Opponents of U.S. Aggression in Vietnam Call for Nationwide Demonstrations Oct. 15

SEPT 7 — The student anti­ war movement has called for na­ tionwide demonstrations on Oc­ tober .15 and 16 against the U.S. THE war in Vietnam. Local and region­ al conferences are also planned for the weekend. The specific ac­ tivities carried out in each area w ill be planned by the local anti­ war groups. The Berkeley Vietnam Day Com­ MILITANT mittee first proposed the “Inter­ national Days of Protest,” and the Published in the Interest of the Working People idea has been endorsed by the National Coordinating Committee Vol. 29 - No. 32 Monday, September 13, 1965 Price 10c to End the War in Vietnam and the Students for a Democratic So­ ciety (SDS). Jack Barnes, National Chairman of the Young Socialist Alliance, Cops Beat "Guilty"Plea said today that “ the National Com­ mittee of the YSA, which met in plenary session in New Y o rk re­ cently, has endorsed the Interna­ Out of L.A. Ghetto Victim tional Days of Protest, and urges every group and individual op­ posed to the war to do likewise, and to help build the International ACLU Will Defend Days of Protest into powerful demonstrations of opposition to the criminal war the U.S. is waging Man Whose Arrest against the people of Vietnam.” The National Coordinating Com­ Started Watts Riot mittee to End the War in Viet­ nam with headquarters in Madi­ By Della Rossa DEVELOPING MOVEMENT. Scene at New York demonstration son, Wisc., was established by rep­ LOS ANGELES — Marquette resentatives from 17 antiwar com­ against Vietnam war. Such actions are growing in scope and Frye, whose arrest last August 11 mittees, including the Berkeley frequency. touched off the Watts uprising Vietnam Day Committee, at the here, has revealed that he pleaded Assembly of Unrepresented Peo­ w ar . . . will be the first major action of guilty to the charge of drunken ple held in Washington last month. “We call for a weekend of Viet­ the antiwar movement in the new d riv in g only because he was so The draft call for the Interna­ nam action across the country, school year. Over the summer, the badly beaten by the police that tional Days of Protest issued by emphasizing: 1) regional confer­ committees against the war which “it was a day or two before I SDS declares: “The United States ences, meetings w hich w ill bring were formed in the wake of the knew what was going on.” is fighting an unjust war in Viet­ together students, community or­ April March on Washington, con­ He and his brother, Ronald, ar­ nam, intervening in the civil war ganizers, ministers, poor people, tinued to function at summer rested at the same time on charges of another country, creating dicta­ and other local constituencies to schools, and carried on w ork of resisting an officer, changed tors who keep the people of South plan coordinated regional action agai nst the war in the cornmunity . their pleas Sept 2 to "not guilty" Vietnam in a state of intolerable and to discuss the many connec­ After the International Days of through" their attorney, A. L. Wi- poverty and who severely sup­ tions between local issues and the Protest, the antiwar groups are rin of the American Civil Liber­ press their basic freedoms . . . war in Vietnam; 2) local confer­ scheduling a national convention ties Union. “The war in Vietnam is the re­ ences, meetings of neighborhood in Madison over the Thanksgiving Ronald Frye said he had pleaded Police Chief Wm. Parker sult of a policy which ignores the groups in specific local commun­ weekend, to launch a coordinated guilty earlier because his brother basic human needs and desires of ities to initiate discussion and national movement. was “throwing up blood — I people from all over the world, in­ action on the issue of Vietnam; thought that by pleading guilty with smiles on their faces. They cluding the United States. The 3) campus conferences, meetings my brother and I could get out of were happy. They were getting people of the Los Angeles ghettos of student groups to begin rebuild­ Students Assail jail and my brother could obtain things they never had a chance to riot because they must live under ing and expanding the student medical attention.” get before. None of them thought unbearable social conditions with­ peace movement . . . Vietnam Bombings The mother of the two young they were robbing or stealing. The way they saw it, they were taking out any hope of escape. The peo­ “ Contact has been made w ith The extent of the opposi­ men had also been arrested in the what rightfully belonged to them.” ple of South Vietnam rebel be­ groups in Latin America, France, tion to Washington’s aggres­ same incident but had pled not cause they live under the same Japan, England — groups from The real leaders of the rebellion, sion in Vietnam was indi­ guilty to a charge of interfering conditions . . . In Los Angeles, the all over the world. These groups Coleman said, “ were the guys hit­ cated when the National Stu­ with an officer. It was the beat­ city authorities try to crush the w ill be sponsoring demonstrations ing of Frye and the manhandling ting the stores, not the guys you dent Association convention rioting by sending in more police­ and other activities in their own of his m other when she came out see on TV. These white-owned men; in Vietnam, the United countries on these days . . . We voted overwhelmingly to con­ of her house to see what was stores were run by crooks. I, know States tries to crush the South call for the people of the United demn U.S. bombings in Viet­ happening to her sons, that they were crooks, and they know Vietnamese revolution by sending States to join this international nam. NSA represents stu­ sparked the six-day disturbance. they were crooks. I was at 103 St. in more Marines. Poor people in protest . . dent governments at 300 U.S. Los Angeles Police Chief William and Imperial for three hours one America and the South Vietnam­ The October 15-16 weekend of colleges and universities. Parker — as well as the press, time where there were no police ese people are fighting the same conferences and demonstrations radio and TV — placed great em­ around and everyone was taking phasis on the guilty plea when it stuff from stores. But they left was made, claiming this proved one M e x i c a n-American-owned Take It Up in Your Union the black community’s charge of store alone, because the owner, police brutality was unfounded related to the community. Nobody and the uprising was the work of touched it.” “criminals and hoodlums.” Coleman said that, to the ghetto Negro, the establishment of “law Miss. Farm Strikers Need Help An Interview and order” means that “the police The factors in the uprising were are free to start beating heads The Mississippi Freedom Labor an hour, an eight-hour day with The AFL-CIO, with its vast re­ discussed with this reporter by again.” This is what happened Union (MFLU) was formed in time-and-half for overtime, sick sources, could provide decisive aid Woodrow Coleman, co-chairman after the National Guard came in, Shaw, Miss., in early April, among pay, health and accident insur­ to the strikers and to the MFLU of the Non-Violent Action Com­ he said, while “before the police Negro farm workers. Within two ance, and equal employment prac­ mittee (N-VAC) in an interview were too busy running here and organizing drive. Such aid would weeks of its founding, 1,000 Negro tices in wages, hiring, and work­ Aug. 19, just a few days after there trying to put out fires.” workers had signed up, and more ing conditions. Cotton choppers strike a blow for the Negro strug­ the disturbance had spent itself. Coleman said one night during than 200 agricultural day laborers are currently paid $3 for a dawn- gle and help organized labor itself Of all the civil rights organiza­ the disturbance he entered an alley went on strike to win a union con­ to-dusk workday, and tractor driv­ by extending unionism into the tions here, N-VAC is closest to the off Central Ave. “because there tract. The union spread to at least ers get $6 a day. anti-union South. Union members black people of the ghetto and its was a guy there bleeding and I six other counties in the state, and In McComb, Miss., the local should demand that their locals, members were on the scene in the wanted to help him.” He con­ is still waging a bitter strike strug­ MFLU originated in a strike of central labor bodies and interna­ thick of the uprising. The inter­ tinued, “A plain car came up with gle against the corporation farms. maids working for the Holiday tional unions send urgently needed view was held in the organiza­ five uniformed officers inside. The strike has been affected by Inn. They were paid about 39 cents support to the MFLU. Other or­ tion’s headquarters on Central They say the crowd gathered and the seasonal character of farm an hour, and struck for $1.25. As ganizations and individuals can Avenue, north of Watts, in the got out and just started swinging w ork. There is a busy season of the strike developed, many people help right away by sending money heart of the sprawling Los An­ with their clubs. They didn’t say cotton chopping (weeding) during in the Negro community joined directly to the Mississippi Free­ geles ghetto. anything, just started swinging. the spring and early summer, but the union. dom Labor Union. “Everyone was involved in the “One guy came up to me bleed- then a lull in work until the harv­ Though civil rights workers, es­ Contributions can be sent to the so-called riots,” Coleman said. (Continued on Page 4 ) est, which begins at the end of pecially the staff and volunteers follow ing: “ The people live in little houses August and extends into the fall. of the Student Nonviolent Coor­ M FLU , Box 547, Shaw, Miss.; just behind the business street. Anne Braden reported in The dinating Committee, have helped M FLU , 719 Lee St., Cleveland, Somebody would break a window Southern Patriot that, “Best estim­ to establish local unions in the Miss.; MFLU, Box 30, Indianola, and then everyone would go in. Summer's Over ates are that at least 2,000 Negroes Mississippi Delta, the locals are Miss.; MFLU (Washington Coun­ From everywhere you could see During July and August stayed away from the fields at the controlled and supported financial­ ty), 830 Nelson St., Greenville, the women and kids and families The Militant is published height of cotton chopping season ly solely by their members. The Miss.; Frank Davis, MFLU, Gen­ coming up and getting this mer­ every other week. W ith this in June.” The union plans a big MFLU office in Shaw has served eral Delivery, Rosedale. Miss.; chandise, getting food, getting issue we resume regular push during the harvest. as a coordinating center for the MFLU, 610 Summit Street, Mc­ clothes. I could see them as they’d weekly publication. The union is demanding $1.25 locals. Comb, Miss. go into these stores and come out Page Tw o THE MILITANT Monday, September 13, 1968

THE NATIONAL Trustees Back 'G ag' Rule Free Speech Fight at Ohio State Picket By Rod Holt L i n e CLEVELAND — The Board of Trustees of Ohio State Univer­ Rubber Union Heads Yield on Hours sity is determined to continue its 14-year tradition of supporting By Jean Simon McCarthyite thought control. This CLEVELAND — Labor’s his­ dustry.” The only other rubber was made clear last month when toric struggle for a shorter work­ plants on this schedule are Fire­ the board voted five to three to day received a major setback this stone in Los Angeles and U.S. uphold the “gag” rule banning summer. The B .F. Goodrich Rub­ Rubber in, Detroit. from the campus speakers who are ber Co. and the negotiating com­ The six-hour day was originally not acceptable to the university mittee of United Rubber Workers started by management — the president. Local 5 succeeded in selling the Goodyear Co. in Akron — in 1931, In 1951, when the campaign union membership an agreement supposedly to “spread the work” against dissident thought reached returning to the eight-hour day, during the Depression. Actually, hysterical extremes, Gov. Lausche 40-hour week — replacing the six- all it did then was spread the (now Senator) asked the Board of hour day, 36-hour week which has poverty, since the six-hour day Trustees to give the university been standard in the rubber in­ didn’t mean a six-day week — a President powers to screen and dustry in Akron since 1931. tire builder might be lucky to get ban guest speakers from the cam­ First reactions in local labor cir­ three or four days. pus. The gag rule was promptly cles show limited appreciation of When Goodyear announced its passed and directed at all “who the significance of this retreat, of intention of dropping the six-hour are subversives or those who are allied to them in purpose or ac­ the need for sounding the alarm day in 1936 in favor of a more tion ...” A storm of protest throughout the union movement “flexible” schedule, the United gathered, particularly since faculty and mobilizing a nationwide cam­ Rubber Workers had been or­ liberals thought that such screen­ paign for a shorter workweek. ganized, a long strike followed and ing was strictly their prerogative. The Summit County Labor the six-hour day stayed. But the storm vaporized in 1953 News, official publication of or­ It was a bargaining goal of the when Sen. McCarthy himself ar­ ganized labor in Akron and vicini­ rubber workers for years nation­ rived on the OSU campus to exor­ ty, headlined the story: “Local 5 ally, and the six-hour day, 30- cise, before TV cameras, Profes­ Members Vote Switch to 8-Hour hour week is still an objective in sor Darling, “pinks,” and other the United Rubber Workers consti­ Day — Act Paves Way for BFG such evil conspirators against the tution. Modernization Plans With No Job glorious American way of life. Loss.” The vote