report b. Informal report DIVISION V. Audio Amplifiers 3. Transformer coupled amplifier A. Units of instruction-7 hours a. Gain and frequency measurements 1. Amplifier classification b. Effect of turns-ratio (repeatpart (a) a. Classification by usevoltage and with a different transformer) power amplifiers c. Audio systemtesting.Demonstra- b. Classification by biasClass A, Class tion of noise, distortion, andpower B, Class AB, and Class C measurements c. Classification by frequency response: d. Informal report audio, intermediate, radio, video and Dirvisiow VI. Tuning Circuits broad band A. Units of instruction-4 hours 2. Distortion in amplifiers 1. Series resonant circuits a. Frequency distortion a. Impedance variation with frequency b. Phase distortion b. Applications in electronics c. Amplitude distortion 2. Parallel resonant circuits 3. Coupling methods a. Effect of frequency on voltage, current, a. Resistance-capacitancecoupling, and impedance equivalent circuits b. Uses in tube circuits b. Impedance coupling 3. Resonance curves c. Transformer coupling a. Circuit Q d. Direct coupling balanced amplifier b. Half-power points 4. Feedback amplifiers 4. Selectivity a. Effects of positive and negative feed- a. Design characteristics back b. Fidelity b. Advantages of negative feedback c. L/C ratio reduction of noise and distortion, im- B. Laboratory projects-8 hours provement of frequency response, sta- 1. Analysis of capacitive and inductivere- bility and independence of load change actances c. Negative feedback circuitscurrent 2. Audio-frequency power amplifier feedback and voltage feedback a. Measurement of output transformer 5. Phase inverters turns ratio and impedance ratio a. Transformer invertersphase splitters b. Measurement of power output b. Paraphase amplifiersinverters c. Measurement of power sensitivity 6. Power amplifiers d. Informal report a. Ratingsmaximum output, efficiency, 3. Phase-splitter power sensitivity a. Check of signal amplitude and phase b. Power diagrams; loti'd line relations c. Push-pull amplifiers; graphical anal- b. Changes due to faults ysis c. Informal report d. Output transformers ; impedance match- 4. Push-pull audio power amplifier ing a. Balance of the circuit B. Laboratory projects-14 hours b. Output impedance matching 1. Resistance-capacitance coupled amplifier c. Troubleshooting a. Frequency response measurement d. Informal report MUREX OUTLIMI 31 5. Audio systems used, so that only thetuner need be a. Demonstration of institutional sys- constructed. temsofintercommunicationsand 2. Adjustment and operation oftuner sound distribution 3. Informal report describing adjustments b. Selection and interconnection of com- and results ponents of a high-fidelity system c. Experimental measurements showing DIVISION VIII. Detector Circuits variations with frequency A. Units of instruction-5 hours d. Effects of series and parallel combina- 1. Diode detectionpractical circuits tions 2. Plate detection 6. Alternating current circuit analysis a. Operating point a. Voltage measurements with capaci- b. Cathode bias tance, inductance, and resistance con- 3. Grid detectiongrid-leak action nected across the 60-cycle line 4. Heterodyne detectionbeat frequencies b. Informal report, with vector analysis 5. Regenerative detectioncontrol of feed- of voltages measured back 7. Series resonance 6. Autodyne detectionfrequency limita- a. Measurements of line current variations tions with frequency.Current from 7. Superregeneration an audio signal generator found with a. Separately quenched vacuum tube voltmeter by measuring b. Self-quenched circuits the voltage across a 100-ohm series 8. Automatic volume control resistor a. Supercontrol tubes b. Graph of curves for current variations b. Delayed control with capacitor only, inductance only, B. Laboratory projects-10 hours and their series combination 1. Diode detector c. Measurement and plot of response a. Waveforms of detector in training with a different L/C ratio equipment when fed with modulated d. Effect of series resistance on Q signal generator e. Informal report b. Informal report of detector action with 8. Parallel resonance various values of load a. Measurements to show effect of par- 2. Superheterodyne construction alleltuned circuit, with procedure This project continues through Division similar to that in experiment 2 above IX, and furnishes the receiver to which b. Informal report test equipment procedures are applied in Division X. The receivermay be a kit, DIVISION VII. Radio-Frequency Amplifiers or may be a typical superheterodyne A. Units of instruction-4 hours assembled with separately obtained parts. 1. Voltage amplification of tuned stages Chassisconstruction should be used. a. Effect of coil Q Laboratory power supply unitsmay be b. Gain calculations utilized, but a self-contained power supply 2. Band-pass coupling is preferable.Circuit wiring should begin a. Critical coupling with the power supply and the output b. Coupled impedance stage, working back tothe antenna 3. Multi-stage amplifiers terminals.Students should have a check a. Overall response listfor testing their work themselves b. Control of undesired regeneration before the instructor is asked to locate B. Laboratory projects-8 hours any errors.Demonstrations of typical 1. Construction of a tuned-radio-frequency circuitsfor a superheterodyne, using receiver. May be on breadboard or laboratory training aids,may be given by chassis. Detector laboratory power sup- the instructor at appropriate stages of ply and separate audio amplifier may be student progress. 82 ELECTRICALTECHNOLOGY

DIVISION IX. Receiving Circuits and variations from colorcode markings A. Unita of instruction-6 hours may be noted 1. Receiver characteristicssensitivity,se- 2. Operation of oscilloscope lectivity, fidelity, stability, signal-to-noise Use of panel controls.Observation of ratio signal waveforms and Lissajousfigures 2. Tuned-radio-frequency receivers 3. Application of test instrumentsto adjust- 3. Superheterodyne receivers ment and troubleshooting ofsuperhetero- a. Frequency conversionlocal oscillator, dyne project conversion gain b. Converter circuitspentagrid tubes Texts and References c. Intermediate-frequency character- isticschoiceofvalue, imagefre- Select a text fromone of the following books. quency, tuning ratio, spurious responses Others may be usedas references. d. Receiver alignmenttrimmersand Ev Earn, W. L., ed., Fundamentalsof Radio and Elec- padders, signal generator connections, tronics.Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-HallBook output indicators Co. B. Laboratory projects-12 hours SHEING OLD, ABRAHAM S.,Fundamentals of Radio Commu- Continuation of receiver construction de- nication.New York: D. Van Nostrand Co.,Inc. scribed in Division VIII SHRADER,R.,Electronic Communication.New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co. DIVISION X. Test Equipment SLURZBERO, M. and OBTERHELD, W., Essentialsof Radio. A. Units of instruction-4 hours New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co. 1. Measuring instruments For transistor study,a supplementary text a. Multimeters for measuring resistance, should be used withone of the above texts, such voltage, and current as the following: b. Output meters American Radio Relay League, The RadioAmateur's c. Effect of meter loading Handbook (latest edition); West Hartford,Conn.: d. Vacuum tube voltmeters American Radio Relay League, Inc. e. Circuitsrequiringhigh-impedance DE FRANCE,J.,ElectronTubes and Semiconductors. meters Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-HallBook Co. 2. Cathode-ray-oscilloscope EVANS, W. H. ed., Experiments inElectronics.Engle- a. Principle of operation wood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall Book Co. RIVER, M. S., Transistors in Radio,Television, and Elec- b. Interpretation of patterns tronics.New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co. c. Uses in electronic circuit testing LANG FORD-SMITH,F.,Radiotron Designer's Handbook. 3. Miscellaneous equipment Harrison, N.J.: Radio Corp. of America. a. Signal generators RIDDLE, R. L. and RUMENBATT, M. P., Transistor Physics b. Sweep oscillators and Circuits.Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall c. Tube testers Book Co. d. Capacitor checkers RIDER, J. F. and UBLAN, S. D., Encyclopediaon Cathode- e. Signal tracers Ray Oscilloscopes and Their Uses.New York: John B. Laboratory projects-12 hours F. Rider, Inc. TURNER, R. P., Basic Electronic Test Instruments.New 1. Testing of tubes and components, using York: Rinehart Books, Inc. test equipment studies.Units with mark- ZBAR, P. B. and SCHILDKRAUT, S., Basic Radioand Radio- ings removed may be used for practice, Receiver Servicing.New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co. 0 111, Shop Prams*.

Hours Required C. Time study 1. Cards Class, 1; Laboratory, 2 2. Time and motion 3. Waste and salvage Description DIVISION III. Bench Work-15 hours Course is designed to help the individual A. Layout using scale, square, dividers, pro- student develop information in the use of tractor, and scriber hand tools, machine tools, equipment, and B. Filing, polishing, and scraping various types of materials which he will 1. Types of files, chisels, and scrapers encounterinhis work asatechnician. 2. Use and care Laboratory exercises are designed to intro- C. Hacksawing duce students to tools, materials, and equip- 1. Types of saws ment with which they areunfamiliar rather 2. Mounting of blade than to give students opportunity to develop 3. Techniques in use proficiency only in one area.Shop safety is D. Drilling stressed. 1. Hand drills 2. Small power drills-uses Major Divisions E. Threading-internal and external Laboratory 1. Types of taps hours 2. Size of tap to size of drill I. Shop Details 3 3. Types of threads II. Shop Organization 3 a. Use of dies III. Bench Work 15 b. Threading pipe and conduit IV. Machine Shop Tool, Equipment, and F. Exercises in the use of Exercises 18 1. Pliers V. Miscellaneous Materials 9 2. Wrenches-open, closed,adjustable 3. Clamps, vises DIVISION I. Shop Details-3 hours 4. Files A. Details from drafting room 5. Screwdrivers, punches, prybars, etc. 1. Pencil sketches 6. Micrometer, vernier, gauge,protractor, 2. Blueprints trammel, scale, and rule 3. Other 7. Hacksaws B. Templates and patterns 8. Other 1. Paper 2. Wood DIVISION IV. Machine Shop Tool,Equipment, 3. Metal and Exercises-18 hours 4. Plastic A. Lathe DIVISION II. Shop Organization-3 hours 1. Exercises in centering,facing, adjusting A. Work orders centers, etc. B. Lists 2. Turning and facing workheld on man- 1. Bill of material drels; arbors 2. Shipping 3. Measuring with micrometers 3. Inventory 4. Taper turning and boring 33 34 ELECTRICALTECHNOLOGY B. Drill press (2) Insulated and nonineulated wire 1. Rough drilling and pipe straps 2. Types of drills (3) Plastic, wood and fiber damps and 3. Cutting speed and feeding separators C. Milling machine (4) Other 1. Selection of cutters DryisIoN V. Miscellaneous Materials-9 hours 2. Direction of feed A. Wire 3. Squaring 1. Wire sizes, types, and uses D. Forming and shaping metal and plastic a. Types of connectors 1. Sheet metal b. Soldering and splicing a. Types of sheet metals and their uses c. Junction boxes b. Exercises in design, layout and con- d. Raceways and panels struction of geometric forms used in B. Conduit instrumentchassis,raceways,and 1. Thinwall junction boxes such as: a. Threadless connectors (1) Square b. Use of hickey, other benders (2) Octagon c. Cutting (3) Hexagon 2. Rigid (4) Pentagon a. Types of connections and fittings (5) Ellipse c. Exercises in the use of sheet metal b. Cutting, threading, reaming and bending tools and materials such as: c. Uses (1) Shears C. Insulating materials (2) Folding,formingandshaping D. Wood, wood fiber, hard rubber, and equipment and machines mason- ite (3) Bench machines and stakes (4) Groover, rivet sets, knock-out sets, Students should complete one or two projects spot welder, nibbler, gas and elec- applying as many of the machines, tools, and processes as time will permit tricsoldering equipment, metal screws, etc. 2. Plastics Texts and References a. Types of plastics and uses b. Forming, shaping, and drilling Select one of the following as a text.Others c. Casting and molding may be considered as possible reference books. d. Fasteners AUSTIN, JOHN B., Electric Arc Welding.Chicago: Ameri- (1) Special rivets, screws, and bolts can Technical Society. (2) Joining plastics to plastics; plastic BARICH, DEWEY F. and SMITH, L. C., Metal Work for to metal Industrial Arts Shops.Chicago: American Technical 3. Heavy-gauge metals Society. a. Hand forging and heat treating BRUCE, LEROY FOWLER, Sheet Metal Shop Practice. b. Presses, hydraulic and hand Chicago: American Technical Society. c. Casting CARROLL, JOHN M., Mechanical Design for Electronics d. Shaper and planer Production.New York:McGraw-Hill Book Co. e. Welding, gas and electric DuBois, J. H. and PRIBBLE, W. I., Plastics, Mold Engineer- 4. Metal fasteners ing.Chicago:American Technical Society. FRANKEL, JACOB PORTER, Principles of the Properties of a. Types of rivets and uses Materials. b. Types of bolts, nuts and screws and New York: McGraw-Hill Book CO. FEIRER, JOHNL.,GeneralMetals.(secondedition) uses New York: McGraw-Hill Book CO. c. Types of holders, wire, pipe GRONEMAN, CHRIS H., Mastics Made Practical.Chicago: (1) Insulated staples Bruce Publishing Co. COURSE OUTLINES 35

KNOBLAUGH, RALPH R.,Modelmaking forIndustrial STRASSER, FRRDERICO, Practical Design of Sheet Metal Design.New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co. Stampings.Philadelphia: Chilton Publishing Co. MIIIRSIRRAU, SAMUEL FOSTER, Revised by Reen, CalvinG. TURNER, WILLIAM P. and OWEN, HALSEY F., Machine- and Holderman, Kenneth L., Materials ofIndustry. Tool Work.Purdue University, second edition. Fourth Ed., New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co. VAN DORRN, HAROLD, A Practical Guide to Product PORTIR, MORGAN H., Oxyacetylene Welding.Chicago: Design and Development. New York: McGraw -Hill American Technical Society. Book Co.

11; 0 161, Technical Report Writing

Hours Required 3. 72-ogression.Maintaining unity,coherence, and emphasis Class, 1; Laboratory, 0 4. Elements of style a. Sentence structure Description (1) Relation of ideas (2) Faultyreferences: pronouns and Techniquesofcollectingandpresenting modifiers scientific data.Informal reports and formal (3) Balance and parallelism reports; special types of technical papers. (4) Revision Forms and procedures for technical reports b. Style problems are studied and a pattern is established for (1) Shoptalk and jargon all formal reports to be submitted in this (2) Achieving readability and other courses.Prerequisite: G 133 Com- 5. Analysis of examples munication Skills. DIVISION III. The Report Form-7 hours 1. Characteristics of the report Major Divisions 2. Report functions Class hours 3. Informal reports I. The Scientific Method 4 a. Short-form reports II. Techniques of Exposition 6 (1) Memorandum reports HI. The Report Form 7 (2) Business letter reports (3) Outline reports DIVISION I. The Scientific Method-4 hours 4. The formal report 1. Meaning of the method a. Arrangement a. Cumulative nature (1) Cover and title pages b. Complexity of investigation (2) Table of contents 2. Characteristics of the scientific method (3) Summary of abstracts a. Reliance on observation (4) Body of the report b. The experimental process (5) Bibliography and appendix c. Objectivity (6) Graphs and drawings 3. Essentials of scientific style b. Preparation a. Clarity and precision (1) Collecting, selecting, and arranging b. Conciseness and directness material 4. The problem concept (2) Writing and revising the report a. Types of problems 5. Special types of papers b. Setting up a problem a. The abstract DIVISION II. The Techniques of Exposition-6 b. Process explanations c. The case history hours d. The book review 1. Definitions a. The formal definition Texts and References b. The operational definition c. The informal definition Select one of the following as a text.Others 2. The expository paragraph may be considered as possible referencebooks. a. Length BUCKLE, M.D. and Hour, K. W., Reports for Science and b. Structure Industry.New York: Henry Holt & Co. 36 COURSE OUTLINES 37

