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AUGSBURG WEEK 1 Being Lutheran For this Moment Preface Article 1…………………………God

OPENING PRAYER

L: Triune God, be Thou our stay; O let us perish never! R: Cleanse us from our sins, we pray, and grant us life forever.

L: Keep us from the evil one; uphold our faith most holy, R: And let us trust Thee solely with humble hearts and lowly.

L: Let us put God’s armor on, with all true Christians running our heav’nly race and shunning the devil’s wiles and cunning. R: Amen, amen! This be done; so sing we “Alleluia!” (LSB 505)

Getting Started… On a scale of 1-10 (1 being “I’d deny the faith;” 10 being “I’d die for the faith”), where would you place yourself if (1.) A Muslim terrorist threatens to cut off your head if you don’t renounce Jesus and accept Allah, (2.) Your non-LCMS relative comes to visit you and tells you that unless they can take communion at your church they will have to break all family ties, (3.) You meet some wonderful people at the local coffee shop and after becoming rather close friends there is a discussion on women having the right to abort their children at any stage of pregnancy. What do all these situations have to do with your Confession of Faith?

Read… A Bit of History… by to lead the Lutheran theologians Preface in before the Emperor. Most invincible Emperor, Caesar October 31, 1517 – Luther nailed the 95 Augustus, most clement Lord: Your Theses on the Castle Church A great many of those who went on to Augsburg were laymen, who had no plans Imperial Majesty has summoned a door, which started the . at all to recant their Lutheran faith nor give meeting of the Empire here at Augs- April 18, 1521 – when Lu- in to the Emperor’s demands. burg to consider taking action ther confessed, “I cannot and will not re- against the Turk, discussing how cant. I cannot do otherwise. Here I stand. Charles made various “Roman de- best to stand effectively against his God help me. Amen.” From this time on, mands” of the Lutherans. The layman, fury and attacks by means of military Luther was declared a criminal and heretic, George, Margrave of Brandenburg stated, force. The Turk is the most atro- excommunicated and sentenced to death. “Before I let anyone take from me the Word cious and ancient hereditary enemy of God and ask me to deny my God, I will of the Christian name and religion. October 16, 1529 – The Schwabach Arti- kneel and let them strike off my head.”

This meeting is also to consider dis- cles were presented that “insisted on unity of doctrine as a prerequisite for any coop- June 25, 1530 – “Courageous Lutheran agreements in our holy religion, the eration among various Protestants in Ger- Laymen confessed their faith” and read Christian faith, by hearing every- many.” before the Emperor what we know as The one’s opinions and judgments in . This is a date and an each other’s presence. They are to Charles V (emperor over much of ) occasion for every Lutheran to cherish! be considered and evaluated among was fighting off the Turkish (Muslim) In- ourselves in mutual charity, mercy, vasion at this time. He needed a religious and kindness. After the removal and unified empire now more than ever. After reading The Preface… correction of things that either side Charles was also concerned that the Pope 1. How important was the Lutheran con- has understood differently, these would strike an alliance with the ruler of France, which would threaten Charles’ rule. fession of faith to the pastors in Lu- matters may be settled and brought Charles called a meeting at Augsburg, hop- ther’s day? The laymen? back to one simple truth and Chris- ing to settle all disputes and unify his reign. 2. What do these words mean for Luther- tian concord. Then we may embrace ans today, “We are all under one Christ and maintain the future of one pure Luther, Melanchthon, and others wrote a and do battle under Him. We ought to and true religion under one Christ, “first draft” of the Augsburg confession, confess the one Christ and do every- doing battle under Him (Ps. 24:8), called the Articles. Luther was the thing according to God’s truth”? living in unity and concord in the primary author of the Torgau Articles. 3. Is the Augsburg Confession just for one Christian Church. pastors or for every layman in every vocation yet today? Discuss. Melanchthon and others then traveled on to Augsburg. Melanchthon was designated (continue on page 3)

Being Lutheran for this Moment

Article One - God

1. Who is “our churches?” 2. The Council of Nicea was convened in 325 A.D. The Augsburg Confession con- firms an agreement on the doctrine of “God” along with the Roman Church. What is the significance of the following phrases in the Nicene :

• I believe in one God. • Being of one substance with the Father. • The Lord and giver of life.

3. The Augsburg Confession elaborates. What is meant by: • Essence (Matt. 28:19) • Eternal (Ps. 90:1-2) • Without a body (Jn. 4:24) • Infinite power (Matt. 19:26) • Infinite wisdom (I Cor. 1:18-25) Lutheran for this Moment • Infinite goodness (Ps. 145:9) Maker of all things (Gen. 1:1) • Manichaeism – A totally heathen reli- Muslims – Islam is the religion of the Mus- Three persons (Jn. 15:26) • gion that incorporates Christian ideas lim people who believe Allah is God. All

and vocabulary. It is based on two op- Muslims must believe in Jesus as a prophet

posing kingdoms (light and darkness) but not as Savior and Lord. Their book of Do We Condemn Heresies Anymore? to explain the observable disharmony in belief is the Qur’an. Sounds like ______

the world. Sounds like ______today. How do you see this belief affecting Titus 3:9-11 – The Holy Spirit inspires St. today. Where do you see this belief the Lutheran Church today? Paul to write these words to Pastor Titus. seeping into the Lutheran Church to- What is the danger of mixing error with the day? Samosatenes - believed that Jesus Christ Truth of God’s Word? was a created being, not uncreated as God

Valentinian – Was a gnostic who be- was. This determination meant that Christ The heresies mentioned in this Article are lieved all matter (the world) was evil was less than fully divine. Sounds like still around today to one degree or another. and “redemption” was to escape from ______today. Where do you see What are these heresies? How is the matter, which made one more and more this belief seeping into the Lutheran Church affected by these heresies today? “a god,” climbing through a series of Church today? How is the Church affected when these here- eons. Cracking Jesus “secret code” in sies make their way into the Church today? His teachings was the key to escape

from all matter. Sounds like ______

______today. Where do you see Scenario #1 Islam . Jehovah Witness/Mormon this belief seeping into the Lutheran Chinese Yin Yang . New Age/Holy Grail Church today? Two Lutherans are having coffee. One (/Baptist) begins talking about how her mother had a Liberalism – is the belief that God from difficult life. She talked about her mother’s

eternity predestined to eternal life divorce, her time with cancer, and the time those he knew would remain steadfast her mother lost her wallet and all her cred- to the end. It believes man cooperates it cards. Then she says, “But life has a way in his conversation. Sounds like ______of balancing itself out. For every bad thing ______today. Where do you that happened to Mom, there seems to be a see this belief seeping into the Lutheran good thing. She is happily married now, Church today? she has a great job at the art gallery, and she just came into a healthy inheritance. Eunomians – It held that God is so ab- Sounds innocent, but is it? How is the Bib- solutely one that the Second Person lical (Lutheran) view of God applied to this could not be generated within the di- discussion? vine nature. The Second and Third Per- sons were said to have been created. The Eunomianists also denied the value (continued on page 3) of any worship or the need for any sac- I Peter 1:3-5 raments. Sound like ______today. Where do you see this belief seeping into the Lutheran Church to- day?

We, the undersigned elector and princes, have been Article I (1) God called to this gathering along with other electors, princes, Our churches teach with common consent that the de- and estates in obedient compliance with the Imperial cree of the Council of Nicea about the unity of the divine mandate. Therefore, we have promptly come to Augs- essence and the three persons is true. It is to be believed burg. We do not mean to boast when we say this, but we without any doubt. God is one divine essence who is were among the first to be here. eternal, without a body, without parts, of infinite power, wisdom, and goodness. He is the maker and preserver of At the very beginning of the meeting in Augsburg, Your all things, visible and invisible (Neh. 9:6). Yet there are Imperial Majesty made a proposal to the electors, princes, three persons, the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit and other estates of the Empire. Among other things, you (Matt. 28:19). These three persons are of the same es- asked that the several estates of the Empire – on the sence and power. Our churches use the term person as strength of the Imperial – should submit their ex- the Fathers have used it. We use it to signify, not a part or planations, opinions, and judgments in German and . quality in another, but that which subsists of itself. On the following Wednesday, we informed Your Imperial Majesty that after due deliberation we would present the Our churches condemn all heresies (Titus 3:10-11) articles of our Confession in one week. Therefore, con- that arose against this article, such as the Manichaeans, cerning this religious matter, we offer this Confession. It who assumed that there are two “principles,” one Good is ours and our preachers’. It shows, from the Holy Scrip- and the other Evil. They also condemn the Valentinians, tures and God’s pure Word, what has been up to this time Arians, Eunominas, Muslims, and all heresies such as presented in our lands, dukedoms, dominions, and cities, these. Our churches also condemn the Samosatenes, old and taught in our churches. and new, who contend that God is but one person. Through sophistry they impiously argue that the Word In keeping with your edict, the other electors, princes, and the Holy Spirit are not distinct persons. They say that and estates of the Empire may present similar writings, in Word signifies a spoken word, and Spirit signifies motion Latin and German, giving their opinions in this religious created in things. matter. We, and those princes previously mentioned, are prepared to discuss, in a friendly manner, all possible ways and means by which we may come together. We Scenario #2 will do this in the presence of your Imperial Majesty, our most clement Lord. In this way, dissensions may be put Alex and Lydia invite Pete and Mary to dinner one night. away without offensive conflict. This can be done honor- They both attend the same Lutheran Church. During ably, with God’s help, so that we may be brought back to dinner the conversation goes to last Sunday’s class agreement and concord. As your edict shows, we are all when the pastor was teaching on the Holy . Mary under one Christ and do battle under Him (Ex. 15:3). We says the Trinity is so hard to understand, that it just ought to confess the one Christ and do everything accord- doesn’t make sense. She says, “To sort it out in my mind, I ing to God’s truth. With the most fervent prayers, this is like to think of God as the Heavenly Father. I think Jesus what we ask of God… is God’s Son, but probably a little less than God. I think Jesus came to do the Father’s work by dying on the cross ...We will at least leave you a clear testimony. We are for my sins. I believe the Holy Spirit is kind of like a not holding back from anything that could bring about spirit-angel, guiding me in my faith.” How is the Biblical Christian concord, such as could be affected with God and (Lutheran) view of God applied to this discussion? a good . Your Imperial Majesty – and the other electors and estates of the Empire, and all moved by sin- Scenario #3 cere love and zeal for religion, who will give an impartial hearing to this matter – please graciously offer to take John and Nick attended the same men’s retreat with their notice of this and to understand this from our Confes- Church. The pastor was leading a retreat on the Founda- sion… tions of the Lutheran Faith for the Modern Man. Pastor Smith was explaining how we are saved by grace, that …Therefore, if the outcome should be that the differ- nothing we do can contribute to our salvation. Nick is ences between us and the other parties in this religious having a hard time understanding this and says, “But Pas- matter should not be settled with friendliness and chari- tor, doesn’t God help those who help themselves? We ty, then here, before Your Imperial Majesty, we obedient- must contribute at least a little bit in our salvation, don’t ly offer, in addition to what we have already done, to ap- we? Don’t I have to accept God or at least come to an pear and defend our cause in such a general, free Chris- adult time in my life when I commit my life to Jesus? It tian Council… would seem to me that we go to Jesus to be saved and then He does the rest.” How is the Biblical (Lutheran) view of God applied to this discussion?

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Being Lutheran for this Moment AUGSBURG CONFESSION WEEK 2 Being Lutheran For this Moment Article 2……………… Article 19…………..Causes of Sin

OPENING PRAYER

L: Holy and gracious God, C: I confess that I have sinned against You this day. Some of my sin I know – the thoughts and words and deeds of which I am ashamed – but some is known only to You. In the name of Jesus Christ I ask forgiveness. Deliver and restore me that I may rest in peace. L: By the mercy of God we are redeemed by Jesus Christ, and in Him we are forgiven. We rest now in His peace and rise each morning to serve Him. C: Amen.

Getting Started… You are having coffee with your friends. Someone brings up the North Dakota Measure 1 Amendment to the Constitution concerning the “inalienable right to life” at every stage of human development. Someone says everyone has a right to her own body. Another person states that life doesn’t begin until the heart beats in the womb. Another advocates partial-birth abortion. How will it go when you begin explaining to your companions that their ideas concerning this life issue involves sin?

Read… 3. Always be inclined to sin We hold to the Lutheran Article II (2) Original Sin (Rom. 7:14-21)? Our churches teach that since the Confessions because they agree fall of Adam (Rom. 5:12), all who are with the Word of God naturally born are born with sin (Ps. 51:5), that is, without the fear of (quia subscription)

God, without trust in God, and with (känˈkyo opisəns) the inclination to sin, called concu- Read Genesis 3 piscence. Concupiscence is a disease 1. Why is the fall so devastating? is the ongoing and original vice that is truly sin. It 2. How serious is God about sin? deep desire to sin damns and brings eternal death on 3. What are the affects of sin? and inclination to sin those who are not born anew 4. Why did God expel Adam and Eve through and the Holy Spirit from the garden? (Jn. 3:5). Our churches condemn the Pela- Read Romans 5:12-14 Concupiscence gians and others who deny that orig- 1. How did sin enter the world? 1. What is concupiscence? inal depravity is sin, thus obscuring 2. How did death enter the world? 2. How do you see concupiscence in the glory of Christ’s merit and bene- 3. How does the reign of death touch your life? fits. Pelagians argue that a person every aspect of earthly life? 3. What are the consequences of can be justified before God by his concupiscence? own strength and reason. Read Psalm 51:3-5 4. What is the antidote for concupis- 1. Define: Sin, Transgressions, Evil, cence (Jn. 3:5)? Article XIX (19) The Cause of Sin and Iniquity Our churches teach that although 2. Against whom do we ultimately sin? God creates and preserves nature, 3. Why is sin such a big deal? the cause of sin is located in the will of the wicked, that is, the devil and Re-read Article II (left) Sin ungodly people. Without God’s help, All who are naturally born are born is every thought, desire, word, this will turns itself away from God, with sin. What does it mean to: and deed which is contrary 1. Be without fear of God (Ps. 96:4)? as Christ says, “When he lies, he to God’s Law speaks out of his own character” (Jn. 2. Be without trust in God (Prov. 3:5)?

8:44).

Pelagianism is the belief that original sin did not affect human nature and that man’s will is still capable of choosing good or evil without God’s aid. Pelagi- anism views humanity as basically good and morally unaffected by the fall. It denies the imputation of Adam's sin, original sin, total depravity, and substi- tutionary atonement. It also views man as fundamentally good. With regards to salvation, it teaches that man has the ability in and of himself (apart from God) to obey God and earn eternal sal- vation. The vast majority of modern- day Evangelicals and Churches (Joel Olsteen, Char- ismatics, Pentecostals, branches of the The Protestant Princes Presenting their Confession to Charles Baptist Church, portions of the Assem- bly of God, the Wesleyan Church, the Nazarene Church) are Pelagian to one Lutheran for this Moment degree or another. What does the Bible say in response to ? “Recent polls indicate that 77% of Confessing the evangelicals today believe that 1. On the issue of sin – what are the • Romans 5:19 human beings are basically good differences between LCMS and • Genesis 8:21 and 84% of these conservative other Christian denominations? • Ephesians 2:1 Protestants believe that in salvation Why does this matter? • Romans 8:7 “God helps those who help them- 2. If we give up our Biblical and con- • James 4:17 selves” demonstrates [an unchang- fessional understanding and belief ing situation] that contemporary on sin, what else are we giving up? is in a serious crisis. No 3. Why is it so important to teach longer can conservative “Bible be- our children and grandchildren lieving” evangelicals smugly hurl about this article of sin? Read John 8:44-47 insults at mainline Protestants and 4. How difficult is it to be Lutheran 1. God did not cause sin. Who did? Roman Catholics for doctrinal trea- today when most of Christianity 2. Read Article 19 (opposite page) – son. It is evangelicals today, every (much less the world) rejects “sin” summarize this article of faith. bit as much as anyone else, who as the Bible teaches it? 3. Who is man following when he sins? have embraced the assumptions of 5. Why is it important for Lutherans the Pelagian heresy. It is this heresy (LCMS) to maintain our Biblical that lies at the bottom of much of and confessional understanding of popular psychology (human nature, “sin?” basically good, is warped by its en- vironment), political (we are going to bring about salvation and revival through this campaign), Good News and and church Today’s topic on sin is one section of an growth (seeing conversion as a nat- entire study of the Lutheran Confes- ural process, just like changing from sions. Lutherans, however, do not like one brand of soap to another, and to end with the Law. As a sneak pre- seeing the evangelist or entrepre- view – what do the following passages neurial pastor as the one who actu- say about what God does with man’s ally adds to the church those to be predicament of sin? saved). (Michael Horton) • John 3:16 • Romans 6:23 • II Corinthians 5:21 I Peter 1:3-5

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Being Lutheran for this Moment AUGSBURG CONFESSION WEEK 3 Being Lutheran For this Moment Article 3…………The Son of God Article 4……………... Article 17……….Christ’s Return for Judgment

OPENING PRAYER

L: O Lord, C: have mercy. L: By the mystery of Your holy incarnation; by Your holy nativity; by Your baptism, fasting, and temptation; by Your agony and bloody sweat; by Your cross and passion; by Your precious death and burial; by Your glorious resurrection and ascension; and by the coming of the Holy Spirit, the comforter: C: Help us, good Lord. L: Christ, the Lamb of God, who takes away the sin of the world, C: grant us Your peace. Amen.

Getting Started… There are so many different Christian denominations in the United States. We have family and friends attending these churches whom we believe are “good Christians.” Are all Christian churches the same? As long as we all agree that Jesus died for our sins – isn’t that good enough? Do you think most Christian Churches hold to the article of Christ and justification the same as Lutherans do? What might be the purpose for Lutherans (LCMS) in striving for doctrinal purity and faithfulness in all her articles of faith?

Read… received into favor and that their sins are • Mark 16:1-8 Article III (3) The Son of God forgiven for Christ’s sake. By His death, • I Peter 3:18-22 Our churches teach that the Word, Christ made satisfaction for our sins. God that is, the Son of God (Jn. 1:14), counts this faith for righteousness in His assumed the human nature in the womb sight (Rom. 3:21-26; 4:5). Justification of the Blessed Virgin Mary. So there are To declare or make righteousness in two natures – the divine and the human Article XVII (17) Christ’s Return for the sight of God – inseparably joined in one person. Judgment There is one Christ, true God and true Our churches teach that at the end of the man, who was born of the Virgin Mary, world Christ will appear for judgment and What does the Bible say about sav- truly suffered, was crucified, died, and will raise all the dead (I Thess. 4:13-5:2). ing ourselves? was buried. He did this to reconcile the He will give the godly and elect eternal life • Ephesians 2:1-3 and everlasting joys, but He will condemn Father to us and to be a sacrifice, not • Ephesians 2:8-9 only for original guilt, but also for all ungodly people and the devils to be tor- actual sins of mankind (Jn. 1:29). mented without end (Matt. 25:31-46). • Romans 8:7-8 He also descended into hell, and truly Our churches condemn the Anabaptists, rose again on the third day. Afterward, who think that there will be an end to the How does Jesus Justify sinners? He ascended into heaven to sit at the punishments of condemned men and devils. • II Corinthians 5:17-21 right hand of the Father. There He for- Our churches also condemn those who o What does it mean for ever reigns and has dominion over all are spreading certain Jewish opinions, that Jesus to reconcile us? creatures. He sanctifies those who be- before the resurrection of the dead the god- o What is the great exchange lieve in Him, by sending the Holy Spirit ly shall take possession of the kingdom of in this text? into their hearts to rule, comfort, and the world, the ungodly being everywhere make them alive. He defends them suppressed. • Romans 3:21-26 against the devil and the power of sin. o What is the righteousness The same Christ will openly come of God? again to judge the living and the dead, Read John 1:1-5, 14 o What does it mean for m and so forth, according to the Apostles’ 1. What are the two natures of Jesus? Jesus to redeem us? Creed. 2. Why does Jesus have to be 100% God? 100% man? What will happen on the Last Day? Article IV (4) Justification • I Thessalonians 4:13-5:2 Our churches teach that people can- • Matthew 25:31-46 not be justified before God by their own What does the Bible say about Jesus? John 5:28-29 strength, merit, or works. People are • Luke 1:26-38 • freely justified for Christ’s sake, through • Philippians 2:5-11 • I Corinthians 15:50-58 faith, when they believe that they are • John 19:17-30

Not everyone believes the same about Jesus Christ and Justification (The follow- ing is taken from CPH, “Churches in America”)

Roman Catholicism teaches that God gives sinners a saving righteousness that they can use to help themselves in the face of God’s condemnation of them for their sin. Rome teaches that Christ’s death and resurrection is not solely suf- ficient for salvation, but that man’s good works earn one in favor with God and thus eternal life.

1. How is this an important difference from Lutheranism? Trinity Lutheran Church, Great Bend, ND 2. How can this difference be damaging to one’s faith? To the faith of our children and grandchildren? Lutheran for this Moment

Arminian Churches (Methodists, Unionistic Churches (Moravian, non- Calvinists Churches (Congrega- some , Salvation Army, Pen- denominational churches, many Inde- tionalists, Episcopalians, Presbyterian, tecostals, Nazarene) teaches that pendent Churches in America, United some Baptists) teach that Jesus died fallen nature in man lost all of Christ, and World Council of only to save those whom God predeter- will, but God has restored this free- Churches allows much diversity and mined to save, while others God prede- dom in all humans so that they the widest toleration of beliefs and termined to damn. They teach that might use it in cooperating in their practices. The United Church of Christ Christ’s purpose in dying was only to conversion. They teach that Christ- allows the freedom for each congrega- make atonement for the elect (those ians are enabled by their good tion to adopt the theology desired by it God pre-decided to save). works to qualify them for eternal and its pastor. They also are not con- life. They believe they can become vinced that Jesus will return. 1. If God predestined to save some and so sanctified of their own doing that predestined to damn others – how they no longer commit acts of sin on 1. What does God say about every- is this a total denial of Christ and earth. one believing what they want? (II justification? Tim. 4:3-5, Jdg. 17:6) 2. What does the Bible say about What would be the need for Jesus if 2. Consider the two ditches: (1) Universal Atonement in II Cor. 5:15, we played any part in our salvation? LCMS believing they’re the only I Jn. 2:2? ones going to heaven, (2) It 3. As a church body that holds to the doesn’t matter what you believe, (Taken from Ysteboe and Richard) we’re all going to the same place inspired inerrant infallible Word of God, why is Lutheranism so com- anyway. What does it mean to T or F – Man is basically good and can stay on “the path?” (II Tim. 3:15- forting to the sinner in regard to move towad God by his own power. 17) Christ and justification? Man can convert himself to God and obey God’s Law and thus merit for- giveness. (Psalm 14:4) At this time – would you please share with those around you how Augsburg T or F – Man can make some movement Confession, Articles 3, 4, and 17 are toward God. God then will respond to such a comfort to you in your faith and man’s initiative and complete the work life? of salvation (God’s helps those who help themselves) (Psalm 143:2)

T or F – God initiates and does his part of saving man, but it is up to man to finish it. (Gal. 2:16-17)

T or F – Man is spiritually dead. He can- not save himself at all. God comes and I Peter 1:3-5 makes man alive in Christ. (Rom. 6:11) 123

Being Lutheran for this Moment AUGSBURG CONFESSION WEEK 4 Being Lutheran For this Moment Article 5…………….The Ministry Article 14..Order in the Church Article 23……...The Marriage of Priest Article 27……….Monastic Vows

OPENING PRAYER

L: Almighty and gracious God, the Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, You have commanded us to pray that You would send forth laborers into Your har- vest. C: Of your infinite mercy give us true teachers and minsters of your Word who truly fulfill Your command and preach nothing contrary to Your holy Word. Grant that we, being warned, instructed, nurtured, com- forted, and strengthened by Your holy Word, may do those things which are well pleasing to You and profitable for our salvation; L: through Jesus Christ, our Lord. C: Amen. Getting Started… St. Pious Lutheran Church thinks they have come up with the perfect solution for their pastoral needs. They have figured out a way to no longer pay for a pastor’s salary, housing, health care, and mileage. Not only this – they will no longer have an outsider come in and tell them what to do and what to believe. They’ve decided that each member of the congregation will take his/her turn in being pastor of the month. What problems do you see with this scenario at first glance?

Read… What does the Bible say about the 6. II Tim. 2:15 – What does it mean Article V (5) The Ministry Office of the Holy Ministry? that a pastor is to “handle the So that we may obtain this faith, Word of truth?” the ministry of teaching the 1. Eph. 4:11 – Who instituted the and administering the office of the holy ministry? Have 7. II Tim. 4:1-8-What is the charge to was instituted. Through the Word your pastor explain the signifi- pastors? What obstacles does a and Sacraments, as through instru- cance of the Greek word ποιμενος. pastor experience? What is the ments, the Holy Spirit is given (Jn. [Note: Eph. 4:11 is all one office of the holy cross the pastor experiences in his 20:22). He works faith, when and ministry with a diversity of callings]. ministry? where it pleases God (Jn. 3:8), in those who hear the good news that 2. Acts 20:28 – What does it mean that 8. I Corinthians 14:33-34 – What is the God justified those who believe that God calls the pastor to be an over- setting of which St. Paul is speak- they are received into grace for seer of his flock? Have your pastor ing? What is the order of creation? Christ’s sake. This happens not explain the significance of the While women serve Christ and His through our own merits, but for Greek word επισκοπους. church in many sanctified voca- Christ’s sake. tions, to which gender does Christ 3. I Cor. 4:1 – What two words are give the office of the Holy Ministry? Our churches condemns the Ana- used here to describe the pastor? baptists and others who think that What does each word mean as it 9. John 20:22 – Here Christ gives the through their own preparations and pertains to the office of pastor? Office of the Keys (to forgive and works the Holy Spirit comes to them Have your pastor explain the sig- retain sin) to the Church. To without the external Word. nificance of the Greek words whom does the Church publicly en- υπηρετος and οικονομους trust with these Keys? When does μυστηριϖν Θεου. the pastor publicly forgive sin? Article XIV (14) Order in the When does he retain the for- Church 4. I Tim. 3:1-2 – Why is the office of giveness of sins? Our churches teach that no one the ministry a noble task? What should publicly teach in the Church, qualifications does God give for in 10.I Peter 5:1-11 – What does it mean or administer the Sacraments, with- the office of the ministry? for a pastor to be a “shepherd?” out a rightly ordered call. How does Satan attack the pastor? 5. II Tim. 2:2 – What makes a pastor Who is the pastor’s eternal refuge? (Augsburg Confession continued on page 3) qualified to teach? What make for a good pastoral teacher?

What do we Believe, Teach, and Con- fess in the Augsburg Confession?

Remember – every pastor pledges to God, his flock, and the entire Church that the Augsburg Confession and the entire are a true exposition of the Holy Scripture and a correct exhibition of the doctrine of the Evan- gelical Lutheran Church. He makes the Lutheran Confessions his own because they are in accord with the Word of God. He is willing to suffer even death rather than fall away from this confession of faith.