was characterized Six Hour Standard as “ w hat could be regarded as an The following nine years were W ith the exception of the World isolated local election or possibly marked by cautious maneuvering a precedent for the rest of the War II period, it has been the by faculty, administration, and standard in Akron rubber plants rubber industry.” the Board of Trustees. University FREE SPEECH, BERKELEY STYLE. Scene at University of Cali­ for nearly 35 years, and, accord­ facilities were extended to such fornia as cops dragged off demonstrators during last fall’s historic The labor paper, which bears on ing to McIntyre, today about 18,- as Dr. Fred C. Schwarz and his its masthead the traditional slogan, free speech fight. Student resistance to curbs on their rights has 000 Akron workers employed at Anti-Communist Crusade, while “One For All; All For One,” re­ six rubber plants are on the six- the left was obliged to speak off flared up on a number of campuses. ports without comment the com­ hour day, six-day week. campus. Protest from liberal, labor pany statements that the action of In 1956 the proposal to drop the and professional groups had little Local 5 makes the Akron plants sential. So actions were postponed from liberal faculty elements, so six-hour day at Firestone was de­ effect, except to force rewording, of the firm more competitive with while the faculty negotiated. At that scheduled civil disobedience feated by a 4,772 to 1,313 vote. modifying and obscuring of the the year’s end, the faculty was was called off. Meanwhile, rumors its plants outside of Akron which A year and a h alf ago, M cIntyre gag rule. Finally in 1962,. are on eight-hour shifts, and to defeated and the Board of Trustees were circulated that the Board of reports, Clifford C. Shaffer, vice the faculty was given the right unanimously upheld the gag rule. Trustees would yield. President which much of the work has al­ president of Goodrich Local 5, to screen speakers, it appeared ready been transferred. That summer saw the disappear­ Fawcett himself claimed he op­ said: that free speech m ight fin d its ance of what little student move­ posed the gag rule. The Board Local 5 officials, headed by “The workers would storm this way through the bureaucratic ment was left. ignored faculty and student pres­ President Jack Moye, were joined union hall if you tried to increase labyrinth. Although legal efforts to kill sures to act in May, and then by the daily Akron Beacon Jour­ this workday. Not an officer here the gag rule continued, the situa­ voted in July to uphold mainte­ n a l in h a ilin g the company’s as­ Given Test will attempt to have a vote on tion remained unchanged until nance of the rule. surance that the “surplus” work­ an eight-hour day.” The new liberal rule was tested Herbert Aptheker, well known as ers would not be laid off and that But when the issue was raised in April 1962, when an anti- a Communist Party spokesman, Not Dead substantial company investment in in current negotiations, the union HUAC rally was scheduled. The was invited to speak in the spring But unlike previous years, the modernization of machinery and committee discussed it with man­ university president, Fawcett, vio­ of this year. He was banned, of Free Speech Front is not dead. equipment would keep production agement, then held a series of lated the rule itself to lock out course, but this time a group was Many of the older students have in Akron, instead of transferring meetings to sell it to the member­ three properly “approved” speak­ founded with the intent of abolish­ dropped off, leaving behind the it to other plants (where em­ ship before the fateful July 8 ers just one hour before the meet­ ing the Speaker’s Rule. Headed by more militant youth who talk of ployes w o rk longer hours at less vote. ing was to start. The lockout was Jeffery Schwartz, brother of one the Berkeley example and SNCC. pay). While the Local 5 opposition to apparently in response to a pro­ of the leaders in the 1962 fight, During the summer a new leader­ A Precedent the Goodrich deal lost the vote, test campaign from the well-organ­ the Free Speech Front declared ship reorganized itself along 100 the possible effect in mobilizing ized rig h t w ing in Columbus, O., itself ready to use the methods of percent democratic lines, directed The Beacon Journal did note, where the university is located. however, that the “historic vote” union militants in other locals to the civil rights movement and in­ itself toward the rank-and-file stu­ fight a similar attack on union The faculty rose up in anger, July 8 was “the first time rubber vited full student participation. dent and determined to proceed workers here have voluntarily conditions remains to be seen. since its own authority had again The FSF was able to secure wide independently of the faculty. Al­ broken with the six-and-six Also, when the “modernization” been violated, while at the same support, holding rallies, sit-ins, though just a fraction of its program at Goodrich destroys the time the students, not nearly so schedule, and could have eventual pickets, and a “ teach-in” involving original 300, the FSF is wiser and illusion that giving up union con­ concerned with legalistic techni­ effect on the workdays at other altogether several thousand stu­ stronger than before and well ditions can hold on to jobs, the calities, organized a Free Speech Akron rubber factories.” dents. However, the FSF leader­ capable of leading a decisive fight rubber workers will demand a press. The student movement was ship had not learned the lessons for free speech on the OSU cam­ The vote was 2,267 to 1,695, leadership with a program that quickly inhibited by its mistaken of 1962 and, ignoring the pleas pus during the coming school from an eligible membership of leads to victories, not defeats. view that faculty support was es- from its ranks, yielded to pressure year. 5,100, Thus by a m argin of 572 votes the door was opened for destruction of labor’s beachhead in the struggle for a shorter work­ day. In a special feature article The Rights Movement in Rosedale, Miss. July 9, Bruce McIntyre, Beacon Journal city editor, reviewed the By Billy Kochiyama practically no terror or physical car move. At his trial, the white because the porch door was locked. attacks from the white community history, of the six-hour day that [The author is a 17-year-old New worker, Dan Amory, found that Monday, there was even more because they knew the black peo­ has made Akron unique in the Yorker who spent part of the sum­ he was being charged with dis­ serious trouble. Richard Williams ple would fight back. The trouble turbing the peace and assault and labor field for some 30 years. mer in Mississippi as a volunteer and another Afro-American teen­ started when three white guys in battery. He surprisingly gained an “No other manufacturing cen­ civil rights worker. He is chair­ ager were jumped by four white a car decided to start trouble. They acquittal, even without a lawyer. ter has such a work schedule,” man of Students Against Social men. When several of their black kept yelling racial remarks and Of course, a black person would he pointed out, “despite the trend Injustice, an organization of New brothers went to rescue them, they swearing at me. They also tried to not have gotten off that easily. toward shorter working time in in- York teen-agers dedicated to the were shot at by the racists. At provoke two other workers and fight for freedom, justice and After the beating Saturday least three shots were fired. They myself into fighting them. It equality.] night, the black people were just also fired about three shots around wasn’t until all this happened that furious. About a hundred of them the house of Frank Davis, county I have gained quite an educa­ I finally lost my temper and just spontaneously started flow­ Freedom Democratic Party chair­ Weekly Calendar tion in Mississippi. The black peo­ yelled one curse word at them. ing into the streets, ready for war. man. That night about 25 of us ple of Rosedale really taught me a A few hours later I was arrested Men, women, old people and had an all-night watch on Frank’s lot. I was surprised to see how fo r obscene language. That one A D RATES young children began marching to house. We were equipped to deal militant and radical the black peo­ bad w ord cost me $27.50. I was with an attack. We had two guys The rate for advertising in this col­ the spot where the beating took ple really are. They w ill not only fingerprinted and pictures were place, to see if the white people guarding the front porch and two umn is 40 cents a line. Display ads are taken of me. However, I spent $2 a column inch. There is a ten per defend themselves from attacks by wanted to start something. It was manning the back porch. cant discount for regular advertisers. any racists but w ill also put down only about 10 minutes in jail be­ really beautiful. Cars filled with whites passed Advertising must reach us by th e Mon­ by “any means necessary” any cause a white worker quickly put the house constantly throughout day prior to the date of publication. Toms who get in their way. up my $50 bond. Made Rounds the night and early morning. At In my last week in Rosedale, That same evening a white Late Saturday night, the racists one point they dropped dozens of N E W YORK I saw the black people practice worker was beaten up by the same started making the rounds of sev­ flyers in front of the Davis home POLITICS AND THE A N T I-W A R what they preach. Since the 17th racist who was harassing me eral of the black homes, knocking — flyers advertising a Klan rally MOVEMENT. Debate: DAVID McREY- of July, the situation has been earlier. Another jumped a Missis­ on their doors. They also came to at which Shelton was speaking. NOLDS, a Socialist Party spokesman; quite tense in Rosedale. The FBI sippi Student Union member who the house where I was staying. I They also tacked many of these PETER C A M EJO , candidate of Socialist has placed Rosedale on their list was with the white worker. The was sleeping in the front room flyers on doors of black homes. Workers Party for President of City as a place to watch. A lot of good MSU member really took care of and when I saw these two racists But they didn’t start anything. C ouncil. Fri.. Sept. 17, 8:30 p.m. 116 him. He pushed the white man so I jumped out of bed. Fortunately, University PI. C ontrib. $1, students 50c. the racist FBI w ill do. They knew there wouldn’t be any Ausp. Militant Labor Forum. Up until July 17, there had been hard into a car that he made the they couldn’t get to the house door of that “nonviolence” nonsense! M onday, Septem ber 13, 196.5 THE MILITANT P age T h re e Pacifists Clash on Politics of New Left By Harry Ring ensure “ peace” and “stability” in “ In opposing the March on PL, DuBois Clubs, etc., are “to­ Vietnam. Washington against the war in talitarian” and/or apologists for The escalation of the Vietnam Vietnam,” Lynd declares, “Rustin Moscow or Peking. But they know war and the coincident emergence By the same token, Pickus was deeply agitated by the April 17 has permitted himself to drift into that while the Trotskyist move­ of a new, radical, antiwar move­ that posture which once evoked ment (SWP and YSA) supports ment, have created acute ideolog­ March on Washington to End the War in Vietnam which its sponsor, epithets such as ‘labor lieutenants the USSR and China as against ical and political difficulties for of capitalism.’ Exaggerated as such imperialism, it is ideologically in­ the old, established peace move­ Students for a Democratic So­ ciety, carried through on the basis labels may have been, they desig­ dependent of and opposed to the ment. The controversy was given nated something real. There were ruling bureaucracies in both coun­ a public airing in the June-July of the principle of nonexclusion. A student friend of Pickus’ re­ in Europe and there are now in tries. Since Pickus and McReynolds and August issues of the pacifist America pacifists and socialists can’t apply the same argument, magazine, Liberation. ported to him that the marchers included “a noticeable and voci­ who always support their own gov­ they choose instead to duck the Right-wing pacifists associated ferous minority of radical anti- ernment in international confron­ question. This makes clear, I think, with the magazine are up in arms Americans who apparently com­ tations when push comes to that their stated reasons for op­ against its editor, Dave Dellinger, pletely equated the United States shove.” posing nonexclusion are nothing and against Staughton Lynd, who with evil and the Vietcong and David McReynolds, another as­ more than a pretext. Their argu­ recently became an associate ed- Communists w ith freedom, peace sociate editor of the magazine, ment about “totalitarianism” is itor. Both are part of the militant and all that is good in man.” writes a lengthy document intend­ demagogy. wing of the movement. Even worse, according to Pickus, ed to delineate his differences with Further they deliberately twist Dellinger and Lynd have drawn Dellinger-Lynd. His specialty ap­ the meaning of a united front, the fire of their pacifist colleagues the March “was the first signif­ icant re-appearance on the na­ pears to be that of providing left- posing the idea of discussion of on a number of grounds. They wing arguments for right-wing differing ideas with other left- have expressed sympathy for the tional peace movement scene of United Front politics.” positions. wing groups as an alternative to struggle of the South Vietnamese it. The concept of the united National Liberation Front. They In a way it was. It was not a Unlike Pickus, he presents him­ Staughton Lynd front, which was first advanced are supporters of