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Synchro/Resolver Conversion Handbook

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Synchro/Resolver Conversion Handbook SYNCHRO/RESOLVER CONVERSION HANDBOOK 105 Wilbur Place, Bohemia, New York 11716-2426 For Technical Support - 1-800-DDC-5757 ext. 7771 Headquarters - Tel: (631) 567-5600, Fax: (631) 567-7358 United Kingdom - Tel: +44-(0) 1635-811140, Fax: +44-(0) 1635-32264 France - Tel: +33-(0) 1-41-16-3424, Fax: +33-(0) 1-41-16-3425 Germany - Tel: +49-(0) 8141-349-087, Fax: +49-(0) 8141-349-089 Japan - Tel: +81-(0) 3-3814-7688, Fax: +81-(0) 3-3814-7689 World Wide Web - http://www.ddc-web.com FOURTH EDITION UPDATED 03/2009 ii PREFACE The Synchro/Resolver Conversion Handbook is designed as a practical reference source. It discusses the theory of operation of data converter products (synchro, resolver, and linear variable differential transformer [LVDT]), performance parameters, and design factors for typical applications. The subject matter and appli- cations are chosen to be those of greatest interest and concern for the designers, systems engineers, and systems operators with whom DDC has worked over the years. The text treats both DDC’s own approach to shaft encoding and other generally accepted techniques. Because various points of view are presented, the Handbook has served well as a teaching aid over the years. Our first Synchro Conversion Handbook was conceived in 1973 during a series of technical seminars con- ducted at DDC. It was the first integrated reference source on synchro/resolver data converters. Now after 30 plus years, this hardcopy book is released as an electronic file. Since 1968 DDC has been the leader in new product development in the field of synchro/resolver convert- ers. DDC’s introduction, in 1968, of the first modular synchro converters (in a 0.8 x 2.6 x 3.1 inch package) instantly made the existing rack, box, and card-set converters obsolete. Indeed, the biggest sales problem was convincing engineers that they were able to design complete synchro/resolver systems using only a few small DDC hybrids. Shortly thereafter, hybrid technology matured and we were able to once again make a dramatic size reduction - down to single DIP packages. Now, with the advent of custom monolithic technolo- gy, we are making major advances in functionality and cost (size is more and more being determined by pin count requirements). Today, as in 1968, DDC is still committed to being the leader in synchro conversion and related test equipment. We intend to do this by offering superior products that meet the needs of the engineering community and supporting those products with the best application support world-wide in this field. iii THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK iv TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION I - Fundamentals Angle-Sensing Transducers . .1 Reliability and Functional Stability . .2 Cost . .2 Attainable Performance . .2 Static and Dynamic Mechanical Loading . .3 Environmental Sensitivity . .3 Angle-Data Conversion Devices . .3 Fundamental Mathematical Relationships in Synchro/Resolver Equipment . .4 Synchro Control Transmitter (Figure 1.10a) . .4 Synchro Control Transformer (Figure 1.10b) . .5 Control Differential Transmitter (Figure 1.10c) . .5 Resolver (Figure 1.10d) . .5 Transolver (Figure 1.10e) . .6 The Scott-T Transformer (Figure 1.10f) . .6 Torque Components . .6 Typical Synchro/Resolver System Architecture . .10 Single-Speed System . .10 Multispeed System . .11 Stick-off Voltage . .13 Digital Data Conversion Techniques for Synchro/Resolver Systems . .15 Single-RD Phase-Shift Synchro-to-Digital Converter . .16 Double-RD Phase-Shift Synchro-to-Digital Converter . .17 Real-Time Trigonometric Function - Generator Approach . .17 Demodulation, A/D, and µP Approach to Synchro/Resolver . .18 SECTION II - Theory of Operation of Modern Synchro-to-Digital Converters . .19 The Tracking Converter . .19 Use of a "Synthesized" Reference . .22 Sampling A/D Converters . .26 Successive-Approximation Sampling Synchro-to-Digital Converter . .27 The Sampling Harmonic Oscillator Synchro-to-Digital Converter . .29 Multiplexing Synchro-to-Digital Converters . .31 Synchro- or Resolver-To-Digital Converters for Two-Speed Systems . .33 Testing S/D Converters . .35 Single Channel S/D or R/D Converter . .35 Multiplexed S/D Converters . .36 Dynamic Testing . .36 SECTION III - Theory of Operation of Synchro-to-DC Converters . .39 Theory of Operation of Synchro- or Resolver-to-Linear DC Converters . .39 Synchro/Resolver-to-Nonvariant DC Sine/Cosine Converters . .40 SECTION IV - Theory of Operation of Modern RVDT/LVDT-to-Digital Converters . .45 RVDT/LVDT Rotary and Linear Variable Differential Transformers . .45 RVDT/LVDT-to-Digital Converter . .45 v TABLE OF CONTENTS - (CONTINUED) Dynamic Performance . .47 SECTION V - Theory of Operation of Modern Digital-to-Synchro Converters . .49 The Programmed-Function Generator Digital-to-Synchro Converter . .49 Types of Function Generators . .50 The Stored-Table-Lookup Digital-to-Synchro Converter . .52 Output Circuits for D/S and D/R Converters . .52 System Considerations . .53 Power Surge at Turn on . .53 Torque Load Management . .53 Pulsating Power Supplies . .53 Thermal Considerations . .53 Passive Inductive Load . .53 Pulsating Supplies . .54 Active Load . .55 Remote Sense . .57 Feedback Transformer . .58 Tuning the Load . .58 Computing Value of Capacitor for Tuning Synchro Stator Windings . .58 Testing D/S Converters . .59 How to Calculate Power Requirements for D/S Converters . ..
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