1. Article V begins, “so that we may obtain his faith.” What is the connec- tion between and significance of Ar- ticles IV (Justification) and Article V? Pastor Dennis Neels, Niagara ND

2. How does God work faith through the office of the Holy Ministry? How Lutheran for this Moment significant is this for the life of the Church and the individual Christian? 5. Does God forbid pastors to be 1. How did Pastor Kleinberg understand married? (I Tim. 3:2) Is it his role as pastor? How would you evaluate Pastor Kleinberg’s relation- 3. In response to the Anabaptists in wrong for a pastor to remain single? ship to John? Luther’s Day, why does the Lutheran

Church maintain the calling of pas- 2. Pastor Kleinberg worked hard at tors? 6. Article 27 – From the bold print faithfully preaching and teaching the in this article (p. 3), what was Word of God. What is significant 4. In the LCMS, a “rightly ordered call” one of the main reasons Lu- about this for John’s life? (AC XIV) includes, but is not limited therans reject monastic vows? to: (1) the preparation of an indi- 3. John encountered many faith issues in vidual that certifies him as compe- h his life. What is significant about our Lutheran pastors being trained in the

tent and fit for the office; (2) the se- Word of God, rightly dividing law and lection of an individual by the SCENARIO gospel? Preaching sin and grace? Ap- church; and (3) the ordination and plying God’s Word to God’s people? installation of an individual into the Pastor Kleinberg baptized John Pe- How was this vital for John’s faith and office. (Feb. 2003 CTCR “The Divine terson. John’s parents had him in church life? Call”) in Sunday School regularly. When John a. Whom does the Lutheran was in grade school, Pastor Kleinberg 4. It is God who calls the pastor through Church designate to preach heard that some older kids were bully- the congregation. Why is this im- portant to the pastor? The whole and administer the sacra- ing John. Pastor Kleinberg sat down with John and talked to him about how congregation? John Peterson? ments in the Church? b. What is the significance of Jesus was bullied and died for our sins. Pastor Kleinberg prayed with John and 5. There was a time or two when Pastor this article? asked him every so often how he was Kleinberg spoke some harsh words to doing. When John was in high school, John. There was a time he failed to John went on some mission trips and visit the hospital when John’s daugh- some youth gatherings led by Pastor ter had surgery. Do pastors sin? Are Kleinberg. Once on the bus to a youth they always the perfect pastor? What gathering, John admitted to Pastor is the pastor’s role when he sins Kleinberg that he had doubts about God, against one of his sheep? What is the creation, forgiveness, and the whole role of the sheep when the pastor con- Christian faith thing. Pastor talked fesses his sin? through the night with John about these doubts. When John got married, Pastor 6. What role do you play in strength- Kleinberg was there when John and his ening your shepherd-sheep relation- wife had some marriage problems. ship to your pastor? People? Pastor Kleinberg was there when the kids were baptized, when John’s mom died, and when John changed jobs. I Peter 1:3-5

Being Lutheran for this Moment Article XXIII (23) The Marriage of Priests Since no human law can destroy God’s command, neither can Complaints about unchaste priests are common. Platina it be done by any vow. So Cyprian advises women who do not writes that it is for this reason that Pope Pius is reported to keep the promise they made to remain chaste, that they should have said that although there are reasons why marriage was marry. He says, (Book I, Epistle XI), “If they are unwilling or taken away from priests; there are far more important reasons unable to persevere, it is better for them to marry than to fall why it should be given back. Since our priests wanted to avoid into the fire by their lusts. They should certainly give no offense these open scandals, they married wives and taught that it was to their brothers and sisters.” And even canon law shows some lawful for them to enter into marriage. First, because Paul says, leniency toward those who have taken vows before the proper “Because of the temptation to sexual immorality, each man age, as has been the case up to this point. should have his own wife: and “It is better to marry than to be aflame with passion” (I Cor. 7:2, 9b). Excepts from Article XXVII (27) Monastic Vows Second, Christ says, “Not everyone can receive this saying In Augustine’s time [monasteries] were free associations. (Matt. 19:11), where He teaches that not everyone is able to Later, when discipline was corrupted, vows were added for the lead a single life. God created human beings for procreation purpose of restoring discipline, as in a carefully planned pris- (Gen. 1:28). It is not within a person’s power, without God giv- on… ing a unique gift, to change this creation. (For it is clear, as many have confessed, that no good, honest, chaste life, no Chris- Many entered monastic life through ignorance…They were tian, sincere, upright conduct has resulted from the attempt to trapped and compelled to remain, even though some could have lead a single life. Instead, a horrible, fearful unrest and torment been freed by the kind provision of canon law. This was more in of conscience has been felt by many until the end.) Therefore, the case of convents of women than of monks… [Rome] taught those who are not able to lead a single life ought to marry. No that monastic vows was equal to Baptism. They taught that a human law, no vow, can destroy God’s commandment and ordi- monastic life merited forgiveness of sins and justification before nance. For these reasons the priests teach that it is lawful for God, but even great merit, since it was said that the monastic life them to marry wives. not only kept God’s basic laws, but also the so-called “evangeli- cal counsels.” It is clear that in the Ancient Church priests were married men. For Paul says, “An overseer must be the husband of one So they made people believe that the profession of monasti- wife” (I Tim. 3:2). Four hundred years ago in Germany, for the cism was far better than Baptism, and that the monastic life was first time, priests were violently forced to lead a single life. more meritorious than that of rulers, pastors, and others, who They offered such resistance that when the Archbishop of Mainz serve in their calling according to God’s commands, without any was about to publish the pope’s decree about celibacy, he was manmade services. None of these things can be denied. This is almost killed in a riot by enraged priests. This matter was han- all found in their own books about monasticism… dled so harshly that not only was marriage forbidden in the future, but existing marriages were torn apart, contrary to all Although it appears that God’s command about marriage laws, both divine and human. This was even contrary to canon delivers many from their vows, our teachers introduce another law itself, as made by not only popes, but also by the most cele- argument about vows to show that they are void. Every service brated . of God, established and chosen by people to merit justification and grace, without God’s commandment, is wicked. For Christ Seeing that man’s nature is gradually growing weaker as the says in Matthew 15:9, “In vain do they worship Me, teaching as world grows older, it is good to be on guard to make sure no doctrines the commandments of men.” Paul teaches every- more vices work their way into Germany. where that righteousness is not to be sought in self-chosen practices and acts of worship, devised by people. Right- Furthermore, God ordained marriage to be a help against eousness comes by faith to those who believe that they are human weakness. Canon law itself says that the old rigor ought received by God into grace for Christ’s sake. to be relaxed now and then, in these latter times, because of human weakness. We wish this would also be done in this mat- It is clear for all to see that the monks have taught that ser- ter. We expect that at some point churches will lack pastors if vices made up by people make satisfaction for sins and merit marriage continues to be forbidden. grace and justification. What else is this than detracting from Christ’s glory and hiding and denying the righteousness that While God’s commandment is in force, and the custom of the comes through faith? Therefore, it follows that monastic vows, Church is well known, impure celibacy will cause many scan- which have been widely taken, are wicked services of God and, dals, adulteries, and other crimes that deserve punishment from consequently, are void. For a wicked vow, taken against God’s just rulers. In light of all this, it is incredibly cruel that the mar- commandment, is not valid; for (as the canon says) no vow riage of priests is forbidden. ought to bind people to wickedness…

God has commanded that marriage be honored. Marriage is There are on record examples of men who hid themselves in most highly honored in the laws of all well-ordered common- monasteries because they wanted to forsake marriage and par- wealths, even among the heathen. But now men, even priests, ticipate in society. They called this fleeing from the world, and are cruelly put to death, contrary to the intent of canon law, for said they were seeking a kind of life that would be more pleas- no other reason that that they are married. Paul, in I Timothy 4, ing to God. They did not realize that God ought to be served says that a doctrine of demons forbids marriage (vv. 1-3). This according to the commandments that He Himself has given… is clearly seen by how laws against marriage are enforced with Only a life that has God’s commandment is good and perfect. such penalties.

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AUGSBURG CONFESSION WEEK 5 Being Lutheran For this Moment Article 13 …………….Use of the Sacraments Article 9.…………………..Baptism OPENING PRAYER Article 10…..The Lord’s Supper Article 22……Both Kinds in the Almighty and most merciful Father, in the waters of Holy Baptism, You have united Your children in Your Son Jesus Christ, cleansing them by His blood. Renew in them the gift of Your Holy Spirit, that they may live in daily and repentance with a faith that ever clings to their Savior. Deliver them from the power of Satan and preserve them from false and dangerous doctrines, that they may remain faithful in hearing Christ’s Word and receiving His body and blood. By the Lord’s Supper strengthen them to believe that no one can make satisfaction for sin but Christ alone. Enable them to find joy and comfort only in Him, learning from the Sacrament of the Altar to love You and their neighbor and to bear their cross with patience and joy until the day of the resurrection of their bodies to life immortal; through Jesus Christ, Your Son, our Lord, who lives and reigns with You and the Holy Spirit, one God, now and forever and ever. Amen.

Getting Started… What was the means by which you got to church today? What is the means by which your package got to Grandma at Christmas? Jesus died on the cross and rose from the dead to forgive the sins of the entire world and gives eternal salvation to all who believe in Him. By what means do God’s gifts of forgiveness and eternal get directly to an individual person?

Read… What does the Bible say about God behalf of the living and the dead. Article XIII (13) The Use of the ordaining the Sacraments? Sacraments • Matthew 28:19-20 ______The Sacrament of the Altar is Our churches teach that the Sac- • I Corinthians 11:23-26 SACRAMENT, whereby all the promises raments were ordained, not only to • In the above verses, is Baptism and benefits come solely by God, that be marks of profession among men, and Holy Communion some- is, forgiveness of sins and eternal life. but even more, to be signs and tes- thing Lutherans (or some timonies of God’s will toward us. Christians) simply practice, or ______The Sacrament of the Altar is They were instituted to awaken and does God command and will SYMBOL, whereby the bread and wine confirm faith in those who use them. them? What is significant of represents the body and blood of Therefore, we must use the Sacra- this question? Christ and has no spiritual affect on the ments in such a way that faith, which receiver. believes the promises offered and How does Baptism affect faith? set forth through the Sacraments, is • Acts 2:38 How can the two non-Lutheran increased (II Thess. 1:3). • Galatians 3:27 statements above actually be Therefore, they condemn those • Mark 16:16 damaging to one’s faith? Why is it who teach that the Sacraments justi- important to understand the fy simply by the act of doing them. How does Holy Communion affect Sacraments rightly? They condemn those who do not faith? teach that faith, which believes that In 1530, the Lutherans were fighting • Matthew 26:28 sins are forgiven, is required in the two fronts concerning the Lord’s Sup- • I Peter 1:18-19 use of the Sacraments. per: Rome and “The .” • I John 1:7 Rome accused the “Protestants” as be-

Article IX (9) Baptism ing all the same. Article X makes it Mark each of the statements below Concerning Baptism, our church- clear that Lutherans are neither Roman (L) Lutheran, (RC) Roman Catholic, es teach that Baptism is necessary Catholic nor Protestant. Lutherans are or (R) Reformed? for salvation (Mk. 16:16) and that Lutherans. Lutherans do not believe

God’s grace is offered through Bap- the bread and wine changes into the ______The Sacrament of the Altar is tism (Titus 3:4-7). They teach that body and blood of Christ, nor does the SACRIFICE, whereby the Lord’s Supper children are to be baptized (Acts bread and wine represent the body and is a meritorious work performed by the 2:38-39). Being offered to God blood of Christ. clergy. This is an act whereby the cler- through Baptism, they are received gy “sacrifice” Christ again and again on into God’s grace. (Continued page 3) Being Lutheran for this Moment

Ulrich Zwingli

Leader of the “Sacramentarians” in Luther’s day who believed the bread and wine represented the body and blood of Jesus in the Lord’s Sup-

More on Baptism

(The following is taken from Lutheran Cyclopedia, CPH, 1954). Christ on the Cross with Three Angels. 1523-25 Graphische Sammlung Albertina, Vienna “The origin of the Mennonite bodies is traced back to the Anabaptist fanatics, who at the time of Luther, under the Lutheran for this Moment leadership of Muenzer boasted of celes- tial revelations, rejected Baptism, sub- More on the Lord’s Supper Scenario #1 verted the exiting forms of government, and caused general confusion for a What is actually being received in John and Jenny were high school number of years in Germany and other the Lord’s Supper? sweethearts. They fell in love and got countries in Europe (p. 668). The Gen- • Luke 22:19-20 married. John went to St. Martin’s eral Baptists are the spiritual descend- • I Corinthians 10:16 (LCMS) Church and Jenny went to ants of the Anabaptists (p. 87).” After First Baptist Church. They decided Zwingli died, continued As opposed to receiving mere bread they would each keep their own Zwingli’s work, creating the Reformed and wine, what is the significance church membership and take turns churches (Concordia, p. 62). and power of the body and blood of worshiping at each other’s church. Christ, i.e., Christ Himself in the John and Jenny are now expecting Calvinists churches teach baptism as Lord’s Supper in these real-life situ- their first child. About two months man’s dedication and commitment to ations? before their baby is born, John tells God. What do Lutherans believe, teach, • Guilt over a sin committed? Jenny they should start thinking about and confess concerning Baptism? • Wrestling with sexual iden- the Baptism of the baby. Jenny be- • Titus 3:4-7 tity? comes indignant and says the child • Acts 2:38-39 • Having serious doubts will not be baptized until 12-years old about God and the Bible? when their child can answer for her- Why do Lutherans state Calvinistic • Times of great sickness or self. John deeply believes his baby is churches are Pelagian or semi-Pelagian nearness to death? in need of baptism and Jenny believes in regard to Baptism (Week 2)? What is they can have a dedication of the child the greater miracle – a child or an adult to God when the baby is born and bap- coming to faith? Whose act of saving is What does the Bible say about re- tism later. it in baptism regardless of age? ceiving only the bread (body) or only the wine (blood) in Holy Com- 1. Why do Lutherans believe in in- munion as opposed to receiving fant baptism? (Acts 2:38-39. Ps. “both kinds” (Bread and Wine, Body 51:5, Jn. 3:5-6) and Blood) in the Lord’s Supper? 2. What is the spiritual distinction between what John believes and • Matthew 26:26-27 what Jenny believes? 3. Does it really matter if the baby is • Revelation 22:18-19 baptized or dedicated as long as • Does I Corinthians 11:27 they all believe in Jesus? refer only to the clergy? 4. Is John’s understanding of Bap- How does it apply to laity? tism law or gospel? What is the

significance of this question?