the Cuban Revo­ self as anti-Establishment. He de­ clares: “Neither the Soviet Union in a rounded way by Lenin, is a lution. They favor immediate, un­ simple one. All it means is that nor the Peoples Republic of China took on the job of selling the conditional withdrawal of U.S. groups with differing programs forces from Vietnam. They have now poses the m ajor threat to the Johnson-Humphrey deal to the independence of smaller states and who find themselves in agreement not whooped it up for Lyndon Freedom Democrats.) the freedom of peoples. The major on a specific issue or goal act in Johnson and the Democratic Party. Max and Ireland then add an a united way to achieve that They support the principle of non­ threat today is from Lyndon John­ son, the C IA and the U.S. M arine astonishing argument. They don’t goal. exclusion in the antiwar and civil defend the Johnson-Humphrey Corps.” This is based on a firm under­ rights movement — that is, they “compromise” and even character­ He goes so fa r as to declare: “ I standing that the participating don’t go along with efforts to bar ize its authors as “enemies” of the individuals or groups from dem­ made the mistake — working with groups maintain their organiza­ evidence then available — of back­ MFDP. But remembering their onstrations or other actions on tional independence and the full ing Johnson against Goldwater. “coalition” they add a parenthe­ grounds of political beliefs. right to continue to express their Today I would urge Johnson’s im­ tical remark: “It should not be for­ Some of the polemics are quite views on those questions on which peachment.” gotten that they [Johnson and they disagree. Actually, common harsh. Robert Pickus, Western Humphrey] also urged compromise “But,” he hastily adds, “I still action based on this principle pro­ area director of Turn Toward on those who would have voted think the theory of coalition poli­ vides the very best opportunity Peace, and u n til recently an as­ against the MFDP.” tics makes sense.” for supporters of differing groups sociate editor of Liberation, brands Dave Dellinger rebuts his critics Dellinger a “former pacifist” who Nor does McReynolds sim ply to exchange and consider each turn his back on the New Left. He with a strong indictment of the has embraced “quasi-Marxist prin­ other’s viewpoint. People with con­ even admits they’re half right in reactionary role of U.S. imperial­ fidence in their ideas, therefore, ciples.” their distrust of the adults and ism in the world and the need to Pickus declares Dellinger a have nothing to fear from such the old movements. But, he sternly oppose it without compromise. He common action. “ form er pacifist” because, he says, adds, they’re also half wrong. As hits at “Democratic Party coali­ a person falls into that category A final point. I think the dis­ Dave Dellinger they grow older, he is confident, tionists like Michael Harrington, when he “enthusiastically supports graceful positions taken by they’ll get more like him. “But at Norman Thomas, . . . and Bayard a regime or political force that Pickus, Rustin, McReynolds, et al, the moment the New Left is Rustin [who] cling to the notion uses mass violence to advance a united fro n t in the real sense of are most clearly understood when marked by a lack of civility, an that the United States has the right concept of justice with which he the term — a joint action by a analyzed from a Marxist, that is, absence of common good manners, to negotiate the terms and extent agrees.” group of differing organizations — a class view point. (F or reasons of in dealing with the older radicals.” of its military withdrawal.” He further flays Dellinger and since the great majority of the space I am leaving aside the gen­ McReynolds wants a “politically Answering those who see a con­ Lynd because they “ make distance participants were not affiliated eral question of pacifist ideology relevant” pacifist movement. He tradiction between his pacifism from [read “opposition to”] the with any organization. But SDS which Marxists regard as basically is “ prepared for the coalitions and and his sympathy for the Cuban American Establishment the test did solicit and receive the en­ unsound.) compromises” that may entail. Revolution and for the struggle of virtue.” dorsement and support of most of There are two basic features to “But,” he firm ly declares, arguing of the South Vietnamese guer­ A true pacifist, says Pickus, the left-wing youth organizations the outlook of Pickus, Rustin, and against nonexclusion, “I do not rillas, Dellinger simply declares: “must aim, not at polarizing, but for the March and it was the first McReynolds. The first is a blind propose to compromise on either “. . . the best way to resist in­ at permeating society. He must significant action of this type since hatred of the Soviet-bloc coun­ the issue of democracy or non­ justice is nonviolently, but it is not convince every Bircher, but he the advent of McCarthyism. tries, a hatred so intense that it violence.” nonetheless better to resist op­ must convince him enough so that This may be upsetting to Pickus pression violently than not to re­ leads them to view U.S. capitalism the pacifist’s election is not the but it had the enthusiastic sup­ For Johnson sist it at all.” as the “lesser evil.” The second signal for civil war.” port of the great bulk of the par­ I don’t believe him. I listened Donald M cKelvey, form er as­ is a complete lack of confidence Pickus is also greatly distressed ticipants. He can like it or lump it, to McReynolds at a M ilitant Labor sistant national secretary of SDS, in the capacity of the working about some of the views prevalent but the new antiwar movement Forum symposium in New York develops Dellinger’s point further. class, the Negro people and other among students of the New Left. just isn’t going for “loyalty” tests. last September urging socialists He declares that it is the duty of minority groups to change society. While accepting Dellinger’s obser­ While Pickus is declaring war not only to vote for Johnson but a leader in the struggle for a bet­ This leads to a futile search for vation that the student movement on “anti-American radicals,” to get out and campaign for him. ter world not to become isolated a “ lesser evil” among the U.S. rul­ is generally scornful of the Com­ Staughton Lynd demonstrates that T hat was less than tw o weeks after from those he would lead and that ing circles as expressed in the m unist Party, he is quick to point “pro-Americanism” is a barrier to Johnson had ordered the bombing if the ranks decide on the basis of “coalition” theory. out that they accept “communist” an effective struggle fo r peace and at the gulf of Tonkin. their experience that they cannot In his polemic, Dave McRey­ arguments. “There is nothing social progress. By pro-American­ A. J. Muste, dean of the pacifist achieve their goals nonviolently nolds angrily declared: “Rustin new,” he huffily declares, “in the ism he means loyalty to the Estab­ movement and a founder of Libera­ then it is the obligation of the may be wrong. Gilmore may be focus on American militarism or lishment and its imperialist for­ tion, joins in the discussion but, in leader to go along with them. wrong. Pickus may be wrong. But, ‘imperialism’ as the single villain, eign policy. a basic sense, straddles the issues. On the nonexclusion issue, Mc­ damn it Staughton, they are not or in locating the root cause in the Lynd directs a hard-hitting He is critical of the right wing but Kelvey offers a warning well the class enemy.” (emphasis in American ‘system’ as the prere­ polemic against the right-wing avoids solidarizing himself with worth noting. He writes: “ . . . the original.) quisite in the movement toward a positions of Bayard Rustin, aiming Dellinger and Lynd. Pretty much political danger in united front­ That’s true. But Lyndon John­ world without war.” his principal fire at Rustin’s pol­ the same approach is taken in an ing with the Establishment is very son is. Or, more precisely, he and Pickus’ views on “permeating itics, that is, his insistence that the article by author Nat Hentoff. great indeed. I might add that the his party represent the class the Establishment” are concrete. road to salvation is through par­ The issues in dispute are also political danger of not united enemy, the American capitalist For example, he considers it ticipation in and support of the subjects of controversy in the new fronting with the left is very great class which is responsible for the thoroughly unpacifist to favor im­ Democratic Party. Lynd marshals student movement. The Liberation also. We should remember that war in Vietnam and a host of other mediate, unconditional withdrawal facts to demonstrate that Rustin’s controversy is extended into the when Hitler was first elected crimes. And people who try to of U.S. forces from Vietnam. Such “coalition” line necessarily leads student movement in the summer Chancellor . . . he was elected be­ divert the struggle for social pro­ a withdrawal of Marines, bombs to active support for and white­ issue o f View point, a magazine cause the Communist and Social gress into “coalition” with the and napalm, you see, would not wash of the reactionary Demo­ published by individuals in New Democratic Parties didn’t form a representatives of the very class cratic administration of Lyndon York SDS. Steve Max, a former united front.” against whom the struggle is di­ Johnson. national officer of SDS and a par­ There are a few additional ob­ rected are guilty of a terrible be­ He recalls that it was Rustin, as ticularly enthusiastic advocate of servations on this question that trayal. an advocate of “coalition,” who “coalition” politics, joins with are worth making. First, it is in­ tried to get the Mississippi Free­ Douglas Ireland, a student, in w rit­ teresting to note that in arguing dom Democratic Party to accept ing “A Reply to Staughton Lynd.” against the position of nonexclu­ the scandalous “compromise” (The pro-coalitionists were a small sion, Pickus and McReynolds, lim it McReynolds, Camejo worked out by the Party bosses minority at the last national con­ themselves to a choice of targets for the seating of a token delega­ vention of the SDS.) which include the Progressive La­ To Debate in New York tion at their Atlantic City conven­ The article tries to demonstrate bor Party, the May 2nd Movement, NEW YORK — Pacifist tion. that Lynd distorted Rustin’s posi­ the DuBois Clubs and Youth David McReynolds will de­ He further points out that Rustin tion, but all the contrasting quota­ Against War and Fascism. Neither bate Peter Camejo on the is­ was acting on the basis of his tions show is that Lynd effectively states their view on the Socialist sue of “Politics and the Anti­ political line of avoiding a colli­ cut through Rustin’s double-talk­ Workers Party and Young Socialist war Movement” at the M ili­ sion with the Johnson administra­ ing verbiage and accurately pre­ Alliance in relation to this ques­ tion when he tried to torpedo the sented the essence of his views. tion. This is not because they are tant Labor Forum, Friday April 17 March on Washington. Max and Ireland offer rather unaware of these groups since evening, Sept. 17, at 116 Uni­ Lynd offers a basic explanation feeble apology for Rustin. They both refer to them in other con­ versity Place. Camejo is a of Rustin’s politics. He writes: make the point, for example, that texts. (In practice, people like member of the national com­ “The coalition he advocates turns it was Johnson and Humphrey, not Rustin and Pickus try to exclude mittee of the Young Socialist out to mean im plicit acceptance of Rustin, who engineered the “com­ them too.) A lliance and is the Socialist the Administration’s foreign pol­ promise” at Atlantic City. (Lynd Their problem is this: They try Workers nominee for Presi­ never said otherwise. He simply icy, to be coalition with the to justify their opposition to left- dent of the City Council. David McReynolds Marines . . .” reported, that it was Rustin who wing unity with the argument that Page F o u r THE MILITANT M onday, Septem ber 13, 1965