ZETLER, ROBERT L., A Guide to PHILCO TECHNOLOGICAL CANTEr, TechnicalWriting Guide, CROUCH, WILLIAM G. and Philadelphia 32, Pa.: The Center, Department259. Technical Writing.New York: Ronald Press. RHODES, FRED, and JOHNSON, HERBERTF.,Technical GAUM, CARL G., GRAVES,HAROLD F., and HOFFMAN, Report Writing. New York: McGraw-HillBook CO. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: LYNE S. S., Report Writing. SANTMYERS, SELBY S., Practical ReportWriting.Scranton, Prentice-Hall. Pa.: International Textbook CO. GUNNING, ROBERT, The Techniqueof Clear Writing.New SOUTHER, JAMES W., Technical ReportWriting.New York: McGraw-Hill BookCo. York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Gould), J. R., Technical Writing.New York: ULMAN, JOSEPH N., Jr., and HICKS, T. G., Successful Technical New York: Henry Holt & Co. McGraw-Hill Book Co. Reporting. 162, GraphicAnalysis Hours Required DrvisioN II. Sheet MetalLayouts Class, 1; Laboratory,3 A. Units of instruction-1hour 1. Layout methods a. Layout tools Description b. Reference points c. Arcs and curves Graphic representationand graphic analysis. d. Holes Layout methods used inpattern and template work. 2. Cutting methods Graphs, charts, andplots withan a. Snips and shears introduction to descriptivegeometry and graphic calculus. b. Machines c. Hole cutters 3. Bending met,,ds Major Divisions a. Bending in vise Labora- b. Metal folders Class tory 4. Bending allowances hours hours I. Symbol Drawings a. Allowable radius 2 6 b. How to bend radius II. Sheet MetalLayouts__ _ 1 3 III. Drawings forMachine 5. Fasteners and fasteningmethods a. Metal screws Reproduction 1 3 IV. Graph Plotting b. Spot welding 2 6 c. Torch fastening V. Field Survey Work__ _ _ 2 9 d. Soldering VI. Charts 2 6 VII. Nomographs B. Laboratoryprojects-3 hitrs 2 6 Prepare full scale VIII. Basic DescriptiveGe- drawings showing allcuts and bends fora complete chassis or subchassis ometry.. 2 6 IX. Graphic Calculus 3 6 DIVISION III. Drawingsfor Machine Reproduc- tion Div IsioN I. Symbol Drawings A. Units of instruction-1 A. Units of instruction-2 hour hours 1. Reproduction methodsand machines 1. Electrical symbols(instruments and tem- a. Blueprint plates) b. Sepia 2. Electronic symbols(instruments andtem- c. Mimeograph plates) d. Ditto 3. Control wiring symbols(instruments and e. Multilith templates) f.Ozalid printer B. Laboratory projects-6 hours 2. Duplicatingmasters 1. Trace and diagramthe circuit ofa piece a. Care of masters of electronic equipmentusing templates b. Type masters 2. Trace and diagramthe circuit ofa piece c. Storing masters of electrical equipmentusing drawing d. Corrections and instruments changes of masters B. Laboratoryprojects-3 hours 3. Reproducea complex control diagram Prepare a simple 38 machine drawing for 0171=411$ 39 reproduction andreproduce as blueprints, sepia, ditto, andmultilith 3. Picture chart 4. Volume chart DIVISION IV. GraphPlotting 5. Flow chart A. Units ofinstruction-2 hours 6. Pie charts 1. Types of graphpaper B. Laboratoryprojects-8 hours a. Rectangular From informationfurnished, the (1) Inch scale student prepares one chart foreach of the aboveand (2) Centimeter scale two charts ofown selection b. Semi-log DIVISION VII. c. Log-log Nomography d. Circular A. Units ofinstruction-2 hours 1. Nomographic 2. Proper scaling ofpaper use of charts a. Selection of scales a. Chart use andpurpose b. Broken scales b. Interpolationfrom chart c. Double scales 2. Selection ofscales for charts 3. Points and lines a. Use of formula a. Point plotting b. Parallelor Z chart b. Line identification c. Limits c. Name plate d. Scaling 4. Data from graphs 3. Methods ofplotting charts a. Making divisions a. Proper data from graphand calculations b. Selectingspacing b. Error points c. The dependent variable B. Laboratoryprojects-8 hours B. Laboratoryprojects-8 hours 1. Construction Plot and obtaininformation from thefollow- of alignmentparallel chart ing type graphs: 2. Constructionof Z alignmentchart 1. Rectangular Divistox VIII. Basic 2. Polar Descriptive Geometry 3. Semi-log A. Units ofinstruction 2 hours 4. Log-log 1. Analysis of viewsin quadrants 5. Tri-linear a. The four quadrants b. Folded boxviews DIVISION V. FieldSurvey Work (withApplica- 2. Projections inplanes tions to RadiationPatterns) a. Point A. Units ofInstruction-2 hours (1) Locating pointsin quadrants 1. Radiation fieldstrengthsurveys (2) Distance betweenpoints a. Measurements b Line b. Plotting (1) Measurementof lines withtwo 2. Contourmaps views given a. Elevation maps (2) Two lines indifferent planes b. Relativeantenna height (3) Intersectinglines c. Symbols c. Plane B. Laboratoryprojects-6 Yours (1) Locating planefrom three points From informationfurnished, plota radiation (2) Find angle ofintersection pattern of a particularantenna arrangement. d. Intersectionof planes DIVISION VI. Charts (1) Intersectingplanes and missing views A. Units of instruction-2hours (2) Applied problems Purpose and method of presenting data B. Laboratoryprojects-6 hours 1. Bar graph 1. Basic descriptive 2. Area graph geometry problems 2. Problem inapplied geometry 40 NUCTRICALTICEINOLOGY DIVISION IX. Graphic Calculus Texts and References A. Units of instruction-3 hours Select one of the followingas a text.Others 1. Graphic integration may be considered as possible reference books. a. Increments by blocks b. Ray method of integration BISHOP,CoLVINC., Electric Drafting and Design.New c. Plotting the integral York: McGraw-Hill Book Co. FRENCH,T. E. & Visseck, C. J., GraphicScience. New York: 2. Graphic differentiation McGraw-Hill Book Co. a. Graphic methods Gimsmcks, Fmmrassicit E.,MITCHZLL, ALVA,and others, Technical Drawing. b. Applied problems New York: The Macmillan Co. Kocrams,STANLEYE., Electrical Drafting.Scranton, Pa.: B. Laboratory projects-6hours International Textbook Co. LUZADDIR, WARREN Preparation of graphs showingdifferentia- J., Graphics for Engineers.Engle- wood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-HallBook Co. tion and integration of variouscurves LUSADDIS, WARRZNJ., P undainsntalsof Engineering Drawing.Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-HallBook Co. COMM OUTL1311111: SECONDTZAR, THIRD umournut

S 104, Illagibulealaiglakratoe

Hours Required 3. Measurement a. Scales Class, 3; Laboratory, 3 b. Torsion members c. Destruction machines Description 4. Tension, compression, andshear a. Forces on members Graphical and mathematicalanalysisof b. Limits of materials forces; laws of motion, machines,mechanical c. Elastic limits power, strength of material, fluid mechanics, and thermal conductivity; 5. Center of gravity basic principles of a. Locating centers physics. Principles directlyrelated to the b. Forces on technician field of specialization will be cov- B. ered in greater detail insubsequent specialized Laboratory projects-6 hours 1. Metric system of courses.Course work is extremelypractical measurement in nature with theemphasis on applied prob- 2. Center of gravity (experimental) lems. C.Resolution and compositionof forces-4 hours Major Divisions 1. Parallelogram of forces Labora- a. Graphical solution Clan tory b. Mathematical hour. hour. c. Force reso.ution I. Forces 21 21 II. Motion 2. Two or more forces 6 6 a. Two concurrent forces III. Work and Power 6 8 IV. Simple Machines b. Couples 3 3 c. Multi-force V. Strength of Materials.._ _ 3 3 3. Rectangular components VI. Fluids 3 3 VII. Gases a. Force resolution 3 3 b. Resultant VIII. Heat Elements 3 3 IX. Light and Lenses 3 3 4. Polygon of forces a. Resultant DIVISION I. Forces b. Equilibrant A. Basic forces-6 hours c. Unknown force 1. Definitions D.Laboratory projects-6 hours a. Definitions Forces and force resolution b. Units of measurement E.Concurrent forces-3 hours c. Metric units 1. Computation d. Limits and safety factors a. Parallel forces on members 2. Acton and reactiot. b. Nonparallel forces a. Laws c. Distributed loads b. Application of laws 2. Equilibrium c. Resultants a. Conditions of equilibrium d. Vectors b. Computing 551292 0-60-4 41 42 ZUKTRICALTICOINOLOGY

3. Resolution along axis 2 Angular motion a. Method of solution a. Gears b. Results b. Pulleys F. Laboratory projects-3 hours c. Belts Polygon of forces d. Harmonic motion G. Parallel forces-3 hours e. Pendulum 1. Moments f. Cam and linkage a. Law of moments motion B. Laboratory projects-6hours b. Application to forces 1. Projected body c. Application to rotation 2. Pendulum 2. Levers 3. Pulleys a. Three types of levers 4. Gears b. Application to forces 5. Simple cams 3. Couple a. Definition DIVISION III. Work and Power b. Effecton rotation A. Units of instruction-6hours c. Practical problems 1. Units of work H. Laboratory projects-3 hours a. Definitions Levers b. Formulas for problems I. Nonooncurrent forces-2 hours c. Friction of bodies 1. Conditions of equilibrium 2. Work diagrams a. Laws 3. Power and measurements b. Forces a. Measurement foot poundsper minute 2. Solution of typical forcesystems b. Contrast to work a. Graphical c. Prony brake measurement b. Mathematical d. Efficiency c. Safety factors 4. Dynamometers J. Trusses and structures-3 hours a. The machine 1. Shear legs b. Formulas foruse a. Forces in legs B. Laboratory projects-6hours b. Free-body diagrams Measurement of horsepower ofmotor c. Calculations of forces DrvisioN IV. Simple Machines 2. Cranes and derricks A. Units of instruction-3 hours a. Typical units 1. Inclined plane b. Loads a. As a machine c. Stresses b. Mechanical advantage 3. Bridge and roof trusses c. Work done and work loss a. Typical units 2. Winch b. Types of static loads a. The machine c. Solutions of forces b. Mechanical advantage 4. Graphic solutions of varioustrusses and c. Commercial use structures 3. Belt and gear drives K. Laboratory projects-3hours a. Belt speeds 1. Forces in boom cranes b. Pulley speeds and directionof rotation 2. Forces in structures c. Gear trains, mechanical advantage, DIVISION II. Motion rotational direction and differential gears A. Units of instruction-6hours d. Worm andworm wheel 1. Linear motion 4. Pulleys, block, and tackle a. Speed, distance, acceleration 5. Differential pulley b. Free falling body a. Mechanical advantage c. Projected bodies b. Use 00171LINOUTLINZ8

6. Screws DIVISION VII. Gases a. Mechanicaladvantage A. Units of instruction-3hours b. Use 1. Pressure of gases c. Friction a. Measurementmethods B. Laboratory project-3hours b. Flow of gasesBernoulli'sprinciple Inclined planelevers andlinkage c. Pressuredifferential and gas flow 2. Gas laws and applications Materials DIVISION V. Strength of 3. Flow of air A. Units of instruction-3hours a. Compressors 1. Stress deformation,and elastic units b. Cleaning and Rater traps a. Ultimatestrength c. Measuring b. Yield points B. Laboratory projects- 3hours c.Deformation of materials Gas laws d. Elasticity 2. Shear andultimate strength DIVISION VIII. Heat Elements a. Unitshear A. Units of instruction-3hours b. Applications 1. Heat units c. Failureof members a. B.T.U. 3. Factor of safety b. Measuring B.T.U. offuels a. Reasonsfor c. Purchasingby B.T.U.: fuels, rates, and b. Typical factors costs 4. Torsion of shafttransmitting power 2. Expansion andcontraction due to heat a.Displacement angle a. Expansioncoefficient b. Shear action b. Bimetals c. Failures c. Expansionjoints 5. Creep andfatigue 3. Specific heat andtemperatures of mix- B. Laboratory projects-3hours tures Stress deformation,and strength of materials a. Specificheat of matter DIVISION VI. Fluids b. Heat of mixtures c. Heatloss A. Units of instruction--3hours specific gravity 4. Heat transfer 1. Liquids, density, a. Transferthrough materials a. Definition b. Applicationtoheat lossandair b. Temperature effects conditioning c. Measurements heat transfer constants of pressure c. Use of 2. Pressure, transmission d. Convection, conduction,and radiation a. Factorsaffecting b. Gauge and absolute e. Diffusivity B. Laboratory projects-3hours c. Transmissionand vessel pressure mixture; transfer principle and hydrometers Specific heat and heat of 3. Archimedes' heat a. Archimedes'principle b. Applicationtoindustrialuse,i.e. DIVISION IX. Light andLenses boats, and floats A. Units of instruction-3hours c. Hydrometricmeasurement methods friction loss of head 1. Nature of light 4. Flow in pipes, a. Lightdefinitions and generation a.Bernoulli's principle b. The spectrum (ultravioletinfra reds) b. Analogy to electric systems c. The eye friction, including heads c. Pipe of light d. Discharge rates orifices,flow measure- 2. Transmission a. Transmission,reflection, and aborption ments and wave length B. Laboratory projects-3hours b. Velocity, frequency, Archimedes' principle andhydrometers c. Measuring 44 ELECTRICAL TECHNOLOGY 3. Lens BLACK, NEWTON HENRY, and LITTLE, ELSISZT P., Intro- a. Convex lens ductory Course in College Physics.New York: The b. Concave lens Macmillan Co. BEINEMAN, JOHN W., Mechanics.New York: McGraw- c. Reflectors Hill Book Co. d. Prisms DULL, CHARLES E., METCALF', H. CLARK, and B. Laboratory projects-1 hour &Loose, WILLIAM 0., Modern Physics, New York: 1. Light Henry Holt & Co. 2. Lens HARMS, N. C., and HEMMERLING, E. N., Introductory 3. Focal centers Applied Physics. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co. 4. Spectrum MERAIN, J.L., Mechanics Statics, Part I. New York: John Wiley & Bons. OLIVO, C. THOMAS, and WA THS, ALAN, Basic Science, Texts and References Part I, Physics.Albany, N.Y.: Delman. Publishing Co. WEBER, R. L., WHITS, MILO, and MANNING, K. V., Select one of the following as a text.Others Physics for Science and Engineering.New York: may be considered as possible reference books. McGraw-Hill Book Co. BRIE, FERDINAND P. and JOHNSTON, RUSSELL E., Me- WHITS, MARSH WILLIAM, MANNING, K. V., and Win's, chanics for Engineers. New York: McGraw-Hill Book R. L., Practical Physics.New York: McGraw-Hill Co. Book Co. 213, Electrical Instruments andMeasursznonts

Hours Required 2. d'Arl-mval movements a. SL eight coils Class, 2; Laboratory, 3 b. Concentric coils c. Half coils (300°meters) 3. Shunts and multipliers Description a. Calculations b. Temperatures and metals The mechanics and the science of electrical c. Leads of multipliers measurements are given thorough treatment 4. Thermal meters in the course.Starting with basic indicating a. Hot wire type instruments and continuing through complex b. Junction type integrating devices, both the operating princi- c. Thermal converters ples and the "hardware" are studied. Range 5. Ohmmeters and meggers extending devices,rectifiers,bridges,and a.. Seriesohmmeters transformers are used in the laboratory to b. Shunt ohmmeter construct metering systems for typical job re- c. Megger quirements. Operation, repair and calibration d. Meggohmer of measuring instruments.Mathematical B. Laboratory projects-6 hours analysis is used throughout the course with Galvanometer movementShunts andMul- extensive use of vector algebra and trigonom- tipliers etry.Prerequisite: ER 185. DIVISION II. A.C. Indicating Meters A. Units of instruction-4 hours Major Divisions Labora- 1. Rectifier meters Casa tory a. Rectifierprinciple and types hours hours b. Linear scale meters I. D.C. Meters 4 6 2. Iron vane II. A.C. Indicating Meters.. _ 4 3 a. Inclined coil III. Miscellaneous Indicating b. Weston Meters 2 3 c. Uses andlimitations IV. Integrating Meters 3 12 3. Dynamometer V. Instrument Transformer_ 4 6 a. Volt meters VI. Special Metering 4 6 b. Watt meters (1-phase and3-phase) VII. Laboratory Measure- c. Graphic meters ments 9 9 B. Laboratory projects-3 hours VIII. Commercial Kilowatt 1. ConstructionSketches andexplanations Hour Meters 4 6 2. Calibration of meters 3. Resealing of meters DIVISION I. D.C. Meters DIVISION III. Miscellaneous IndicatingMeters A. Units of instruction-4 hours A. Units of instruction-2 hours 1,. Galvanometers 1. Frequency meters a. Theory a. Frahm Reed c. Formula b. Resonance circuit c. Constructiondetails c. Resonance 45 46 trzerRicALTECHNOLOGY 2. Power factor meters b. Ratings a. Tuma, one-phase c. Errors b. Three-phase tuma d. Compensations 3. Synochronoscope-GE iron vane 2. The current instrument transformer 4. Phase sequence meters a. Proper meter multipliers due to trans- a. Rotating vane former b. Light type b. Compensation for transformererrors 5. Meter phase switching c. Types a. Voltmeter switching d. Ratings b. Ammeter switching e. Errors B. Laboratory projects-3 hours f. Compensation 1. Meter sketching 3. The circuits 2. Meter switching a. Potential to board DIVISION IV. Integrating Meters b. Current to board A. Units of instruction-3 hours 4. The metering constants 1. KWH parts and metering terms a. Proper meter multiplier due to trans- a. Metering definitions former b. Meter constants and multipliers b. Compensation for transformer errors c. Indentification of KWH parts B. Laboratory projects-8 hours 2. Principles of operation 1. Make a transformer metering connection a. Rotating field 2. Visit meter laboratory b. Disc speeds DIVISION VI. Special Metering c. Coil variations A. Units of instruction-4 hours 3. Multiple element meters 1. Thermal metering a. Wye a. Volt b. Delta b. Amperes c. Transformer type c. Kilowatt 4. Meter cleaning, inspection, and mechani- 2. Demand metering cal parts a. Types and application a. Type cleaner b. Constants b. Inspection methods 3. Time controlled metering c. Adjustments 4. Totalizing meters 5. Three methods of calibration 5. Carrier current a. Portable standard, reference B. Laboratory projects-6 hours b. Counting circuits 1. Circuitconnectionand constantsof c. Stroboscopic method thermal demands 6. KVA metering 2. Construction of a small carrier current a. Circuit using KWH controlled device b. Westinghouse KVA. meter 7. Reactive metering DIVISION VII. Laboratory Measurements a. Purpose A. Units of instruction-9 hours b. Circuit using KWH 1. Loop test B. Laboratory projects-12 hours a. Murray Loop 1. Sketching meter components b. Varley Loop 2. Checking meter constants 2. Bridge measurements 3. Meter calibration a. A.C. 4. Meter connection of KVAR and KVA (1) Impedance (2) Capacitance DIVISION V. Instrument Transformer Metering b. D.C. A. Units of instruction-4 hours (1) Slide wire 1. The potential instrument transformer (2) Dial bridge a. Types (3) Double bridge COURSEOUTLINES 47

3. Oscillographs (not scopes) B. Laboratory projects-6 hours a. Visual (rotatingmirror) Comparison and study of the design and b. Photographic construction of various commercial meters c. Directrecording 4. Potentiometers (including micromax) Texts and References a. Voltage divides Select one of the following books for a text. b. Standardization Others may be used as possible references. c. Recording EDISON ELRCTRIC INSTITUTIII, Electrical Metermans Hand- 5. Instrument transformer teeth for errors book. New York: Edison Electric Institute. a. Potential transformers DUNN, C. H., and BARKIMR, H. J., Electric Measurements b. Current Manual.EnglewoodCliffs,N. J.:Prentice-Hall B. Laboratory projects-9 hours Book Co. HARRIS, F. K., Electrical Measurements. New York: John 1. Loop tests for troubled lines Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2. Bridge tests LAWS, FRANK A. Electrical Measurements. New York: 3. Use of oscillograph McGraw-Hill Book Co. MACGAHAN, PAUL,ElectricalMeasuringInstruments. DIVISION VIII. Commercial Kilowatt Hour Meters Scranton, Pa.: International Textbook Co. A. Units of instruction-4 hours RHODZIS, T. J., Industrial Instruments for Measurement and Control.New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co. 1. Duncan SMITH, A. W.and WRIDIENBIECK, M. L., Electric Measure- 2. General Electric ?twat.New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co. 3. Sangamo STOUT, MKLVILLL B.,BasicElectricalMeasurements. 4. Westinghouse Englewood Cliffs, N. J.: Prentice-Hall Book Co. E 215, Alternating Current Machines