I Peter 1:3-5

Our churches condemn the Anabaptists, who reject the Scenario #2 Baptism of children, and say that children are saved without Baptism. Frank and Margaret were married for 62 years. They both worked hard and made a good living for themselves Article V (10) The Lord’s Supper and their children. Frank and Margaret died and left a Our churches teach that the body and blood of Christ sizeable estate. Included in the estate were a suburban are truly present and distributed to those who eat the home, a lake home, a number of heirlooms and special Lord’s Supper (I Cor. 10:16). They reject those who teach items, and a good amount of cash. It came time to read otherwise. Frank and Margaret’s last will and testament. After it was read, the children had some major questions and de- Article XXII (22) Both Kinds in the Sacrament manded that some things be changed. One child wanted The laity are given both kinds in the Sacrament of the this item rather than that item. One thought she deserved Lord’s Supper because this practice has the Lord’s com- more of the cash than what the parents had stated. In the mand, “Drink of it, all of you” (Matt. 26:27). Christ has end, their attorney told them that this was their parent’s clearly commanded that all should drink from the cup. last will and testament and what is written cannot be changed. This was the last will and testament of Frank And lest anyone misleadingly say that this refers only and Margaret – the children did not have the right to to priests, in I Cor. 11:27 Paul cites an example. From this change it. it appears that the whole congregation used both kinds. This practice has remained in the Church for a long time. The words of Jesus in Matthew, Mark, Luke, and I Corin- It is not known when, or by whom, or by whose authority, thians concerning the Lord’s Supper is His Last Will and it was changed. Cardinal Casanus mentions the time Testament. These words are the holy words of Christ, when it was approved. Cyprian in some places testifies even as the entire Bible is God’s holy Word. God’s Word that the blood was given to the people. testifies to is not changed or altered. It is God’s Word. the same thing when he says, “The priests administer the and distribute the blood of Christ to the peo- In light of the being the Last Will and ple.” Indeed Pope Gelasius commands that the Sacrament Testament of God Incarnate, how do we respond to these not be divided (dist. II., De Consecratione, cap. Comperi- statements? mus). Only a recent custom has changed this. 1. I don’t see how the bread and wine can actually It is clear that any custom introduced against God’s be the Lord’s body and blood. I think the bread commandments is not to be allowed, as Church law bears and wine just symbolize the body and blood of witness (dist. III. cap. Veritate, and the following chap- Jesus. ters). This custom has been received, not only against the 2. I think all churches are the same. I think any Scripture, but also against old canon law and the example Christian should be able to commune at any of the Church. Therefore, if anyone preferred to use both Christian altar. kinds in the Sacrament, they should not have been com- 3. I don’t like the taste of wine so I think a person pelled to do otherwise, as an offense against their con- should just receive the bread in Holy Communion science. Because the division of the Sacrament does not if they want. agree with the ordinance of Christ, it is our custom to 4. Everyone interprets the Bible differently. Who omit the procession [with the hosts], which has been used are we to judge another denomination what they before. want to believe about the Lord’s Supper?

A Sacrament

Is a sacred act instituted by God, in which God Himself has joined His Word of promise to a visible element, and by which He offers, gives, and seals the forgiveness of sins earned by Christ. The word sacrament comes from the Latin Bible, where it translates the Greek word mystery.

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Being Lutheran for this Moment AUGSBURG CONFESSION WEEK 6 Being Lutheran For this Moment Article 6………...New Obedience Article 20…………...Good Works

OPENING PRAYER

Spoken in unison Almighty God, give us grace that we may cast away the works of darkness and put upon ourselves the armor of light now in the time of this mortal life in which Your Son, Jesus Christ, came to visit us in great humility, that in the Last Day, when He shall come again in glorious majesty to judge both the living and the dead, we may rise to life immmortal; through Jesus Christ, our Lord. Amen.

Getting Started… John is a good and faithful partner to his beloved, Rachel. In over 27 years, John has not missed a year in remembering Rachel’s birthday or their anniversary. When John comes home at night, he makes sure he doesn’t sit down to relax until all the house chores are done and the two of them can sit down together. John makes sure Rachel’s car is always in good repair and often fills it with gas for her. Now… does John do these things in order to become Rachel’s husband, or because he already is her husband? What’s the point of this question?

Read… Let’s review… 3. Is James talking about the good Article VI (6) New Obedience How alone are sinners saved from works of those already justified by Our churches teach that this faith sin and eternal death? grace in Christ Jesus or those who is bound to bring forth good fruit 1. Acts 4:12 do not yet know Christ? Does it (Gal. 5:22-23). It is necessary to do 2. Ephesians 2:8-9 matter? good works commanded by God 4. How do we show others we believe (Eph. 2:10), because of God’s will. Do Lutherans deny that Christians in Jesus Christ for the forgiveness We should not rely on those works should do good works? of sins and the gift of eternal life? to merit justification before God. 1. Ephesians 2:10 5. Is James saying we are saved by our The forgiveness of sins and justifica- 2. Titus 2:14 works? tion is received through faith. The 3. Hebrews 13:20-21 6. When Abraham was willing to sacri- voice of Christ testifies, “So you also, fice Isaac, was he doing this to earn when you have done all that you Read James 2:14-26 God’s favor? How was Abraham’s were commanded, say, ‘We are un- 1. Can a person have saving faith willingness to sacrifice Isaac a worthy servants; we have only done (salvation in Christ) and yet re- good work? what was our duty’” (Luke 17:10). fuse to love his neighbor? 7. James says, “Faith was completed The Fathers teach the same thing. 2. Someone who says they believe by [Abraham’s] works. As Scrip- Ambrose says, “It is ordained of God in Jesus Christ and yet refuses ture interprets Scripture, what is that he who believes in Christ is to love his neighbor actually the correct understanding of these saved, freely receiving forgiveness of has a ______faith. Faith words? Is it that… sins, without works, through faith apart from works is ______. a. Abraham cooperated in alone.” his salvation by his will- ingness to sacrifice Isaac. Article XX (20) Good Works – or– Our teachers are falsely accused b. The “complete” Christian of forbidding Good Works. Their faith encompasses being published writings on the Ten Com- saved solely by the grace mandments, and other similar writ- of God in Christ Jesus and ings, bear that they have usefully the Christian living in this taught about all estates and duties of salvation with a life of life. good works toward God and neighbor. (Continued page 3)

Read Matthew 12:33-37 1. Jesus uses the tree as a metaphor for all people. Is a person a “good tree” in and of himself? 2. A “bad tree” is one who rejects Christ, therefore is not fed and nourished with the gifts of Christ in Word and Sacrament. What kind of “fruit” (works) will a bad tree pro- duce? 3. What kind of fruit will a good tree (in whom Christ dwells) produce?

Read John 15:1-17 1. Who is the vine? Who are the branches? 2. How do eternally dead sinners get to be a part of the Vine? Once a part of the Vine, how are the branches fed and nourished (v. 3)? Lutheran for this Moment 3. What do those who are grafted back 4. Does a Christian mother change Scenario into the Vine produce in their daily her baby’s diaper thinking, “If I life? change my baby’s diaper, this Bob and Kathy Johnson have been 4. In vs. 12-17, what attribute of God will be a good work toward God neighbors for over twenty years. toward sinners is mentioned and that He may love me more?” Their children and yours have been how is it acted out? Why does the Christian mother best of friends. When you had your 5. Does an apple tree need to be com- change her baby’s diaper? third child, Kathy was there for you. manded to produce apples? Why What does “new obedience” When you had emergency surgery, does an apple tree produce apples? and “good works,” as the Augs- Bob planted your crops. You were Why do Christians produce good burg Confession defines them, almost like family. After twenty years, works and love toward their neigh- have to do with the mother and Bob and Kathy have decided to move bor? changing her baby’s diaper? to a different state to be closer to their 6. Does the Christian love his neighbor 5. Read the first bold paragraph children and grandchildren. You’ve so that he can be grafted into the on p. 3, “Until now conscienc- had a long hard week and you were vine or because he is grafted into es…” In order to rightly under- waiting for the weekend to just relax. the vine? What is the difference? stand “good works,” what needs You found out Bob and Kathy need

to be understood first and help packing.

foremost? Article XX and Vocation 6. Read the second bold portion Ending #1 –You say to your wife, “I sup- 1. What is “vocation?” on p. 3, “Furthermore, we pose we should go help Bob and Kathy, 2. Share with those around you the teach…” How can we say good even though I don’t want to. If we go help vocations you fill in life? works are necessary in light of them, maybe God will show a little favor 3. How is “good fruit” evident to others toward us and give us a good crop this the doctrine of Christ and justi- as you live out your vocations? year.” How is ending #1 not consistent fication? with the Augsburg Confession? 7. Are Lutherans against good

works? Ending #2 – You say to your wife, “Look at 8. Finish these statements at- our list of good works, honey. How many

tributed to Martin Luther. have we done so far this week? I guess we

need a few more this week. Let’s go help

“Good works are works that flow Bob and Kathy.” How is ending #2 not

from faith and from the joy of heart consistent with the Augsburg Confession?

that has come to us because we Ending #3 – You look at your wife and say, have forgiveness of sins through “Let’s go help the Johnsons. How about we ______.” pick up a pizza on our way and take it over

there. What kind do you think they like?” How is ending #3 consistent with the

“God does not need our good works, Augsburg Confession?

I Peter 1:3-5 our ______does.” Being Lutheran for this Moment They have taught well what is pleasing to God in every station into monasteries, hoping to merit grace by a monastic life. and vocation in life. Before now, preachers taught but little Some people came up with other works to merit grace and about these things. They encouraged only childish and needless make satisfaction for sins. That is why the need was so works, such as particular holy days, particular fasts, brother- great for teaching and renewing the doctrine of faith in hoods, pilgrimages, services tin honor of the , the use of Christ, so that anxious would not be without rosaries, monasticism, and such things. Since our adversaries consolation but would know that grace, forgiveness of sins, have been admonished about these things, they are now un- and justification are received by faith in Christ. learning them. They do not preach these unhelpful works as much as they used to. In the past, there was only stunning si- People are also warned that the term faith does not mean lence about faith, but now they are beginning to mention it. simply a knowledge of a history, such as the ungodly and devil They do not teach that we are justified only by works. They join have (Jms. 2:19). Rather, it means a faith that believes, not faith and works together, and say that we are justified by faith merely the history, but also the effect of history. In other words, and works. This teaching is more tolerable than the former one. it believes this article: the forgiveness of sins. We have grace, It can offer more consolation than their old teaching. righteousness, and forgiveness of sins through Christ.

The doctrine about faith, which ought to be the chief doctrine The person who knows that he has a Father who is gracious in the Church, has remained unknown for so long. Everyone has to him through Christ truly knows God (Jn. 14:7). He also to admit that there was the deepest silence in their sermons knows that God cares for him (I Pet. 5:7), and he calls upon God concerning the righteousness of faith. They only taught about (Rom. 10:13). In a word, he is not without God, as are the hea- works in the churches. This is why our teachers teach the then. For devils and the ungodly are not able to believe this churches about faith in this way. article: the forgiveness of sins. Hence, they hate God as an enemy (Rom. 3:11-12) and expect no good from Him. Augustine First, they teach that our works cannot reconcile God to us also warns his readers about the word faith and teaches that the or merit forgiveness of sins, grace, and justification. We obtain term is used in the Scriptures, not for the knowledge that is in reconciliation only by faith when we believe that we are re- the ungodly, but for the confidence that consoles and encour- ceived into favor for Christ’s sake. He alone has been set forth ages the terrified mind. as the Mediator and Atoning Sacrifice (I Tim. 2:5), in order that the Father may be reconciled through Him. Therefore, whoever Furthermore, we teach that it is necessary to do good believes that he merits grace by works despises the merit and works. This does not mean that we merit grace by doing grace of Christ (Gal. 5:4). In so doing, he is seeking a way to God good works, but because it is Gods will (Eph. 2:10). It is without Christ, by human strength, although Christ Himself said, only by faith, and nothing else, that forgiveness of sins is “I am the way, and the truth, and the life” (Jn. 14:6). apprehended. The Holy Spirit is received through faith, hearts are renewed and given new affections, and then they This doctrine about faith is presented everywhere by Paul, are able to bring forth good works. Ambrose says: “Faith is “By grace you have been saved through faith. And this is not the mother of a good will and doing what is right.” Without the your own doing; it is the gift of God” (Eph. 2:8). Holy Spirit people are full of ungodly desires. They are too weak to do works that are good in God’s sight (Jn. 15:5). Be- If anyone wants to be tricky and say that we have invented a sides, they are in the power of the devil, who pushes human new interpretation of Paul, this entire matter is supported by beings into various sins, ungodly opinions, and open crimes. We the testimony of the Fathers. Augustine defends grace and the see this in the philosophers, who, although they tried to live an righteousness of faith in many volumes against the merits of honest life could not succeed, but were defiled with many open works. Ambrose, in his book The Calling of the Gentiles, and crimes. Such is human weakness, without faith and without the elsewhere, teaches the same things. In The Calling of the Gen- Holy Spirit, when governed only by human strength. tiles he says, “Redemption by Christ’s blood would be worth very little, and God’s mercy would not surpass man’s works, if Therefore, it is easy to see that this doctrine is not to be ac- justification, which is accomplished through grace, were due to cused of banning good works. Instead, it is to be commended all prior merits. So justification would not be the free gift from a the more because it shows how we are enabled to do good donor, but the reward due the laborer.” works. For without faith, human nature cannot, in any way, do the works of the First or Second Commandment (I Cor. 2:14). Spiritually inexperienced people despise this teaching. How- Without faith, human nature does not call upon God, nor expect ever, God-fearing and anxious consciences find by experience anything from Him, nor bear the cross (Matt. 16:24). Instead, that it brings the greatest consolation. Consciences cannot be human nature seeks and trusts in human help. So when there is set at rest through any works, but only by faith, when they take no faith and trust in the sure ground that for Christ’s sake they have a gracious God. God, all kinds of As Paul teaches, “since we have been justified by faith, we have lusts and human peace with God” (Rom. 5:1). This whole doctrine must be relat- intentions rule in ed to the conflict of the terrified conscience. It cannot be under- the heart (Gen. 6:5). stood apart from that conflict. Therefore, inexperienced and This is why Christ irreverent people have poor judgment in this matter because says, “Apart from Me they dream that Christian righteousness is nothing but civil and you can do nothing” philosophical righteousness. (Jn. 15:5). That is why the Church Until now consciences were plagued with the doctrine of sings: “Lacking Your works. They did not hear consolation from . divine favor, there is Some people were driven by conscience into the desert and nothing in man. 123

AUGSBURG CONFESSION WEEK 7 Being Lutheran For this Moment Article 7………………The Church Article 8…...What the Church Is

OPENING PRAYER

L: Let us pray for the whole Church, that our Lord God would defend her against all the assaults and temptations of the adversary and keep her perpetually on the true foundation, Jesus Christ: R: Almighty and everlasting God, since you have revealed your glory to all nations in Jesus Christ and in the Word of His truth, keep, we ask you, in safety all works of your mercy so that your Church, spread throughout all nations, may be defended against the adversary and may serve you in the true faith and per- severe in the confession of your name; through Jesus Christ, our Lord. Amen.