China Seeks World Power? THE MILITANT Editor: JOSEPH HANSEN A U.S. Propaganda Hoax Managing Editor: BARRY SHEPPARD Business Manager: K A R O LYN KERRY Published weekly, except during July and August when published bi-weekly, By Robert Vernon U.S. is here openly engaged in ag­ by The Militant Publishing Ass’n., 116 University PI., New York 3, N.Y. Phone The growing opposition to John­ gression by occupying Chinese ter­ CH 3-2140. Second-class postage paid at New York, N.Y. Subscription: $3 a year; son’s wars of aggression against ritory, maintaining a puppet “gov­ Canadian, $3.50; foreign, $4.50. Signed articles by contributors do not necessarily the peoples of Vietnam and Santo ernment” on Taiwan, establishing represent The M ilitant’s views. These are expressed in editorials. Domingo reveals a deep-seated re­ hostile m ilita ry bases w ith o u t the jection of the major premises and consent or agreement of the Chi­ Vol. 29 - No. 32 345 M onday, S eptem ber 13, 1965 “philosophy” of the cold war wag­ nese government. Opponents of ed over the past tw o decades. One Johnson’s wars should take up the mainstay of cold-war demagogy is challenge of illegal U.S. occupa­ the old bromide that Soviet Rus­ tion of Taiwan, as well as the CORE Leaders Do a Disservice sia is pursuing a goal of world illegal occupation of the Guanta­ New York CORE and James Farmer did a serious disservice domination. This “argument” has namo base in Cuba — both fla­ grant acts of U.S. aggression and to the cause of civil rights with their endorsement of W illiam F. a brother, the one that sees all violation of international law. Ryan’s mayoralty bid in the Democratic primary election. It was social upheavals, revolutions, and the first such endorsement of a candidate by CORE. struggles for national liberation as Now consider this. Here we nothing more than an extension of have China, a nation which we Virtually all of CORE’s efforts to combat New York Jim the national power of the Soviet are told is hell-bent for world Crow have been necessarily directed against the Democratic city Union. domination, which has not even administration that has ruled the city for years. Almost any issue But the USSR has not added to gotten round to reclaiming its own that you can name is the product of a failure of the administra­ itself a square inch of new real national territories still held by tion to enforce the rights of the Negro people or to act in their estate since the Forties, and no Britain (Hongkong), Portugal behalf. The segregated school scandal; the free hand given Harlem one outside the U.S. takes this (Macao), and the United States and Bedford-Stuyvesant slumlords; mounting police brutality; “argument” seriously, while the (T aiw an). failure to enforce fair hiring practices regulations — these and a younger generation of Americans In the light of the unceasing host of other evils constitute a thoroughgoing indictment of the is less than convinced. Lately, hostility of the U.S. imperialists Democratic Party as an opponent of freedom, justice and equality American propaganda has shifted to the Chinese people ever since its tune to the equally fanciful the latter won their freedom from for the Negro people. notion that China is out to take Western domination in 1949, and Those in the CORE officialdom responsible for the decision over the world. (The absurdity considering the U.S. armed might to campaign for Ryan w ill undoubtedly argue that what we have of two great powers, in disagree­ and missiles encircling China from said about the Democratic Party is true enough but that’s why ment with each other, both taking Korea to Thailand, the accusation it’s necessary to get behind a liberal like Ryan. over the same world at the same against the Chinese is nothing This is a false argument. Regardless of intention, no individ­ tim e does not seem to trouble short of one of the most brazen ual can alter the character of the Democratic (or Republican) most dupes of U.S. capitalist pro­ Chou En-lai and vicious Hitler-like lies that paganda.) Party as a representative of the business, banking and real estate China’s Premier have ever been drummed repeat­ interests responsible for the plight of the Negro people. The new “party line” is that, edly and monotonously into a while Russia is “bad,” China is brainwashed public anywhere. A ll that a liberal like Ryan can do is refurbish the badly sive response in the Korean War “worse,” and is responsible for President Johnson, that para­ tarnished reputation of the Democrats and foster the illusion that when the vital Yalu River in­ all the world’s troubles. This is a gon and shining knight of Truth dustrial complex was threatened with the “right men” the party can be changed into an instru­ basic premise, something so ob­ enthroned, rants and raves about by the U.S. aggressors sweeping ment of the people. By their endorsement of Ryan, the leaders vious that it does not even have to the poor Vietnamese who, want through North Korea. of CORE only serve to further that illusion. be discussed. Johnson’s supporters it or not, must be “protected” It is to be hoped that CORE activists w ill repudiate the self- fall back on it as their trump card, The “ case” the U. S. propagan­ from the “growing might and the defeating action of their officials. An effective way of doing so is the squelcher to end all argu­ dists have cooked up to make grasping ambitions of Asian Com­ by registering their vote for the Socialist Workers mayoralty ments. Anyone who disagrees is China out to be a power-mad ag­ munism.” gressor hell-bent on world domin­ ticket, the only ticket in the field honestly and unambiguously “naive . . . lacking understanding And who are the Vietnamese ation rests on the following ex­ committed to the struggle for equal rights. of the real nature of the Com­ people who are to be “protected” munist Menace to our Way of hibits: Tibet, Korea, Quemoy and under the tender mercies, grasp­ Life.” What could be more con­ Matsu, India (1962), and Viet­ ing ambitions, and napalm bombs tem ptible than someone who does nam today. of Caucasian Capitalism? Since Another CIA Slip-Up not understand the “true nature Korea and Vietnam are flagrant 1941, the Vietnamese people have The latest case of the State Department getting caught in a of Communism” ? Such a person acts of U.S. aggression. T ibet was been waging battle against assort­ brazen lie about the activities of the CIA should underscore why is to be dismissed smugly as not always considered a part of China, ed gangs of imperialists, against this country is regarded with fear and contempt by a large part worth talking to, and must be a rightly or wrongly, and the im­ the French and Japanese, against of humanity. This time it was Singapore’s Prime Minister Lee Communist dupe or a Red in dis­ perialists themselves don’t claim renewed French aggression from guise. to have much of a case there. 1946 to 1954, and from 1954 to Kuan Yew who exposed the utter deceit of the men who run this Not New The border dispute and hostili­ date against U.S. imperialism and co u n try . Seems like we heard this “ argu­ ties with India in 1962 took place its Jack-in-the-box Saigon “ govern­ Apparently incapable of learning from previous experience ment” before. In the old days, on Chinese territory, if we are to ments.” For twenty years, the Viet­ (like the U-2 incident), the State Department rushed into print “experts on Communism” held up believe maps printed in the West namese people have been fighting with an indignant denial when Lee charged that the CIA had of­ the Chinese revolution as an ex­ prior to 1949, or on Indian ter­ a revolutionary battle unequaled fered him a $3.3 m illion bribe to cover up revelations about CIA ample of Russian imperialist ex­ ritory if we consult maps printed anywhere in heroism and sacri­ agents caught committing espionage in Singapore, with which pansion — just as today they pre­ since “we lost China.” (Talk about fice, against bloodthirsty and mur­ the U.S. was supposed to be on the best of terms. sent the Vietnam revolution as 1984!) We have a good case fo r derous counterrevolutionary war considering India the aggressor in machines. When Lee exhibited a 1961 letter from Dean Rusk admitting “aggression by Red China.” Until the outbreak of public disputes this instance. With L. B. Johnson’s help, it the whole episode, the red-faced State Department had to reverse between Peking and Moscow, a Only a twisted mind could call is entirely likely that social rev­ course and admit it was in “error.” large section of the American pub­ the Chinese aggressors in refer­ olutions and communism will Reacting to the initial State Department denial, Lee reportedly lic actually believed that China ence to Quemoy and Matsu. Que­ sweep through much of the world, shoved the letter in a newsman’s face and declared: “The Amer­ was a satellite of the Kremlin and moy, Matsu, and Formosa but it is an absurdity and a mon­ icans stupidly deny the undeniable. If the Americans go on deny­ a colony of the USSR. (Taiwan) are all Chinese terri­ strous lie to present such social ing, I w ill have to disclose further details which may sound In 1952, “How did we lose tories which the Chinese have the change as the extension of the like James Bond and ‘Goldfinger,’ only not so good, but putrid China?” was an election issue in sovereign right to reclaim, by national power of any particular and grotesque enough.” the United States. “We” of course whatever means necessary. The noncapitalist country. Some idea of what Lee was talking about was suggested in were the U.S. capitalist rulers who sincerely felt that China and its a New York Times dispatch from Hong Kong. Seymour Topping resources were destined to be wrote: “There is a remarkable sim ilarity in the complaints lodged under American control and ex­ • • by all these leaders [in Southeast Asia] as they drifted away ploitation. L. A. Ghetto Victim from the United States. For example, all have charged that the “We” had just defeated Japan (Continued from Page 1) “The uprising was against the CIA conducted hostile operations against their governments dur­ in a long and costly war to deter­ ing and he said: ‘What did they power structure, but the people ing periods of ostensibly correct relations w ith the United States mine which imperialists, the hit me for, I was just looking for who were doing it had no political . . . In Indonesia, President Sukarno recalls that the agency sup­ Japanese imperialists or the my kid, what did they hit me for?’ conception of the power structure. ported the abortive 1958 rebellion . . . Prince Sihanouk charges American imperialists, were going He kept running around asking for that the CIA backed an underground group . . . Burmese are to dominate China and the Far a gun. They made him want to They saw it as the crooked credit East. And to whom did “we” so still resentful . . .” etc., etc. k ill.” store. This is part of it, but not mysteriously “ lose” China? To the Coleman said the demonstration And then the Voice of America explains how the U.S. is de­ the controlling interest.” Chinese? To the Chinese Com­ by the Committee to Support the In spite of 4,000 arrests and over fending them against those immoral Bolsheviks. munists? No, to the . . . Russians Grievances of Watts Negroes in 30 Negroes killed, the black peo­ — such was the mentality of front of the Police Administration ple in the ghetto do not feel de­ American politics at that time. building Aug. 13 was appreciated, feated. The uprising Coleman said, Real Academic Quality How has China been doing in “but the real demonstration that “was the best thing that ever We’re pleased but not surprised to learn that the new campus living up to the world-c9nquering night was right here in the ghetto. happened in Los Angeles. It unit­ protest movement is led by students who meet top academic image conferred on it by the U.S. It was the biggest demonstration ed the Negro community more propaganda machine? standards. This was established by a team of psychologists from Los Angeles has ever seen. than ever before. It even made Not too well, frankly. Although “Not only the radicals, but me middle class Negroes proud they the University of California at Berkeley who tested and inter­ China is an industrious and dili­ and the civil rights groups, we were black. It started over police viewed thousands of students in different colleges over a five- gent, vigorous and virile nation, were all caught flat-footed. We brutality but if there are no really year period. although the Chinese Revolution, weren’t a part of this thing. basic changes it w ill happen again. Dr. Ralph Heist, a spokesman for the researchers, said some one of the greatest events in hu­ Groups like the United Civil This means number one, we’ve got people may have thought the Berkeley Free Speech Movement man history, is lifting one-fourth Rights Committee and the NAACP to have some jobs. The type of was sparked by “outside agitators’’ because they “couldn’t credit of the world’s population out of should have been presenting de­ guys who were doing it, they were students with the ability to organize such a well-directed and the past into the future, somehow mands while groups like N-VAC guys I knew of, unemployed and successful protest.” He commented: “Our study shows they were the Chinese seem pitifully inept, should have been in there with the honestly looking for jobs. Some I sluggish, slow-pokey, and down­ people, giving them ideas and recognized from my own union, very capable indeed.” right uninterested in taking over direction. And by that I mean lets Laborers Local 300. These were “Far from being rabble-rousers, beatniks or outside agitators,” the w orld. go for some real power, control guys I know didn’t have a job, he added, “student movement leaders tend to be in unusually The Chinese Red Army has over city hall, banks, the radio didn’t have any money. What hap­ serious pursuit of higher education.” never even been outside the bor­ stations, take the rebellion out of pened was a rebellion. And any- That’s why they’re in rebellion. They’re smart enough to see ders of China in its entire exist­ the Negro community and put it way you look at it, it was against they can’t achieve worthwhile goals under the present setup. ence, except fo r a belated defen- in the white community. racial discrimination" M onday, Septem ber 13, 1965 THE MILITANT Page F iv e Pro-Independence Fear Peruvian Gov't May Kill <

