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Fundada En 2001, Historia Del Presente Es Una Revista Semestral Especializada Dedicada Al Corto Siglo XX De La Historia De España

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Fundada En 2001, Historia Del Presente Es Una Revista Semestral Especializada Dedicada Al Corto Siglo XX De La Historia De España Fundada en 2001, Historia del presente es una revista semestral especializada dedicada al corto siglo XX de la Historia de España. Asimismo, presta atención a la historia de otros países europeos y americanos desde una perspectiva internacional y comparada. Equipo editorial Director: Abdón Mateos (UNED/CIHDE) Secretaria de redacción: Manuela Aroca (Fundación Francisco Largo Caballero) Consejo de Redacción: Juan Avilés (UNED); Montserrat Duch (U. Rovira i Virgili); Ángeles González (U. Sevilla); Abdón Mateos (UNED/CIHDE); Javier Muñoz Soro (U. Complutense/CIHDE); Gutmaro Gómez Bravo (U. Complutense); Ismael Saz (U. Valencia); Rosa Pardo (UNED); Ricardo Martín de la Guardia (U. Valladolid); Álvaro Soto (U. Autónoma de Madrid/CIHDE). Consejo internacional: Alfonso Botti (U. Modena); Antonio Cazorla, (U. Trent); Giuliana di Febo, (U. Roma III); Carlos Huneeus, (U. Chile); Manuel Loff (U.Oporto); Xosé M. Núñez Seixas, (U. L.M. Munich;) Liliana da Orden, (U. Nacional de Mar del Plata;) Paul Preston, (London School od Economics); Ranaan Rein (U. Tel Aviv;) Neal Rosendorf (U. Southern California); Henry Rousso, (CNRS-IHTP); Agustín Sánchez Andrés, (Universidad Michoacana); César Tcach (Universidad Nacional de Córdoba) Comité asesor: (2013-2014): Enrique Moradiellos (U. Extremadura); Rubén Vega (U. Oviedo); Ángel Bahamonde (U. Carlos III); Rafael Quirosa (U. