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Mosquito Species Identification Using Convolutional Neural Networks With
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Mosquito species identifcation using convolutional neural networks with a multitiered ensemble model for novel species detection Adam Goodwin1,2*, Sanket Padmanabhan1,2, Sanchit Hira2,3, Margaret Glancey1,2, Monet Slinowsky2, Rakhil Immidisetti2,3, Laura Scavo2, Jewell Brey2, Bala Murali Manoghar Sai Sudhakar1, Tristan Ford1,2, Collyn Heier2, Yvonne‑Marie Linton4,5,6, David B. Pecor4,5,6, Laura Caicedo‑Quiroga4,5,6 & Soumyadipta Acharya2* With over 3500 mosquito species described, accurate species identifcation of the few implicated in disease transmission is critical to mosquito borne disease mitigation. Yet this task is hindered by limited global taxonomic expertise and specimen damage consistent across common capture methods. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are promising with limited sets of species, but image database requirements restrict practical implementation. Using an image database of 2696 specimens from 67 mosquito species, we address the practical open‑set problem with a detection algorithm for novel species. Closed‑set classifcation of 16 known species achieved 97.04 ± 0.87% accuracy independently, and 89.07 ± 5.58% when cascaded with novelty detection. Closed‑set classifcation of 39 species produces a macro F1‑score of 86.07 ± 1.81%. This demonstrates an accurate, scalable, and practical computer vision solution to identify wild‑caught mosquitoes for implementation in biosurveillance and targeted vector control programs, without the need for extensive image database development for each new target region. Mosquitoes are one of the deadliest animals in the world, infecting between 250–500 million people every year with a wide range of fatal or debilitating diseases, including malaria, dengue, chikungunya, Zika and West Nile Virus1. -
Kinetics of Photosynthate Translocation Donald Boyd Fisher Iowa State University
Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Retrospective Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 1965 Kinetics of photosynthate translocation Donald Boyd Fisher Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd Part of the Biochemistry Commons, and the Botany Commons Recommended Citation Fisher, Donald Boyd, "Kinetics of photosynthate translocation" (1965). Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 4085. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/4085 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Retrospective Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. This dissertation has been micro&hned exactly as received ® ® ® ^ FISHER, Donald Boyd, 1935- KINETICS OF PHOTOSYNTHATE TRANS LOCATION. Iowa State University of Science and Technology, Ph.D., 1965 Botany University Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan KINETICS OF PHOTOSYNTHATE TRANSLOCATION by Donald Boyd Fisher A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty in Partial Fulfillment of The Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Major Subject: Biochemistry Approved : Signature was redacted for privacy. Signature was redacted for privacy. fieao. oi I'lajor ueparument Signature was redacted for privacy. D of Graduate College Iowa State University Of Science and Technology Ames, Iowa 1965 il TABLE OF CONTENTS Page I. INTRODUCTION MD LITERATURE REVIE'/J 1 II. ANATOMIC OBSERVATIONS 12 A, Observations on the Leaf Structure 12 B, Observations on the Phloem 18 III. ISOTOPIC EXPERIMENTS 23 A. Materials and Methods 23 1. -
Short Communication:A Study of Food Consumption of the Deepwater
Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences 15(4) 1616-1623 2016 A study of food consumption of the deepwater Goby, Ponticola bathybius (Kessler, 1877), during spring migration in the southern Caspian Sea Tajbakhsh F.1; Abdoli A.A.2*; Rajabi Maham H.3; Hashemzadeh Segherloo I.4; Kiabi B.1 Received: January 2016 Accepted: May 2016 1-Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, G. C., Tehran, Iran 2-Department of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Management, Environmental Sciences Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, G, C, Tehran, Iran 3-Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, G. C., Tehran, Iran 4-Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Resources and Earth Sciences, University of Shahre Kord, 115, Iran *Corresponding author's email: [email protected] Keywords: Gobiidae, Feeding strategy, Modified Costello method, Caspian Sea, Iran. Introduction great consumers of food resources and the The Gobies exhibit a main role in the considerable competitors for other species general production of the Caspian Sea due (Corkum et al., 2004). According to Miller to their species diversity and unexploited (2003), fish are as dominant prey for larger stocks. So, of the 80 fish species known specimens of P. bathybius, while from Iranian part of the Caspian Sea, 10 of Crustacea are main prey for smaller them are gobies (Abdoli et al., 2012). The specimens (Gaibova and Ragimov, 1970). deepwater goby, Ponticola bathybius Also, Kalantarian et al. (2013) found out (Kessler, 1877), Gobiidae, is a native that this fish feed mainly on N. pallasi (in species in the Caspian Sea which settles on species N. -
Microfluidics of Sugar Transport in Plant Leaves and in Biomimetic Devices
Downloaded from orbit.dtu.dk on: Oct 08, 2021 Microfluidics of sugar transport in plant leaves and in biomimetic devices Rademaker, Hanna Publication date: 2016 Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Link back to DTU Orbit Citation (APA): Rademaker, H. (2016). Microfluidics of sugar transport in plant leaves and in biomimetic devices. Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark. General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Ph.D. thesis Microfluidics of sugar transport in plant leaves and in biomimetic devices Hanna Rademaker 14 September 2016 Supervised by Tomas Bohr and Kaare Hartvig Jensen Cover image: Light microscopy image of a Coleus blumei leaf. The image shows the natural color. Microfluidics of sugar transport in plant leaves and in biomimetic devices Copyright ➞ 2016 Hanna Rademaker. All rights reserved. Typeset using LATEX and TikZ. Abstract The physical mechanisms underlying vital plant functions constitute a research field with many important, unsolved problems. -
Arrival of Round Goby Neogobius Melanostomus (Pallas, 1814) and Bighead Goby Ponticola Kessleri (Günther, 1861) in the High Rhine (Switzerland)
BioInvasions Records (2013) Volume 2, Issue 1: 79–83 Open Access doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3391/bir.2013.2.1.14 © 2013 The Author(s). Journal compilation © 2013 REABIC Short Communication Arrival of round goby Neogobius melanostomus (Pallas, 1814) and bighead goby Ponticola kessleri (Günther, 1861) in the High Rhine (Switzerland) Irene Kalchhauser*, Peter Mutzner, Philipp E. Hirsch and Patricia Burkhardt-Holm Program Man-Society-Environment, Dept. of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Vesalgasse 1, 4051 Basel, Switzerland E-mail: [email protected] (IK), [email protected] (PM), [email protected] (PEH), [email protected] (PBH) *Corresponding author Received: 20 July 2012 / Accepted: 31 October 2012 / Published online: 22 November 2012 Handling editor: Vadim Panov Abstract A number of Ponto-Caspian gobiid species are currently invading European coasts and freshwaters. They do not only present a nuisance to fishermen, but evidence suggests that they compete with native benthic fishes and may contribute to changes in ecosystem function. This paper reports the presence of round goby Neogobius melanostomus individuals and an established population of bighead goby Ponticola kessleri in the High Rhine. Key words: gobiidae; non-native; alien; invasion; High Rhine; Switzerland 2001) was predicted to promote westward Introduction migration of fish species (Balon et al. 1986), including Ponto-Caspian gobiids (Proterorhinus Several goby species from the Caspian and Black marmoratus). In the meantime, five of six gobiid Sea are currently spreading in European rivers. species predicted to invade the Rhine (Freyhof Ponticola kessleri (Günther, 1861; Neilson and 2003) have indeed arrived. Their dispersal Stepien 2009), Neogobius melanostomus (Pallas, appears to be facilitated by shipping, as round 1814), Proterorhinus marmoratus (Pallas, 1814), goby dispersal has followed shipping routes Neogobius fluviatilis (Pallas, 1814), and Babka (Brown and Stepien 2009; LaRue et al. -
Vertical Distribution of Epiphytic Bryophytes Depends on Phorophyte Type; a Case Study from Windthrows in Kampinoski National Park (Central Poland)
Folia Cryptog. Estonica, Fasc. 57: 59–71 (2020) https://doi.org/10.12697/fce.2020.57.08 Vertical distribution of epiphytic bryophytes depends on phorophyte type; a case study from windthrows in Kampinoski National Park (Central Poland) Barbara Fojcik1*, Damian Chmura2 1Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, 28 Jagiellońska St., 40-032 Kato- wice, Poland. E-mail: [email protected] 2Institute of Environmental Protection and Engineering, University of Bielsko-Biala, 2 Willowa St., 43-309 Bielsko-Biała, Poland. E-mail: [email protected] *Author for correspondence Abstract: The vertical distribution of epiphytic bryophytes in European forests are still relatively poorly understood. The aim of the study was to analyse the diversity and vertical zonation of epiphytic mosses and liverworts on selected tree types (Quercus petraea, Betula pendula and Pinus sylvestris) within windthrow areas in the Kampinoski National Park (Central Poland). The investigations were performed in five parts of the trees: the tree base, lower trunk, upper trunk, lower crown, and upper crown. Deciduous trees have more species than pine trees (13 on Quercus and Betula, 8 on Pinus). The type of phorophyte was crucial for the differences in the species composition from the tree base to the upper crown that was observed. The highest richness of bryophytes was recorded on the tree bases, while the lowest was recorded in the upper parts of the crowns. The variability of the habitat conditions in the vertical gradient on the trunk that affected the patterns of the occurrence of species with different ecological preferences was determined using the Ellenberg indicator values. -
Ponticola Bathybius (A Goby, No Common Name) Ecological Risk Screening Summary
Ponticola bathybius (a goby, no common name) Ecological Risk Screening Summary U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, March 2012 Revised, August 2018 Web Version, 10/28/2019 Photo: K. Abbasi. Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0. Available: http://eol.org/pages/215017/overview. (August 2018). 1 Native Range and Status in the United States Native Range From Froese and Pauly (2018a): “Former USSR and Asia: Caspian Sea. Restricted to brackish water habitats [Patzner et al. 2011]” According to Naseka and Bogutskaya (2009), P. bathybius is endemic to the whole Caspian Sea. Status in the United States This species has not been reported as introduced or established in the United States. This species was not found in the aquarium trade. Means of Introductions in the United States This species has not been reported as introduced or established in the United States. Remarks According to Eschmeyer et al. (2018), historical synonyms for P. bathybius include Gobius bathybius, Chasar bathybius, and Neogobius bathybius. All synonyms were used to search for information for this report. 1 2 Biology and Ecology Taxonomic Hierarchy and Taxonomic Standing From Froese and Pauly (2018b): “Animalia (Kingdom) > Chordata (Phylum) > Vertebrata (Subphylum) > Gnathostomata (Superclass) > Actinopterygii (Class) > Perciformes (Order) > Gobioidei (Suborder) > Gobiidae (Family) > Gobiinae (Subfamily) > Ponticola (Genus) > Ponticola bathybius (Species)” From Eschmeyer et al. (2018): “bathybius, Gobius […] Current status: Valid as Ponticola bathybius (Kessler 1877).” Size, Weight, and Age Range From Froese and Pauly (2018a): “Max length : 29.3 cm TL male/unsexed; [Abdoli et al. 2009]” Environment From Froese and Pauly (2018a): “Brackish; demersal; depth range ? - 198 m [Eschmeyer 1998].” From Bani et al. -
Bryophytes of Adjacent Serpentine and Granite Outcrops on the Deer Isles, Maine, U.S.A
RHODORA, Vol. 111, No. 945, pp. 1–20, 2009 E Copyright 2009 by the New England Botanical Club BRYOPHYTES OF ADJACENT SERPENTINE AND GRANITE OUTCROPS ON THE DEER ISLES, MAINE, U.S.A. LAURA R. E. BRISCOE The Field Museum, 1400 South Lakeshore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605 TANNER B. HARRIS University of Massachusetts, Fernald Hall, 270 Stockbridge Road, Amherst, MA 01003 WILLIAM BROUSSARD University of Maine, 421 Estabrooke Hall, Orono, ME 04469 1 EVA DANNENBERG,FRED C. OLDAY, AND NISHANTA RAJAKARUNA College of the Atlantic, 105 Eden Street, Bar Harbor, ME 04609 1Author for Correspondence; Current Address: Department of Biological Sciences, One Washington Square, San Jose´ State University, San Jose´, CA 95192-0100 e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT. The serpentine-substrate effect is well documented for vascular plants, but the literature for bryophytes is limited. The majority of literature on bryophytes in extreme geoedaphic habitats focuses on the use of species as bioindicators of industrial pollution. Few attempts have been made to characterize bryophyte floras on serpentine soils derived from peridotite and other ultramafic rocks. This paper compares the bryophyte floras of both a peridotite and a granite outcrop from the Deer Isles, Hancock County, Maine, and examines tissue elemental concentrations for select species from both sites. Fifty-five species were found, 43 on serpentine, 26 on granite. Fourteen species were shared in common. Twelve species are reported for the first time from serpentine soils. Tissue analyses indicated significantly higher Mg, Ni, and Cr concentrations and significantly lower Ca:Mg ratios for serpentine mosses compared to those from granite. -
Level Biology. Basic and Simplified Revision Notes
Systematic “A” level Biology. Basic and simplified Revision notes. SYSTEMATIC “A” LEVEL BIOLOGY. Basic and simplified revision notes. STANDARD TEACHING SYLABUS: 1. Cell biology or cytology………………………………………..………………………….2 Definition of cytology/cell biology, definition of the cell. Microscopy. light and electron microscopes their structure, mode of operation and comparison between them, microscope practical techniques. Cell theory, types of organism’s i.e prokaryotes and eukaryotes, comparison between Prokaryotes and eukaryotes, why cells are small? Structures of the cell, cell diversity.. Cell division. Types of cell division, events that occur during each type, comparison between them and the importance of each type. 2.Histology………………………………………………………………………………………..4 Definition, types of tissues, their structures and functions,adaptations of some tissues to suit their function. Levels of organization. ie unicellular level; tissue level; organ level; system level and organism level; advantages and disadvantages of being unicellular and multicelar organism; 3. Classification of living organisms…………………………………………………….65 Common terms used: classification, taxonomy, systematics, binomial nomenclature, dichotomous keys, taxonomic hierarchy, and five kingdom system: Animalia, Plantae, fungi, Protista and monera general characteristic of organismin each kingdom and the examples. 4. Transport of materials in living organisms………………………………………107 5. Chemicals of life………………………………………………………………………….150 DNA structure, RNA structure, DNA replication and protein -
Ethnobiology of Georgia
SHOTA TUSTAVELI ZAAL KIKVIDZE NATIONAL SCIENCE FUNDATION ILIA STATE UNIVERSITY PRESS ETHNOBIOLOGY OF GEORGIA ISBN 978-9941-18-350-8 Tbilisi 2020 Ethnobiology of Georgia 2020 Zaal Kikvidze Preface My full-time dedication to ethnobiology started in 2012, since when it has never failed to fascinate me. Ethnobiology is a relatively young science with many blank areas still in its landscape, which is, perhaps, good motivation to write a synthetic text aimed at bridging the existing gaps. At this stage, however, an exhaustive representation of materials relevant to the ethnobiology of Georgia would be an insurmountable task for one author. My goal, rather, is to provide students and researchers with an introduction to my country’s ethnobiology. This book, therefore, is about the key traditions that have developed over a long history of interactions between humans and nature in Georgia, as documented by modern