REVIEWS Puerto Ricans Rip 4 Imprisoned Peasant Leader and Draft for Vietnam The war in Vietnam was at­ tacked in a resolution adopted by the Puerto Rican independence REPORTS movement early in August. Part 4 of the resolution said: “The Movi­ ^ J miento Pro Independencia of Puer­ to Rico energetically condemns THE TIME FOR INDEPEND­ the other sections of the independ­ Johnson’s policy in Vietnam and ENCE, Political Thesis of the ence movement. joins the growing outcry of hu­ Pro-Independence Movement of The thesis draws attention to manity for an end to what is Puerto Rico. 117 pp., $1.25. the significance of the Cuban known as ‘the dirty war’ of the United States, a w ar w hich is com­ To understand the roots of the Revolution, stating, “The Cuban Revolution is the Western Hemis­ parable to the one unleashed by Puerto Rican movement for in­ H itle r 25 years ago in Europe.” dependence — the economic, cul­ phere’s most important event of this century. It represents an ad­ In Puerto Rico statements like tural, political and social struc­ the following one are being signed ture which has nurtured a strug­ ditional link in the agrarian and anti-imperialist revolution initiat­ before notaries by Puerto Rican gle for national liberation in the youth called for induction and colonial showcase of United ed in Mexico by Madero and Za­ pata . . added as a rider to the oath of States imperialism — this thesis allegiance inductees must swear. of the Pro-Independence Move­ “The significance of this fact is so extraordinarily transcendent It is reported that those who have ment is a must. presented such statements have Although the thesis puts for­ that there cannot be the least doubt that the Latin American not been inducted. The statement ward a disclaimer about Marxism- people, including Puerto Rico and reads as follows: Leninism and incorporates some other Caribbean countries, can no I, (name), after having duly of the pronouncements of the sworn in as required by law papacy on national liberation, its longer be the same after the Cuban Revolution.” do declare the following: materialist approach to the ques­ PERUVIAN FREEDOM FIGHTER. Hugo Blanco (second from left About 25 percent of the Puerto That I have been requested to tions of independence, the extent serve in the armed forces of the standing), and fellow peasant leaders in fight for land and liberty. of U.S. economic penetration, the Rican people live on the U.S. mainland. Concentrated in large United States by virtue of the law changes which U.S. imperialism of obligatory m ilitary conscription (World Outlook) — The troops The charge leveled against Hugo has introduced into the semifeudal urban centers, forced to live in ghettos, forced into the most of the country, which exists in sent out by the Belaunde govern­ Blanco is responsibility for the agrarian economy, the changes of Puerto Rico through the unilateral menial jobs, they represent a po­ ment to try to put down the guer­ killing of a gunman employed by the class composition of the so­ action of the Congress of the Unit­ a landlord, one Hernan Briceno. ciety, the discriminatory practices tential of the highest order for the rilla fighters in the Andes were American revolution. ed States. Hugo Blanco has assumed political against the people’s culture, the That said law, imposed on given orders “not to give any responsibility for the peasant ac­ trade injustices inflicted by the They represent, therefore, one of the main allies of the strug­ Puerto Ricans by brute force, quarter and not to take any pris­ tions in which Briceno was killed. U.S. Congress and the role of the leaves us no alternative to serv­ U.S.-controlled trade unions me­ gling ghetto masses. To under­ oners.” According to the press, a The real accusation against stand the conditions that have ice in the army of the United rit the strict attention of revolu­ government spokesman said that Hugo Blanco, of course, is organ­ brought the Puerto Rican migrants States except long prison terms. izing and mobilizing the peasants tionaries everywhere, especially in the aim was to end “once and for to these cities, it is necessary to I do not recognize any moral and showing them by precept and the U nited States. obligation to serve in the army of all the extremist subversion” and The thesis analyzes with fine be conversant with a political ten­ example the road to freedom. dency which is in the vanguard the United States and that my that no live “martyrs” were want­ scalpel how Puerto Rico, the sec­ only national loyalty is to Puerto In addition to Hugo Blanco, ond largest market in this hemis­ of the island’s left wing, the Pro- ed. fears are felt for the safety of Independence Movement. Rico, my only country. phere fo r U.S. goods, is econom­ This savage attitude has given other leaders similarly held in (Copies of The Time for In­ I repudiate the imperialist ag­ ically exploited, showing the rise to fresh fears for the life of Belaunde’s prisons without trial, dependence may be obtained from gression of the United States in enormous profits of corporations Hugo Blanco, Peru’s best-known including Daniel Pereyra, Vladi- Movimiento Pro-Independencia de my sister republic of Santo Do­ (which it names) in comparison peasant leader who has been held miro Valer, Félix Ceballos, Juan Puerto Rico, United Nations Mis­ mingo and in Vietnam and I would to the meager “benefits” to the without trial for more than two Quesada, Fortunato Vargas, An­ sion, P.O. Box 274, New York, never voluntarily act to aid in Puerto Rican people. years in the jail at Arequipa in tonio Cartolin and hundreds of N. Y. 10024.) any way the criminal and aggres­ It examines why the struggle the southern part of the country. lesser-known figures.. —Richard Garza sive acts that the United States for national sovereignty has as­ is realizing in those countries and He is under the jurisdiction of A committee is being formed in sumed such acute proportions in in other parts of the world. the Ministry of War which an­ Argentina to set in motion a wide recent years and it answers those THE KU KLUX KLAN: A CEN­ FOR WHICH, obliged to enter nounced that it would take no movement to demand the immedi­ critics of the struggle who deny TURY OF INFAMY by William the armed forces of the United prisoners in the current battles. ate release of Hugo Blanco. Pend­ its progressive role and proclaim Pierce Randel. Chilton Books, States by force, I presently do It is possible that the officials of ing announcements by the com­ its futility. 1965, 300 pp., $5.95. make known that I do so under this ministry w ill now decide to mittee, expressions of solidarity Of particular interest to trade protest and that it be known that give Hugo Blanco a drumhead and funds to help in the defense This is a description of various unionists here w ill be the section all that has been previously ex­ courtmartial to provide a “legal of Hugo Blanco can be sent to the episodes during the Reconstruc­ dealing with the relations of in­ plained is a reservation to the precedent” for summary execu­ weekly newspaper La Verdad, tion period, and a few in the ternational unions to the island pledge of allegiance I take upon tions of prisoners captured in the Casilla de Correo No. 7, Suc. 3t 1920’s, in w hich the K u K lu x K lan workers, while students will be entering. current struggle in the Andes. Buenos Aires, Argentina. interested in the relationship be­ was an active participant. It has, tween the university organization therefore, some value in docu­ that supports independence and menting Klan atrocities, and a few chapters, such as one dealing with the literature used to justify the Klan, are interesting. The main theme of the book, World Events however, is unacceptable. Randel Form New Party In India announced in a speech to the con­ from Panama. Earlier, the blood­ attempts once again to pass off vention that Sohyo is planning to stained Dominican junta of Gen. the work of the Klan as the prod­ Indian Trotskyists, at a three- dispatch “international organizers” Imbert claimed it had proof that uct of nothing more than human day conference in Bombay in early soon to Latin-American and Afro- Guevara was killed in the consti­ “irrationality,” “blind hatred,” and August, decided to form a new Asian countries. Their aim is to tutionalist uprising in Santo Do­ so forth. But Randel’s own docu­ political party to be known as the help solidify sentiment opposed to mingo. Unconfirmed reports, says mentation reveals the invalidity of Socialist Workers Party. The aim the war in Vietnam. Reuters, have had Che “slipping these familiar explanations. of the party w ill be to bring about into various Latin-American coun­ What he shows is that, far from a regroupment of Marxist-Leninist Free Debate Not W anted tries to train guerrillas since his irrationality, there was a glaring forces to achieve a speedy socialist disappearance from the Cuban Karol Modzelewski, young War­ logic in the procedures of the Ku transformation of Indian society. scene.” Klux Klan. They attacked “car­ The conference, chaired by Shri saw university instructor arrested Somendra Kumar, a trade-union on political charges including petbaggers” selectively. They went 'Hunting Guns' for S. Africa after the poor radicals who sym­ leader of Bihar, elected a nine- “ Trotskyism ” [see The Militant, pathized with black labor. They member organizing committee to June 14, 1965], has been sentenced Achkar Marof of Guinea, chair­ let off rich “carpetbaggers.” set up units in different states and to three and a half years, and a man of the UN General Assem­ What Randel sees as blind ir­ convene a regular conference of colleague to three. Reporting the bly’s Special Committee on Apar­ rational forces was the deliberate the new party. Shri Murlidhar sentencing, David Halberstam of theid, has accused the Japanese tactic of plantation owners and Parija of Bombay is secretary. The the New York Times wrote that government of selling arms and other Southern capitalists to de­ new party has fraternal relations Modzelewski had been influenced shotguns to South Africa under the stroy the democratic rights of the with the Fourth International by the debate in the Italian Com­ label of “hunting guns.” He re­ laborers which had been won in founded by Leon Trotsky. munist Party during a visit to vealed that Japanese officials are the early period of Reconstruction. Italy in 1963. “This kind of debate, considering selling under the same The Klan fought to prevent the Sohyo Blasts Vietnam W ar he decided, was what was needed label a “ highly sophisticated” 7.62 among the youth in the Com­ mm. rifle, used by Japan’s ground Negro from becoming a property The 4,200,000-member General munist party in Poland.” But when owner and attempted to destroy Council of Japan Trade Unions forces. Japan had reported to the he and several co-thinkers tried UN that it was applying a strict his political rights. In fact, Ran­ (Sohyo) ended its 28th conven­ to practice this in the Warsaw arms embargo against South A fri­ del shows that the Klan was no­ tion Aug. 4 in Tokyo with a res­ university Communist group, they ca. thing more than the armed wing olution pledging an “all-out fight were first pressured, then ex­ — George Saunders of the Democratic Party. against U.S. aggression in Viet­ pelled, and finally arrested. The Ku Klux Klan, like its pre­ nam.” decessors, misses the point. W hat The resolution denounced the In Detroit we need is not a book showing U.S. for violating the 1954 Geneva Specter in Latin America what the K la n did — but one agreement and for being respon­ A specter is haunting Latin Vote on Sept. 14 for: showing why the Democratic Par­ sible for the present situation in America, the specter of Che Gue­ ROBERT HiMMEL ty got away with it, one that Vietnam. The only way to bring vara. Colombian security officials Socialist candidate for mayor would expose the tremendous ef­ an end to the war, Sohyo declared, are circulating a photograph of No. 70 on the ballot fort capitalist America has made is through immediate withdrawal Che, reports an Aug. 28 Reuters REV. ALBERT CLEAGE to cover up one of the bloodiest of foreign troops from Vietnam dispatch, and security agents have (and still unfinished) chapters of and respect for its right of self- been sent to the Colombia-Panama Militant Negro candidate its history. determination. border to investigate rumors that for council Demonstration in Puerto Rico — Peter Camejo Secretary General Akira Iwai he might have entered the country No. 104 on the ballot Page S ix THE MILITANT M onday, Septem ber 13, 1965 FREEDOM FIGHTERS Frank Little: Anti-War Union Man [The following article is by central idea — the idea of the rev­ all the active centers from Chi­ of those who wanted to change that in the last resort all philos­ James P. Cannon, national chair- olutionary struggle of the workers cago, west. He had a habit of a l­ officers every year, etc. In the fac­ ophies are tested by deeds. man of the Socialist Workers Par­ for the overthrow of capitalism ways turning up in the place tion fight over this issue his ener­ The memory of Frank Little ty. It was published in Notebook and the establishment of the where the fight was on, or of getic and determined struggle seemed to be obscured for a time. of an Agitator, an anthology of workers’ society. Year after year, “starting something” — a strike, against decentralization was one Months and even years passed by, socialist journalism by Cannon through storm and conflict, a free speech fight or an agita­ of the most decisive factors in the and we did not see it mentioned Which can be obtained from through jails and prisons, he held tion, wherever he might be. defeat of the movement in 1913. Pioneer Publishers, 5 East 3rd St., resolutely to his chosen course to anywhere. But that is passing Frank Little’s influence was Frank Little’s last speech, for New York, N. Y. 10003, 362 pp., the end. now. The rising revolutionary very great amongst the type of which he paid with his life, was $4. The article first appeared in In his prime he had been a movement of today is learning to workers with whom he mixed all directed against the capitalist war. 1926 in the Labor Defender, the man of sturdy physical make-up, see past events in truer perspec­ his life — miners, migratory work­ In that speech he set up his own voice of the International Labor fitted for his hard and hazardous tive and bigger. The life and deeds ers, railroad builders, and the like. doctrine against that of the war­ Defense. Cannon was national sec­ trade as a metal miner. But the of Frank Little are beginning to Amongst this type of workers, the mongers. His philosophy, com­ retary of the ILD at the time.] hardships