Hours Required 2. Wye connected circuits a. Advantages and disadvantages Class, 3; Laboratory, 6 b. Volts, amps, power, and phase angles c. Open wye Description 3. Delta connected circuits The work in this course is confined to a study a. Advantages and disadvantages of mechanical-electrical power devices. Alter- b. Volts, amps, power, and phase angles nators, single-phase motors and three-phase c. Open delta motors, transformers, voltage regulators, gen- 4. Three-phase power measurements erators, as well as the auxiliary control equip- a. Blondel's theorem ment necessary for these devices are studied. b. 3-, 4-, 2-wire circuits Laboratory work consists mainly of running c. Circuits for measurement load tests on selected equipment and studying 5. Two-phase systems the characteristic behavior of these units under a. 3-, 4-, and 5-wire system varying operating conditions.Installation b. Reasons for being obsolete and maintenance requirements for alternating B.Laboratory projects-9 hours current power equipment are given some 1. Safety and artifical respiration attention.Prerequisite: ER 185. 2. Wye and delta loads 3. Problem laboratory Labora- 4. Unbalanced loads Major Divisions Class tory hours hours DIVISION II. Transformers (Physical) I. Polyphase Systems Re- A. Units of instruction-3 hours view 4 9 II. Transformers (Physical) 1. Physical construction 3 3 a. Shell type III. Transformer Operational b. Core type Characteristics 9 16 c. Wound type IV. Three-Phase Transform- d. Coil arrangements ers 2 8 e. Insulation V. Special Transformers___ 7 6 f. Bushings VI. Alternators 12 12 2. Cooling of transformers, breathing of VII. Three-Phase Motors.._ _ 7 15 VIII. Three-Phase transformers Synchro- a. Method nous 2 3 (1) oil IX. Synchronous Converters 1 3 (2) air X. Single-Phase Motors__ _ 3 15 (3) fan XI. Minute Motors 1 12 (4) circulating water DIVISION I. Polyphase Systems Review (5) oil-heat interchanger b. Reservoir type A. Units of instruction-4 hours 3. Heating and loading 1. Three-phase generators a. Protecting methods a. Advantages b. Load limits b. Mechanical coil placement c. Automatic fans c. Phase angles d. C.S.P. 48 COURSE OUTLINES 49

4. Installation DIVISION V. Special Transformers a. Pole A. Units of instruction-7 hours b. Platform 1. Auto transformers c. Ground a. Use and dangers d. Underground b. Vector and efficiency B. Laboratory projects--3 hours c. KVA costs Transformer inspection 2. Tap changing transformers DIVISION III. Transformer OperationalCharac- a. Automatic teristics b. Manual A. Units of instruction-9 hours 3. Constant current transformers 1. Turn ratio, voltage ratio, currentratio a. Arc circuits a. Definitionof n b. Mechanical construction c. Electricalcharacteristic and dangers VI 12 b. 4. Instrument transformers V2II under a load, voltage a. Ratios 2. Transformer vectors b. Loading regulation, and efficiency. c. Types of currenttransformers a. Vectorconstruction d. Types of voltage transformers b. Interpreting results of vectors 5. Induction voltage regulators 3. Transformer testing a. Theory ofoperation a. Percentregulation b. Uses and installation b. Efficiency c. 1-phaseand 3-phase c. Heat rise d. Equivalent circuit B. Laboratory projects-6 hours 1. Auto transformer tests B. Laboratory projects-16hours construction and 1. Transformer ratiochecks 2. Inductionregulator 2. Heat rise of transformers performance 3. Transformer regulationby equivalent DIVISION VI. Alternators circuit A. Units of instruction-12hours DIVISION IV. Three-PhaseTransformers 1. Construction, rating,and cooling A. Units of instruction-2hours a. Solventand nonsolvent 1. Constructionanduseofthree-phase b. KW and KVA transformer c. Air andhydrogen a. Mechanicallayout 2. Generation wave shapes,and coil connec- b. Advantages tions 2. Three-phase banking oftransformers a. Non-sinusoidal waves a. Wye b. Short pitch and distributedwindings b. Delta c. Coil connections c. Auto 3. Armature reaction d. Wye-delta a. Currentin phase e. Delta-wye b. Lagging currents f. Open connections lightning protection c. Leading currents 3. Grounding practices, d. Effect of above a. Overheadstatic and arrestors and generator b. C.S.P. Transformers 4. Voltage regulation c. Grounding constants B. Laboratory projects-8hours a. Vectordiagram 1. Transformerpolarity b. Synchronous reactance 2. Three-phase connections c. Regulationand efficiency 50 ELECTRICAL TECHNOLOGY 5. Generator paralleling andparalleloper- ations B. LaboratoryProjects-15 hours a. Three methods of 1. Motor-speedtorque of : synchronizing a. Squirrel cage b. Effect ofexcitationon parallel operation b. Woundrotor c. Phase changers c. Effect of enginegovernor on parallel operation DIVISION VIII.Three-Phase SynchronousMotor B. Laboratoryprojects-12 hours A. Units ofinstruction-2 hours 1. Generatorwave shape and coil connections 1. Mechanicalconstruction 2. Generatorconstants 2. Characteristics ofoperation 3. Paralleling andparallel operationin- 3. Excitation andstarting duction B. Laboratoryprojects-3 hours DIVISION VII. Three-PhaseMotors Synchronous motorstarting andUr, A. Units ofinstruction curves 1. Motor principle(rotating field) DIVISION IX. SynchronousConverters a. Slip,rotorfrequency,androtor A. Units of instruction-1hour currents 1. Construction b. Vector theoryof rotation 2. Characteristics c. Tin can motors 3. Starting and voltageregulation 2. Inductionmotorconstructionstator B. Laboratoryprojects-3 hours slots Syncheonousconvertersstarting andop- a. Skew of slots eration b. Slot shape andeffect DIVISION X. Single-Phase c. Bearings Motors d. Stator windings A. Units ofInstruction-3 hours 1. Split-phase motors 3. Rotor currents,rotor torque, androtor frequency a. Construction anduses b. Electrical circuits 4. The squirrelcage motor principlesand characteristics c. Response curves andcost a. Construction 2. Capacitormotors b. Classes a. Theory c. Curves b. Capacitorstartcapacitorrunca- d. Applications pacitor sizes 5. Starting inductionmotors c. Response curves anduses a. Across line 3. Repulsionmotors b. Auto-transformers a. Mechanical construction c. Resistors b. Electricaltheory c. Response curves, 6. Double squirrelcage motors and char- cost, and use acteristics d. Repulsionstartinductionrun a. Mechanical details e. Repulsion startrepulsionrun 4. Universal b. Resistancevariation motors c. Starting currents a. Theory b. Curves and 7. Wound rotormotors and characteristics uses a. Mechanical details B. Laboratoryprojects: single phasemotors- 15 hours b. Resistancevariation c. Starting currents 1. Starting efficiency 2. Phase anglesor start 8. Starting efficienciesof differentmotors a. Code letters 3. Heat run b. Measuring 4. Speed torquecurves starting conditions 5. Phase changer COURSE OUTLINES 51 DIVISION XI. Minute Motors Texts and References A. Units of Instruction-1 hour Select one of the following books for a text. 1. Shaded pole motor Others may be used as possible references. a. Theory of operation BAILEY, B. F., and GAULT, J.S.,Alternating Current b. Costs and use Machinery.New York: McGraw-Hill Book CO. 2. Make and break motors BLUME, L.F.,Transformer Engineering.New York: a. Theory of operation John Wiley & Sons. DAWES, CHESTER L., A Course in Electrical Engineering b. Cost and use Vol. II.New York: McGraw-Hill Book CO. 3. Telechron clock motors KRAENHENBUEHL, JOHN 0., and FAUCETT, MAX A., a. Theory of operation Circuits and Machines inElectricalEngineering. b. Cost and use New York: John Wiley & Sons. REED, HENRY T., and CORCORAN, GEORGE F., Electrical 4. Single-phase synchronous Engineering Experiments.New York: John Wiley & (reluctance) motorsthe- Sons. ory of operation SEALEY, W. C., Transformers, Theory and Construction. Scranton, Pa.: International Textbook CO. B. Laboratory projects-12 hours SISKIND, CHARLES S.,Induction Motors.New York: 1. Minute motorefficiency tests and opera- McGraw-Hill Book CO. tion VEINOTT, CYRIL G., Fractional Horsepower Electric Motors. 2. Make-up-6 hours New York: McGraw-Hill Book CO. WOOD, W. S.,Theory of Electric Machines.London: Butterworth Scientific. E 272, ElectricalInstallation Planning

Hours Required c. Wiring in raceways Class, 2; Laboratory, d. Surface wiring 0 8. Branch circuits a. Computing number and size required Description b. Over-current protection c. Individual circuits Methods and materials usedin electrical in- 9. Feeders stallationsand problems encounteredin a. Computing size electricalconstruction work.Wiring ma- b. Over-current protection terials including those in theNational Electric 10. Services Code. a. Overhead Note: Althoughno laboratory is shown for b. Underground this instruction, it wouldbe desirable where c. Service entrance installations possible to inspect selectedexamples of in- 11. Load centers dustrial installations. 12. Adequate wiring 13. Special circuits Major Divisions 14. Finishing a. Running circuits Class hours b. Installing switches and outlets I. General Principles ofElectrical Wiring_18 c. Hanging fixtures II. Industrial WiringRequirements 16 15. Old Work DIVISION II. Industrial Wiring DIVISION I. General Principlesof Electrical Wir- Requirements- ing-18 hours 16 hours 1. Computing industrial loads 1. Codes and laws governingelectric installations 2. Making layouts for industrialbuildings a. Circuit layouts a. Local codes and laws b. Conduit layouts b. National Electric Code c. National Safety Code 3. Industrial lighting 4. Industrialpower circuits 2. Materials, fittings anddevices 3. Circuits 5. Special problems in wiring a. Power circuits a. Schools b. Switch circuits b. Stores c. Signal circuits c. Churches 4. Over-current protection d. Theaters and motion picturehouses 5. Conductors e. Office buildings a. Types f.Factories b. Sizes 6. Industrial motor installation c. Computing carrying capacity a. Motor circuits b. Metor control circuits d. Computing voltagedrop 6. Theory and practices of c. Grounding practices grounding 7. Hazardous locations 7. Wiring methods a. Class I a. Open wiring b. Class II b. Cable wiring c. Class III 52 COURSE OUTLINES 53 8. Estimating may be considered as possible reference books. a. Materials ABBOTT, A. L., National Electrical Code Handbook. New b. Labor York: McGraw-Hill Book CO. RITCHER) H. P., Practical Electrical Wiring.New York: Texts and References McGraw-Hill Book Co. UHL, DUNLAP, FLYNN) Interior Wiring andEstimating. (Residential and Industrial Publication) Chicago: Select one of the following asa text.Others American Technical Society. C 213, Chemistry and Applications in Electricity

Hours Required Labora- Class tory hours hours Class, 2; Laboratory, 3 XVI. Organic Compounds : Hydrocarbons and Description Their Derivatives___ 3 6 XVII. Organic Compounds : The course includes the basic principles of Polymers 3 6 chemistry and application of these principles in XVIII. Review 2 0 industrial processes.Sources of raw materi- DIVISION I. Fundamental Principles als useful in industry and the modification of these materials through changes in chem- A. Units of instruction-1 hour ical and physical properties are considered. 1. Definitions and descriptions of: matter, energy, chemical and physical changes, properties, density, compounds, elements, Major Divisions metals, nonmetals, atoms, molecules Labora- 2. Law of Definite Proportion and Law of Class tory Conservation of Matter and Energy hours hours 3. The metric system of measurement I. FundamentalPrinci- B. Laboratory projects-6 hours ples 1 6 1. Practice in measuring various objects II. The Atom: Its Struc- with metric rules, graduates, balances, ture and Behavior 2 3 and scales III. Oxygen: Speed of Re- 2. Density of water by use of Harvard trip action 1 3 scale and graduated cylinder IV. Foimulas and Equa- 3. Written laboratory report tions 1 0 V. Hydrogen 1 3 DivisioN II. The Atom: Its Structure and Be- VI. Valence 2 havior VII. Classification and No- A. Units of instruction-2 hours menclature of Com- 1. The Bohr concept of the atom with an pounds 2 3 evaluation of itsuses and limitation. VIII. Ionization 2 0 Emphasis on the role of the outer elec- IX. Electrochemistry 2 6 Irons and some explanation of radio X. Acids, Bases, and Salts, activity and nuclear energy Hydrogen Ion Con- 2. Electrovalent and covalent compounds centration 2 3 3. Valence: Molecular weights and formula XI. Kinetic Molecular The- weights ory and Statesof B. Laboratory projects-3 hours Matter 3 3 1. Use of triple beam balances and pipettes XII. Water and Solutions__ 1 0 in determining density. Use of hydrom- XIII. Metallurgy. Oxida- eters with different scales, i.e., specific tion and Reduction_ 3 6 gravity, Baume, API, etc. XIV. Metals: Iron, Cobalt, 2. Errors and percentage errors.Identifica- and Nickel 1 tion of metals from density determination XV. Carbon and Its Oxides._ 2 3 3. Written laboratory report 54 COURSEOUTLINES 55

DIVISION III. Oxygen: Speed of Reaction 2. Type reactions of acids, bases,salts, and oxides A. Units of instruction-1 hour 3. Naming of acids, bases,salts, and oxides 1. Properties, preparation, sources,and uses 2. Acid anhydrides and basicanhydrides B. Laboratory projects-3 hours 1. Measure conductivity ofsolution of acids, 3. Combustion as oxidation combustion bases, and salts of same concentration 4. Factors affecting rate of 2. Repeat at other concentrationsincluding B. Laboratory projects-3 hours dry or 100 percent concentrations and on 1. Stability of oxygen compounds,properties some covalentcompounds including water of oxygen and oxides equations for all 3. Determine conductivity of one or two 2. Written report including nonaqueous salt oracid solutions reactions 4. Determine effect on blue andred litmus DIVISION IV. Formulas and Equations and wide range pH paper A. Units of instruction-1 hour 5. Action on dried zinc,selected acids and 1. Discussion and drill onwriting formulas bases. Taste and feel of dilute acid, base, and equations and salt solutions. Written report 2. Various meanings offormulas and inter- DIVISION VIII. Ionization pretation of equations A. Units of instruction-2 hours 3. Percentage composition 1. Conduction in solution ofacids, bases, DIVISION V. Hydrogen salts and molten salts A. Units of instruction-1 hour 2. Colligative properties 1. Sources, properties, production,and uses 3. The Arrhenius ionizationtheory as ex- of hydrogen planation 2. Displacement anddisplacement series 4. Debye-Huckel modifications 3. Periodic table 5. Degrees of ionizations a. Classificationof elements 6. Neutralization and otherreactions in b. Physical and chemical behaviorof aqueous solutions elements as predicted from table DIVISION IX. Electrochemistry B. Laboratory projects-3 hours A. Units of instruction-2 hours 1. Examination of a greatvariety of metals 1. Electrolysis and nonmetals for physical andchemical 2. Faraday's laws propertiesincluding,wherepractical, 3. Voltaic cells color, lustre, hardness, ductility,density, 4. Electrode potentialsand relation to dis- conductivities, and state at room tem- placement series perature. 5. Dry cells 2. Determine acidity or basicity of water 6. Storage batteries solutions of oxides of various elements. 7. Electroplating Written report B. Laboratory projects-6 hours DIVISION VI. Valence 1. Electrolysis of water-copperelectrodes A. Units of instruction-2 hours 2. Electrolysis of cupricsulfate solution with 1. Relation of valence to atomic structure silver anode and iron cathode andwith 2. Use of valence in writing formulas carbon electrodes 3. Experimental determination of valence 3. Electrolysis of colorlesspotassium iodide 4. Electrovalence, covalence, coordinateval- solution containing phenolphthaleinwith ence. Drill and memorizationof valences carbon electrodes and formulas. 4. Chromium, nickel, and silverplating DIVISION VII. Classification and Nomenclatureof 5. Written report Compounds DIVISION X. Acids, Bases, and Salts,Hydrogen A. Units of instruction-2 hours Ion Concentration 1. Definitions and properties of acid,salts, A. Units of instruction-2 hours and oxides 1. Hydrogen ion concentration 56 ELECTRICAL TECHNOLOGY 2. Ionization of acids and importance of DIVISION XII. Water and Solutions water A. Units of instruction-1 hour 3. Polyprotic acids 1. Chemical properties of water hydrates 4. Ionization of bases 2. Solutions: types and classification 5. Strength of acids, and bases: molalities 3. Dissolving,saturation, unsaturation, and normalities supersaturation 6. Hydrogen ion concentration and pH scale 4. Temperature effects on dissolving of measurement 5. Solubilities B. Laboratory projects-3 hours 6. Concentrations 1. Determine pH of a number of acid, base, 7. Distillation and distillationcurves of salt solutions and a few natural products volatile mixtures such as saliva, vinegar, detergent solu- 8. Freezing points of so:utions tions, etc., by use of short range indicator DIVISION XIII. Metallurgy: Oxidation and Re- papers and by liquid indicator standards duction 2. Demonstrate use of glass electrode pH A. Units of instruction-3 hours meter 1. Bonding forces, physical properties 3. Calculate hydrogen ion concentration and 2. Alloys, simple phase diagrams hydroxyl ion concentration of selected 3. Occurrence solutions from pH determination 4. Minerals and ores, metallurgy 4. Written report 5. Chemical properties of metals DIVISION XI. Kinetic Molecular Theory and 6. Metal oxides and hydroxides States of Matter 7. Electrondefinitionofoxidation and A. Units of instruction-3 hours reduction 1. Gaseous states: pressure, pressure-volume B. Laboratory projects-6 hours relation,temperature-volume relations, 1. Laboratory on ore concentration by flota- diffusion, partial pressures tion 2. Kinetic theory applied to gases 2. Production of mercury by roasting cinna- 3. Liquefaction, critical points bar and heating oxide 4. Liquid states: evaporation, condensation, 3. Roasting and reduction of galena heat of vaporization and condensation, 4. Thermal decomposition of CuCO3 and re- boiling point, surface tension, viscosity, duction of CuO distillation 5. Essential parts and design of Bunsen 5. Kinetic theory applied to liquids burners, gas stove, welding torch 6. Solid state: freezing, melting, sublimation, 6. Determination of available temperatures, heat of fusion and how these are produced by changing 7. Crystalline and amorphous state activity and concentration of fuels and 8. Kinetic theory applied to solids supporters of combustion used B. Laboratory projects-3 hours 7. Products of combustion 1. Galvanic couple and effect on rate of 8. Examination of types of flames produced dissolving of acid on metal under various conditions 2. Make and observe simple dry cell and 9. Written report lead storage battery DIVISION XIV. Metals: Iron, Cobalt, and Nickel 3. Determination of equivalent weight of A. Units of instruction-1 hour copper by application of Faraday's law 1. Occurrence, metallurgy, properties of iron 4. Examine in detail an electric refrigerator 2. Steel production and properties identifying important mechanical parts 5. Use of tables in determination of suitable DIVISION XV. Carbon and Its Oxides refrigerant A. Units of instruction-2 hours 6. Interpretation of temperature pressure 1. Occurrence, forms, properties, uses curves 2. Coal, wood, oil, and gaseous fuels 7. Written report 3. Destructive distillation COURSE OUTLINES 57 4. Binary compounds especially carbon di- B. Laboratory projects-6 hours oxide and carbon monoxide 1. Separation of commercial lacquers into 5. Photosynthesis components by steam distillation 6. Flames 2. Examination of water solublesolvent B. Laboratory projects-3 hours through a boiling pointcurve 1. Perform destructive distillation on bitu- 3. Examination of water insoluble solvent minous coal and soft wood through a boiling pointcurve 2. Identify gaseous, liquid and solid fractions 4. Make lacquer from ingredients provided 3. Run proximate analysis on soft coal and use on test panel 4. Written report 5. Make test panels ofa sample of commer- DIVISION XVI. Organic Compounds : Hydrocar- cial lacquer bons and Their Derivatives 6. Test both panels for film hardness and A. Units of instruction-3 hours resistance to various solvents 1. Hydrocarbons, names and structures, 7. Written report sources, and properties of first ten alkanes, DIVISION XVIII. Review-2 hours nine alkynes, benzene, and toluene 2. Isomers, fractional distillation, thermal Texts and References cracking, catalytic cracking, alkylation and reforming Select one of the followingas a text.Others B. Laboratory projects-6 hours may be considered as possible reference books. 1. Fractional distillation of crude oil BADGER, WALTER T. and BANCHERO, JULIUS T.,Introduc- 2. Volatility, flash, and unsaturation tests on tion to Chemical Engineering.New York: McGraw- various fractions ,Hill Book CO. 3. Sweetening of crudes BENSON, SIDNEY W., Chemical Calculations.New York: 4. Nomenclature, structure, properties, uses, John Wiley & Sons. sources of sample alcohols, ether, alde- HOLMES, HENRY N., Introductory College Chemistry.New hydes, ketones, acids, amines, and halides York: The Macmillan CO, 5. Production of various types of plastics LEIGHTON, ROBERT B., Chemistry of Engineering Materials. 6. Examination of kboratory products and New York: McGraw-Hill Book CO. commercial sample for hardness, ductility, PRUTTON, CARL, and MARON, SAMUEL H., Fundamental reaction toward heat, and solubility in Principles of Physical Chemistry.New York: The various solvents Macmillan CO, DIVISION XVII. Organic Compounds Polymers SORUM, CLARENCE H., How To Solve General Chemistry Problems, second edition.Englewood Cliffs,N.J.: A. Units of instruction-3 hours Prentice-Hall Book Co. 1. Production, properties, reactions, nomen- SORUM, CLARENCE H., Fundamentals of General Chemistry. clature, uses Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall Book CO. 2. Fats, sugars, proteins, cellulose, rayon, WALTON, H. F., Elementary Quantitative Analyses.Engle- dacron,nylon,natural andartificial wood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall Book Co. rubbers and plastics