Getting Started… Richard and Frank are having coffee at the local diner. They start complaining about how church isn’t the same as it used to be. Richard says, “To me, Church is the beautiful stain glass windows and the organ music – the louder the better.” Frank says, “The organist plays too loud. To me the Church is the sitting in a Church that’s paid for and clean.” Martha overhears their conversation and says, “To me Church is having family with you and the old mission festivals.” What is “Church” to you?

Read… are administered by evil men. True or False – and why? Article VII (7) The Church Our churches teach that one holy Our churches condemn the Dona- T F 1. The Church is the congregation Church is to remain forever. The tists, and others like them, who deny of saints. Church is the congregation of saints that it is lawful to use the ministry of (Ps. 149:1) in which the Gospel is evil men in the Church, and who think T F 2. The Lutheran Church denies power to the Sacraments admin- purely taught and the Sacraments that the ministry of evil men is not use- istered by hypocrites or wicked are correctly administered. For the ful and is ineffective. men. true unity of the Church it is enough ______to agree about the doctrine of the T F 3. At its core, the Church is a Gospel and the administration of the What is The Church? fellowship of faith and of the sacraments. It is not necessary that • Ephesians 2:19-22 Holy Spirit in hearts. human traditions, that is, rites or • Ephesians 5:25-27 T F 4. The fellowship of the Church has ceremonies instituted by men, • John 10:16 should be the same everywhere. As outward marks so that the • Romans 12:4-5 with Colos- Church can be recognized as Paul says, “One Lord, one faith, one sians 1:18 such. baptism, one God and Father of all” • I Peter 2:5 (Eph. 4:5-6). T F 5. The marks of the Church, by What does the Church do? which she is recognized, are the Article VIII (8) What the Church Is • Psalm 149:1 pure doctrine of the Gospel and Strictly speaking, the Church is the administration of the Sac- • Acts 2:42 the congregation of saints and true raments in accordance with the • II Timothy 4:2 believers. However, because many Gospel of Christ. • Matthew 28:19-20 hypocrites and evil persons are I Corinthians 11:26 T F 6. The Church is people scattered mingled within them in this life • throughout the whole world (Matt. 13:24-30), it is lawful to use • Hebrews 10:23-25 who agree about the Gospel and Sacraments administered by evil Read Matthew 13:24-30 have the same Christ and the men, according to the saying of same Sacraments, whether they Christ, “The scribes and the Phari- • What is the “Visible” Church? have the same or different hu- sees sit on Moses’ seat.” (Matt. 23:2). • What is the “Invisible” Church? man traditions. Both the Sacraments and the Word • Is Jesus saying “The Church” are effective because of Christ’s insti- does not judge sin? (Matt. T F 7. The Church is properly the pillar tution and command, even if they 18:17, I Cor. 5:1-2) of the Truth. Being Lutheran for this Moment

T F 8. The Church consists of those per- sons in whom there is a true “It is nothing else knowledge and confession of than a divine wa- faith and truth. ter, not that the

water in itself is T F 9. The true unity of the Church is not injured by dissimilar cere- nobler than other monies instituted by humans, water but that however it is pleasing, for the God’s Word and sake of peace that universal cere- commandment monies be kept. are added to it.”

T F 10. We willingly keep the order of Martin Luther the in the churches, the Large Lord’s Day. IV, 14 T F 11. The holiness of the Church does not come from albs, tonsures, long gowns, and other ceremo- nies made up without Holy Scrip- ture, but from God’s Word and true faith. Lutheran for this Moment

T F 12. The Church is the holy believers District President and Elects Dis- Scenario #2: and lambs who hear the voice of trict President, Donatus. Donatus their shepherd. and this more rigorous faction of You and your spouse have your first child, the Church “holds that the Sacra- Emma. A week after Emma was born, she ments administered by one deserv- was baptized by Pastor Ramilio. Pastor Who are these Donatists? ing excommunication are invalid. Ramilio was very much a part of the fami- ly’s life. As a little girl, Emma would run He holds that the Church that failed into church looking for Pastor Ramilio to Scenario #1: to excommunicate such ‘traitors’ give him a big hug. Pastor Ramilio was ceases to be the true church. This there when Emma started Sunday School, Let’s say it becomes illegal for pastors rigorous group believes that even a at each of her Christmas programs, and and churches to be in possession of the Baptism, performed by a pastor Vacation Bible School. Emma learned the Bible or any other sacred books. In- deserving excommunication, is an Catechism with Pastor Ramilio and was stead of holding on to these books and invalid baptism.” (Lutheran Cyclo- confirmed by him. “being faithful even unto death,” District pedia, CPH, 1954, p. 312-313). President Mensurius, in fear of his life, To the shock of the congregation, it was discovered that Pastor Ramilio was in- hands his sacred books over to those 1. How do you see this belief and volved in a secret same-sex relationship. who are demanding them. Some time practice of Donatus and his fol- later, District President Mensurius dies He soon divorced his wife and left the min- lowers being troublesome for istry. of natural causes. the Church, especially the lay people? After sorting out all the pain of a fallen The moderate faction of the Church 2. Is the “validity” and “effective- pastor, you begin to think of Emma. In the elects a new District President, who is of ness” of a Sacrament dependent back of your mind you wonder how long the same mind as DP Mensurius. A upon the sins, penitence, im- Pastor Ramilio was living this secret life. more rigorous faction of the Church, penitence, or church practices Your mind begins to worry. Was he living in this sin when He baptized Emma? More however, excommunicates this new of the pastor? so, if he baptized Emma in a time of his 3. Why are the Sacraments not own impenitence, was Emma’s baptism dependent upon the faith and valid? Was Emma really baptized? life of the pastor? What gives

the Sacraments their validity How do the following passages help Em- ma’s mother and father navigate through and power? 4. If the validity of the Sacraments this concern?

is not upon the faith and life of the pastor, then why does it • Matthew 28:19-20

matter whether or not the pas- • John 3:5-6

tor is above reproach, or even a • I Peter 3:21 Titus 3:5-8 believer? • • Galatians 3:26-27

I Peter 1:3-5 123

AUGSBURG CONFESSION WEEK 8 Being Lutheran For this Moment Article 11……………..Confession Article 25……………..Confession Article 12…………….Repentance

OPENING PRAYER

Prayed in union From depths of woe I cry to Thee, In trial and tribulation; Bend down Thy gracious ear to me, Lord, hear my supplication. If Thou remembr’rest ev’ry sin, Who then could heaven ever win Or stand before Thy presence?

Thy love and grace alone avail To blot out my transgression; The best and holiest deeds must fail To break Sin’s dread oppression. Before Thee none can boasting stand, But all must fear Thy strict demand And live alone by mercy.

Though great our sins, yet greater still Is God’s abundant favor; His hand of mercy never will Abandon us, nor waver. Our shepherd good and true is He, Who will at last His Israel free From all their sin and sorrow.

LSB 607: 1,2,5 Getting Started… “Consider your place in life according to the Ten Commandments: Are you a father, mother, son, daughter, husband, wife, or worker? Have you been disobedient, unfaithful, or lazy? Have you been hot-tempered, rude, or quarrelsome? Have you hurt someone by your words or deeds? Have you stolen, been negligent, wasted anything, or done any harm?” (Small Catechism, Confession). How do words such as these prepare us for Confession of Sins? What does it mean for your faith and life to be absolved of such sins?

Read… Our Churches Teach… We Speak of Two Parts of Confession Article XI (11) Confession Our churches teach that private 1. Twenty of the twenty-eight Articles in 1. According to the following verses, should be retained in the the Augsburg Confession begin with what is the first part? churches, although listing all sins is what three words? a. Psalm 32:3-5 2. What is the significance of our Church’s not necessary for Confession. For, confessional statements beginning this b. Psalm 51:1-4 according to the Psalm, it is impossi- way? ble. “Who can discern his errors?” 3. What do these words mean for the 2. According to the following verses, (Psalm 19:12). Lutheran Church—Missouri what is the second part? with all her congregations, laypeople, a. John 20:19-23 Article XXV (25) Confession pastors, universities, missionaries, b. Isaiah 1:18 Confession in our churches is not seminaries, auxiliaries, and more? abolished among us. The body of the Lord is not usually given to those The Role of the Pastor in Confession Do We or Don’t We? who have not been examined (I Cor. and Absolution in Article XXV 1. Does the Lutheran Church teach 11:27-28) and absolved. Before, and confess private confession and there was profound silence about 1. With what sacrament is Confession absolution? faith. Our people are taught that connected (I Cor. 11:27-28)? 2. According to Article XI, what do they should highly prize the Absolu- 2. How does this relate to I Corinthi- Lutherans retain and what do tion as being God’s voice and pro- ans 4:1? Lutherans object to? nounced by God’s command. The 3. Consider these words, “Our people

Power of the Keys (Matt. 16:19) is are taught that they should highly set forth in its beauty. They are re- “When I urge you to go to confession, prize the Absolution as being God’s minded what great consolation it I am simply urging you voice and pronounced by God’s brings to anxious consciences and to be a Christian.” command. The Power of the Keys that God requires faith to believe Large Catechism, Brief Exhortation 32 (Matt. 16:19) is set forth in its such absolution as a voice sounding beauty.” Question: Through

from heaven (e.g. Jn. 12:28-30). whose mouth is God’s voice publi- 3. When do we make confession to They are taught that such faith in cally heard? a. God? Christ truly obtains and receives the 4. How does our Liturgy reflect the b. Our Neighbor? forgiveness of sins. Before, satisfact- Augsburg Confession in LSB, p. 151 c. Our Pastor? in the words of the Absolution, (Continued on page 3) Being Lutheran for this Moment especially each of the words highlight- ed? “I am glad that confession is “Almighty God in His mercy has given His found in the Son to die for you and for His sake forgives Church of Christ, you all your sins. As a called and ordained for it is an servant of Christ, and by His Authority, I extraordinary therefore forgive you all your sins in the remedy for name of the Father and of the +Son and of the Holy Spirit.” afflicted consciences.”

What’s Lutheran – What’s Not? Martin Luther L – Lutheran The Babylonian NL – Not Lutheran Captivity, 1520

L NL Private Confession and Absolu- tion is to be kept in the practice of the Church.

L NL It is important for the Christian to list every single sin, and not Lutheran for this Moment miss any, when confessing before Anabaptists and Novatians Consider Luther’s “Short Form of Confes- the pastor. (Ps. 9:12) sion.” What is Luther’s Biblical under-

According to Article XII:7-8, our standing of Confession and Absolution by L NL Only the pastor can forgive any Churches condemn The Anabaptists the evidence of his own words” (Luther’s one’s sin. (Jms. 5:16) for two things: (1) Teaching “once Small Catechism, 1991, p. 221)

saved always saved” and (2) Teaching L NL The very act of confessing one’s that a Christian can reach the state of • “Dear confessor, I ask you please to sins is a good work that merits perfection on earth in this life and no hear my confession and to pronounce the forgiveness of sins. (Eph. 2:8- longer sin. Modern-day Anabaptists forgiveness in order to fulfill God’s 9) include the Hutterites, Mennonites, will.”

Amish, , some branches of • “God be merciful to you and strength- L NL The beauty of private confession Baptists, and some Scandinavian Pietis- en your faith.” and absolution is not so much tic groups. • “Do you believe that my forgiveness is the naming of sins, but the hear- God’s forgiveness?” ing of forgiveness. (II Sam. 12:13) Lutherans do not teach an upward • “Let is be done for you as you believe. movement toward perfect, but rather a And I, by the command of our Lord Je- L NL Luther’s intent for the Reform- daily drowning of sin and rising with sus Christ, forgive you yours sins in ation was to do away with pri- Christ in forgiveness and new life. How the name of the Father of the Son and vate confession and absolution. do the following Scriptural references of the Holy Spirit. Amen. Go in shape Lutheran doctrine and practice? peace.” L NL The pastor makes a very sacred • Jeremiah 3:12 vow to God and to his people that • Galatians 5:16-26 he will never tell anyone else of Scenario any sins confessed to him. (Ps. • Romans 7:7-25

103:12, Prov. 11:13, I Tim. 3:1-2) What gifts does God give to the repent- Harold and Martha have been married for ant sinner who is forgiven daily? 37 years. Though they’ve had their ups and • Isaiah 40:1-2 downs in their marriage, theirs was a very • Psalm 32:1-2 healthy marriage, and faithful to one an- • Matthew 18:21-22 other. They believe in Jesus Christ, they love their church home, they attend Bible

According to Article XII:9, our Churches study regularly, and they go to the Sacra- condemn The Novatians for withhold- ment often. ing forgiveness of sins on those who sinned after their Baptism, even though But at the end of one hot day when nothing they had sincere repentance. The No- seemed to be going right for either of vatianists refused to forgive Christians them, they both came home irritable and who had committed "mortal sins,” such edgy. One thing led to another and Harold as idolatry, murder, and adultery. Being just let go with a long string of loud pro- anti-pope and anti-clergy, they believed fanities, screaming at Martha and getting no man could forgive such sins, but only right into her face. He was hot with rage.