he endured, especially stand out as those of a hero of the first virtue is physical courage, pressed into a single sentence, was the body-breaking jails, took a American revolution, who has left and F rank L ittle possessed it to a picked up and carried all over the It is nine years, this month, heavy toll. In his later years the a priceless heritage to the coming since they hanged Frank Little to superlative degree. One of the country on the telegraph wires generation. tortures of rheumatism and other first remarks I ever heard about the trestle's beam in Butte. They with the news of his assassination: Frank Little will become a physical ailments were with him Frank Little was to the effect that put Frank out of the way and “I stand for the solidarity of la­ tradition, one of the greatest tradi­ constantly. But he bore these bur­ he did not understand the mean­ thought they were. through with bor.” This was the fin a l message tions of the American movement. dens uncomplainingly and never ing of the word “fear.” Later ac­ him, but they made a mistake. from that tongue of fire. A study of his life will become shirked any duties or obligations quaintance and association with The things Frank Little stood for Labor leaders on every side, in part of the revolutionary educa­ him confirmed my own opinion to — and that was the real Frank this and other countries, were tion of the American revolution­ the same effect, and I never heard Little — are still alive. The things fooled, bullied, or bribed into sup­ ary youth. His personal character­ anyone who knew him dispute Frank Little did in his lifetime porting the capitalist slaughter- istics of courage, honesty, straight­ that judgment. are not forgotten, and the memory fest. Frank Little was not- one of forwardness, self-sacrifice and I remember a characteristic in­ of them is not without influence them. And with a wisdom never rebel spirit w ill exert a strong in­ stance. D uring the ore-docks even today. learned in books, he seemed to fluence, which is much needed, on strike in Duluth and Superior in Indeed, Frank Little is begin­ sense the great historical signif­ the new fighters. 1913, after he had been kidnaped ning, after the interval of nine icance of the stand he was taking. The fragmentary notes which a and held under armed guard in a years, to loom bigger and bigger His speech at Butte, his letter to few of us are p u ttin g into this spe­ deserted farm house for several against the background of the Haywood, his resolution in­ cial number of the Labor Defend­ days; after several meetings of the events of his living days. The rev­ troduced in the General Executive er to keep his memory green, w ill strikers had been broken up by olutionary youth of America, es­ Board of the IWW on the subject not be the last words said about uniformed armed thugs of the pecially, with a wisdom of ap­ of the war, w ill influence the ris­ Frank Little by any means. It w ill steel company — he invited me praisal that belongs exclusively to ing young generation of the labor not be long till more systematic one morning to take a walk with the young, are beginning to mani­ movement much more than that of work is done, and the accounts of fest a great interest in the story of him down to the docks. With a his own day. pistol in his pocket and his hand his manifold activities and strug­ this daring rebel who threw his Frank Little sensed this. His let­ gles w ill be gathered together and on it, we walked for an hour or life away so carelessly for the rev­ ter to Haywood indicates clearly woven into a story of his life and two around the docks, directly olution. And with an unerring in­ that he expected he would have to work which will become a text­ past all the places swarming with stinct, they are picking him out pay with his life for the stand he book for the movement. gunmen, till we had completed the from the American personalities was taking against the war, but The Frank Little tradition is of his day as one of their own. entire rounds, crossing and re­ he considered it worth the sacri­ crossing company property many one of the best traditions of Here was a real American — so fice. He knew the great power of America. It is a tradition of the times. It was a rather dangerous much American that he was part example, and always considered American revolution. Indian — who, no less than Lieb- Frank Little trip to undertake, but he insisted knecht in time of storm and stress, on it, so there was no alternative. was capable of scorning all per­ on that account. Even the accident He considered it necessary, he sonal hazards and remaining true which crippled him shortly before said, “to show the gunmen that to revolutionary duty. The rebel his death did not turn him aside we are not afraid of them, and youth see him as a hero. His soul from active work. also to show the strikers that we’re Questions and Answers is marching on. Frank was a warm human, hat­ not afraid, so they won’t be It is known by all that Frank ing and fighting the exploiting afraid.” Little died a heroic death. It must class and all its personal repre­ Jail was double hell for Frank. The wild Indian strain in him, About Socialism also become generally known that sentatives savagely and bitterly. he lived the same kind of a life, But for the workers, especially for) combined with his rebel worker and that the final sacrifice he the rebel workers, he always had spirit, rendered confinement par­ made at the rope’s end in Butte, a soft and friendly mood. He was ticularly odious to him, and he [In this column we w ill try to answer questions about socialism and fig h tin g to the last fo r the cause inclined to look upon their short­ used to chafe in jail like a tiger Marxism. If you have a question you would like to see taken up in this column, please send it in. Comments and criticism are welcome.] of the workers and against the comings and weaknesses with an caught in a trap. Yet he never capitalist war, was of one piece indulgent eye. For his personal flinched from it, and — so great with his life-long record of activi­ friends he had a strange and won­ were his inner resources — he Would you explain what it is ernment’s ability to redeem the pa­ ty and struggle as a revolutionary derful kindness and considerate­ knew how to contain himself, to that gives our currency its value? per money with gold. I have heard it said that it is the worker. ness, and he was greatly beloved hold his rage in hand and to bear With the great depression of Frank belonged to the “Old by them. himself with a quiet dignity in gold behind it. But from another the 1930s, governments on the gold Guard” of the IWW. He was one Frank Little had many personal jail, which jailers as well as jail­ source I heard that the currency Is standard went off it, and would really backed by the total assets of its founders. Before that, he characteristics of a truly admir­ mates could not but be affected no longer redeem their paper cur­ was one of the militants of the able kind. His honesty, courage by. of the nation. — D.R., Palo Alto, rency with gold. Nations still used C alif. Western Federation of Miners. and selfless devotion to the cause I remember vividly to this day gold to settle debts between them­ of the workers stood out so the quieting effect of his entrance selves. The U.S. governm ent was With a singleness of purpose The answer to this kind of tech­ strongly and impressed itself so into the jail in Peoria, Illinois, dur­ possessed by few, he molded his nical question can only be out­ required by law to keep enough deeply on all who crossed his path, ing the strike and free speech gold in Fort Knox to cover part whole life’s activities around one lined here. Probably the best way that no one could forget them. fig h t there in 1913; and the re­ of its currency, but this was not money can be understood is by But the central feature of the buke he gave, in the tone of a the case fo r other nations. The whole personality of Frank Little, father talking to a child (he was reviewing its historical develop­ ment. U.S. also guaranteed to redeem The First 10 Years Of the one that it is most important about 35 then and was already re­ with gold, dollars held by foreign­ for the coming generation of labor cognized as a veteran), as he sat Money originated as a commodi­ ers, though other major countries American Communism fighters to know about and to on the bunk, calmly chewing his ty that people within a society did not. Dollars became the main strive to emulate, was his daunt­ tobacco, to an impulsive lad who were generally willing to accept in currency used in foreign trade. Report of a Participant less rebel spirit. wanted to start a “battleship” exchange for other commodities. The value of the dollar in inter­ His hatred of exploitation and prematurely. For example, in some societies, national trade is fixed in relation animals like cattle were used as By James P. Cannon oppression, and of all those who He also possessed m oral cour­ to gold by the law which requires profited by it, was irreconcilable. age, never fearing to take an un­ money. the government to redeem dollars He was always for the revolt, for popular stand in the organization, “Precious metals” — especially with gold at the rate of $35 an The author is a founder of American the struggle, for the fight. Wher­ never hesitating for a moment to gold and silver — became the ounce. The government’s ability to Trotskyism and the only living top ever he went he “stirred up trou­ identify himself, positively and money commodity in most socie­ m aintain this rate of exchange de- leader of the early years of the U.S. ble” and organized the workers to aggressively, with any proposal or ties because of the advantages they pends on many things, including Communist Party who has not re- rebel. Bosses, policemen, stool tendency he thought was right, have for this purpose: they don’t the competitiveness of American pudiated communism. pigeons, jailers, priests and regardless of how many stood deteriorate with time; they can products on the world market, the preachers — they were the con­ with him or against. “Decentral­ ge divided into units of any size; stock of gold it has accumulated The book contains: stant targets of his bitter tongue. ization” was a quite popular and they are easily transported be­ in the past, government foreign Sketches of Foster. Ruthenberg. He was a blood brother to all in­ movement in the IWW at that cause a small quantity embodies a expenditures, foreign investment, Browder. Lovestone and others, as surgents, “to every rebel and rev­ time. The migratory workers, with large value. the willingness of foreigners to well as of leading figures in the olutionist the world over.” their individualistic spirit, re­ Later, as commerce and bank­ hold dollars instead of exchanging Communist International. Frank Little had faith in the sponded quite readily to the idea ing developed, paper certificates them fo r gold, etc. w orking class. He v e rily believed of doing away with leaders and were issued by banks for gold de­ Though the dollar is tied to Essays on the Industrial Workers in the coming workers’ society and centralized authority and letting posited with them and these cer­ gold through international trade, of the W orld, Eugene V. Debs and he lived and died for it. His scorn each local run affairs as it saw tificates were often used in ex­ within the United States the value the socialist movement of his time, for cynics, pessimists, dilettantes fit. Frank Little stood like a rock change instead of the actual gold. of the dollar varies with the and the effect of the Russian Rev­ and phrasemongering “philosoph­ against this. He was one of the Then governments began issuing amount of money in circulation olution on the U.S. Negro struggle. ers” knew no bounds. He believed strongest pillars in the camp of paper currency backed by gold the relative to the goods and services and acted out the creed of action the so-called “centralizers.” government held. A t first the gov­ available, as well as other factors. 344 pp. — $6.00 and inspired all around him with His sound organizational in­ ernments guaranteed that the pa­ Therefore, it can be said that the the same attitude. stincts, fortified by wide experi­ per money could be exchanged for currency is “backed by the total Order through: He was not a “swivel chair” ence, enabled him to recognize a given quantity of gold at any assets of the nation,” in the sense Pioneer Publishers leader, but a man of the field quickly the disintegrating ten­ time. The government could print that, the conditions of the total and the firing line. He was always dencies of the “decentralization” more paper money than it had gold economy affect the value of the 5 E. Third St., New York, N . Y. 10003 on the trail, in the thick of the movement. He poured out the most backing in its vaults as long as dollar open fight. He was well known in withering invective on the heads people had confidence in the gov­ —Herman Porter M onday, Septem ber 13, 1965 THE MILITANT Page Seven

Letters From Our Readers