551292 0-60-5 COURSE OUTLMES: SECOND YEAR,FOURTH SEMESTER E 264, Industrial Electronics

Hours Required DIVISION II. Class, 3; Laboratory, 3 A. Electronic Timers-3 hours 1. Time delay circuits 2. Counting circuits Description 3. Industrial application B. Laboratory--3 hours Application of electronics to the control of Basic timing and time delay circuits power equipment.The basic circuits, control elements and hardware of controlsare DIVISION III. used to acquaint the student with circuitap- A. Thermonic Electronics-6 hours plications. The emphasis ison circuit theory 1. Induction heater hardware and operation, limiting variables, andre- 2. Induction heater circuits sponse characteristics of the typical incias- 3. Diathermy machines trial control equipment. 4. Electronic welder controls 5. Furnace controllers Major Divisions 6. Combustion controls Labora- 7. Electronic pyrometers Class tory B. Laboratory-3 hours hours hours 1. Circuit tracing diathermy or similar heat I. Feedback Circuits 3 3 devices II. Electronic Timers 3 3 2. Testing operation of flame failure mock- III. Thermonic Electronics_ 6 3 ups IV. Photoelectric Cell De- vices 6 6 DIVISION IV. V. Industrial Power Con- A. Photoelectric Cell Devices-6 hours version 3 3 1. Basic circuits VI. Electronic Controlled 2. Response curves of photo elements Power Machines 6 6 3. Photoelectric instruments and controllers VII. Electronic Heating Sys- 4. Photo cell counting tem Control 3 3 B. Laboratory-6 hours VIII. Transistors 6 12 1. Photoelectric cell response IX. Servomechanisms 15 15 2. Photoelectric cell controlled devices DIVISION V. DIVISION I. A. Industrial Power Conversion-3 hours A. Feedback Circuits-3 Hours 1. The thyratron and ignition tubes 1. Amplifier Responsecurves 2. Wave shapes and loading effects 2. Corrections with feedback 3. Phase shift control of rectifiers 3. Cathode followers B. Laboratory-3 hours B. Laboratory-3 hours A.C. to D.C. convertors using thyratron Simplified feedback amplifiers phase shift controls 58 COURSEOUTLINES 59 DIVISION VI. 2. Design a single-stagetransistor amplifier A. Electronic ControlledPower Machines-6 3. Assemblea single-stage transistor ampli- hours fier and test 1. Motor with fixed speedvariablespeed 4. Assemblea 3-stage transistor amplifier motor controllers DIVISION IX. 2. D.C. generator excitercontroller 3. D.C. motor electroniccontrollers A. Servomechanisms-15hours 4. A.C. motor speed controllers 1. Open- and closed-circuitprinciples with 5. A.C. motor reversingelectronics block diagrams 6. Slip-ring motor controllers 2. Problems of feedback;gain, timere- B. Laboratory-6 hours sponse, oscillations,error sensing 1. Electronic dragcup motor controller 3. Servo control of D.C.motors 2. Electronic control of slip-ringcontrollers 4. Servo control of A.C.motors 5. Mechanical DIVISION VII. servo units B. Laboratory-15hours A. Electronic Heating System Control-3 hours 1. Operational test ofheatingunitservo 1. Basic heat sensing elements 2. Operational test ofD.C. motorservo 2. On-off controllers and cycling controlled 3. Inside-outside controllers B. Laboratory-3 hours Basic heat system controller Texts and References DIVISION VIII. Select one of the followingas a text.Others A. Transistors-6 hours may be considered as possible referencebooks. 1. Transistor as element in electronics ARNETT, F. A., Practical IndustrialElectronics; New York: 2. Transistor types andcharacteristics McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc. 3. Transistor functions inamplifiers BENEDICT, R. RALPH, Introductionto Industrial Electronics. 4. The transistor amplifier Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-HallBook CO. 5.Response curves of transistoramplifiers COCKRELL, W. D., IndustrialElectronic Control.New 6. Transistorpower amplifiers York: McGraw-Hill Book CO. 7. Transistors in push-pull KLOEPPLER, ROYCE G., IndustrialElectronics and Con- B. Laboratory-12 hours trols.New York: John Wiley & Sons. 1. The transistor Learning Electric and ElectronicsExperimentally.Vin- constants cennes, Ind.: Scientific Book Co. E 274, Electrical ControlCircuits

Hours Required DIVISION I. Control Fundamentals Class, 3; Laboratory, 3 A. Units of instruction-3 hours 1. Nomenclature, symbols, and definitions 2. Pilot devices Description 3. Contactors and relays 4. Time delay methods The principles and applicationsof electrical B. Laboratory projects-3 hours controllers are covered in thiscourse, which DC contactors and their operationand serves as an introduction to automation. mechanical construction Devices for differentiation,integration and proportioning are studied in detail.Hard- DIVISION I.I. DC Acceleration and SpeedControl ware and circuitry for AC and DC industrial Methods control devices includingcontactors, starters, A. Units of instruction-3 hours speed controllers, time delays, limitswitches, 1. CEMF method and pilot devices. Applicationin the control 2. Lockout contactors of industrial equipment-motors,servo units, 3. Voltage drop contactors and motor-drivenactuators. Laboratory 4. Millticircuit timers demonstrations and field tripsare provided. 5. Motor-driver timers Prerequisite: E 215. 6. Capacitor discharge method 7. Face plate starters Major Divisions 8. Drum type controllers Labora- B. Laboratory projects-3 hours Class tory D.C. starting methods hours hours III. DC Control Gear I. Control Fundamentals_ 3 3 II. DC Accelerationand A. Units of instruction-3 hours Speed Control Meth- 1. Resistors ods a. Field discharge wire-wound Thyrite 3 3 b. Sizing resistors III. DC Control Gear 3 3 IV. Adjustable Voltage Con- 2. Field failure protection trollers 3. Reversing rotation 2 3 4. Plugging V. Two-Series Motor Drives.. 2 3 VI. Alternating Current Con- 5. Speed control by field resistors 6. Decelerating relay tactors and Relays___ 2 3 VII. ControlsforSlip-ring 7. Motor driven rheostats Motors 8. Amplidyne 3 3 B. Laboratory projects-3 hours VIII. Squirrel Cage Controls_ 3 3 IX. Single-Phase Motor Con- 1. DC Field protection 2. DC Speed control trollers 3 3 X. Various Controller De- DIVISION IV. Adjustable Voltage Controllers vices 3 3 A. Units of instruction-2 hours XI. Typical ControlledSys- 1. Basic systemsingle-motor controlled tems 24 21 2. Multiple motor controls 60 COURSEOUTLINES 61 Different 3. Synchronizing motordrives 4. Multiple speedcontrollers. B. Laboratory projects-3hours windings Adjustable voltage speed n.ontrolof a com- 5. Induction generators pound motor 6. Concatenation of rnotors B. Laboratory projects-3 hours DIVISION V. Two-Series MotorDrives 1. Induction generators A. Units of instruction-2hours 2. Induction motor starters 1. Basic system DIVISION IX. Single-Phase MotorControllers 2. Braking A. Units of instruction-3 hours 3. Lowering controllers controllers and arrange- methods 1. Capacitor motor 4. Transition ments of capacitors 5. Drum switching 2. Repulsion motors 6. Speed-torque curvesand calculations 3. Auto-transformercontroller B. Laboratory projects-3hours B. Laboratory projects-3hours 1. DC starters Single-phase motor starters and speed con- 2. Drum controllers trollers and Relays DIVISION VI. A.C. Contactors DIVISION X. Various ControllerDevices A. Units of instruction-2hours A. Units of instruction-3hours noise 1. Shading poles and 1. Feedback systems 2. Series relays a. Blockdiagram and error systems 3. Overload devices b. Troubles of feedback a. Magnetic (1) Gain b. Thermal (2) Oscillation 4. Phase failure 2. Basic sensing devices 5. Phase reversal a.Thermocouples B. Laboratory projects-3hours b. Tachometers Basic AC controllers and relays c.Differential transformers DIVISION VII. Controls forSlip-Ring Motors d. Photoelectric transformers and magnetic A. Units of instruction-3hours e. Saturable 1. Timing relaysoperated by starting de- amplifiers f.Electronic speed regulators vices hours 2. Inductive time delays B. Laboratory projects-3 3. Capacitor timedelays Basic sensing devices 4. Series relays DIVISION XI. TypicalControlled Systems 5. Face plate controller A. Units of instruction-24hours 6. Drum controllers 1. Photoelectriccontrolled systems 7. Frequency relays a. Measuringdevices 8. Calculations ofaccelerating time b. Alarm systems 9. Kraemer system c. Motoreddevices 10. Scherbin's system 2. Level controllers B. Laboratory projects-3hours a. Floatcontrollers AC slip-ring motor controller b. Magnetic coupledcontrollers DIVISION VIII. Squirrel CageControls c. Remotecontrolled 3. Temperaturecontrol systems A. Units of instruction-3hours con- 1. Auto-transformer starters a.Thermocouple potentiometer trollers a. Compensator potentiometer b. Korndorfer b. Contact galvanometer controller 2. Resistor starters controller 3. Part - windingstarters-wye-delta starters c.Resistance-thermometer 62 ELECTRICALTECHNOLOGY

4. Electrical control of fluid flow 8. Lighting controllers a. Electromagnetic valves and control a. Saluable reactors methods b. Servo-operators b. Motor drivenvalvesandcontrol c. Thyratron controllers methods B. Laboratory projects-21 hours c. Servo-motor controlledvalves and Laboratory projects will be determined by systems the selection of systems that are available d. Electronic controllers and systems for study.Wherever possible it is recom- 5. Electrical telemetering as a control system mended thatfieldtrips be taken and a. Variation of electrical quantities reported by the students. b. Null balance method c. Electrical synchronizing Texts and References d. Impulse selection 6. Electro-mechanical system Select one book from the following list fora a. Transducers as controllers text.Others may be used as references. b. Magnetic tape controllers L. Sequence switching controller HARWOOD, P.B.,Controlof ElectricMotors. New York: John Wiley dc Sons. 7. The amplidyne controlled system JONES, R. W., Electric Control Systems. New York: a. The amplidyne generator John Wiley dc Sons. b. Voltage regulation by the amplidyne JAMES, H. D., and MARKLE, L. E., Controllers for Electric c. Thermotrol motor controller Motors.New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co. E 284, Electrical Power Systems In -Plant Distribution (With Utility Systems Option)

Hours Required DivirsioN I. Power Plants A. Units of instruction-3 hours Class, 3; Laboratory, 3 1. Steam plants a. Mechanical layouts Description b. Growth history c. Location A study of the design, operation and technical d. Fuels details of modern power distribution systems e. Cost including ger -mating equipment, transmission 2. Hydraulic plants lines, plant distribution, and protection de- a. Mechanical components and types vices. System loadanalysis,rates, and b. Limiting factors power economics are studied. c. Operational features Note: The course outline is organized so that 3. Diesel plants a choice in emphasis between utility systems a. Mechanical aspects and plant distribution systems must be b. Economic uses made tostay withinthetimeallotted. c. Limiting features If the utility option is desired, the material d. Fuel choices in Division VI, Plant Distribution should be e. Locomotive uses eliminated or only briefly covered.If the 4. Gas turbine plants desire is concentration on Plant Distribution, a. Mechanical construction Division VII, VIII, and IX should be elimi- b. Economic uses nated or given only very brief survey cov- c. As topping units erage. d. Locomotive prime movers 5. Atomic plants Labora- a. Theory of operation Major Divisions Class tory b. Types of plants hours hours c. Future developments I. Power Plants 3 II. Plant Operation 4 DIVISION II. Plant Operation III. Switch Gear 6 A. Units of Instruction-4 hours IV. Circuit Breakers 4 1. Load graphs V. Short Circuit Currents 5 a. Types of graphs VI. Plant Distribution 9 3 (1) Daily VII. Transmission Lines_ _ _ 2 (2) Weekly VIII. Transmission Line Cal- (3) Monthly culations 6 (4) Yearly IX. Distribution Systems 4 b. Data and use of graphs X. Lightning Protection 2 (1) Demand XI. Relays 12 (2) Plant factors XII. Economics of Electric (3) Load factors Service 4 (4) Utilization factors 63 64 ELECTRICALTECHNOLOGY 2. D.C. generatorsas exciters a. Excitation circuits (4) Ganged switches b. Common exciters (5) Motor operatedswitches c. Unit exciters e. Switchyard arrangements d. Emergency units (1) Wooden structures (1) Steam driven (2) Steel structures (2) Gas driven (3) Pedestal-type installations (3) Batteries (4) Low voltage andhigh voltage 3. Common voltage regulators busses a. Silverstat (5) Operational proceduresand safety b. Rocking drum protection c. Diactor DxvisIoN IV. Circuit Breakers d. Amplidyne A. Units of instruction-4 e. Electronic hours 1. Operators for circuitbreakers 4. Plantelectrical layouts andcircuit breaker systems a. Gravity a. Single bussingle circuit breaker b. Spring loaded b. Double bussingle c. Pneumatic circuit breaker 2. Arc extinguishing methods c. Double busdouble circuitbreaker d. Ring bus system a. Blow out coils b. Oil immersed e. Low voltage and high voltage bus c. De-ion principle DIVISION III. Switch Gear d. Explosion chambers A. Units of instruction-6hours e. Air blast 1. Switch boards f.Oil blast a. Materialsslate, ebonite, steel 3. Contact detailson each of the following b. Mounting a. Butt contact c. Usual meters and relays b. Bayonet contact (1) Distribution c. Wedge contact (2) Generators d. Normal currentor arcing contact (3) Exciters 4. Mountings andoperators d. Wiring methods a. Vertical breakers of OCB (1) Wire types and sizes b. Horizontal breakers ofOCB (2) Procedure and colorcoding c. Types of operators (3) Circuitson board (1) Gravity 2. Switchgear and switchoperators (2) Spring a. Direct manual (3) Pneumatic b. Remote manual 5. Ratings and capacity (1) Arrangement andadjustment of a. Voltage rating rods and bell cranks b. KVA carrying (2) Circuit breakermounting methods c. Interrupting KVA (a) Racks d. Time element ofbreaking (b) Walls DIVISION V. Short CircuitCurrents (3) Trip circuits A. Units of instruction-5hours c. Electric remote switchgear 1. Nature of short circuits (1) Operationalenergy a. Types and frequency (2) Motors, solenoids,thrusters b. Transient currents (3) Pneumatic and air compressors c. Steady state short circuitcurrents d. Types of outdoorswitchgear d. Zero (1) By-pass switches sequence short circuit currents 2. Mathematics of shortcircuit currents (2) Disconnects a. Using the ohms reactance (3) Fused disconnects b. Using theper unit reactance COURSE OUTLINES 65

c. Using the percent reactance (2) Steel d. Data from curves (3) H frame 3. Limiting reactors (4) Gaying a. Mechanicalconstruction (5) Silver crossings b. Line reactors b. Conductors c. Generators reactors (1) Solid copper d. Grounding reactors (2) Stranded copper e. Groundingresistors (3) Copper weld 4. Sample problems on short circuiting (4) A.C.S.R. a. Single lines c. Hardware b. One generatorl-line (1) Pins c. System shorts (2) Insulators DIVISION VI. Plant Distribution (3) Lightning arrestors (4) Sectionizing switches A. Units of Instruction-9 hours (5) Grounding practice 1. Plant loads and lighting a. Plant loadgraphs DIVISION VIII. Transmission Line Calculations b. Grounding practices A. Units of instruction-6 hours c. Calculations ofload center 1. Economic size lines d. Motor and lighting power centers a. Yearly cost formula e. Circuitbreakers, fuses, and their co- (1) Costs of money ordination to plant loads (2) Costs of maintenance 1.Service entrances, conduit, channels, (3) Loss cost ducts, etc. b. Future development g. Voltage drops,their calculations using 2. Skin effect graphs a. Cause h. Capacitor switching b. Frenuency influence 2. Plant electrical maintenance c. Formula and application a. Plant electricalsafety 3. Lines reactance b. Voltage regulation a. Cause and effect c. Capacitorinstallation and calculations b. Formula for line reactance d. Electrical load surveys c. Application tospecific lines e. Plant electricalinspection 4. Line capacitance B. Laboratory projects-3 hours a. Cause and effect 1. Load center calculations and plant load b. Formula for line capacitance calculations c. Application tospecific lines 2. Various types of power entrance designs 5. Line calculations 3. Voltagedropcalculations,capacitor a. Definitionof short lines calculations and time control plan b. Loss and regulation using shortline DIVISION VII. Transmission Lines formulas A. Units of instruction-2 hours c. Use of curvesfor line regulation and 1. Location limitations loss a. Geographical d. Long line calculation b. Present and future loads (1) Using equivalent network c. Influence on present systems (2) Using artificial lines d. Economics (3) Line performance from graphs 2. Systems 6. Corona a. Voltage, KVA limitations a. Nature andeffect of corona b. Specific systems taken from industry b. Critical voltage formula 3. Construction details c. Pre-. entative means a. Poles 7. Line mechanics (1) Wooden a. Sag causes andline tension 66 ELECTRICALTECHNOLOGY