God. I Peter 1:3-5 (continued on next page) ions were praised without restraint, but little was said us to merit grace through satisfactions of our own. about faith, Christ’s merit, and the righteousness of faith. Therefore, on this point, our churches are by no means to They also reject those who teach that it is necessary to be blamed. Even our adversaries have to concede the perform works of satisfaction, commanded by Church point that our teachers have diligently taught the doctrine law, in order to remit eternal punishment or the punish- of repentance and laid it open. ment of .

Our churches teach that naming every sin is not neces- sary and that consciences should not be burdened with worry about naming sin. It is impossible to recount all Scenario (continued) sins, as Ps. 19:12 testifies: “Who can discern his errors?” Also Jeremiah 17:9, “The heart is deceitful above all Harold and Martha slept in separate beds that night. Neither of things, and desperately sick; who can understand it?” If them hardly slept a wink. For both of them their anger turned only sins that can be named are forgiven, consciences to sadness and their sadness turned into immense guilt. Neither could never find peace. For many sins cannot be seen or of them were innocent in the argument and they were both feel- ing quite ashamed of themselves. remembered. The ancient writers also testify that a list- ing of sins is not necessary. For in the Decrees, Chrysos- The next morning at breakfast Harold looked at Martha and tom is quoted. He says, “I do not say that you should asked if she wanted to talk about it. She nodded. Harold pro- make yours sins known in public, nor that you should ceeded to tell her he had a terrible day the day before and when accuse yourself before others, but I would have you obey he got home he sinfully took it out on her. He told her he was the prophet who says, ‘Make known your ways before ashamed of himself for talking to her that way and that he was God’ [Ps. 37:5]. Therefore, confess your sins before God, very sorry. He looked at Martha in the eye and said, “Martha, the true Judge, with prayer. Tell your errors, not with the please forgive me. I sinned against you.” Martha said, “Harold, I tongue, but with the memory of your conscience, and so love you and I forgive you. I too sinned against you. Please for- give me as well.” Harold forgave Martha. They decided it was a forth.” good idea to take out their Portals of Prayer and have their de- votion together. And the Gloss (Of Repentance, Distinct. V, Cap, Consideret) admits that Confession is of human right only. Neverthe- While Harold heard forgiveness from his wife, he couldn’t help less, because of the great benefit of Absolution, and be- but still feel awful about his actions and his words. He was cause it is otherwise useful to the conscience, Confession troubled for the next couple weeks. One night after a church is retained among us. council meeting, Harold said, “Pastor, do you have a few minutes?” Harold and his pastor went into the pastor’s study and Harold told him about the argument and how he felt so aw- ful, even though Martha forgave him. Pastor Smith said, “Harold Article XII (12) Repentance would you like to have private confession and absolution?” Our churches teach that there is forgiveness of sins for Harold agreed and Pastor Smith opened the hymnal to the page those who have fallen after Baptism whenever they are that said, “Individual Confession and Absolution: Based on the converted. The Church ought to impart Absolution to Rite in Luther’s Small Catechism.” those who return to repentance (Jer. 3:12). Now, strictly speaking, repentance consists of two parts. One part is As Pastor Smith heard Harold’s confession, Pastor Smith read contrition, that is, terrors striking the conscience through some passages from Scripture that spoke of God’s great love for the knowledge of sin. The other part is faith, which is His people and His ever-giving forgiveness of sins, and the com- born of the Gospel (Rom. 10:17) or the Absolution and fort God promises to His repentant children. believes that for Christ’s sake, sins are forgiven. It com- When Harold had heard God’s forgiveness from the voice of his forts the conscience and delivers it from terror. Then pastor, tears ran down his cheek and Harold was so relieved! good works are bound to follow, which are the fruit of He felt like a weight had been lifted from his shoulders. repentance (Gal. 5:22-23). 1. Did Harold have to confess his sin to his pastor in or- (7-8) Our churches condemn the Anabaptists, who de- der for God to forgive him? ny that those who have once been justified can lose the 2. Why was it so refreshing and good for Harold to con- Holy Spirit. They also condemn those who argue that fess his sin to Pastor Smith? some may reach such a state of perfection in this life that 3. As a married man himself, and a faithful compassion- ate shepherd of his parishioners, what might have they cannot sin. been going through Pastor Smith’s mind and heart when Harold was confessing his sin? (9) The Novatians also are condemned, who would not absolve those who had fallen after Baptism, though they While we live on this earth we will sin every day. Daily we sin returned to repentance. and daily we are forgiven. Daily we drown our old man and daily we rise with the new man. We live as 100% sinner, 100% Our Churches also reject those who do not teach that all through our earthly journey. According to Revelation forgiveness of sins comes through faith, but command 21:4, when will sin and death be no more? 123

Being Lutheran for this Moment AUGSBURG CONFESSION WEEK 9 Being Lutheran For this Moment Article 24………………..The Mass Article 15…………………...Church Ceremonies Article 21……….Worship of the

Saints OPENING PRAYER

L In the name of the Father and of the +Son and of the Holy Spirit. R Amen.

L The Lord be with you. R And also with you.

L Let us pray. R O Lord, our creator, redeemer, and comforter, when we come to worship You in spirit and in truth, we humbly pray that You would open our hearts to the preaching of Your Word so that we may repent of our sins, believe in Jesus Christ as our only Savior, and grow in grace and holiness. Hear us for the sake of His name. Amen.

Getting Started… Ted and Alicia have been living in their home for about 3 years. Alicia has been thinking about making some changes to the house now that they are settled in. She would like an “open concept” floor plan by removing the wall between their kitchen and living room. Alicia brings her idea to Ted. Discuss how various responses from Ted could affect their marriage and the decision concerning the house re- model: (1) Ted gets angry and says “No!” (2) Ted says, “Let me think about it for a while.” (3) Ted says, “Let’s sit down tonight after dinner and we can talk about this together and we’ll go from there.”

Read… Definition of Terms Doctrine and Practice Article XXIV (24) The Mass (selected portions) a. The Mass b. The Sacrament c. 1. Read I Cor. 11:25-26, Acts 2:42, Acts Our churches are falsely accused d. Presbyter e. Deacon f. Ceremonies 20:7– Why does the Lutheran Church— of abolishing the Mass. The Mass is g. Saints Missouri Synod celebrate the Mass held among us and celebrated with (Communion, Divine Service)?

the highest reverence. Early all the 2. Read Lev. 19:30, 26:2, Heb. 12:28, Eccl. usual ceremonies are also preserved, ____ 1. Used in the for those who governed and directed the Christian commu- 5:1 – Why do Lutherans worship the except that the parts sung in Latin nities, preached the Gospel, administered the way they do, taking into consideration are interspersed here and there with sacraments, used the keys. the following from Article XXIV and German hymns. These have been XXI? added to teach the people. For cer- ____ 2. The Service of the Lord’s Supper to which Lutherans would most often refer to as “The “The Mass is held among us and celebrated emonies are needed for this reason Divine Service.” alone, that the uneducated be taught with the highest reverence.” what they need to know about ____ 3. Following the pattern of the Church year, “All those able to do so partake of the Sac- Christ. Not only has Paul command- various festival days, vestment worn by cler- gy, use of candles, crucifixes, rites, decora- rament together. This also increases ed that a language understood by the tions, and human traditions. the reverence and devotion of public people be used in church (I Cor. worship.” 14:2,9), but human law has also ____ 4. Also known as “Elder,” serving in the church, supporting office of the office of the commanded it. All those able to do “It can be easily judged that if the churches holy ministry, sometimes known to preach so partake of the Sacrament togeth- and teach (I Tim. 5:17). observed the ceremonies correctly, er. This also increases the reverence their dignity would be maintained and and devotion of public worship. No ____ 5. Used in the articles addressed here it re- reverence and piety would increase one is admitted to the Sacrament fers to the Lord’s Supper or Holy Commun- among the people.” ion. without first being examined. The

people are also advised about the ____ 6. Used in these articles addressed here it re- 3. How do you see the way Lutherans wor- fers to those designated as those set apart or dignity and use of the Sacrament, ship being consistent with these words about how it brings great consola- canonized as especially holy who hears and answers prayer. from Article XXIV, “Nearly all the usual tion to anxious consciences, so that ceremonies are also preserved, except they too may learn to believe God ____ 7. Faithful people in the church entrusted that the parts sung in Latin are inter- and to expect and ask from Him all with special responsibilities for service to spersed here and there with German their fellow Christians, especially in terms of hymns”? human care or mercy. (Continued on page 3)

4. Read the following passages. Where are these passages incorporated into the Lutheran Divine Service?

• Mk. 10:47 – K______• Lk. 2:14 - G______• Is. 6:3, Matt. 21:9 – S______• Jn. 20:19 – P______D______• Jn. 1:29 – A______D______• Lk. 2:29-32 – N______D______

5. The Lutheran liturgical structure (such The gifts are in the feast, Gifts far more than we can see; as LSB Divine Services) originates pre- Beneath the bread and wine Is food from Calvary. dominately from Alexandria, North The body and the blood Remove our ev’ry sin; Africa. From where do the following We leave His presence in His peace, renewed again. hymns originate (text and/or tune)? LSB 602:5 LSB 725 LSB 380 LSB 871 LSB 676 LSB 466 LSB 808 LSB 357 LSB 656 LSB 910

6. There are various Prayer Services in the Lutheran Church (Matins, Vespers, Lutheran for this Moment Prayer and Preaching,) to be used at Church Ceremonies Scenario various times of the day and week. The

Divine Service (The Mass, Communion), The Lutheran Church observes many however, is the usual Lord’s Day Liturgy Congregations have experienced pastors ceremonies without sin that are not with the Lord’s Supper. Discuss the fol- come and go. Each pastor seems to have commanded in Scripture, and yet our lowing statements from Article XXIV. certain things he feels is important or Confession states, “Ceremonies and would like to introduce in the worship life practices that are profitable for tran- “No one is admitted to the Sacrament without of the congregation. Often times these are quility and good order in the Church first being examined. The people are also very good pious practices, but the congre- ought to be observed.” Why do we ob- advised about the dignity and use of the Sac- gation has never done them before. Often serve the following ceremonies and rament, about how it brings great consolation times the pastor has experienced certain practices? to anxious consciences, so that they too may Lutheran practices at the seminary, but learn to believe God and to expect and ask these things are not the current practice of Cross Procession from Him all that is good.” • the congregation. This can sometimes • Making the Sign of the Cross cause confusion, misunderstanding, and “The Mass was instituted so that those who • Imposition of Ashes sometimes even conflict. use the Sacrament should remember, in faith, • Colored Paraments the benefits they receive through Christ and • Pastors wearing robes, stoles, You can go to various LCMS churches how their anxious consciences are cheered and chasubles across the country and observe the Bap- and comforted.” tismal Font placed in different locations in 1. If the Church were to teach that the church building. Some churches have “Because the Mass is for the purpose of giving these practices must be followed, the baptismal font front and center in the the Sacrament, we have Communion every this is called L______. chancel, some at the back entrance of the holy day, and if anyone desires the Sacrament, sanctuary (like both LCMS seminaries), we also offer it on other days, when it is given 2. If the Church were to teach that some off to the side in the front, and some, to all who ask for it.” these practices must not be fol- unfortunately hidden away and brought lowed or that they are actually out only when used. In most cases, there is harmful to the faith, this would be a good liturgical reason for such place- U______. ments of the font.

3. The writer of the Augsburg Confes- Let’s say the baptismal font in your church sion, Philip Melanchthon, used Col. is in the front, off to the side beneath the 2:16-17 in his discussion of cere- lectern. Your pastor would like to move monies in the Church. When are the font to the back entrance of the sanctu- Church ceremonies and practices ary where there is ample room for it. How harmful? When are they useful? best might a pastor and congregation

make the decision whether to move the 4. Why do Lutherans not pray to font or leave it where it is? Discuss the