[This column is an open forum party has received a fairly good tegrationists of all colors and re­ twice what Sacramento residents conducted in all major colleges in for all viewpoints on subjects of press coverage and its birth has gions, and would like to make a do for the same service. What is every state; (2) Peace demon­ general interest to our readers. been heralded in a big way. financial contribution. Could you wrong with the Sacramento Muni­ strations to be stepped up in all Please keep your letters brief. There are momentous develop­ please tell me how I might send cipal Utility District? How. would large major cities throughout the Where necessary they will be ments taking place in India. On money to support their work? Socialists (or Communists) change country with increased numbers abridged. Writers’ initials w ill be the one hand big mass movements J.B. it if at all? In this respect is there of marchers and improved pro­ used, names being withheld unless are sporadically erupting against any difference between these two paganda media to get to the authorization is given for use.] the bourgeois state on the food [The address of the Deacons of left-wing movements? These ques­ masses; and finally (3) Resistance problem and other issues. These Defense and Justice is: Drawer tions need to be answered NOW to the draft increases. B , Jonesboro, Louisiana. E d it o r ] movements are being ruthlessly and quite plainly. The general Some people may think the last News from India suppressed. We shall be sending public will not be impressed by step to be dangerous or risky; but anything done in other countries. Bombay, India The Militant regular reports on Seeks Views conditions warrant drastic meth­ these questions. We need to have something to We here in India have estab­ Woodland, Calif. ods. Through the Quakers and the A shooting war has begun be­ show right here. lished a new, revolutionary social­ I have been waiting for 50 Peace M ovem ent we should sin­ tween India and Pakistan on the ist party — incidentally, called the years to see something actually Willard F. Smith cerely urge draft-age young men Kashmir issue and the ruling Socialist Workers Party. The new accomplished by the dozen or so 437 Community Lane to absolutely refuse to serve in bourgeoisie in both countries are socialist groups in this country. the armed services if they are to utilizing the war to channel pop­ A ll are for socialism in this coun­ be sent to either Vietnam or the £pHIIIIHIIIIIHIIIIIIIINIIIIIIIIIIIINIH|IIIHIIIinilllimillllll!llllllinilimilltt ular discontent into Hindu-Mus- Urges Action try but their time is taken up dis­ Dominican Republic. This consti­ lim communal riots. Communal cussing matters in other countries, Detroit, Mich. tutes the minimum we can do to 10 Years Ago riots have already started in sev­ or matters that have little to do The action of President John­ return this country to normalcy eral parts of East Pakistan and with building socialism here. I son leading to an increase in the and away from the holocaust of India. The traditional left in India (In The Militant) believe that if a small part of that draft call and the sending of large brinkmanship. is playing the role of faithful T hiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiitiiiitiiiiiiiim iiiiiiiiiiiiiiim iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii energy and money had been put numbers of troops to Vietnam is a I would certainly appreciate stooge of the bourgeoisie in the into a specific project, we would direct negation of his campaign comments, suggestions, and any 14-YEAR-OLD NEGRO BOY name of defending “national honor long ago have had something to pledges and a capitulation to the possible help on how to imple­ LYNCHED IN MISSISSIPPI BY and in te g rity,” etc. show to an unbelieving public as War Hawks in Congress. We are ment such steps. I am fully aware WHITE SUPREMACISTS — The We had a good public meeting socialism operating as nearly per­ now witnessing the triumph of the that the "professional patriots” degenerate brutality of America’s in Bombay on the occasion of the fect as possible in a capitalist type of foreign policy advocated and the entire neo-fascist right- 25th anniversary of the assassina­ Jim Crow system revealed itself economy. I would like to see the by Senator Goldwater during last wing w ill smear us and generally in full horror on August 31 when tion of Trotsky. columnists and letter writers an­ year’s Presidential election. The make life miserable. However, the the lynched body of 14-year-old We are impressed by your won­ swer this question: Should the so­ actions of the present administra­ issue is peace and we m ust p u t Emmett Louis T ill was found near derful work in connection with cialists find, themselves in power, tion brand this country as a war­ forth every effort to that goal. Greenwood, Mississippi. the civil rights and anti-Vietnam- just what specifically would they monger in the eyes of the entire Permit me to plead with all lib­ The body revealed that terrible war movements. do first with the economy? free world. Now more than ever erals, progressives,' pacifists, and S.K. torture — almost all the teeth I would like to know, accord­ all segments of the democratic and the peace movement to start knocked out, right side of the head ing to their way of thinking, just progressive Left must unite to quickly in a massive nation-wide beaten in — had preceded the 'National Honor' in Vietnam what is wrong with the U.S. post- stop this drift to war. campaign to protect the peace gunshot through the temple that office? Would socialists change it? I personally believe that at least while we still have time. This is killed the young Negro boy whose New York, N. Y. If so, how? Then there is public three courses of action are open to lite ra lly a case when tom orrow mother had sent him from Chi­ President Johnson, like every power. Living within 20 miles of us: (1) Increased militancy in may be too late! other embattled ruler in history, cago for a summer vacation with Sacramento, Calif., I pay nearly the “teach-ins” which should be Richard M. Woodruff relatives in the Deep South. must placate his oppposition at Young Till was kidnaped and home and arouse the fighting murdered by white supremacists spirit of his people against the foe because of a fancied “insult” to a abroad. In this difficult and po­ white woman. The “ insult” consist­ litically hazardous undertaking, l t Was Reported in the Press ed in his whistling outside a gro­ he has now resorted to that an­ cery store which he had just left cient and hitherto infallible dema­ Decline of French Empire — I t ’s Last week it canceled an order by ized that a good wind blowing in with five friends. — , Sept. 12, gogic nostrum —• he says “ our now clear w hy the U.S. has been the South Vietnamese regime for the right direction would have 1955. national honor is at-stake able to relegate such countries as a; shipment of luxurious office spread the fire into the white area. There are, I am sure, millions France to second place in the furniture. (After the order was Now a move is underfoot to raze of thoughtful Americans whose £iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiim iiiiiiiiii»iiiiiiiiim iiiiiim iiiim iim iiiiiiiim iii!: leadership of the Free World. canceled the South Vietnamese the slum. No plan has been offered conception of our national honor They don’t pay their spies the were advised to buy the furniture for alternate housing for the peo­ I 20 Years Ago | and its stake in Southeast Asia way We do. The Paris new mag­ locally or to obtain it through ple who live there. E = has matured since the time when azine L ’Express, reports that another U.S. agency.) ftiiiiiiiiim iim iiiiiitiiiiiiiiiiiiim iiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiim iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii; their grandfathers could be swept French cloak-and-dagger workers, Silent Summer — Thousands of into war by William Randolph Penny-Wise President — L y n ­ fish died off the Connecticut coast FILIPINOS FIGHT RETURN “badly paid, lacking in resources Hearst and his primitive chauv­ don Johnson, whose war in Viet­ recently as a result of industrial OF DESPOTIC U.S. RULE — and short circuited by amateurs,” nam is expected to cost as much inist tom-toms. They are not mov­ have been pressing for a wage pollution of the water. Forty tons Civil war threatens to break out ed by these high-voltage plati­ as $30 million a day, has advised of dead fish were removed from in the Philippines. Native land­ hike. The projected French budg­ tudes of Lyndon Baines Johnson. government agencies involved in the area and about three and a lords and capitalists, returning to et would allot a trifling $6.7 m il­ They demand a clear definition of the war that he wants them to be half miles of beach had to be their properties under the protec­ lion for spying. Compare that to just how the national honor is thrift-conscious. sprayed with a DDT solution and tion of U.S. troops, are moving our CIA which was able to offer involved in Vietnam, as they hear Appeal to New Yorkers — If with another containing'a garden­ against the Philippines people who one man, the prime minister of this ominous premonitory call for Singapore, a bribe of $3.3 million. you haven’t paid Con Edison your ia scent to combat the stench of fought the Japanese armies of their blood, their tears and their electric bill, please do so immedi­ the dead fish. Beaches had to be occupation . . . taxes. Communist Party Politics — The ately since they may be in urgent closed to swimmers to avoid con-' The Manila Daily Gazette of It seems to me that our pious Communist Party has given a need of funds. The company was tamination. August 25 declares in a headline: president, who so often proclaims bone-crushing rejoinder to the found guilty on two counts of “TROUBLE BREWING.” “Pam- Symbol — We thought it fitting he lives by the biblical precepts argument that its support of cap­ fouling the air with its power panga Seethes Again W ith Social that in reporting that the U.S. he learned at his Sunday school italist party politicians gets in the Unrest,” continues the report. This plant smoke stacks and this time population has reachéd 195 mil­ teacher’s knee, might do better to w ay of fig h tin g on basic issues. In the judge fined them $100 per “widespread discontent and rest­ lion, the Associated Press noted open the good book at Proverbs an enthusiastic article about W il­ count instead of the usual $50 lessness may soon explode w ith that the counting machine in the 20:3, and there read, “ I t is an liam F. Ryan, candidate for mayor violence,” says the Gazette. “ Ten­ it had paid for previous violations. census bureau office “looks like honor fo r a man to cease from in the New York Democratic prim­ ants fear that once again the land­ City officials hailed the ruling as an oversized cash register.” strife, but every fool w ill be med­ ary election, the Sept. 5 W orker a “victory.” owners w ill be able to return to notes with satisfaction that Ryan’s Most Likely Story of the Week their haciendas and reinstitute the dling.” Slum Clearance — St. Claire Taylor Adams stock has risen as a result of his — John Chancellor, new head of feudalistic system of burying “dramatic gadfly role in exposing Alley in the town of Dunedin, the Voice of America, asserts the them, ‘their children and their the city’s leaky water system.” Fla., is a row of hovels occupied U.S. propaganda voice w ill stick children’s children into debts For Negro Self-Defense by Negroes. For some time local to facts. “I am satisfied,” he de­ which they cannot hope to re­ Legion to Expand — The Amer­ authorities have been talking clared with a straight face, “that Brooklyn, N.Y. pay.’ ” ican Legion voted to permit vet­ about slum clearance but not doing the president wants , the: Voice to “During the chaotic three-year I was glad to read, in a recent erans of the cold war to join its anything. Then one of the shacks tell the truth.” issue of The Militant, of the for­ Japanese occupation,” explains ranks. Membership previously had burned down and authorities real- -Harry Ring the Gazette, “landlords, fearing mation of a self-defense organiza­ been confined to veterans of for the safety of their lives, moved tion by Southern Negroes, the World Wars I and II and the to Manila where they resided, Deacons. I feel that something of Korean “police action.” Mean­ completely- abandoning their land­ this sort has long been needed. while Admiral David McDonald holdings to their tenants.” On the one hand, the Deacons called on the people to show more INTRODUCTORY SUBSCRIPTION As pointed out by Li Fu-jen in have abandoned nonviolence appreciation for the military, and the August 4 M ilita n t, these land­ which, in the more reactionary what it’s doing around the globe. To reach the widest audience with our lords, like the native capitalists, parts of the South, has proved He said there was less apprecia­ coverage of the antiwar and Freedom Now to be only a sophisticated way of collaborated with the Japanese tion because “it is more difficult movements, we are offering a 4-month in­ throwing away lives. On the other, for many to see clearly why the imperialists. The people, on the troductory subscription to The M ilitant other hand, armed themselves, they are integrationlsts, and do military man is where he is.” fought the Japanese armies, in not seem to have committed for $1. ($1.50 outside of the U.S.) many instances freed themselves themselves to futile blind-alleys of Federal Crackdown — W ashing­ black racism. ton really means business about and instituted widespread social Name reforms. I feel that they deserve the fi­ cracking down on unnecessary ex­ When MacArthur landed, he nancial and moral support of in- penditures for the Vietnam war. promptly arrested leaders of the Street Zone native resistance movement, threw them in prison without charge, Thought for the Week and dissolved the civil administra­ “Nationalism is the strongest political impulse in this immense C ity State tions set up by the people. The area [of Asia] . . . and fortunately there is no basic conflict between U.S. armies under MacArthur this nationalistic impulse . . . and Washington’s own national interests. Send to The Militant, 116 University Place, played a role similar to that of the British armies under General This point, however, is not clear