b. Methods of measuring sag e. Overhead static wires (1) Tape f. Cables (2) Sag boards DIVISION XI. Relays (3) Tension measurement (4) Timing reflected waves A. Units of instruction-12 hours c. Icing 1. Basic types (1) Geographical influence a. Time delay (2) Preventative means b. Instantaneous d. Transposition c. Inverse time (1) Practices 2. Basic induction relay (over current) (2) Influence on conductors a. Construction (3) Influence on adjacent circuits b. Circuits (4) Influence on telephone and fence c. Pickup current lines d. Lever setting 8. Stability 3. Over current protection of equipment a. Reasons for stability of systems a. Straight over current b. Factors that influence stability b. Directional over current c. Stability limiting factors c. Differential protection d. Stability improvement d. Percentage differential e. Backup protection and zones DivisioN IX. Distribution Systems f. Relay and fuse co-ordination A. Units of instruction-4 hours g. Thermal protection 1. Distribution systems h. Pilot wire a. Tree system i.Carrier current protection b. Feeder and main DIVISION XII. Economics of Electric Service c. Network d. Loop A. Units of instruction-4 hours e. Lines 1. Government regulations f. Arc circuits a. National 2. Underground b. State a. Economics and problems c. b. Ducts d.MonopolyCity nature c. Underground substations e. Government ownership d. Cables 2. Rate making 3. Distribution transformers a. Straight rates a. Types b. Block rates b. Protection c. Demand and energy charges c. Installation practices d. Lighting and power rates d. Loading e. Costs that influence rates e. Voltage regulation 3. Depreciation a. Functional DIVISION X. Lightning Protection b. Physical A. Units of instruction-2 hours c. Depreciation calculations and values 1. Nature of surges d. Forecasting depreciation a. Cause 4. Taxes b. Voltage amplitude a. Plant evaluation for tax purposes c. Current amplitude b. Average taxes and influence on costs d. Frequency 5. Factors influencing KWH costs 2. Grounding practices for protection a. Fuel a. Transformers b. Labor b. Lines c. Money costs c. Arrestors d. Superintendency d. Gaps e. Overhead COURSEOUTLINES 67 Laboratory Texts and References: The laboratory work consists of planning and Select one of the following books fora text. designing electrical installationsnot to be con- Others may be used as references. fused with construction or electrical machine design. Electrical World (monthly publication). New York: Mc- The projects are assigned for designing of Graw-Hill Book Co. a particular project.Selection of component KIMBARS, E. W., Electric Transmission of Power and equipment is made from catalog descriptions or Signals. EnglewoodCliffs, N.J.:Prentice-Hall from the study of a specific installation in service. Book Co. The design report should contain a complete draw- KNOWLTON, A. E., Standard Handbook for Electrical Engi- ing, necessary detail sheets, parts lists giving cat- neers.New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co. alog descriptions, number of units, manufacture, SKROTZKI, BERHARDT G. A., Electric GenerationDiesel and price, if available. Stations.New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co. .,Electric Generation Steam Stations.New York: This laboratory work may not lend itself to McGraw-Hill Book Co. close correlation of theory and laboratory time .,Electric Transmission and Distribution.New schedules.Availability of commercial installa- York: McGraw-Hill Book Co. TARBOUX, J. G., Electric Power Equipment.New York: tions for study will allow alternate projects.Some McGraw-Hill Book Co. suggested alternates are: Electrical ship propul- THUEBEN, H. G., Engineering Economics.Englewood sion; Diesel electric plant; Elevator controls, etc. Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall Book Co. E 294, Operating Problem Analysis

Hours Required DIVISIONI. Three-Phase MotorsSymptoms, Causes and Remedies Class, 2; Laboratory, 6 A. Units of instruction-6 hours 1. Induction Motors Description a. Grounds b. Short circuits A study is made of the proper procedures to c. Improper connection be used in testing for troubles of electrical d. Improper voltage systems and their correction.The methods e. Bearings used in setting up and supervisinga program f.Ventilation of preventive maintenance, trouble-shooting, g. Winding and insulation equipment receiving,data recording, and 2. Synchronous Motors. Troubles and cures cost accounting are also studied. DIVISION II. Single-Phase Motors A. Units of instruction-5 hours Major Divisions 1. Winding check Labora- Class tory a. Opens and shuts hours hours1 b. Insulation checking (hi-pot) I. Three-Phase Motors 2. Centrifugal switches Symptoms, C...ses, and a. Faults Remedies 6 b. Types II. Single-Phase Motors___ 5 3. Capacitors III. D. C. Machines 2 a. Sizing IV. TransformersTroubles b. Checking and Remedies 2 4. Brushes and Commutators V. Troubles of Air and Oil a. Care Circuit Breakers. 2 b. Regular maintenance VI. Operation, Maintenance, c. Repair and Troubles of Relays_ 2 5. Winding and insulation VII. IndustrialMotorControl_ 3 a. Winding methods VIII. Motor Specifications_ _ 1 b. Types of insulation

IX. Lightning Arrestors___ _ 1 6. Block testing a. Starting Torque X. Troubles of Regulators_ 1 b. Running Torque XI. Storage Battery Mainte- c. H. P. output nance 1 XII. Plant Power Factor Con- DIVISION III. Direct Current MachinesSymp- toms, Causes, and Remedies trol 2 XIII. Maintenance Scheduling_ A. Units of instruction-2 hours 2 1. Grounds and shorts XIV. Load Surveys 2 a. Checks XV. Plant Lubrication 2 b. Repair methods I See explanation of laboratory work at the end of this outline. c. Rewinding 68 69 COURSE

commutators 3. Operators 2. Brushes and loaded maintenance a. Spring a. Routine b. Gravity b. Rewinding procedure c.Pneumatic c. Brushhardness and fitting d. Under cutting DIVISION VI. Operation,Maintenance, and Trou- 3. Heating bles of Relays a. Causes A. Units ofinstruction-2 hours b. Checks 1. Adjustmentsand tests of inductionand c. Autoprotection instantaneous relays TransformersTrouble andReme- a.Adjustable elements DIVISION IV: b. Testing dies c.Repair A. Units ofinstruction-2 hours 2. Relay curves 1. Three-Phasebanks a.Connecting a. Loadchecking b. Interpreting results b. Bushing care 3. Relay connections c. Oilsampling a. Circuitrecoding d. Turns-ratiochecks b. Mechanical wiring 2. Spare transformers c.Trouble-shooting a. Properstorage 4. Use of phase-anglemeters and cycles b. Checking beforeenergizing counters 3. Overheating a. Theinstruments a. Causes b. Use of instruments b. Heat checks Motor Control c. AlarmMethods DIVISION VII. Industrial 4. Oil testing A. Units ofinstruction-3 hours a.Potential 1. Contactors and contacts b. Water a. Types c. Acidity b. Maintenance 5. Megger c. Repair a. Useof instrument 2. Noise and excessiveheating b. Proper M a. Cause c.Possible cures for lowreadings b. Correction 6. Hi-pot andturns-ratioing 3. Proper sequencetesting a.Instrument use a. The sequencecharts b. Proper values b. Locatingmalfunction parts c.Rewinding 4. Wiring diagramtrouble-shooting 7. Care andmaintenance DIVISION VIII. MotorSpecifications DIVISION V. TronolesofAir and Oil Circuit A. Units ofinstruction-1 hour Breakers 1. Frequency ofstarting determined by load instruction-2 hours a. As A. Units of b. As restrictedby supply 1. Blades and contacts 2. Voltages a. Types a.Commercial supply b. Arc tips b. Special applications c.Maintenance 3. Motorinstallations 2. Bushings a. Dryoperating conditions a. Dry b. Moistureproblems b. Oil filled c. Wetoperation c.Condenser 70 ELECTRICALTECHNOLOGY

4. Method of reduced voltage operation DIVISION XII. Plant Power Factor Control a. Tapped transformers A. Units of instruction.2 hours b. Resistor control 1. Checking c. Auto transformers 5. Motor loads a. Meters required and their use b. Proper procedures a. Steady conditions c. Interpreting and reporting results b. Variable loads 6. Inrush currents 2. Corrections a. Permissible conditions a. Static capacitors b. Troubles from abnormal conditions b. Dynamic capacitors c. Corrections for unsound conditions c. Synchronous devices 3. Economics DIVISION IX. Lightning Arrestors a. Cost accounting A. Units of instruction-1 hour b. Life estimates 1.. Types c. KWH cost a. Distribution type b. Transmission types DIVISION XIII. Maintenance Scheduling 2. Checks A. Units of instruction--2 hours a. Proper installation 1. Timing b. Proper breakdown a. Factors influencing timing inspections c. Proper applied voltage b. Scheduling with others 3. Troubles, and reasons for failures c. General practices a. F easons for failures 2. Maintenance costs 4. Testing a. Record keeping a. Meggohmer b. Down time costs b. Hi-pot c. Economics DIVISION X. Troubles of Regulators DIVISION XIV. Load Surveys A. Units of instruction-1 hour A. Units of instruction-2 hours 1. Maintenance 1. Survey procedures a. Routine checks b. Tear downs 2. Survey instruments 2. Trouble shooting a. Types of instruments a. Controllers b. Use of instruments b. Step type regulators 3. Reporting surveys c. Induction regulators a. Data b. Graphs and curves DIVISION XI. Storage Battery Maintenance c. Conclusions A. Units of instruction-1 hour 1. Testing different types DIVISION XV. Plant Lubrication a. Lead-lead acid A. Units of instruction-2 hours b. Edison cells 1. Lubrication grades c. Cadmium a. Viscosity 2. Charging methods b. Operating temperatures a. Controlled condition c. Base b. Automatic control 2. Lubrication for bearings c. Floating types a. Lubrication methods 3. Cleaning and maintenance b. Lubrication cooling a. Routine care 3. Chain drives b. Equalizing charge a. Proper lubricants c. Ventilation b. Lubrication methods COURSE OUTLINES 71 4. Treating and cleaning lubricating oil three-phase motor.The remainder of the a. Proper lubricants time is assigned on equipmentas available. b. Oil cleaners Laboratory organization is on an industrial c. De-acidifiers basis. The students function as cost account- 5. Inspection ants, estimators, supervisors, troubleshooters, a. Visual repairmen, etc.The laboratory instructor b. Acids tests functions as a consultant for thiscourse. c. Flash points tests Texts and References Laboratory Select one of the following books as a text. A study of the malfunctions of electrical Others may be used as references. equipment,propertestingtodetermine sources of trouble, and trouble-shooting pro- STAFFORD, H. E., Troubles of Electric Equipment.New cedures. In the laboratory the students work York: McGraw-Hill Book Co. JOHNSON, R. E., Electrical Construction Cost Manual. New individually on small equipment and in teams York: McGraw-Hill Book Co. on larger equipment. The students work on ROSENBERG, ROBERT, Electric Motor Repair. New York: "live" work as it comes into the lab.Each McGraw-Hill Book Co. student should wind one fractional horsepower Electric Construction and Maintenance (monthly peri- motor and assist with the rewinding of one odical). New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co. APPENDIXES APPENDIX A Sample InstructionalMaterials

Instructional material for electrical technologyshould recitation that demands an organized systematicapproach be designed to make the best possible useof available and leads to a logical conclusion.Its educational value laboratory equipment.Very little published material in goes well beyond the absorptionof facts and technical the form of workbooks or laboratory experimentsis avail- understanding.If properly used, it can promote straight communication able.Textbooks are obtainable for the classroom work thinking; it will strengthen the skills of but material for demonstration and projectwork must be and it can develop that most important of allmotivation experi- factors, personal pride. designed and prepared by instructional personnel report enced in the field of electrical technology.This material The form suggested for the formal laboratory should, in general, be designed to serve as aguide in the follows accepted practices of technicalreporting.It learning process. A significant amount of theconclusions should be made clear to the student that thedetailed student information in the report is equal in importanceto results and results to be obtained should be left to to illustrate resourcefulness. and conclusion. A sample report is included the value of careful marking and grading.

Typical Material for a Unit of Instruction Text and Reference Material A full-time technical instructional program gains great in this cur- Such The textbooks suggested for each course strengthfromcoordinatedlearningactivities. riculum represent a range of depth in themathematical activities include classroom instruction, directed study, treatment of the subject.The final selection of text demonstrations, examinations, problems, laboratory ex- materials will normally be made by those whoteach the periences, and reports. One of the basic steps of the learn- industrial method subject matter of the curriculum. Men with ing process is the attack. The multiple approach experience are prone to select those textbooksthat treat of attack is illustrated here by section 5 of E V5,Alternat- well the areas closest to their experience.Some instruc- ing Current Machinery. tors may lean too heavily on a text in order tosimplify and Classroom lecture outline standardize the instruction.Nevertheless, good textbooks Reading assignment and reference material are indispensablein formal class- Problem assignment room instruction. Laboratory projects In general, references should provideboth a simplified Examination exploration of the subject being studiedand an extensive treatment for special reports. Additional Instructional Material Sample Instruction Units Much of the work done in the laboratory can be designed to be completed within a single laboratory period of from Teaching Guide two to three hours. Two examples of this type of project E 215 Alternating CurrentMachinery are shown, namely "The SweepGenerator" and "Multi- meter Design and Construction."Instruction sheets for Topic:Special Transformers this type of exercise need not be detailed.Where only Lecture Time: Two 50 minute periods minimum instructions are given, the student will be re- Laboratory Time: Two 3 hour periods quired to participate in the planning of the projectan Quiz Time: 15 minutes effective teaching technique in advanced courses. Outside Study: 6 hours (minimum) Lecture Outlines Sample Laboratory Report LECTURE 1: Special Transformers The formal laboratory report is an extremely effective Reference: Dawes, Electrical Engineering,Vol. II, page part of the teaching and learning process.It is a form of 285, paragraph 170; page 299, paragraph177. 551292 0-60-6 73 74 APPII.NDIXES

I. Bailey & Gault, Alternating Current Machina%page (d) The current transformer usedfor potentia 28 -80, 52. isolation Standard electrical engineers handbook. (e) Dangers of opening currenttransformer Visual Aids: 1. Auto transformer usingone coil from (I)Meter scaling Crow demonstrator and lamp. (g) CT circuit and when to short circuit 2. Tap changing, use Varlac and tap changingfrom Part V. Induction voltage regulators salvagedistributiontransformer.Opaque pro- I. Theory of rotating secondary ooll jector for automatic tap changer study. 2. Need for voltage regulation equipment 8. Constant current transformer. 8. Connections and theory of regulators a. Opaque projector. (a) Three phase b. Crow demonstrator by moving secondaryup (b) One phase and down. (o) Amortisseur windings Part I. Auto transformers 4. Automatic rotating device andcontact making 1. Turns ratio to voltage coil voltmeter 2. As a step down voltage divider 5. Loads, KVA permitted, and protectionfor "no 8. Advantages of using auto transformers incoming voltage." (a) Low voltage ratio transformation Reading Assignment: Dawes, Electrical lingin.erring,vol. II, (b) Weight paragraphs 102-107. (o) Foundation requirements Bailey & Gault, Pages 57-78. (d) Efficiency Problem Assignment: Turn inanswers to questions 41, 42, 4. Danger of auto transformerson high ratio transfor- 43, and 44, page 661 of DAWN. Workproblem #885, mation. Dawes. 5. Power flow diagram 6. Vector diagram Laboratory I 7. Auto transformer as a step up transformer Part IL Tap changing transformers Topic: Auto transformers 1. Anti-short coils and circuit diagram Equipment Required: 2. Manual tap changers 1 standard two winding 440-220-110 volt transformer 8. Automatic controls 1 voltmeter 0-300 volts AC Part III. Constant current transformers 1 wattmeter 1. Street lighting circuits 1 ampere ammeter 2. Advantages of constant current series circuits Assorted lamps, lamp bases, and load resistors 3. Series circuit fuse gape in lamps Source 110 volt-220 volt power-00 cycles AC 4. Constructionandoperationalcharacteristicsof Reference: Dawes, "Electrical Engineering," paragraph 120, constant current transformers Pages 285-288 5. Dangers of series lighting circuits Procedure: Use only X1, X3; X3, and X4 of conventionaltwo Reading Assignment: Dawes,ElectricalEngineering, windings transformer as auto transformer.Caution H1, Vol. II, paragraph 178, 179, and 202.Bailey and H3; and H3, Ho, are at rated voltage during experiment.1 Gault, page 154. 1. Connect auto transformer as shown below and read Problem Assignment: Work problems No. 826 & 327, all voltages, currents, and watts. page 664, Dawes 2. Connect load of lamps (or resistor bank) to bring LICTURS 2:Special Transformer-(continued) transformer current to rated value.Record input Reference: See previous reading assignment watts, volts, amps, and output volt, and amps. Draw VisualAida:1.Instrument transformer. Opaque vectors and check calculated incoming line current projector using catalog material of installations with value on meter.Note discrepancies. 3. Connect step down 220-110 volts 2. Induction regulator.Opaque projectionof cross as shown and take section of induction regulator.Show automatic no-load readings. controls. 4. Load transformer with 110 volt bulbs (or resistance bank) to rated values. Record primary volts, amps, Part IV. Instrument Transformers output volts, and amps. Draw vectors. 1. Problems and dangers of high voltage metering Report: Formal report required. 2. The potential transformers Data: All vectors to be scaled and computed accurately. (a) Wound and capacitor types Compare vectors A to C and B to D.Compare no-load (b) Indoor and outdoor uses vectors. (o) Ratio of transformation Discussion: Cover theory of operation, advantages, and (d) Volt-ampere loading rating disadvantages of using auto transformers.Compare (e) Meter scaling, checking, and fusing cost as obtained from manufactors catalog.Compare 3. The current transformer installation cost if available.Compare freight costs. (a) Wound and through types Time: Report due 1 week from date of experiment. (b) Indoor and outdoor uses (c) Ratio of currents 1 See Figure 1. APPSNDIXICS 75

Record charging no y current data: Volts X2 0 Amperes X3 a d Watts... Power factor Xq P.F. angle °lag LX4 Draw vector

EQUIPMENT FOR EXPERIMENT AUTO TRANSFORMER'S LABORATORY I Laboratory II 2. Energise and measure voltages for volts, output volts, and induced volts.Draw vector diagram for three Topic: Induction Regulator readings.Plot complete curve of output volts by degrees rotation. Equipment Required: 3. Sketch cross section of regulator and indicate parts. 1 induction voltage regulator (May use manufacturers' literature.) 1 A.C. voltmeter 4. Compare difference of theory of operation of 1 phase Source of proper power supply and 3 phase regulators. Reference: Dawes, Electrical Engineering, Vol. II, pages 858 and 359. 5. From reference material submit a circuit diagram of Standard Electrical Engineering Handbook. electrical controls of a regulator, with an explanation Blumee, Transformer Engineering. of its operation. Procedure: 6. Submit all results in an informal report one week 1. Examine equipment.Rotate 180° and check me- from date of experiment. chanical movement.