saints? following options. • I Tim. 2:5-6 • Jn. 14:13 (continued on page 3) • I Jn. 2:1 I Peter 1:3-5 Being Lutheran for this Moment that is good. This worship pleases God (Col. 1:9-10). festivals, and the like) ought to be observed. Such use of the Sacrament nourishes true devotion to- ward God. Therefore, it does not appear that the Mass is Yet, the people are taught that consciences are not to more devoutly celebrated among our adversaries than be burdened as though observing such things was neces- among us… sary for salvation (Col. 2:16-17). They are also taught that human traditions instituted to make atonement with …But Christ commands us, “Do this in remembrance of God, to merit grace, and to make satisfaction for sins are Me” (Lk. 22:19). Therefore, the Mass was instituted so opposed to the Gospel and the doctrine of faith. So vows that those who use the Sacrament should remember, in and traditions concerning meats and days, and so forth, faith, the benefits they receive through Christ and how instituted to merit grace and to make satisfaction for sins, their anxious consciences are cheered and comforted. To are useless and contrary to the Gospel. remember Christ is to remember His benefits. It means to realize that they are truly offered to us. It is not enough only to remember history. (The Jewish people Article XXI (21) Worship of the Saints and the ungodly also remember this.) Therefore, the Our churches teach that the history of saints may be Mass is to be used for administering the Sacrament to set before us so that we may follow the example of their those that need consolation. Ambrose says, “Because I faith and good works, according to our calling. For exam- always sin, I always need to take the medicine.” ple, the emperor may follow the example of David (II Sam.) in making war to drive away the Turk from his Because the Mass is for the purpose of giving the Sac- country. For both are kings. But the Scriptures do not rament, we have Communion every holy day, and if any- teach that we are to call on the saints or to ask the saints one desires the Sacrament, we also offer it on other days, for help. Scripture sets before us the one Christ as the when it is given to all who ask for it. This custom is not Mediator, Atoning Sacrifice, High Priest, and Intercessor new in the Church. Their Fathers before Gregory make (I Tim. 2:5-6). He is to be prayed to. He has promised no mention of any private Mass, but they speak a lot that He will hear our prayer (Jn. 14:13). This is the wor- about the common Mass, or Communion. Chrysostom ship that He approves above all other worship, that He be says, “that the priest stands daily at the altar, inviting called upon in all afflictions. “If anyone does sin, we have some to the Communion and keeping back others.” It an advocate with the Father” (I Jn. 2:1). appears from the ancient council decisions that one per- son celebrated the Mass from whom all the other presby- ters and deacons received the body of the Lord. The rec- Moving the Baptismal Font (continued) ords of the decisions of the Council of Nicaea state, “Let the deacons, according to their order, receive the Holy 1. Without any explanation or announcement, the pastor on Communion after the presbyters, from the bishop or from his own one day moves the font and demands that its new a presbyter.” Paul, in I Cor. 11:33, has this command in location is where it will stay. regard to Communion: “wait for one another” so that 2. The pastor asks the elders if the font might be moved to the there may be a common participation. back just during and Easter, and then to move it back after Easter. Therefore, since the Mass among us follows the exam- ple of the Church, taken from the Scripture and the Fa- 3. The pastor introduces the idea of the baptismal font’s new thers, we are confident that it cannot be disapproved. location to the elders and says he would like to have a Bible This is especially so because we keep the public ceremo- study on the Sacrament of Holy Baptism. He tells the elders nies, which are for the most part similar to those previ- he would also like to take some time during the study to ously in us. Only the number of Masses differs. Without a talk about the historic and liturgical significance of the placement of the baptism font in different locations of the doubt, these might be reduced in a helpful way, because church building. of very great and clear abuses. For in older times, even in churches attended the most often, the Mass was not cele- 4. For 4-5 years, in his preaching and teaching, the pastor brated every day, as the Tripartite History (Book 9, chap. continues to grow the parishioner’s knowledge and under- 33) testifies, “In Alexandria, every Wednesday and Friday standing of Holy Baptism and the significance of Baptism the Scriptures are read, and the doctors expound them, for the lives of God’s people. After 4-5 years of faithful and all things are done, except the solemn rite of Com- preaching and teaching, the pastor brings up the idea of munion.” moving the font to see if the people might be inclined to such an idea.

How might your discussion of the above considerations play Article XV (15) Church Ceremonies into other Lutheran liturgical practices, e.g., Imposition of Ashes, Our churches teach that ceremonies ought to be ob- Processional crucifix, Paschal Candle, Gospel Procession, Easter served that may be observed without sin. Also, ceremo- Vigil, pastor wearing a chasuble? nies and other practices that are profitable for tranquility and good order in the Church (in particular, holy days, Are any of these practices/tradition necessary for salvation? 123

AUGSBURG CONFESSION WEEK 10 Being Lutheran For this Moment Article 18………………..Free Will Article 26..Distinction of Meats

OPENING PRAYER Prayed in unison

How clear is our vocation, Lord, when once we heed Your call: To live according to Your Word and daily learn, refreshed, restored, That You are Lord of all and will not let us fall.

In what You give us, Lord, to do, together or alone; In old routines or ventures new, may we not cease to look to You, The cross You hung upon – all You endeavored done. Amen.

LSB 853: 1,4

Getting Started… The men’s group at Church plans a fishing trip to the big lake. For weeks they planned this trip and finally the day has come. They load the van, tell fishing stories all the way up, unload their belonging when they arrive, and head out for a great day of fishing. After they returned to shore, and all the fish were cleaned, some of the men bring to the group a case of beer. The plan was to just have a beer or two before dinner and socialize. Marvin gets a funny look on his face and says, “I thought this was a Christian fishing trip!” We can’t drink beer!” Did they have the Christian freedom to drink a beer? How do you think this should be resolved?

Read… God’s Will 1. Which car to buy Article XVIII (18) Free Will It can be said that God’s will is two-fold. 2. What to plant in one’s garden Our churches teach that a per- What is “God’s Will” according to these two 3. Whom to marry son’s will has some freedom to sets of Scripture passages? 4. Where to live 5. Choose to volunteer for Hospice choose civil righteousness and to do 6. Serve in the military things subject to reason. It has no Set 1 Set 2 Exodus 20:1-17 John 6:40 7. Murder an enemy power, without the Holy Spirit, to Deut. 4:2 I Tim. 2:4 8. Rob the liquor store work the righteousness of God, that I Thess. 4:3, 5:18 Ezek. 33:11 9. Bully a classmate is, spiritual righteousness. For “the Rom. 12:2 II Peter 3:9 natural person does not accept the For the natural man, does God ordinarily things of the Spirit of God” (I Cor. will these things in the every-day lives of 2:14). This righteousness is worked Man’s Will His people? Does God “will” what color in the heart when the Holy Spirit is What is the will of mankind since the fall of garbage can to buy, the piece of clothing you will wear today, what kind of mattress received through the Word (Gal. 3:2- Adam and Eve? you will purchase, what profession you 6). • Genesis 8:21 choose for life? This is what Augustine says in his Hypognosticon, Book III: • Romans 8:7-8 • I Corinthians 2:14 Bondage of the Will “We grant that all people have a free will. Consider once again the first lines of Article It is free as far as it has the judgment of • Psalm 14:1-3 XVIII, “Our churches teach that a person’s reason. This does not mean that it is will has some freedom to choose civil right- able, without God, either to begin, or at The Freedom of the Will eousness and to do things subject to rea- least to complete, anything that has to do son.” In his explanation of the First Article of the with God. It is free only in works of this Apostles’ Creed, Luther writes, “I believe life, whether good or evil. Good I call But then… “It has no power, without the that God has made me and all creatures; those works that spring from the good in Holy Spirit, to work the righteousness of that He has given me my body and soul, nature, such as willing to labor in the God, that is, spiritual righteousness… This eyes, ears, and all my members, my reason field, to eat and drink, to have a friend, to righteousness is worked in the heart when and all my senses, and still takes care of clothe oneself, to build a house, to marry the Holy Spirit is received through the them.” God gives these gifts to all people: a wife, to raise cattle, to learn various Word.” Christians and non-Christians alike. useful arts, or whatsoever good applies

to this life. For all of these things depend 1. Does natural man have the will to Therefore, for the Christian, Buddhist, Mus- on the providence of God. They are from please God with his works? lim, Jew, Atheist, or whomever, is it God’s Him and exist through Him. Works that 2. Does natural man have the will to will or man’s natural will concerning: (Continued on page 3) save himself?

Being Lutheran for this Moment

Lutheran (L) or Not Lutheran (NL) – and why?

_____1. Gus is a member of St. James Lu- theran Church. The Holy Spirit works faith in Gus with every sermon preached in Gus’ ear, each time Gus receives the Lord’s Body and Blood, and during His Thursday afternoon men’s Bible Class. When Gus was asked to serve on the Board of Elders, he agreed. Gus agreed to serve because of the faith worked in him by the Holy Spirit. Because of the Holy Spirit working faith in Gus, Gus’ service on the Board of elders was be- cause of His love for God as the new man in Christ. (Galatians 3:2-6)

Lutheran for this Moment _____2. Suzanne was very troubled. She would lay awake at night wondering _____4. Peter is an LCMS member. Let’s Review where God wanted her to go to college. He is very good with the youth. Pe- She prayed that God’s will would be re- ter also enjoys the work projects at What do the following passages say vealed to her. Suzanne was not going to church; cleaning the yard and paint- about human traditions, free will, and go to college until she knew where God ing the church, and doing general salvation through Jesus Christ alone? wanted her to go. As the time drew near maintenance. Some of the men to decide, she couldn't understand why were talking about Peter the other • Matthew 15:3 God was not giving her a sign. Without day, and Jack said, “If anyone de- • Matthew 15:10-11 knowing God’s will for which college to serves to go to heaven, it sure is • Romans 14:17 attend, Suzanne concluded that God did Peter! He’s great for the church!” not want her to go to college. • Colossians 2:16-21 • Acts 15:10-11

_____5. Pat and Lois are members of _____3. Achnar is a medical doctor. He is Trinity Lutheran Church. On Friday, not a Christian. He says he doesn't real- a couple weeks before Easter, they ly believe in anything. The other day, decided to go to McDonalds for when Achnar was driving home from lunch. When Pat ordered a fish work, there was a car accident right in sandwich, Lois said, “Why are you front of him. Because Achnar was not a having that?” Pat said, “Well, during Christian, he was not capable or able to the season of Lent, I’ve decided not offer any assistance. Because Achnar to eat meat. Lois said, “Lutherans had no free will, he simply drove home don’t do that!” Lois said, “I know I and had dinner with his family. don’t have to, and I certainly don’t

think it will forgive my sins. I’m just

doing it during Lent to think about Jesus dying on the cross for me.”

The whole topic of “Free Will” can be complicated. In 1525, Luther’s book The Bondage of the Will was published. This was Luther’s response to Eras- mus. If you would like to dig deeper into this whole issue of the will of God and man, this would be an excellent resource. You can get it at CPH. I Peter 1:3-5 are willing to worship an idol, to commit murder, and so …The Gospel compels us to insist on the doctrine of forth I call evil. grace and the righteousness of faith in the churches. This cannot be understood if people think that they merit Our churches condemn the Pelagians and others who grace by observances of their own choice. teach that without the Holy Spirit, by natural power alone, we are able to love God above all things and do So our churches have taught that we cannot merit God’s commandments according to the letter. Although grace or be justified by observing human traditions. We nature is able in a certain way to do the outward work must not think that such observances are necessary acts (for it is able to keep the hands from theft and murder), of worship… yet it cannot produce the inward motions, such as the fear of God, trust in God, chastity, patience, and so on. …Nevertheless, we keep many traditions that are lead- ing to good order (I Cor. 14:40) in the church, such as the order of Scripture lessons in the Mass and the chief holy Article 26 days… Not only the people, but also those teaching in the churches, have generally been persuaded to believe in making distinctions between meats, and similar human traditions. They believe these are useful works for merit- ing grace and are able to make satisfaction for sins. From this there developed the view that new ceremonies, new orders, new holy days, and new fastings were instituted daily. Teachers in the Church required these works as a necessary service to merit grace. They greatly terrified people’s consciences when they left any of these things out. Because of this viewpoint, the Church has suffered great damage.

First, the chief part of the Gospel – the doctrine of grace and of the righteousness of faith – has been ob- scured by this view. The Gospel should stand out as the most prominent teaching in the Church, in order that Christ’s merit may be well known and faith, which believe that sins are forgiven for Christ’s sake, be exalted far above works…

…Second, these traditions have hindered God’s com- mandments, because traditions were placed far above God’s commandments. Christianity was thought to stand wholly on the observance of certain holy days, rites, fasts, and vestments. These observances won the exalted title of “spiritual life” and the “perfect life.” Meanwhile, God’s commandments, according to each one’s vocation, or call- ing, were without honor. These works include a father raising his children, a mother bearing children, a prince governing the commonwealth – these were considered to be worldly and thus imperfect works, far below the glit- tering observances of the Church. This error greatly tor- mented people with devout consciences. They grieved that they were held in an imperfect state of life, as in mar- riage, in the office of ruler, or in other civil services. They admired the monks and others like them. They falsely thought that these people’s observances were more ac- ceptable to God.

Third, traditions brought great danger to consciences. It was impossible to keep all traditions, and yet people considered these observances to be necessary acts of worship...

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Being Lutheran for this Moment AUGSBURG CONFESSION WEEK 11 Being Lutheran For this Moment Article 28…...Church Authority

OPENING PRAYER

Almighty and gracious God, the Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, You have commanded us to pray that You would send forth laborers into Your harvest. Of Your infinite mercy give us true teachers and minsters of Your Word who truly fulfill Your command and preach nothing con- trary to Your holy Word. Grant that we, being warned, instructed, nurtured, comforted, and strengthened by Your holy Word, may do those things which are well pleasing to You and profitable for our salvation; through Jesus Christ, our Lord. Amen. Luther at the Diet of Worms 1521 Getting Started… Where does your pastor have authority and where does he not? (1.) Preaching God’s Word, (2.) Giving out traffic tickets in the church parking lot, (3.) Jailing catechism students for not doing their memory work, (4.) Hearing someone’s private confession and absolving him, (5.) Giving the Lord’s Supper to God’s people on Sunday morning and to the shut-ins during the week, (6.) To be the sole voice in the choice of carpet color for the fellowship hall, (7.) Baptizing children and adults, (8.) Entering the state senate and demanding they obey him because he’s a man of God, (9.) Asking a long-time impenitent sinner to refrain from the Lord’s Supper, (10.) Threating God’s people with God’s wrath if they don’t let him chant the liturgy, (11.) Teach Bible Class, (12.) Pray for his people.

Read… Church or State? Article XXVIII (28) • In the passages below, is God _____ 9. John 20:22-23 Church Authority describing the Church (C) or the State (S)? There has been great controversy _____ 10. I Corinthians 11:23-26 about the power of the , in • How does each passages describe which some have terribly confused the work and responsibility of the power of the Church with the either the Church or State? In the above Scripture passages: power of the state. This confusion 1. When do pastors and bishops (dis- has produced great war and riot. All _____ 1. Psalm 45:1-5 trict presidents) have the right and the while the popes, claiming the authority to declare war on anoth- Power of the Keys, have instituted er nation, punish people for their new services and burdened con- _____ 2. Psalm 2:10-11 civic crimes, or charge taxes from sciences with Church discipline and the people? excommunication. But they have 2. When do kings, presidents, and also tried to transfer the kingdoms of _____ 3. Romans 13:1-7 earthly rulers have the right and this world to the Church by taking authority to forgive sin, retain the the empire away from the emperor. forgiveness of sin, baptize people, Learned and godly people have con- _____ 4. Matthew 22:15-21 and serve the Body and Blood of demned these errors in the Church Christ? for a long time. Therefore, our teachers, in order to comfort peo- _____ 5. I Peter 2:13-17 ple’s consciences, were constrained Digging deeper into Article 28 to show the difference between the authority of the Church and the au- _____ 6. Acts 2:42 Yes or No? thority of the state. They taught that both of them are to be held in rever- _____1. In the LCMS, district presidents ence and honor, as God’s chief bless- _____ 7. II Timothy 4:1-2 (bishops) are “terribly confused ings on earth, because they have [about] the power of the Church with God’s command. the power of the State. District Presi- _____ 8. Matthew 28:19-20 dents often try to override the power (Continued on page 3) and authority of state governors.

_____2. The office and power of the keys belongs to the Pope in the Roman Church and the Synod President in the LCMS to which they have the power and The devil always authority to discipline and excommuni- wants to cook and cate in the Church. brew these two _____3. Both the “Church” and the “State” kingdoms into one are gifts from God to which God intends them to be revered and honored by all mess. people. - Luther _____4. Rather than wielding punishment for civic crimes, the church uses the of- fice of the keys to preach the Gospel, forgive sin, retain the forgiveness of sins, and administer the Sacraments.

_____5. While the Church acts out mercy on all people, caring for the needs of the Lutheran for this Moment body, the Church is also (and especially) What does Luther say? consoling afflicted consciences by absolu- concerned about caring for the soul. tion, and excommunicating the impenitent, Discuss the modern-day implications of without inflicting corporal punishment. But _____6. Pastors and district presidents Luther’s words: the political power bears the sword, because have the right to demand certain tradi- it is an administration, which handles the tions in the Church, regardless if the “In chapter 13 [of Romans, St. Paul] guilty by laws and honest judgments and Pastor or District President deem these teaches honor and obedience to worldly corporal punishments. The former is with- traditions as meriting salvation or not. government. Although worldly govern- out external power; the latter has the power ment does not make people righteous of capital punishment” (, W-T 4, before God, nevertheless it is instituted in No. 4635). _____7. It is good to maintain church or- order to accomplish at least this much, dinances, rites and customs throughout that the good may have outward peace the Lutheran Church for the sake of love and protection and the bad may not be and tranquility, as long as it is not free to do evil in peace and quietness, and taught that salvation is obtained without fear. Therefore the good too are through these ordinances, rites, and to honor it even though they themselves customs. do not need it. Finally, he comprehends it all in love, and sums it up in the example _____8. To fix all the problems in the of Christ: as he has done for us, we are also to do, following in his footsteps” (AE LCMS, all oversight should be taken 25:379). away from pastors and district presi- dents. Congregations should have the “To be able clearly to distinguish be- right to believe and practice what they tween these two kingdoms is a great art, want by majority rule. for few people make the proper distinc- tion. This is what commonly happens: Scenario the temporal lords want to rule the church, and conversely, the theologians Your pastor has become a political activist want to play the lord in the town hall. lately. He’s lately jointed one of the politi- Under the papacy mixing the two was cal parties, contributes money toward it, considered ruling well, and it is still so and attends a number of its rallies and considered. But in reality this is ruling conventions. Your congregation is in a very badly. When bishops were still pi- town of less than 500 people. Your pastor ous, they observed the distinction well, comes to the Elder’s meeting and says he is too, care of the churches, and let the em- considering running for town mayor. peror do his ruling” (Christmas Day

Sermon 1531). 1. How do you begin to think this through? “The difference between ecclesiastical 2. What Scripture passages will be ex- and political power is to be well ob- amined? served. For the power of the church con- 3. What words of the Confessions would sists in preaching the Word of God, be useful? I Peter 1:3-5 Being Lutheran for this Moment Our teachers’ position is this: the authority of the Keys …What, then, are we to thing of the Sunday rites, and (Matthew 16:19), or the authority of the bishops - accord- similar things, in God’s house? We answer that it is lawful ing to the Gospel – is a power or commandment of God, to for bishops, or pastor, to make ordinances so that things preach the Gospel, to forgive and retain sins, and to ad- will be done orderly in the Church, but not to teach that minister Sacraments. Christ sends out His apostles with we merit grace or make satisfaction for sins. Consciences this command, “As the father has sent Me, even so I am are not bound to regard them as necessary services and sending you…Receive the Holy Spirit. If you forgive the to think that it is a sin to break them without offence to sins of anyone, they are forgiven; if you withhold for- others… giveness from anyone, it is withheld” (John 20:2-22). And in Mark 16:15, Christ says, “Go…proclaim the Gospel …It is proper that the churches keep such ordinances to the whole creation.” for the sake of love and tranquility, to avoid giving offense to another, so that all things be done in the churches in This authority is exercised only by teaching or preach- order, and without confusion (I Corinthians 14:40; comp. ing the Gospel and administering the Sacraments, either Philippians 2:14). It is proper to keep such ordinances to many or to individuals, according to their calling. In just so long as consciences are not burdened to think that this way are given not only bodily, but also eternal things: they are necessary to salvation, or to regard it as sin if Eternal righteousness, the Holy Spirit, and eternal life. they are changed without offending others… These things cannot reach us except by the ministry of the Word and the Sacraments, as Paul says, “The Gos- … In I Peter 5:3, Peter forbids bishops to be lords and pel…is the power of God for salvation to everyone that rule over the churches. It is not our intention to take believes” (Romans 1:16). Therefore, the Church has the oversight away from the bishops. We ask only this one authority to grant eternal things and exercises this au- thing, that they allow the Gospel to be taught purely, and thority only by the ministry of the Word. So it does not that they relax a few observances that they claim it is sin- interfere with civil government anymore than the art of ful to change. If they will not give anything up, it is for singing interferes with civil government. For civil gov- them to decide how they will give an account to God for ernment deals with other things than the Gospel does. causing schism by their stubbornness… Civil rulers do not defend minds, but bodies and bodily things against obvious injury. They restrain people with the sword and physical punishment in order to preserve civil justice and peace (Romans 13:1-7).

Therefore, the Church’s authority and the State’s au- thority must not be confused. The Church’s authority has its own commission to teach the Gospel and to administer the Sacraments (Matthew 28:19-20). Let it not break into the office of another. Let it not transfer the kingdoms of this world to itself. Let it not abolish the laws of civil rul- ers. Let it not abolish lawful obedience. Let it not inter- fere with judgments about civil ordinances or contracts. Let it not dictate laws to civil authorities about the form of society. As Christ says, “My kingdom is not of this world” (John 18:36). Also, “Who made Me a judge or ar- bitrator over you? (Luke 12:14). Paul also says, “Our citi- zenship is in heaven” (Philippians 3:20). And, “The weapons of our warfare are not of the flesh but have di- vine power to destroy strongholds” (II Corinthians 10:4).

This is how our teachers distinguish between the du- ties of these two authorities. They command that both be honored and acknowledged as God’s gifts and blessings.

If bishops have any authority of the State, this is not because they are bishops. In other words, it is not by the Gospel’s commission. It is an authority they have re- ceived from kings and emperors for the purpose of ad- ministering the civil affairs of what belongs to them in society. This is another office, not the ministry of the Gospel…

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AUGSBURG CONFESSION WEEK 12 Being Lutheran For this Moment Article 16…..Civil Government

OPENING PRAYER

Almighty God, You have given us this good land as our heritage. Grant that we remember Your generosity and constantly do Your will. Bless our land with hon- est industry, truthful education, and an honorable way of life. Save us from vio- lence, discord, and confusion, from pride and arrogance, and from every evil course of action. Grant that we, who came from many nations with many different languages, may become a united people. Support us in defending our liberties, and give those to whom we have entrusted the authority of government the spirit of wisdom, that there may be justice and peace in our land. When times are prosper- ous, may our hearts be thankful, and in troubled times do not let our trust in You fail. Through Jesus Christ, our Lord. Amen.

Getting Started… On February 15, 2012, LCMS President Harrison spoke (in part) to a US Congressional House Committee in response the Health Care HHS laws, “Increasingly we are suffering overzealous government intrusions into what is the realm of traditional and biblical Christian conscience. We believe this is a violation of our First Amendment rights. We will stand, to the best of our ability, with all religious and other concerned citizens, against this erosion of our civil liberty. Come what may, we shall do everything we can, by God’s grace, to “obey God rather than men” (Acts 5:29).” What do you think of Lutherans responding to our government on issues such as this? Do Lutherans violate “Church and State” when speaking contrary to the government?

Read… sary for Christians to be obedient to 6. What does it mean that the gov- Article XVI (16) Civil Government their rulers and laws. The only excep- ernment may use the sword? (Gen. tion is when they are commanded to 9:6). Our churches teach that lawful sin. Then they ought to obey God ra- 7. How is the government God’s serv- civil regulations are good works of ther than men (Acts 5:29). ant? God. They teach that it is right for 8. What is one way in which God may Christians to hold political office, to be an avenger in relation to this serve as judges, to judge matters by week’s topic according to I Thess. Imperial laws and other existing 4:6? laws, to impose just punishments, to 9. Is God pro or con taxes? Is God in engage in just war, to serve as sol- favor of tax corruption? (See II diers, to make legal contracts, to A Deeper Look at Romans 13 Chron. 19:6-7). How do fair and hold property, to take oaths when right taxes benefit society? requires by the magistrates, for a Read Romans 13:1-7. man to marry a wife, or a woman to be given in marriage (Rom. 13; I Cor. 1. Is God pro or con government? 7:2). How does Romans 13:1 address God’s Kingdoms this question? (Read also Titus Our churches condemn the Ana- 3:1). 1. What is God’s Kingdom of Power? baptists who forbid these offices to 2. Is obeying the government break- (Ps. 103:19) Christians. They also condemn those ing the First Commandment? 2. What is God’s Kingdom of Grace? who do not locate evangelical perfec- 3. Are Christians commanded to obey (Jn. 3:5) tion in the fear of God and in faith, the government at all times? (Read 3. What is God’s Kingdom of Glory? but place it in forsaking political of- Acts 5:29). What may Christians (II Tim. 4:18) fices. For the Gospel teaches an experience when resisting the gov- eternal righteousness of the heart ernment? (Acts 5:40-41). 4. What kind of kingdom is God’s (Rom. 10:10). At the same time, it 4. How can Jesus say “To resist the kingdom of grace and glory accord- does not require the destruction of authorities is to resist God?” (Read ing to John 18:36? the civil state or the family. The Daniel 2:21). Gospel very much requires that they 5. What is the purpose of government 5. How does the Christian fit into be preserved as God’s ordinances to those who do bad? Good? each of the “Kingdoms” of God? and that love be practiced in such ordinances. Therefore, it is neces- Being Lutheran for this Moment

True or False

Read each of the statements below. What is our Confession? What do be- lieve?

_____1. God approves of good govern- ment laws for the good of His people.

_____2. Christians can hold a political office? What would be the bene- fit of this?

_____3. Lutherans are against war of any kind.

_____4. Lutherans can serve in the mili- Lutheran for this Moment tary. To this end, the LCMS has a strong reputable military chap- The Church Speaks Direct and Intentional Influence laincy ministry. The Synod, at various times, has consid- From pp. 73ff in “Render Unto Caesar” Com- ered it appropriate or even necessary to mission on Theology and Church Relations, speak intentionally (though indirectly) _____5. Lutherans believe Christians have how would you evaluate the following ap- the right to own property. regarding specific social issues, despite the proaches of Lutherans speaking out in the ambiguity and risks involved in such civic sphere? speaking. Obviously, even greater risks

_____6. Lutherans believe it is wrong to are involved when the church speaks not Indirect and Unintentional Influence take an oath in court to swear to only intentionally but also directly to the The first means, by which the church tell the whole truth. state—when the church aligns itself pub- speaks to and influences the state licly with a specific social or political posi- indirectly and unintentionally, has pre- tion or strategy or when it speaks directly _____7. Lutherans believe all people have dominated in the Missouri Synod to the state regarding matters that, proper- the right to marry. LCMS Luther- because of its congeniality to the two- ly speaking, are the responsibility not of ans also believe marriage is be- kingdom model of Lutheran theology. the church but of the state. Such risks not- tween one man and one woman. It involves simply preaching and teach- withstanding, the Synod has chosen to ing the Word of God and trusting engage in this type of speaking on a limited the Holy Spirit to work through that _____8. Lutherans believe the real pur- number of occasions regarding issues that Word to shape the lives and characters pose of the Gospel is to liberate it deemed to be of critical importance for of individual Christians who will, in people from oppressive govern- the church’s life and work, its witness, or turn, have a transforming affect its own moral responsibility (as church) to ments. upon the society in which they live. seek and promote the welfare of the state

and its citizens. _____9. Lutherans are pro state and pro Indirect and Intentional Influence

family. Whenever and wherever the church Direct and Intentional Action faithfully carries out its God-given duty The Lutheran Church—Missouri Synod has of proclaiming the Gospel and adminis- _____10. When forced to make a decision, rarely, if ever, ventured into the arena of tering the sacraments, it will also indi- Lutherans obey God rather than taking “direct and intentional action” with the rectly and unintentionally influence the men. explicit goal of changing or effecting policy society in which its members live, work, in the civil sphere. The reasons for this are and interact with others. At the same precisely those mentioned earlier: not only time, societal issues and situations will does such action have great potential for inevitably arise concerning which the dividing, politicizing, and even corrupting the church will feel the need to influence its church, it also runs the risk of compromising members intentionally—though with- and undermining the unique and primary out necessarily presuming to speak for mission of the church as defined by Scripture, them and without the church in conven- and thus compromising and undermining the tion taking a partisan stand. The goal Gospel itself. Nevertheless, the Synod has at here, in Benne’s words, is “to form the times taken specific actions of “direct and conscience of its own people regarding intentional influence.” public issues” by bringing God’s Word

to bear upon issues of vital importance to Christians, to the church, and to soci- ety itself. I Peter 1:3-5

Lutheran for this Moment Final Thoughts…

1. What is your overall reaction to this Augsburg Confession Study?

2. What are some key points you remember from this study?

3. What is one topic from this study that you would like to explore further?

4. How do you see this study being beneficial in preparing delegates for the District Convention?

5. So… How would you answer the question, “What does it mean to be Lutheran for this Moment?”

I Peter 1:3-5