to the peoples in this part of the world.” New York, N. Y. 10003. Scobie in Greece. — Sept. 15, 1945. — From a dispatch by New York Times pundit James Reston. Page Eight t h e MILITANT Monday, September 13, 1965 Steel Union President Socialist Enters Race for Council Deportation Case Knuckles to Johnson In Cambridge Hearing Slated By Fred Halstead CAMBRIDGE, Mass. — Gus At a hearing expected sometime Horowitz has announced his can­ this fall, the U.S. Immigration SEPT. 8 — In the pattern of his didacy for the city council here, Service w ill try to declare Joseph predecessor, David J. McDonald, and although the elections are Johnson of Minneapolis a “state­ Steelworkers President I. W. Able “ non-partisan,” he is running as a less” person and order his depor­ proved his subservience by accept­ socialist. Horowitz is 24 years old, tation. He w ill then be, if the deci­ ing a settlement dictated by Presi­ a graduate student at Boston Uni­ sion holds, the first native-born dent Johnson. The settlement fails versity, and is supported by the U.S. citizen in history to become to deal with the crucial question of Socialist Workers Party and the like the legendary “Man Without working conditions, completely Young Socialist Alliance. a Country.” avoids the question of creating “The main issue of my cam­ Joe Johnson went to Canada as jobs for younger workers, and paign will be the war in Viet­ a young man because he was re­ contains smaller wage increases nam,” Horowitz said. “This war pulsed by the racism and mili­ than those being negotiated in is of prime concern to the people tarism of American society. He be­ other industries. of Cambridge. The Johnson ad­ came a socialist there, but re­ ministration has expanded the war Johnson used the Vietnam war turned to the U.S. in 1959 when as. a central point in his direct in­ of oppression against the people he found that his draft number tervention into the negotiations. At of Vietnam without consulting the had come up and he was wanted American people in any way. The one point, he compared the threat on a charge of draft evasion. After of a steel strike to “dissidents” purpose of my campaign is to ex­ serving a two-year prison sen­ pose and condemn the govern­ picketing the White House on tence on that charge, he joined ment’s action in Vietnam, and to Vietnam, declaring: “You’re say­ the Socialist Workers Party, be­ Joseph Johnson ing to our enemy in Vietnam offer the citizens of Cambridge came its Twin Cities Organizer, ‘We’re behind you Johnson most the opportunity to cast a protest and twice its candidate for public staying his 48-hour entrance per­ of the way, but of course, you’ve vote against the war.” office. On Aug. 28, Horowitz spoke at mit” in a federal prison, serving got to take into account that we In May 1964, about five years an outdoor meeting sponsored by a sentence only a citizen could have special problems.’ ” after he returned to this country, a new committee recently formed serve. Therefore, according to their Abel won the presidency earlier he received notice from the Im­ this year from McDonald in a in Cambridge to unite all groups contentions, he could be ordered migration Service that he was a deported. campaign promising to solve the and individuals opposed to the Lyndon Johnson “stateless person” and was to re­ But they got bogged down when backlog of local and company- war in Vietnam. port to a hearing a few weeks The meeting, held at a play­ local defense attorney Douglas level grievances and issues, m ostly later to show why he. shouldn’t be staff technicians and lawyers ground, was also addressed by Hall examined the two border pa­ involving working conditions. expatriated to some unnamed rather than on elected represen­ trol officers who detained John­ Able also played to the rank-and- John Mayer, national research di­ country. tatives and committees. After the son when he re-entered the U.S. file desire for democracy and rector of the Students for a Dem­ Now, four hearings later, the election, Able promised a pack­ ocratic Society. Horowitz pointed They contradicted themselves against McDonald’s reliance on Immigration Service has yet to age in steel equal to that in Alu­ about the times and circumstances out that the war in Vietnam is not prove by normal rules of evidence minum. The steel agreement in the interests of either the of the detention and interrogation. even such an obvious fact as that signed Sept. 6, however, fell far Further, a document that was sup­ American or the Vietnamese peo­ Johnson crossed the border when short of that, and what is more ple. He described the suffering posed to definitively attest to these Voters Group Hit he returned to the United States. important, leaves unresolved the that the war is inflicting upon the circumstances turned out to be The first hearing merely resulted crucial local problems which have Vietnamese, and explained that only a copy, and an incomplete in a postponement; the second, in now been dropped by the union. the vast majority of South Viet­ copy at that. It left the times and For Curbing Views November 1963, accomplished lit­ namese support the guerrillas and dates out completely. At this point The settlement was worked out, tle more. want the U.S. troops to leave. the hearing had to be postponed Of Minor Nominees not in response to democratic The government intended to processes w ith in the union, but Mayer presented some of the until the original could be pro­ NEWARK — Ruth Shiminsky, prove that Johnson had lost his duced. through lawyers, staff technicians facts about the war that the U.S. citizenship by running for public Socialist Workers Party candidate press had distorted or ignored, The third hearing in April 1965, and government “experts.” An ex­ office in Canada. Then they in­ for governor, sent a strong protest and went into the history of the got even worse. Rather than pro­ ample of this is that in the critical tended to show that he had over­ to the League of Women Voters conflict. Both speakers spoke only ducing the document itself, the stages of the process, the actual stayed his original 48-hour en­ of New Jersey for refusing to pro­ briefly in order to leave time for Immigration Service showed up negotiating was done by the two trance permit into the U.S. in 1959. vide equal space in its bulletin for the many questions which the au­ with a very official-looking, rib­ “ impartial” mediators, Secretary For two years Johnson was “over- minority-party candidates. of Labor Willard Wirtz and Com­ dience had. The majority of those bon-bedecked paper which attested The League has departed from merce Secretary John Connor. at the rally were against the war. that they looked high and low for Outside of a few hecklers, even the document and couldn’t find it. its traditional practice of providing The negotiations had become so those who supported the war, es­ There is reason to believe that equal space fo r the views of all far removed from the concrete More Teachers pecially those of d ra ft age, had the government may not wish to candidates. Now, it writes that problems of steelworkers, and so many serious questions. After an produce the original. It appears “we have accepted the format of bogged down in “expert” jargon, hour of questions and discussion, to be standard procedure for the a debate between the two major that even these gentlemen couldn’t Join Defense of the rally broke up. But the inter­ Immigration Service to write on party candidates as it has been unsnarl the statistics they were est of the audience was demon­ such documents their plans for set up by their representatives.” supposed to be operating on. A strated when most remained for Indiana Students further action and intended results. They will “try” to include the compromise set of figures was sup­ They couldn’t produce the docu­ views of independent candidates plied by Gardner Ackley, chair­ another hour to discuss. Support continues to mount for the three Indiana University stu­ ment without revealing their plans “whenever practical.” man of the President’s Council of dents who face one to three years for Johnson and their real reasons Candidate Shimsky wrote the Economic Advisers, using a com­ imprisonment for their socialist for prosecuting the case in the first League that it was shamefully puter. acquiescing in face of the Re­ Detroiters Back ideas. Jim Bingham, Tom Morgan place. publicans’ and Democrats’ at­ An “Invitation” and Ralph Levitt, officers of the The defense insisted upon inter­ I.U. chapter of the Young Socialist viewing the official who was in tempts to still “the voice of oppo­ The direct intervention of the La. Deacons sition to the corrupt system they Alliance in Bloomington, Ind., charge of the Immigration Service White House openly began when DETROIT — Over 300 people defend — Capitalism.” were indicted in May 1963 under office in Buffalo at the time John­ the bargainers were “invited" to attended a fund-raising dinner the state’s “Anti-Communism son crossed the border. So a fo u rth “Each [major] party,” she said, Washington. Then Johnson ap­ Aug. 22 to help the Bogalusa, La., Act.” They are still fighting the hearing was called in May, on very “in its own way is nothing more peared personally before the nego­ Deacons of Defense and Justice. unconstitutional law and this short notice, in Buffalo, New York. than an advertising agency for the tiators to lecture on “national se­ Main speakers at the dinner were witchhunt prosecution. At that hearing the Immigration same adulterated product, seeking curity” and present figures show­ Robert Hicks, vice president of the Service refused to cooperate at to provide it with a palatable Since January, over 400 profes­ ing that steelworkers were really Bogalusa Voters League and all, and finally upheld the con­ veneer but hiding the real ingre­ doing very well. Finally Johnson sors and other prom inent people, Charles Sims, Bogalusa Deacons representing 95 major college tested document as their “evi­ dients — racism, war, poverty, actually dictated a set of con­ leader. dence.” They can do this because and suppression of freedom strug­ campuses, have become sponsors crete terms which were accepted Speakers at the dinner included under hearing procedures the Im ­ gles abroad.” as the settlement of the points re­ of the Committee to Aid the several candidates for Detroit’s Bloomington Students (CABS). migration Service is both prosecu­ maining in dispute. The union’s Common Council, the two Negro tor and judge. 163-man Wage Policy Committee This brings the total number of Democratic Congressmen from De­ CABS sponsors to 1,200. The defense, with its two excel­ was confronted with the choice of troit and spokesmen for local civil lent attorneys, Leonard B. Boudin, During the summer, the Berke­ accepting the settlement they rights organizations. the eminent constitutional author­ ley CABS sponsored benefit per­ played no role in creating, or di­ All of them stated their support ity provided by the Emergency formances of the San Francisco rectly challenging the President of for the Deacons. Rep. John Conyers Civil Liberties Committee, and Mime Troupe. Four performances the U.S. They accepted it after said that if the police in Detroit Douglas Hall, well-known Twin drew 1,700 persons, and raised some bitter discussion. won’t protect Negroes, they ought Cities civil liberties attorney, ex­ $1,500 fo r the Bloomington de­ The settlement provides an to think about protecting them­ pects to w in the case. fense committee. hourly increase averaging 16 cents selves by organizing freedom pa­ Throughout this course, the con­ the first year and eight cents the trols like those in Seattle. The Mime Troupe’s biting satire, stitutional issues involved in the third. Fringe benefits are said to Rev. Albert Cleage, independent presented through song, dance right of citizenship w ill be raised. add an additional 25 cents over Negro candidate for Council, com­ skits and one liners, is directed The constitutionality of the no­ three years. But such estimates mented, “Something significant is against white liberals, the black torious McCarran Immigration and are unreliable and usually great­ happening in Detroit when two bourgeoisie and police brutality. Nationalities Act will be chal­ ly exaggerated. Besides, many Negro congressmen stand up and As the program notes state: “We lenged. The defense w ill also chal­ workers never see these benefits say it is all right for Negroes to de­ present our Minstrel Show, a lenge the blundering legal efforts because they get laid off before fend themselves. A few years ago Northern product for those who of the immigration Service in the reaching high seniority or die be­ about the only thing you’d think live in the streets, by those who preli minary hearings. fore retirement. w ould be endorsed was Coca live in the streets. We know fear, The case of Joe Johnson is ob­ The steel pact this year is one Cola.” The endorsement of the we rage on.” viously a case of political persecu­ more proof that an effective rank- self-defense principle by two The next stage of the defense tion. Contributions should be sent and-file opposition to the bureau­ Democratic Party politicians was of the indicted young socialists to: Lew Jones, Secretary, Commit­ cratic leadership of the unions an attempt to adapt to an under­ w ill be costly appeals in the fed­ tee to Oppose the Deportation of must be based on a program in­ lying mood existing in the Negro eral courts. Send contributions to: Joseph Johnson, P.O. Box 8731, cluding independence from cap­ community, especially in the wake CABS, Box 213, Cooper Station, Northstar Building, Minneapolis, Ruth Shiminsky italist politics and politicians. of the recent Los Angeles events. New York, N. Y. 10003. M inn. 55402.