Record values and draw vectors: Volts Amperes 220V 01:w Watts Power factor P.F. angle °lag

EQUIPMENTFOREXPERIMENTLABORATORY II Examination Covering Part IV meters. Determine the groper meter multipliers and shunts to be used for voltmeter, ammeter, wattmeter, Time: 25 Minutes and kilowatt hour meter.The maximum load to be 150 KVA. 1. Three systems incorporating autotransformers may be 3. An induction regulator is rated at 10% buck or boost, used to supply 120 volt services to a customer from a 2400 volts, single phase and for 100 KVA load.Neg- 2400 volt supply.From an engineering viewpoint, lecting charging current and losses, draw a schematic discuss these three systems. diagram showing amplitude of all currents when sec- 2. A customer is purchasing 2400 volt three phase delta ondary voltage is 2400 volts and regulator is in full connected power using conventional 120 volt-5 ampere boost position. 76 APPRINDUCZB (A) (B) (C)

DIAGRAM FOR EXAMINATIONCOVERING PART IV Sample Instruction Sheets Practical Procedure: Step 1. Connect the circuitas shown below. E 264, Electronics Step S. Use the oscilloscope and recordthe input pulses Topic: The Sweep Generator and the output waveforms with the switchon each of the different capacitor values.(Set the bias pot on about Equipment: mid-position.) Trainer, Sweep Generator Step 8. Change the circuit valuesas shown in the table Oscilloscope below and complete the chart. Power Supply Step 4. On a separate sheet ofpaper, explain in your own Varlet) words the complete step by step operation ofthe sawtooth 20 Volt DC Source generator circuit.

Pulse add generator. #4. I ( (51 T Ti1 Scope Power 20v supply V

SWEEP GENERATOR DIAGRAM APPENDIXES 77

EIN 01

E. 1

WAVEFORM CHART

Reference: Electronic Test Instruments by Turner. Equipment: Meter Movement; Variable PowerSupply; Necessary switches and resistors (depending ondesign). Element Effect on Effect on Effect on Wave Practical Procedure: Varied Amplitude Linearity Duration Shape Step 1. Measure resistance of meter. Connect the circuit as shown below, but before power is applied, be absolutely sure that the power supply isturned RI IS down to zero.With R2 potentiometer disconnected, apply increased power to the circuit and bring upthe voltage very slowly. Adjust the supply and potentiometer R1 for exactlyfull scale deflection of the meter. C is Now connect the potentiometer R2 across the meterand increased adjust R2 until the meter reads exactly half scale.Remove R2 being careful not to disturb its setting.Measure the value of R2 on a bridge. Enis Step 2. On a separate sheet of paper, designvoltmeter increased scales of 1, 10, and 100 volts, or 3, 30, and 300volts. Step 3. Using, this meter movement, check outfrom stock the values of resistances needed and connect ameter Negative with the voltage scales calculated.See your instructor bias is values. increased for details on constructing special resistance Step .4, Check the calibration of the meter scalefor these Amplitude voltage ranges.Plot a calibration curve.Designate of input multipliers to be used with the meter scale. signal is Step 5. Calculate the value of shunt resistance necessary increased for ammeter scales of 10 Ma. and 100 Ma. or 3Ma. and 30 Ma. WAVEFORM CHART Step 6. Check out from stock the values ofresistance needed and construct these ranges in the meter. E 213, Instruments and Measurements Step 7. Check the calibration of the meter scale forthese Ma. ranges.Plot a calibration curve.Designate multi- Title: Multiineter Design and Construction pliers to be used with the meter scale. Object: To design, construct, and calibrate a multimeter Step 8. Submit all calculations and drawings offinished with voltage and current scales. design in report form. 78 APPENDIXES

Meter Resistance.

VARIABLE

POWER 200 K 50 K

110 SUPPLY 60~ R

CIRCUITFOR EXPERIMENT, MULTIMETER DESIGN ANDCONSTRUCTION E 264, Electronics (Industrial) Questions: Topic: Filter Circuits 1. Indicate by diagram how you wouldconnect coils and condensers to makea "r"-type low-pass filter. Object: To studythe frequencyresponse of various filter 2. Indicate by circuits. diagram howyou would connect coils and condensers tomake a "T"-type Discussion: Take notes high-pass filter. on lecture by instructor. 3. What class of filterwould youuse to separate an r.f. Apparatus: Connect component at 3,500 km the filtercircuits as shown.To from an a.f. componentat supply e. use theaudio oscillator 5,000 cycles? with a 400-ohm resistor 600-ohm terminals 4. What class of shunted across them.Use the filter wouldyou employ to separatea vacuum-tube voltmeterto measuree..Run through zero frequency (d.c.)component from a numberof a.c. the frequencyrange to determine at what components? greatest frequency the 5. Show by e.occurs.At this frequency a diagram how a low-pass7-type filter, with magnitude of adjust the e. so that e. is 10° volts.For each of the cutoff frequency of3,000 cycles, couldbe combined filters sketch thecurve showing how with a high-pass 7-type,with cutoff of 2,000 frequency is varied e, varics as the cycles to from 100 cps to 15,000cps. pass a band of frequenciesapproximately 1,000 cycles Report: Submit thesketches of e° wide.Explain why the effectis "band-pass." vs. frequency for each 6. Show by the filter shown.Submitanswers to the questions. use of a diagram howa low-pass T-type filter and a high-passT-type could be connectedto A. Low PassFilter 10 9 25K 8

7 6 5 es e04 .01 3 mfd 2

1 0 100 200 500 1K 2K 5K 10K 15K FREQ CPS APPENDIXES 79

Be High Pass Filter 10 9 .01 8 mfd 7

6 5 4 es K eo 3 2

1 0 5K 10K 15K 103 200 500 1K 2K FREQ CPS

10 C. Low Pass Filter 9 8 7 Choke 6 5 4 es 100K eo 3 2

1 5K 10K 15K 100 200 500 1K 2K FREQ CPS

10 D. High Pass Filter 9

100 K 8 7 6 5

200 500 1K 2K 5K 10K 15K FREQ CPS 80 APPENDIXES

E. Band Pass Filter 10 9 8

7 Choke 6 5

es e04 .001 3 2

100 200 500 1K 2K 5K 10K 15K FREQ CPS

F. Low Pass IC Filter with Load10 9 8

7 6 5 4 3 2

1 0 100 200 500 1K 2K 5K 10K 15K FREQ CPS

G. Band Suppression Filter 10 9 Choke 8

7 6 5 4 3 2

1 0 100 200 500 1K 2K 5K 10K 15K FREQ- CPS APPENDIXES 81

H. Band Suppression Filter 10 Pi Section 9 Choke 8 7 6

CD 5 0 0 .0 es C.) ec,4 3 2

1 0 100 200 500 1K 2K 5K 10K 15K FREQ CPS

I. High Pass Filter 6 (Cl =.01 5

3 R2= R3= 100 K 30 K 2

0 100 200 500 1K 2K 5K 10K 15K f

J. Low Pass Filter 6

3 R2= R3= 100 K 30 K `C = 2 .004 1

0 100 200 500 1K 2K 5K 10K 15K f 82 APPENDIXES K. Composite Filter 6 C1=.01 5

0 100 200 500 1K 2K 5K 10K 15K f eliminate a band of frequencies from 1,500cycles to 10. What would be the effect of reducing theresistance of 2,000 cycles but pass all other frequencies from100 to the filter choke in filter "G" toa very low value? 5,000 cycles.Indicate the approximate cutoff fre- 11. Across which element in filter "K" dothe very low quency of each type and explain the operation. frequencies appear? 7. When is more thanone filter section required?(Be 12. Across which element in filter "k" dothe very high specific.) frequencies appear? 8. If one filter section provides an attenuation of 60-to-1 13. If it is desired to obtainmore voltage at the very low of an undesired voltage, how muchattenuation will frequencies in filter "K", which element should be two similar filter sections provide? increased or decreased? 9. By the use of a diagram show howyou would connect 14. If it is desired to obtainmore voltage at the very high resistors and condensers to separatea zero frequency frequencies in filter "K", which element should be (d.c.) component, a 5,000 cycle component,and a 1,000 increased or decreaied?(Be specific.) KC component. Suggested Standards for LaboratoryReport Writing General Characteristics 6. Assemble the sheets in the order given in the following report outline. Submit the material ina standard Tests of equipment are usually summarizedin the form report folder with the brads inserted through the back of reports.In most cases these reportsare submitted to cover only, with the heads on the outside. those who have not been actively engaged inthe tests; hence the reports must be clear and conciseenough to Report Outline leave no doubt concerning the methodof test and the interpretation of the results. The material should be arranged in the following order: The report should be written in thepast tense and in the I. Title Page third person.It should be impersonal throughout, per- II. Introduction sonal pronouns being avoided. Thereport must be complete in itself so that itcan be followed by a reader without III. Method of Investigation extensive knowledge of the test underconsideration. A A. Procedure good report is thorough, orderly,neat, and grammatically B. Circuit diagrams correct. IV. Results A. Data Specifications 1. Nameplate data of equipment 2. Observed and calculated data 1. Write with ink or B. Sample calculations use a typewriter. C. Curves 2. Use x 11 inch paper.(Ruled paper for hand- writing). V. Analysis of Results 3. Write on one side of thepaper only. VI. Questions 4. Draw all illustrations, circuitdiagrams, and curves (Not more than one of the above six divisions should neatly and carefully. be included on a single page.Omit Roman num- 5. Letter or type all informationon drawings, circuit erals.) diagrams, and curves. Do not mixlettering styles. APPENDIXES 83

Discussion of Report Outline C. Curves.All curve sheets should conform to the following specifications: I. Title Page 1. Use "twenty to the inch" coordinate paper, On this page should appear the name of the school, 83x 11 inches for rectangular plots. the course number and title, the date performed, 2. Plot in the first quadrant where only one the date submitted, the name of the student re- quadrant is needed. porting, and the name of co-worker or co-workers. 3. In general, make the axes intersect within This page may be omitted if the form printed on the sectioned part of the paper.Leave the the report folder includes these items. curve sheet margins blank. II. Introduction 4. Plot the independent variable as abscissa The introduction should be a concise statement and the dependent variable as ordinate. setting forth the aim and scope of the investigation. 5. In general, start the scale of the dependent variable but not necessarily the scale of III. Method of Investigation the independent variable, at zero. A. Procedure.In this section a general description 6. Choose scales that are easy to use and that of the procedure should be given.It should be do not allow points to be plotted to a comprehensive but brief.The enumeration and greater accuracy than that justified by the detaileddescriptionofroutinemechanical accuracy of the data. operations and their sequencesuch as closing 7. Indicate points plotted from data by visible switches, reading instruments, turning knobs, dots or very small circles. and so forth, should in general be avoided. However, when a specific method of mechanical 8. Draw a smooth average curve through the operation is necessary to assure the validity or plotted points except in cases in which dis- accuracy of the test data, it is important that continuities are known to exist.Use a the essential details be included in the descrip- French curve in drawing the curves. tion. 9. Place a title containing all pertinent infor- The title B. Circuit Diagrams.Each diagram should have mation on each curve sheet. a figure number, and should be referred to inthe should be lettered or typed.Label the axes text material by that number.Each figure and show the units in which they are should have a descriptive title.Small diagrams marked. may be included in the body of the description, 10. Draw only related curves on the same sheet. or several may be drawn on one separate sheet 11. Insert curve sheets in the report so that they if the result is not crowded.Standard symbols can be read from the bottom or right side. should be used. 12. Use ink for everything on the sheet except IV. Results the curves themselves; these should be A. Data.The first item under results should be drawn with a colored pencil. the nameplate dataor equivalent identifica- V. Analysis of Results tionof the apparatus tested.The original observed data and the calculated data should The analysis of results is the most important sec- be presented in tabular form.If the observed tion of the report.As the name implies, it should data require corrections, these should be made be a complete discussion of the results obtained. beforetabulation.Instrumentidentification Part of the discussion should deal with the accuracy numbers and ranges need not be copies from or reliability of the results.It is suggested, where the original laboratory data sheet. applicable, that this section consist of a careful treatment of the effect on the results of the follow- B. Sample Calculations.This section should con- ing: sist of a sample of a complete calculation of each type involved in the determination of (1) Errors resulting from the necessity of neglecting calculated data and the solution of problems. certain factors because of physical limitations When a succession of calculations is required in the performance of the test, (2) errors in in order to reach a final result, the same set manipulation, (3) errors in observation, and of observed data should be used in carrying (4) errors in instruments. through thesuccessivesamplecalculations, A very important part of the discussion should be a i.e., the same sample figures that are selected comparison of the results obtained with those from a data column should be used in all calcu- which would reasonably have been expected from lations involving that set of data a consideration of the theory involved in the problem.Whenever the theory is apparentlycon- tradicted, the probable Any original conclusionsdrawn as aconsequence of reasons should be discussed. the laboratory procedure When results are given in and a study of theresults graphical forms ascurves, obtained should be includedin this section. the shape of eachcurve should be carefullyex- plained.Such an explanation VI. Questions should state the In this section shouldbe included causes for the particular shape thecurve may have. answers to any questions which are givenas a part of the test.

Sample LaboratoryReport

Experiment No. 4 4. Triple the seriesresistance and repeat part 3. 5. Correct data to ER 185, Time VaryingCircuits reading that would havebeen received from a constant100-volt source. Topic: Series Resonance Report: References: 1. Plot oncurve sheet one as a function offrequency Dawes, Chester L., ElectricalEngineering, Volume II the values of Ve, V, , Vc, and V1, and I obtained in Fitch and Potter, Theory of A. C. Circuits part 3.Indicate the resonantfrequency. Morecock, Earle M., Alternating Current Circuits 2. Plot data taken inpart 4 versus frequencyas before. Object: (Curve sheet 2.) To investigate theproperties of a series circuit 3. From bridge measurementsof the circuit elements, when calculate the Q and the resonance is obtained by varyingthe frequency of the pass bands for the two circuits input voltage. in parts 3 and 4. 4. Calculate thepower factor from meter readingsfor Procedure: each step as P/VI. 1. Connect a resistor of 40 ohms, a coil of about76 mh., 5. On curve sheet 3, plotthe currents in parts 3 and4 and a capacitor ofabout 1 of in series.Check the versusfrequency.Indicate on actual values of C and thisgraphthe L on the bridge anduse values resonant frequency, the calculatedpass band, and such that the resonantfrequency will be between the experimental half-power and 950 c.p.s. 850 points from I. exp. X .707.Also, plot on thissame graph the calculated 2. Connect meters in the above circuit to readVg, Vc, power factors from part 4 immediately VL, VI?, and P. above. Questions: 3. Beginning at 60 c.p.s., and with an impressedvoltage 1. Compare intelligently of 50 volts, takereadings of all of theitems in part the experimental half-power 2 at steps of 100c.p.s. except for frequencies within points and the calculatedpass band.Explain the 100 c.p.s. on eitherside of the resonant power factor curve.Which side ofresonance is frequency, leading power factorand which is lagging? and within thisrange take readings in stepsof 25 c.p.s., or less, to clearly define 2. Explain, and verifyby formulas, the relative posi- the peaks. tions of the peaks of 84 VV, VL, VI?, and I. APPENDIXES 85

ELECTRICAL TECHNOLOGY

THE TECHNICAL INSTITUTE

Course ER - 185

TIME VARYINGCIRCUITS

Experiment No. 4

series circuit when resonanceis Title: The properties of a obtained by varyingthe frequency of theinput voltage

Date.ii./.41.4." Name.. 86 APPENDIXES Introduction:

It has been shown that theinductivereactance of a circuit varies directlyas the frequency and that the capacitivereactance varies inverselyas the frequency. That is, theinductivereactance will increaseand the capactiive reactance will decreaseas the

frequency isincreased and viceversa.

The objectiveof this experiment is to show thatfor any value of inductanceand capacitance in a circuit,there isa frequency at whichthe inductive reactance and thecapacitive reactance are equal. This is called resonant frequencyof the circuit. At the resonant frequency ofa series circuit,the resistance is theonly circuit component that limitsthe flow of current, for thenet reactance of the circuit iszero. Thus the current is in phasewith the applied voltage whichresults ina circuitpower factor of 100per cent. APPENDIXES 87 Procedure:

A resistor of 40 ohms was connected in series witha coil of approximately 30 millihenrys anda capacitor of luf. The values of

C and L were selected in order that resonant frequency wouldoccur about 900 cycles per second and actual values checkedon the bridge.

A 0-2 ammeter, 0-150 voltmeter, 0-150 wattmeter and a frequency changer

0-1500 cycles were connected in the circuit as indicated in the diagram below. Readings of Vt, Vc, VL, It, and P were taken at different frequencies ranging from 60 to 1100 cycles. This procedure was repeated with a 120 ohm resistor replacing the 40 ohm resistor in the circuit and the data corrected for a constant 100 volt source. From the data obtained, computations for the power factor, Q, and pass bands were made and curves plotted showing resonant frequency, calculated pass band and half-power points.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM 0-NMV

o-krof

0-110V APPENDIXES CALCULATED AND TABULATED DATA

NO. 4. POWER FACTORS FROM METER READINGS

R 120 Ohms

F. P.F. 2 X P.F. F. P.F. 2 X P.F.

60 .0 .0 60 .0 .0

200 .0 .0 200 .106 .212

400 .075 .15 300 .12 .24

500 .11 .22 400 .083 .166

600 .173 .346 500 .254 .508

700 .252 .504 600 .342 .684

800 .38 .76 700 .42 .84

830 .43 .86 800 .464 .928

850 .48 .96 825 .463 .926

875 .48 .96 850 .48 .96

900 .475 .95 875 .488 .976

925 .438 .876 900 .474 .948

950 .41 .82 950 .472 .944

1000 .337 .674 1000 .464 .928

1100 .356 .712 1100 .42 .84 APPENDIXES 89

EXPERIMENT NO.4. SERIES RESONANT CIRCUIT

100 VOLTS INPUT.

1.03 uf. R40 Ohms L. 29.5 mh. C

VR Pw F. Vt Vc VL It 0 .040 0 00 100 100 0

4.5 5 .135 0 200 100 104 .2 1.5 400 100 108 10 8

23 .5 5.5 500 100 145 51 .72 12.5 600 100 177 84 33

50 1.11 28.8 700 100 236 141;4 74.9 1.66 63.6 800 100 331 253 1.82 78.2 830 100 325 286 81.8 1.9 91 850 100 334 314 85.8 1.95 93.8 875 100 330 342 87.5 1.91 91 900 100 314 338 83.4 1.78 78 925 100 278 327 78 72 1.6 65.5 950 100 246 304 57.4 1.31 44.2 1000 100 187 259 63.2 1.38 49.2 1100 100 202 274

551292 0-60---7 90 APPENDIXES EXPERIMENT NO. 4. SERIES RESONANT CIRCUIT

DATA CORRECTED TO 100VOLTS INPUT.

R 120 ohms L 29.5 mh. C 1.03 uf.

F. Vt VL Vc VR It Pw

60 100 0 100 4.5 .039 0 200 100 4 103 17 .141 1.5

300 100 10 107.5 26 .209 2.5

400 100 22 115 37 .3 2.5

500 100 38 126 56.6 .42 10.65 600 100 59.4 134.8 73.2 .545 18.6 700 100 88 139.6 87 .653 27.5

800 100 114 135 95 .725 33.6 825 100 117 134 95 .735 34 850 100 125 130 97 .75 36

875 100 130 125 96 .74 36 900 100 132 125 97 .74 35 950 100 138 114 94 .72 34

1000 100 140 101 89 .69 32 1100 100 140 82 80 .62 26 APPENDIXES 91 DATASHEET 0? #4 ER-I85 GRottP3 =4-011- Ve VI. VA It Pr/ 60 loo lea 0 0 40sv4. 0 300 /64 so /3lius*. O lie 4 400 106 16, 10 t .2 1 6° 10-0 96 139 49 22 4k e SOD boo 177 r4 33 72 /2.3' 70Q 72 170 1 a Z 34 8" /5' SOO 4-7 144 119 J.5' 7:" 14. 830 44i 143 124 34 /1 850 42 146 132 34 k Id trff 4-0 13R 137 35 079 1, 900 42 122 14.1 31401 14 921 +5' 1 2 5' 147 31 p 16 910 3°0 123 112 34 r U.S 1060 41 t114 1 /fr34 8' /6 1100 $7 liris% 36 '71 /6

66.1 -hot 0 /ix 1 4-4 40In4.

20b 100 4 103 /7 I /41 1.1 _300 0 1017.3'2G 2092.3' 440 1 0-0 22 lir 37 . 3 ,,i 300 92 a4r 114 a 39 /

600/0/ to la4 74- lir 1 19 700/61 89 146 srt 21 800 /0,7 1/i13r 97 743 sag 100 117 134- 91-73134 8'10 100 125' 130 97 '71at 875' boo lab /2.6° 94 .74- 36 900 100 132 121 97 74-3tr

Aro /0-e /3,8 /11. 94 I -74? 34t- .49 1006 10 0 140 10/ 81 1100 loo 144 t.7 90 144 24 1 4,1:2144C = 'bop 92 APPENDIXES Sample Calculations (Correcting to 100 Volta Input) hetR = ex, Ralell;ve And...ttriCoyreeted

Sep"- fileade Re it"Z;Read

YeR V,cR VRAL 2+4 Va Vt.c YRS.

C01 ethersk;*,76° CYc lees Re44/1"844 /70 06 = 72 tro /1/ /06 "6 ?4/. 4 .---

_72.2 ,r2o0 pc 1100A /0000

ref ne/synoPow?Fifties,/

Fo't70ocycles f..' 28iit=.2,r2 Yi oven) hAue hefts so udAt 4001d TAis P F, wasJi" RF=4.5"2X 2 APPBNDIXES 93 No. 5. Experimental Half-Power Points gistMe 404, Ceree 74

1m =/- 91' A, Hall. Raw ILO =imirX .747

is=/,a th.

ige/20.n. Ova'

n, = 74' A

Hey awl aid' Ln X .7617 ext.

=77, X 6747 94 APPENDIXES No. 5. Calculated and Experimental PassBands Fr4#9 C / y e treqi.

fh,4471. -iietrek,

- 4u) = /06 .olizes 2

FrI 20 -n- ccot

.42 8 6 Sni

e w 3 2 -Li

(1),:::-.865 -324-

412=866-* 324. APPENDIXES 95 No. 3. Calculations for Q and Pass Bands Pass and Fey,- 40 CIreCiit

(-1)214 /O`

S.740 Rad13; Sec, "921- Cy ciesPet Sec.

W7n

= 1/4574 o 5-9 = t.5 679

= 0 6 2 Roil Pe,Sec.

Cy cies PerSec.

W = 281,

J7401-678 64/8 Roc/ Ri Sec. ---- /020Cycies14 Sec. Check hew =

=MO 2/2(He 4,s e413 JO b z = /356 41. 96 APPENDIXES No 3. Calculations for Q and Pass Bands Q0F ri escirckifWhen

R 40 C/05/14-

**IMMO Se

oo f- ,5e.) r CirCai w hCri APPENDIXES 97 No. 3, Calculations for Qand Pass Bands bafid Fisr

.5 7 O24 -0- 37/o( acil/cr gee,

yo 1-79)-5ec,

.2.74o +. #2.436

17 7 6 /rod Pe r..5.e,c. ! ,k3f Cy cie) fey fec, 77) cAeck zAkt/ 142 z" 7270-37/0 -:74toguiretA.-44gle.A6 98 APPENDIXES

No. 5. Experimental Half-PowerPoints r 40 ---"L" C r C- "

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MMMMMMMMI- 2r M 'A.: NIMBUSI' MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMIV . torior:nra al MI If A ME AI I MAP En IMF I MMMMM NIIIIMENNNENNINNIA MMMMMMMMMM I I MMMMM a 1f...i El MMM I MIMMUMMM MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM ENMENNEINN N MMMMMMMMMMMMM IMENNINNMINN MMMMMMMM MMMMM NE NNIMMININNENNIMINNENNUNINNEJNENN MMMMM NEIN III. MMMMM ENNWIENEE MMMMM IN MMMMM I MMMMM MEN MMMMM IMINNINIMENN MMMMM IN MMMMM NON i ENNINKIMINEMINENNINIMINNEENNENEENNIMINEI MMMMMMMMMMMMM NNENNE AMAMMSAEM. 111/ MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM MENNE MMI MOW WAN MMMMM mummonne MINXMMMM MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 102 APPENDIXES NO. 6. COMPARING THE EXPERIMENTALHALF-POWER POINTS

AND CALCULATED PASSBANDS

A series circuit allowsmore current to flowas the input voltage nears the resonant frequency. Thus over arange of

frequencies nearresonance it allows morecurrent or s3i al to pass them at the outer frequencies. This pass band hasbeen

chosen between the pointson the currentcurve wher AI is greater ;rSp thanag. Since in this range the poweris equal toor greater tharOPI orlY,these are known .7"7C as half-power points. These points are commonly found by multiplying theImby .707. Since the greatest power is passe g atresonance which ism the widthv7 of the pass band in cycles may be foundand located. Use the

CO 1.4 A- i. formula s= ',wand2. - 4and change the resultsinradians to frequency in cycles.

THE POWER FACTOR CURVE

As the frequency of a series circuit nears theresont frequency the XL approachesXc and as theyare 180° out of phase they tend to cancel each other out. Then as the reactanceof the circuit is less the power factor approaches unity. A circuit with little resistance will havea low power factor at thelower and higher frequencies anda sharp rise4rnthe powerfactor near resonant frequency. A circuit withgreater resistance willhave a higher power factor at the lower andhigher frequencies andwill approach unity more gradually thus producinga broader curve nearresonant frequency. APPENDIXES 103

NO. 6. LEADING AND LAGGING POWERFACTOR

the X is greater at the lower Since in series circuits c frequencies and the XLis greater at the higher frequenciesthe power factoris leading on the lower frequencyside of resonance and

is lagging on the higherfrequency side of resonance.

No. 7. EXPLAINING AND VERIFYING PEAKS

The peak in the current curveis at the resonantfrequency

cancels Xof the circuit leavingPV/R which allows because XL c the greatest current toflow.

Vpeaks at resonance as the greatestcurrent is flowing at R that time and the voltagedrop accross R is V=IR andsince R is

would be greatest when I is greatest. constant VR Ve would peak justbefore resonance as at resonancethe must have current is not changingand Xc is decreasing so Vc =IXc 4

been greater just before resonance.

Xreaches its peak just after resonance asI is at its peak L must and not changing at resonanceand XL is increasing

reach its peak after resonance. 104 APPENDIXES ANALYSIS OF REPORT AND CONCLUSIONS

In a series circuit the Vc and VL are equal at thesame

time the It, P.F., and V reach theirpeaks, which is the R resonant frequency of the circuit. From about 200 cycles to the

top reading of 1100 cycles the voltage dropacross the capacitor

was greater than the applied voltage in the 40 ohm circuit. The

VL, VR, P.F. and It began ator near zero at 60 cycles on the 40

ohm circuit with a gradual rise untilnear the resonant frequency when they took a sharp rise to the peakthen dropped off quickly. -54

The Xbegan at 60 cycles c on or near the applied voltage showing that at that low frequency it was practicallyan open circuit.

The 120 ohm circuit had thesame resonant frequency as the

40 ohm circuit whichwas correct as the resistance in a series circuit has only the effect of flatteningout the when Sf the ressistance is highor allowing them to peak sharply when the resistances are small compared to the XL andXc of the circuit. The curves were much flatter in the 120 ohm circuit than in the 40ohm circuit and their peaks were much lower in allcases except the P.F.

was slightly higher than in the 40 ohm circuit. The power \)"\which factor is both cases should have beenunity at the peaks.

The Q of the low ohm circuitwas much greater than the Q of the high ohm branch. 105 APPENDIXES

ANALYSIS OF REPORTAND CONCLUSION

band limits coincidedclose /Ad The half-powerpoints and pass but as the data was enough on the lowfrequency side of resonance frequency side theydid not as accurate orcomplete on the high fr.V S j' points were highein the 40 not maths aswell. The half-power (-- ) the 120 ohm circuit. ohm circuit, 1.38 A. ascompared to .53 A. in ) toov,212 cycles to The pass band was narrowerin the 40 ohm circuit The half-power pointsin the 648 cycles for the120 ohm circuit. calculated by the formulaIm Exp. 40 ohm circuit were1.38 A. when V by the formula which X .707 and 1.769A when calculated little low. indicates our currentreadings were a the curves was 865cycles The resonantfrequency as found on Could the capacityin the coil not and 914 cycles ascalculated. ezt and being present inthe being considered inthe calculations Either the L or C experimenthavecausedthisdifference/ 4( failed again. should h ve been alittle larger or our meters high as they should The wattmeterreadings were one half as taken from a scalefor have been so Iconcluded the readings were ^.== twice the voltagethat was used.

a.K.4g4LAA_p_el

551292 0-60-8 APPENDIX B--Physical FacilitiesLayouts The facilities for instructionshould includeone area for fixed machines with the Construction is of standardmaterials using conventional control equipment, switching assembly methods.It is recommended that circuits and instrumentationrequired for the equipment. the working This is designated surface be covered with vinylfloor covering material and as an electric power laboratory andis that asbestos or fiber mats be used primarily fordemonstratim: and experiments. used to protect the surface A during any work that mightdamage the surface. second area is needed toaccommodate the study ofbasic direct current and alternating Power service outletsmay be installed in the 9 x 8 wiring current circuit behavior. channel on the rear of the table, If repair and maintenancefunction are to be studied and if desired,on the front a edge of the bench.The continuous channel third area should be providedfor this.It is stronglyre- simplifies the commended that this be installation of power circuitsand other special service a distinctly separate activity antenna, coaxial cable, etc. auxiliary to and nota major part of the trainingprogram in technology. Electrical Circuit Laboratory Electrical Power Laboratory If an additional laboratory isto be provided for service, This laboratory containsthe basic equipment andswitch- maintenance and repair activities,it might includesome of ing circuits for thecourse work in E 215.It should be the equipment shown inthe layout shown.This area recognized that this representsa minimum of equipment requires relatively heavyflat-topped tables.Provision and space rather than, optimumfacilities.The table and should be made to supplythe power for this laboratory seating arrangement provideboth a laboratory andlecture through the main distributionpanel in the power labora- areaan additional space saving feature. tory.This makes allpower sources available for the work The circuits from thelaboratory tables terminateon the tables, including the output ofthe special voltagi.genera- distribution panel making itpossible to supplypower from tors. any of the several machines to eachwoe; station on the tables.The conduit from thedistribu'iten switchboard and starting panels tothe machine area should besized to Motor Test Bench permit the installation ofadditional equipmentas it is added. A typical example ofa fixture that might be used in Power from this switchboardshould be fed to all other this sort of laboratory is the laboratories and shops that motor test bench shown. may require any of the special This fixture might be usedfor routine testing of small voltages obtainable from themachines in this laboratory. motors and appliancesor for certain basic instruction units involving testing andmeasuring procedures. Basic Electricity Laboratory

This laboratory will consistprimarily of work tables, of Meter and Instrument Storages benches and measuringinstruments.It should accom- modate students ingroups of two if possible since all ofthe Testing and measuring instrumentsrange from the work done in thisarea will utilize small portable equipment simple to the complex, from rugged items. to delicate, and are No layout is shown forthis laboratory sinceno correspondingly inexpensiveor costly.In some cases special treatment is required. An example of laboratory accessibility to students isimportant and in othercases table construction is shownthat is particularly efficient it is necessary to limit theuse of the equipment to instruc- where limited space isavailable.It can serve three tional personnel.Provisions should be made forequip- purposes: ment of all types. A work area for laboratoryexperiments; Two methods of meter storageare shown.The glass- An assembly area for lectureand discussion; protected cabinet, if providedwith locks, has the advantage A storage area for instructionalequipment. of flexibility in that itcan be placed in the most convenient Being of unit construction, section of the laboratory.This method offers protection this table can be made in for expensive instruments while sections and arranged in several at the same time it makes ways to fit existing space. them readily available andeasy to locate. 106 APPENDIXES 107 0 0 0 0 0 0 LABORATORY TABLES DESIGNED FOR 0 0 0 0 0 0 ELECTRONICS OR ELECTRICAL 0 0 INSTRUCTION 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ARRANGEMENT PLAN

GLUE STRIP & SHAPE

NOTE:BULKHEAD CONSTRUCTION SAME AS ENDS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ARRANGEMENT PLAN ARRANGEMENT PLAN ELECTR /CA L. GOWER L AB ORATORY O00 an smos Nommoisvorismsuin to LABORATORY TABLES c0k III© upiira RIMINI; W/NDOPYClihr.A'01/TTO W/R/1VG GAB ROWER SEAV/Ce SOS / AC STARTING PANEL IImmo LEGE/V,C) i 2 DC STARTING- PANEL 6 DYNAMOMETER 5 /54 2000KW GASOLWATT GASOLINE INE 251/0 AC-DC MOTOR 3/ PLANT PLANTGENERATOR SET 8 5NPAC-OC OR/0 0 / SQ. A'r /09 0/STRIEUITION 7METER SNP AC-OC CAB MOTOR /NET MOTOR GENERATOR SET 3wirc,f/B0ARD GENERATOR SET APPENDIXES -109

Wire I Wire Wire mesh onsiaes and top Door I Door Main Switch Board_ ) -MB-6MB-5 MB-4MB-3

ACand DC MACHINE_and CONTROL A R. E A Control for MG-18 MPS -19_ MG-16

TN -12_ v, 0. caw r MG-14 Steel Cabinets DC Tack Board oo cases

TOB- 12 TOB -12 MG-15

DC THE AREA TOB-12 ( Folding Chairs Magnetic Amplifier 0 MG-17 Ca iv DC C-) I- Portable Instrument s- TOB- 12 I- Tables -*---Emergency Push

.w1 - Button IFile 00 f---1 f---1 [---1 76'tg0 Reference Table Emergency--. co >I 6 Chairs Push Button L_I LJ Li 02 5 ,0

11111111 I I I Scale in Feet L.- oo CO 0 Ce r".IO 0 IO C-) iv Emergency ErwPriiih Button co) Bench Work Bencheswith,l(hleni Gas and -Air Lathe riTOB rITOB -12 rITOB TOB -9

Educational Bread Future 0 Board Type Doorway Thy-Mo-Trol (Half-Wave) .0a)"A V 01 Electronic Heating 0 ELECTRONICS AREA ( Future Addition ) 1 ____ Electronic Test Benches _I _J__I1.. I6,- EutcsmeAt. 51-tor L LActopwrontx. .1mm 813 MINM. GRADE DOOR R LIT, I111111.1111=1 =IONS 11IMMIMEMMI 113PB 123 BENCH g WIT G..5 0 =, DOEIpOD 1 11 26 112PB TABLE 0 tw DEEOCID EP 01 O EtlICTRICAL StiOP II3ENOttij 130 CRtBTOOL 133 122E= 0 EICJEIDE IN 1 1 1240 0 135 I A.C. LABORATORY 1 L ThEORY Room WORK BENett CABINET 23 1 1 1 LocKER5 riiiii 6 118 1,0 0 24 Yid 1 II CORRIDOR II LI 1 L.CoNout II 5A 4A -011- 111PB TABLE Ilmf_ENta-I MI 12A WI r TT51II 11 ; 1 4F 11 25 tr. VBELT I a 4F ( I 1 1 = DIRECT CURRENT LABORATORY' ELECTROMC. Tux Rpom 3B Col Q.P.3 G76i 9A BELT V UM 1:111,!. I LAB r. TIMPIRVI f-- 4 LT 3A .7111 IA xis IB 121 MINIM= 111M1 II3PB i 9B IA 1101.111111 2B 2A 113PB 1111111=111110= EMMINMI FALLMACHINESNOTES: MOUNTED ON CEMENT NOM 221-11EM ti SEPARATED FROM 6- SEE5- CABLE-WAYS FOLLOWING INGE. C.EmErrr PRINTS FLOOR.12 FOR DETAILS DEEP II2PB. .NIM , IMINE OF SWITCHBOARD =3 p II4PB THYRITE LIGHTNING ARRESTOR 2- TABLES SHOWN AT MACHINESINSTRUMENTSFACILITATEFLOOR AREBY REAVY,CORRUGATED A RE-ARRANGEMENT WHEN TESTING PRESSBOARD MACHINES. IF DESIRED TO LIGHT-WEIGHT 4. PORTABLE FOR PREVENT VIBRATION 19 AND DrsTmeurion,PLUGSWITCHBOARDMAIN SYSTEM BoARo5 SWITCHBOARD, OR: IN AUMUARY Room 131,sT-4 PANEL-5.1cm l'P-4 363 365593. 117 12- R WATER RESISTOR. DEMONSTRATION 4-SEE3-ROTARY G.E. CONVERTER PRINT *SK. 2Is 268261MOUNTEDLEVELING -B FOR ON SCREWS A TO LIFT WEIGHT OFF WHEELS FiBEsovcr SYMBOLSCASTER-WHEEL 8? DETAILS. DOLLEY WITH WHEN BELTING. IC- 8-7-L- NumBERs WB:LAVATORIES. WIRE AT Box. MACHINES ARE ITEM I 9- BB: BLACKBOARD FB - FLAT BELT NUMBERS IN EQUIPMENT -4364174 LISTS. (may extend around endsGlue 34i:a Shcrive 220 if so desired) MOTOR 220 V View with encl pane/ removed Circuit Diagram MOTOR .44 at identiccr/A Door *those slide details 8 L 2 endpane/sAil shelves fastened with cleats to 11 - :l 4- hair/pressed,- masonife Sliding doors 201 x 342e- .-- a 1 3 Pole 0 7.. P ...Pr-els ess 0 Vinyl 4 Wlie to eve.' e rev./ plastic 3 0.11,3C .. 01Or 0 a) . nefo, .0...C3S 0 HI top Arrange meters and Sy. ,.. ViCeing toout/ets serve in needs these of areas class eeeeeei ut4nI 1- harcfpreed masonic ZS -e x 3411 * door: I ,a MOTOR C f-4--/oer 2O A' GEC TR /CA L. TES T Scale FO R = / LABORATORY 112 APPENDIXES

t 9

6.r

o II APPENDIXES 113

.. ir T 1 . , i 1

ill

i 1 1 .4 1 1 1

1, , I, i 1

i I , 1 i I , a : 1 : 6. : III I '`-ba 1 Ij I V I i l ". L [., i . 1 11. i1. o lo. 1 1 1 4 It's 1 1 1 ,

1 .si is i V is lea I IN 1 :

3 4. i i Fi i * 1 i , ,. Li 1 a ---1, 1----

L t 1, 114 ELECTRICAL TECHNOLOGY

Trainer and Meter Assemblies bines the parts and instrument necessary for thestudy of Efficiency of instructioncan be improved in large meas- basic direct current circuits and is designedto be used ure by multiple training devices especially in basiccourse with a low voltage power source.The units may be work.An example of this is in the trainer andmeter stacked for storage when not inuse,A parts listis assembly shown.This rugged and versatile unitcom- included.

