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The Legislature and Socio-Economic Development

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The Legislature and Socio-Economic Development i LEGISLATIVE OVERSIGHT AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN BENUE STATE. JACOB IBA OMENKA B.A; M.P.A. (A.B.U) PGSS/UJ/11068/99 A Thesis in the DEPARTMENT OF POLITICAL SCIENCE, Faculty of Social Sciences Submitted to the School of Post-Graduate Studies, University of Jos, in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Award of the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in POLITICAL ECONOMY AND DEVELOPMENT STUDIES of the UNIVERSITY OF JOS. JANUARY, 2008. ii DECLARATION I hereby declare that this work is the product of my own research efforts; undertaken under the supervision of Professor Mvendaga Jibo and has not been presented elsewhere for the award of a degree or certificate. All sources have been duly distinguished and appropriately acknowledged. _______________________________ JACOB IBA OMENKA PGSS/UJ/11068/99 iii CERTIFICATION This is to certify that the research work for this thesis and the subsequent preparation of this thesis by Jacob Iba Omenka (PGSS/U/11068/99) were carried out under my supervision. ___________________ Professor M. Jibo Thesis Supervisor ____________________ Professor V. Adetula Head of Department iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Special thanks are due to my supervisor, Professor Mvendaga Jibo, for his guidance, expertise and forbearance. I must confess, his comments, observations and critiques of my various submissions helped to improve this work in countless ways. I want to acknowledge here how much I have enjoyed my interaction with all the people he recommended to me to interview. My visit to the National Assembly, Abuja and Professor J. A. A. Ayoade’s Centre for Legislative Studies, Ibadan were particularly very rewarding. True, the benefits and pleasures, which his skillful handling of this work has generally brought to me, cannot be quantified. Once more, a million thanks for the patience with which he bore my incessant pestering and for the time and trouble expended. My profound gratitude goes to Mrs. Dooshima Jibo, the amiable wife of my supervisor, for her encouragement and assistance. I must confess that this woman of great peace and remarkable understanding has helped me in many ways and I pray God to reward her abundantly. Thanks to my guardians and benefactors, Late Chief Ason Bur, Professors Oga Ajene and Akase Paul Sorkaa, for their help, and for always being there for me. Also, to Professor Tony Edoh, Dr. Adagba Okpaga and Simeon Ajegi, for their adopted roles. I am indebted to my dear friend and brother, Dr. Audu, N. Gambo, of the Department of Political Science, University of Jos, for his over whelming assistance and for being such a big influence. I am also very grateful to all v the members of staff of the Dept. of Political Science, University of Jos, particularly, the Head of Department, Professor V. Adetula, Dr. Dung Pam Sha, and Dr. S. G. Best, for their individual and collective contributions to the success of this work. Dr. Pam Sha’s painstaking corrections and recommendations have improved the quality of this work in several ways. A million thanks to Bar. and Mrs. Enoch Ibu Otor, Mrs. Ochule Ochim, Emma Oibe, Dave Onah, Joy Ugba, Dr. Matthias Alagi and other numerous friends in Jos for being by my side through out. For their friendship and their expertise and for offering me both, I am grateful to my research assistants: Mike Eimujeze, who made my tasks in Lagos and Ibadan an easy one; Mr. Moses Ondaki, who covered Nasarawa state; and Mrs. Janet Gar, Hon. Timothy Idyu and Obande Gowon who traveled the length and breadth of Benue State with me. I wish to recognize the assistance of Mr. And Mrs. Eimujeze, Professor A. Gboyega and especially Professor J.A.A. Ayoade who allowed me an unhindered access to his Center for Legislative Studies at Ibadan. Not to be left out are Precious Onyinyechi Asika , Aleje Reuben and Antonia Itodo who at various times carried out the typing of this work. Thanks to Professor G. N. Hembe, Egbe Oga, Dr. Idu Ode, James Apam, Simon Yaapera, Chief John Enyi, Elube Ogbaji, Ode Ochelle, Mrs. P. A. Akpa, Dr.(Mrs) Member Genyi, and most especially my ‘little sister’ Ugwoji Adejo-Ogiri, for their concern and taunting: “why? Is this programme not ending?” Thank God. “It has come to an end”. vi I must commend my elder brother, Andrew Omenka and Dr. Sylvester Aboho for constantly reminding me that: “a Ph.D Programme is simply a test of patience and perseverance”. They are never wrong. At least, not with the “white strands” all over my head, as testimony. A million thanks to my elder cousin and confidant, Dr. Isaac Akwuma Egboja, for teaching me the virtues of determination, hard work, self- discipline and scholarship. And to his wife Dr (Mrs.) Joyce Egboja, who exemplified what a wife, should be. My esteem gratitude goes to my wife and children; Benny, Ijogo, Ikoni, Ugah and Obahi, for their willingness to put up with my frequent bouts of depression, ill-temper or sheer absent-mindedness