ethnobiologists. Acknowledgements: I am grateful to my colleagues – Rainer Bussmann, Narel Paniagua Zambrana, David Kikodze and Shalva Sikharulidze for the exciting and fruitful discussions about ethnobiology, and their encouragement for pushing forth this project. Rainer Bussmann read the early draft of this text and I am grateful for his valuable comments. Special thanks are due to Jana Ekhvaia, for her crucial contribution as project coordinator and I greatly appreciate the constant support from the staff and administration of Ilia State University. Finally, I am indebted to my fairy wordmother, Kate Hughes whose help was indispensable at the later stages of preparation of this manuscript. 2 Table of contents Preface.......................................................................................................................................................... 2 Chapter 1. A brief introduction to ethnobiology...................................................................................... -
Thermal Adaptation of Amphibians in Tropical Mountains
Thermal adaptation of amphibians in tropical mountains. Consequences of global warming Adaptaciones térmicas de anfibios en montañas tropicales: consecuencias del calentamiento global Adaptacions tèrmiques d'amfibis en muntanyes tropicals: conseqüències de l'escalfament global Pol Pintanel Costa ADVERTIMENT. La consulta d’aquesta tesi queda condicionada a l’acceptació de les següents condicions d'ús: La difusió d’aquesta tesi per mitjà del servei TDX (www.tdx.cat) i a través del Dipòsit Digital de la UB (diposit.ub.edu) ha estat autoritzada pels titulars dels drets de propietat intel·lectual únicament per a usos privats emmarcats en activitats d’investigació i docència. No s’autoritza la seva reproducció amb finalitats de lucre ni la seva difusió i posada a disposició des d’un lloc aliè al servei TDX ni al Dipòsit Digital de la UB. No s’autoritza la presentació del seu contingut en una finestra o marc aliè a TDX o al Dipòsit Digital de la UB (framing). Aquesta reserva de drets afecta tant al resum de presentació de la tesi com als seus continguts. En la utilització o cita de parts de la tesi és obligat indicar el nom de la persona autora. ADVERTENCIA. La consulta de esta tesis queda condicionada a la aceptación de las siguientes condiciones de uso: La difusión de esta tesis por medio del servicio TDR (www.tdx.cat) y a través del Repositorio Digital de la UB (diposit.ub.edu) ha sido autorizada por los titulares de los derechos de propiedad intelectual únicamente para usos privados enmarcados en actividades de investigación y docencia. -
Syllabus Botany
Written examination to be conducted for the post of Astt. Professor. Syllabus Botany Section A Phycology:- Algae in diversified habitats (terrestrial, freshwater, marine), thallus organization, cell ultra structure, reproduction, {Vegetative, asexual, sexual), criteria for classification of algae: pigments, reserve food, flagella, classification; salient features of Protochlorophyta, , Charophyta, Xenthophyta, Bacillariophyta, Phaeophyta and Rhodophyta: wIth special reference- to Microcystis, Hydroaktyon, DropernaldiopsisCosmarium, algal blooms, algal biofertilizers: algae as food, feed and uses in industry. Mycology: General character of fungi, substrate relationship in fungi, cell ultrastructure, unicellular and multicellular organization, cell wall composition; nutrition. (saprobic, biotrophic symbiotic) reproduction (vegetative, asexual sexual), heterothallism, heterokaryosis, parasexuality recent trends in classification. Phylogeny of fungi, general account of Mastigomycotina,Zygomycotina, Ascomycotina,Basidiomycotina, Deuteromycotina with special reference to PilobolusChaetomium, Morchella, Melampsora, Polyporus,Drechslera&Phomo, fungi in industry, medicine and as food fungal diseases in plants and humans, Mycorrhizae, fungi as blocontrol agents. Bryophyta: Morphology, structures reproduction and life .history,-distribution. Classification, general account of Marchantiales, Junger-maniales, Anthocerotales, Sphagnales, Funariales and Polytrichales with special reference to Piaglochasma, Notothylus and Polytrichurn, economic and ecological