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The Protestant Reformation • a Period of Time in Europe When People Wanted Changes in the Catholic Church • Beginning As The Protestant Reformation A period of time in Europe when people wanted changes in the Catholic Church Beginning as early as the 1100s, but officially began in the 1500's thanks to Martin Luther Will lead to changes within the Catholic Church as well as many European Nations and its leaders Without the Gutenberg Printing Press, none of this would have been possible (the first copy machine basically) Printing Press Video Questions 1. When was the printing press invented? 2. What affect did the printing press have on human culture? 3. What were some of the troubles with printing presses? 4. How many pages could be printed in one hour? 5. Where do the names “uppercase” and “lowercase” come from? Why change the church? The Catholic Church dominated Europe in the 1500s Most of the Church and powerful clergy (religious leaders) had become corrupt People did not like to see the moral decline of the church The people had a strong desire to revolutionize Setting the Stage Video Questions 1. What does “catholic” mean? 2. Who is the head of the Catholic church? 3. Where do we get the term “holidays” from? 4. Who was the Pope in 1517? 5. Indulgences could get you time off from where? Why didn't they care earlier than the 1500s? This corruption had been going on since the Middle Ages....Why care now?? As the Renaissance progressed, more and more people gained access to education Thus, they could read and educate themselves As they read the bible, they realized the clergy were no longer acting as religious leaders, but more as politicians This resulted in the Protestant Reformation The Poor of Lyons In 1176, a merchant named Peter Waldo living in Lyon, France questioned the Catholic Church He sold his belongings and began to dedicate his life to the gospel and his followers called themselves the Poor of Lyons. In the 1100's, it was illegal for someone to preach who was not from the Catholic Church Peter and his followers were excommunicated and they formed a new church called the Waldensian Church. The Waldensians It was illegal for the Waldensians to form a church of their own outside of the Catholic Church They were persecuted and burned at the stake by the Catholic Church in the 1200s for heresy However, this did not discourage the Waldensians from keeping their church Martin Luther Many years later, the reformation continued by the efforts of a German monk named Martin Luther Martin Luther devoted his life to God despite his parents’ wishes for him to become a lawyer He dedicated his life to studying the bible The more he studied, the more he felt the Catholic Church had gone astray 95 Theses He wrote down 95 points about the Catholic Church he felt were wrong o He nailed these to the door of the Catholic Church in Wittenberg, Germany. These 95 points were copied and sent all throughout Germany thanks to the printing press The Catholic Church lost money on indulgences – money which people paid to be forgiven for their sins o This was just 1 of the 95 points Martin Luther felt was corrupt The Catholic Church Fights Back The Diet of Worms (pronounced dee-it) o As the sale of indulgences declined, Pope Leo X grew upset and sent clergy to get Martin Luther to recant his feelings about the church . Martin Luther refused to do so o The Catholic Church claimed Martin Luther a heretic, a crime punishable by death. Luther escaped and went into hiding, where he began translating the bible into German and printed to give to German followers. Inspired by the Waldensians, Martin Luther founded a new religion known as Lutheranism. John Calvin and Calvinism In the mid-1500s, another religious leader by the name of John Calvin wanted to set up a theocracy(government ran by the church) By 1541, he set up a theocracy in Geneva, Switzerland and was very strict about attending church and other everyday rules of the people. Wrote a book called “The Institutes of The Christian Religion” o Believed mankind could not control or change anything about life on earth o Believed everything was controlled by God -past, present, and the future- and called this Predestination . Some are destined for heaven while others are destined for hell and you cannot change your destiny Put many people to death for not following the rules or acting “too Catholic” Church of England Remember, King Henry VIII started a church known as the Church of England all because he wanted a divorce! o Well, I told you this would play an important role later on… If you are a non-catholic, you are considered a Protestant When King Edward IV dies and Mary takes power, she also restores Catholicism to England o Remember, she killed many Protestant followers and became known as 'Bloody Mary' Queen Elizabeth, who was a protestant, restored the Church of England Thus, the Catholic Church and Protestant religion were now able to live in somewhat harmony. Henry and the Church Video Questions: 1. Review: When Henry VIII was married to Catherine of Aragon, who did he want to marry? 2. Where did Henry VIII get his idea for the Church of England? 3. Besides power and wealth, what else did the Church have? 4. What was printed for the first time during the Reformation? Council of Trent The Catholic Church realized it needed to resolve the problems of its clergy The Catholic Church resolved some of their issues with the meetings of the Council of Trent between the years 1545 and 1563 o Established the nature of Christian doctrines o No longer were clergy to act like government and take money from citizens to guarantee they go to heaven The divide between the Catholic Church and Protestants began to cease The Council of Trent Video Questions: 1. What does the Council of Trent NOT do away with? 2. What does the Council declare the points of the Reformation? Does this sound good or bad? .
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