while I was writing this work. Benny’s compassionate critiques and contributions are particularly note worthy. Very special thanks to God, for the enduring strength – the knowledge – and the motivating force. vii DEDICATION To Benny, For the love, For the support, For the understanding, For being, a doting mother and a great wife. viii TABLE OF CONTENTS TITLE PAGE----------------------------------------------------------------------- i DECLARATION ------------------------------------------------------------------ ii CERTIFICATION ---------------------------------------------------------------- iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ------------------------------------------------------- iv DEDICATION -------------------------------------------------------------------- vii TABLE OF CONTENTS: ---------------------------------------------------- viii LIST OF TABLES: --------------------------------------------------------------- xii LIST OF FIGURES--------------------------------------------------------------- xiv LIST OF APPENDICES--------------------------------------------------------- xv ABSTRACT------------------------------------------------------------------------ xvi CHAPTER ONE: GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1.1 INTRODUCTION: ----------------------------------------------------- 1 1.2 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY ----------------------------------- 6 1.3 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM -------------------------- 8 1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS -------------------------------------------- 14 1.5 RESEARCH OBJECTIVES ----------------------------------- 14 1.6 JUSTIFICATION OF THE STUDY -------------------------- 15 1.7 SCOPE OF THE STUDY -------------------------------------------- 17 1.8 METHODOLOGY OF THE STUDY--------------------------------- 18 1.8.1 Problems of Data Collection------------------------------------------- 20 CHAPTER TWO REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK 2.1 DEVELOPMENT IN PERSPECTIVE------------------------------- 22 2.2 DEFINING THE LEGISLATURE: ACTIVITIES AND EXPECTATIONS ------------------------------------------- 26 ix 2.3 LEGISLATIVE ACTIVITIES ---------------------------------- 32 2.4 REPRESENTATIVE GOVERNANCE ----------------------------- 40 2.5 LEGISLATIVE STRUCTURES AND POWERS ---------------- 46 2.6 SOURCES AND PROCESS OF LAW-MAKING ---------------- 51 2.7 HOUSE COMMITTEES: THEIR FUNCTIONS AND PROCEDURES------------------------------------------------- 55 2.8 THE LEGISLATURE AND POLITICAL PARTIES-------------- 65 2.9 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK ------------------------------------ 70 CHAPTER THREE A BROAD PERSPECTIVE ON BENUE STATE 3.1 BACKGROUND DETAILS – THE BENUE PEOPLE, THEIR POSITION AND SOCIAL SETTING--------------------- 80 3.2 SOCIAL SETTING --------------------------------------------------- 83 3.3 GENERAL SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN BENUE STATE: AN ASSESSMENT----------------------- 87 3.4 NATURAL ENDOWMENT/INDUSTRIAL POTENTIALS OF BENUE STATE ---------------------------------------------------- 90 3.5 THE STATE 0F BASIC INFRASTRUCTURAL DEVELOPMENT IN BENUE STATE------------------------------ 98 3.6 POLITICAL HISTORY OF BENUE STATE --------------------- 101 3.6.1 Tarka’s Role in the Struggle for a Middle Belt State.------------------------------------------------------- 104 3.6.2 Attitude of the Other (Non-Tiv) Ethnic Groups to the Struggle----------------------------------------------- 106 3.7 INDIGENOUS LEGISLATIVE PROCESS IN BENUE STATE---------------------------------------------------------- 110 x CHAPTER FOUR THE ROLE OF THE SECOND REPUBLIC LEGISLATURE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF BENUE STATE. 4.1 THE ROLE OF THE LEGISLATURE IN THE SECOND REPUBLIC (1979-83) IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF BENUE STATE---------------------------------------------------- 114 4.1.1 Composition of the Benue State House of Assembly between 1979-1983 -------------------------------------------------- 115 4.1.2 Composition of the Second Benue State House of Assembly (Oct. 1983-Dec. 1983)----------------------------------- 125 CHAPTER FIVE THE THIRD REPUBLIC LEGISLATURE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF BENUE STATE. 5.1 COMPOSITION OF THE THIRD REPUBLIC ASSEMBLY-- 128 5.2 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE EXECUTIVE AND THE THIRD REPUBLIC LEGISLATURE IN BENUE STATE.---- 131 CHAPTER SIX AN EVALUATION OF THE FOURTH REPUBLIC LEGISLATURE’S CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF BENUE STATE. 6.1 A BRIEF HISTORICAL APPRAISAL OF THE TRANSITION TO CIVIL RULE IN 1999. ------------------------------------------- 138 6.3 A CRITICAL APPRAISAL OF THE ROLE OF THE FOURTH REPUBLICAN ASSEMBLY OF THE BENUE STATE LEGISLATURE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE STATE.- 140 xi CHAPTER SEVEN SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND ECOMMENDATIONS. 7.1 SUMMARY---------------------------------------------------------------
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