7'RAM/6 A' pe /were-A, ASSE4,634/eS

Parts List for Trainer 2 Test probe leads 1 10 Ohms-80-watt resistor 2 25 Ohms-50-watt resistor For teaching Ohm's LawSeries, Parallel, andSeries- Parallel Circuits; Kirchhoff's Law. 1 50 Ohms-50-watt resistor 1 75 Ohms-50-watt resistor 1 100 Ohms-50-watt resistor Quantity Item 1 Chassis-12" 17" x 3" aluminum 16 Terminals 14 ,z " No. 6-32 machine screws 14 No. 6-32 machine screw nuts 14 No. 6 Lock washers Parts List for Meter Assembly 1 Fuse holder 1 Fuse-10 amp. 1 Toggle switch SPST-6 amps.-125 volts Quantity Item 6 ft. Extension Cord, with pug cap and 2 banana 1 Meter (voltmeter or ammeter) plugs 1 Meter case aluminum (to fit above meter) 4 ft. Hook-up wire 2 Terminals 12 Connecting jumpers with banana plugs 2 Lugs 2-20-inch jumpers 1 Fuse holder (for ammeters only) 2-16-inch jumpers 1 Machine screw and nut 4-10-inch jumpers 1,4 ft. Hook-up wire 2-6-inch jumpers 1 Fuse (for ammeters only) 2-4-inch jumpers Solder APPENDIX C Equipment and Supplies

A minimum list of equipment is suggested as a skeleton need to be added as the instructional program grows and requirement for the curriculum.It is limited to standard develops.Provision should be made for this expansion. items that would be usable in any electrical curriculum and At the outset of a program, however, it is probably better the list includes five sections: power laboratory equipment, to be conservative in purchasing equipment.Adding demonstration equipment, equipment for students use, equipment as it is needed is one way of assuring that only tools and equipment for maintenance, and supplies. needed equipment will be purchased. It is expected that instructional personnel assigned to Prices for equipment and supplies are based upon best this area of instruction will supplement these recommen- Pqtimates available on January 1, 1960. dations.Additional items of equipment and supplies will

Suggested Equipment for Electrical Technology Power Laboratory Equipment

Esti- Esti- Quan- mated Quan- mated cost Itemtity Description cost Item tity Description 1 Jan. 1, Jan. 1, 1960 1960

1 1 15 KW 20/208 volt 3 phase gasoline alternator 18 10 10" rheostats, 2 each $170.00 electric plant $1,500.00 19 2 Size 1 general purpose magnetic switch and but- 2 2 Motor generator lab set, table mounted consist- tons 46.40 ing of 3 hp D.C.-1 generalized A.C. machine 20 2 Size 1 magnetic starters, combination reversing tachometer, torque meter, brush motor as and buttons 163.20 Bulletin 191, Dec. 1958 4, 700.00 21 1 3- to 5-hp induction motors with all coils brought 3 1 Distribution switchboard with indicating lights out to external terminals and 3 phase, 9 KVA, 601 auto transformer 220/ 22 1 Synchroscope, 220-250v 83.00 208/115v 1, 050.00 23 1 Diactor voltage regulator 289.90 4 31 hp, 30, squirrel cage, open-type motors 165.00 24 1 Voltage regulator 275.00 1 1 hp, dynamometer, absorption type, Mode11100_ 450.00 25 1 100-125v power factor meter 96.00 6 2 hp, 120v, 60f split-phase motor type C-7A 33.44 26 2 Current transformers 50/5 amps, through type-- 18.00 7 2 3 hp, 120v, 60f capacitor motor 49.72 27 2 Current transformers, through type, 100/5 amps__ 36.00 8 2%I hp, 125v, D.C. motors 194.00 28 370w voltage drum switches 13.50 9 1 hp, 120v, 60f repulsion start induction run 29 1 8" dial depramometer scales 0-5 lb 18.00 motor 49.60 30 1 8" dial depramometer scales 0-25 lb 18.00 10 1 A.C. magnetic control starting panel, 3 hp 1,500.00 31 1 A.C. to D.C. motor generator sets 15 KVA, 25 11 1 D.C. magnetic control starting panel, 3 hp 1,020.00 hp, 220v with rheostat 1460.00 12 2 0.25 KVA auto transformer 230/115v 18.00 32 50 Steel stools with backs 330.00 13 1 300 KA, 1-phase hand operated induction regu- 33 1 lotShop built laboratory benches as per drawing; lator 416. 29 usual lab arrangement 750.00 14 4 Loading resistor racks 1, 459.20 34 2 Meter cabinets as per drawing 350.00 15 1 Instrument comparator 1, 400. 00 35 1 2,000-watt gasoline plant, 120v, 60f, A.C. gener- 16 1 Ed. set 5 hp, A.C. motor, D.C. generator set ator, manual start 554.00 with exploring coils 1, 363.30 17 2 Frequency meter. 46.00 115 116 APPENDIXES

DemonstrationEquipment

Quan- Itemtity Esti- Description mated Quan- coat Itemtity Esti- Jan.1, Description mated 1960 cost Jan. 1, 1 2Kit amplifier 1950 2 2 a Kit audio generator $219 . 90 15 2 3Crows model 500-0 99. 90 16 KWH standard withsnap switch demonstrator with 4-term. 2Phantom load boxes $492.00 4 meter and cabinet 7 3 1 399.00 Electropborous 600.00 5 2Lecture millimeter (7")for lecture 18 3 Universal Scientific 47.50 19 Electroscopes 14.85 electric machinesCrow model 250rotating 2Electroscopes 12.75 6 2 20 1 Kit impedance,bridges 1,570.00 21 Condenser attachment 35.00 7 1 1 Wimhurst Static Machine S Electronic switch kit 119.00 22 2 1 Projection lantern 31.95 23 Leyden jars 115.00 9 2220v, 15a 3-wire KWH 205.00 1 Dischargers 5.00 10 2 meter 24 1 Phase sequence 9. 50 11 22v, 15a, 3-wire KWHmeter.. 34 60 25 1 meter 125/250/480v 2220v, 15a, 3-wire KWH 34.80 26 Oscilloscope kit 39.60 12 1 meter 1 Choke and 79.95 2% element, 220v,15a, KWH meter 34.60 27 1 resonance coils 13 1 3 element, 220v, 48.00 Gravity cell, Crowfoottype 57.50 14 1 15a, KWH meter 28 1 Edison storage eel' 115v, 15a, Thermaldemand meter with 74.00 29 5.00 Type IOW-2, 120v KWH 30 1 Magnetometer 19.95 120.4 1 Permeameter 82.50 0 135.00

Suggested Supplies forElectronicsTechnology

Quan- Esti- Itemtity mated Description Qun - Esti- cost, Item titay Jan. 1, Description mated 1960 cost, Jan. 1, 1 1 1960 2 1 setRoll manganium wire#18. Straight shank high $1.55 12 stand speed number set drillswith 2Star drills, %"-12"length 3 1 13 2 Electrolyte for Edisoncell.. 24.00 14 Star drills, W' -12"length 4 2408 dry cells 5.00 68" mill files_. 5 24 15 6 #D dry cells 20.16 16 Half round, 10" files $4.80 6 24!AAA dry cells 3.12 38" Round files 11.40 7 100 17 3Wire scratch brushes... 2.70 8 1-250v, 1 amp littlefuses. 3.12 18 3 2003-250v, 3 amp little 10.00 Commutator slottingfiles 8" 1.80 9 100 fuses 19 1 5-250v, 5 amp little fuses 20.00 20 %" Carbide tippedcement drill 4.20 10 5010-250v, 10 amp little 10.00 1 3i" Carbide tipped 1.33 11 50 fuses 21 1 cement drill 1.78 25-250v, 25 amp littlefuses. 5.00 22 54" Carbide tippedcement drill 5.00 61-pt. oil cans.. 2.18 4.50 APPENDIXES 117 Suggested Laboratory Equipment for Student Use in Electrical Technology

Esti- Esti- Quan- mated Q - m Item tity Description coat Item tity Description cost Jan. 1, Jan. 1, 1960 1960

10 1" micrometers $135.00 23 1 Megger insulationteeter0-1,000 megohms, 500- 2 10 Wire ge,' 55.50 volta test $275.00 3 12 Ohm lawtrainers 450, 00 24 16 3 terminal coils 2, 022.40 4 120-1 DO ammeters; base, fuse, and terminals 155.16 25 8 Laminated iron "U" coils 1,104.00 a 120-5 DO ammeters; base, fuse, and terminals 155.16 26 8 Flat coils 775.68 6 60-25 DO ammeters; base, fuse, and terminals. 77 27 8 Laminated cores 563.20 7 120-30 DO voltmeters 144..7582 28 2Clamp-on ammeters with gauge. 8 10 0-150 DO voltmeters; base, fuse, and terminals 120.60 29 12Alnico bar magnets 18.00 9 150-1 AO ammeter; base, fuse, and terminals 172.35 30 12Alnico horseshoe magnets. 18.00 10 150-5 AO ammeter; base, fuse, and terminals 172.35 31 15Magnetic compass 2.85 11 10 0-10 AO ammeter; base, fuse, and terminals 117.90 32 5 Carter iron filings 4. 25 12 5 0-25 AO ammeter; base, fuse, and terminals 58.95 33 12 Friction glass rods 4.20 13 100-50 AO voltmeter; base, fuse, and terminals 120.10 34 12 Hard rubber rods 8.40 14 150-300 AO voltmeter; base, fuse, and terminals . 85 35 12Exciting pads, wood felt 7.20 15 6 0-500 AO vtltmeter; base, fuse, and terminals-. 10882.66 36 12 Exciting pads, silk 6.00 16 15 0-300 WatLieteTs, 180v, 4a; base, fuse, and ter- 37 12 Electroscope 33.00 minals 419.70 38 5 Telegraph instruments 92.50 17 6 0-300 Wattmeters, 300v, 10a; base, fuse, and ter- 39 6 Wheatstone bridges slide-wire form #83191 67.00 minals 179.88 40 6 Galvanometers 161.50 18 30-300 Wattmeters, 800v, 20a; base, fuse, and ter- 41 6Tachometers 421.50 minals 99.84 42 12 Oil filled 15 rafd, 600 volt capacitors 156.24 19 12Students' demonstration cells 42 .00 43 120. 25KVA transformer 460 to 220/110 volts 1,500.00 20 10 Students' demonstration cells 135. 00 44 6 Half-wave instrument rectifier 6.30 21 3Resistance decade (heath kit) boxes to 9.999 ohms. 68.50 45 12 Instrument cases 15.48 2Wheatstone bridge 012171 with galvanometer 46 3 Resistance-cap bridge, kit. 59.85 012421 135.00 118 APPENDIXES Tools and Machines for Constructing and Maintaining Electrical Equipment

Esti- Esti- Quan- mated Quan- mated Item tity Description cost, Item tity Description cost, Jan1960. 1, Jan. 1, 1960

1 1 Engine lathe, 3' bed, 9" swing complete with 3- 48 2 12" Square blade, plastic handle screwdriver phase motor 220v, quick- change gear, 4 & 3 jaw #5D412 $6.20 chucks, universal scroll chuck, plus needed 49 2 5" Offset screwdriver, #030 2.10 tools $369.00 50 6 6' folding rule 7.20 2 1 Pedestal grinder, 1 hp, 220v motor with brush 51 6 Pliers 12.78 and stone 269.00 52 1 1" Wood chisel 1.93 3 1 No. 3 press arbor with stand 165.00 53 1 3/4" Wood chisel. 1.80 4 3 Sets 34" di ive socket wrenches, thru W' 15.80 54 1 34" Wood chisel 1.60 5 2 Sets box-end wrenches 38.55 55 4 Adze eye hammers, 13 oz. head 9.32 6 12 Ball peen hammers (3% lb.; 61 -1b., and 3 2. lb.). ___ 33.00 56 4 Ripping hammers, 1g" 10.00 7 4 8 oz. Plastic hammers 14.00 57 1 10" Tin snips 3.25 8 2 8" C clamps 3.04 58 2 34" Cold chisels. 3.70 9 2 6" C clamps 2.08 59 2 Center punches 2.60 10 1 Set He through 34" high-speed twist drills with so 1 1" Cold chisel_ 4.85 stand 40.90 61 2 24" Pinchbars. 11.40 11 1 Stud driver (22 caliber) 134.50 62 6 Hacksaw frames 8.70 12 1 %" Electric drill, 1151, 500 rpm 50.20 63 10 Hacksaw blades (32T) 2.00 13 2 Y4" Electric drill, 115v, 500 rpm 63.60 64 10 Hacksaw blades (24T) 2.00 14 1 Slot insulation folder 89.50 65 3 Hand saws. 15.03 15 6Coil tampers %a" x 7A" face 16.50 66 3 Keyhole saw 3.51 16 4 Coil tampers, 316" x 134" face 12.00 67 12 Wooden file handles 2.70 17 4 Wedge drivers, x 3/4" 24.00 68 12 100 w, 115 v, soldering Irons 74.40 18 3 Armature air gap gv is 9.25 69 3 220 w, 115 v, soldering irons 23.40 19 1 Bearing tool 26.50 70 1 500w, 115v soldering iron. 10.40 20 1 Blind bushing attachment 4.50 71 2 1-quart blowtorch 47.00 21 1 Snap-on gear puller 12.85 72 2 Extension lamps with reflectors 3.00 22 1 Snap-on gear puller 8.00 73 1 set Knockout punches fAr 34 ",1 ", 134" conduit. 9.90 23 1 Shaft straitner attachment 74 1 120v, 800w, Drying o (precision) 197.50 24 1 Spina expansion self-alignment reamer with 75 2 Ideal fish tape W' x 0.061 x 50' 2. 12 tar,. collets, 3/4", Ma", 5,6",1337", %a", %", 76 1 Ideal fish tape 34" x 0.060 x 100' 2.11 3/4, q1,311, %It, 4./6/0, 1". 79.00 77 1 set 3 Hickeys, j,6"-3/4"-1" 11.20 25 3 Stator winding guns 126.00 78 2 EMT benders, 1/2" 5.72 26 1 Bench growler (110v) 57.50 79 1 EMT benders, %" 4.85 27 1 Internal growler (110v) 41.50 80 1 EMT benders, 1" 7.24 28 6 Sets coil cheeks 60.00 81 2 Fuse puller 2.00 29 1 Paint spray outfit, 1-qt. gun 78.95 82 2 Fuse puller_ 5.90 30 1 Coil winder drive 649.50 83 3 Fish tape pullers_ 5.25 31 1 Universal winder head 85.00 84 1 W' drill press, pedestal model with motor and 32 1 Balancing ways 99.50 pulley 221.95 33 1 Battery charger, 5 amps, 0-28v_ 42.95 85 4 Adjustable wrenches, 6" D76 13.00 34 1 Tap and die sets 4-12 machine screw case (T) 13.30 86 4 Adjustable wrenches, 8" D76. 17.60 35 1 Tap and die sets y" through%" with case (T)_.. 42.40 87 2 Adjustable wrenches, 10", D10 12.00 36 1 Heavy-duty pipe reamer, 3i"-134" 10.40 88 2 Adjustable wrenches, 15", D15 18.00 37 1 Heavy-duty pipe reamer, 34 "-2" 15.40 89 1 Rachet rigid conduit bender %", 1" 1.30 38 1 Bench chain vise, 2" 9.10 90 3 Machinist vises, 3V2" jaws 10G. 50 39 1 Rachet handle complete with %, 1, g" con- 91 1 Machinist vises, 5" jaws 68.70 duit pipe dies 32.65 92 2 Magnesium step ladders, 6' 44.88 40 4 10" Pipe wrenches 16.60 93 1 Magnesium step ladders, 10' 39.94 41 2 14" Pipe wrenches 11.10 94 4 V rachet braces.. 42 4 734" Diagonal side cutting pliers 18.60 95 4 Auger bits, sets (6 bits/set) 7.50 43 4 9" Electrician pliers 25.00 96 1 Corner bit brace. 15.13 44 6 Duck-bill pliers, 734 " 20.10 97 1 Bit extension_ 2.04 45 6 4" Square blade, plastic handle screwdriver 98 2 4 lb./pair soldering coppers 3.80 #SD44 7.20 99 1 2 lb./pair soldering coppers 2.00 46 6 6" Square blade,plastic handle screwdriver 100 2 Phillips head screwdriver 1.50 #5D48 9.00 101 2 Phillips head screwdriver 2.04 47 68" Square blade, plastic handle screwdriver 102 2 Phillips head screwdriver 4.06 #5D46 12.60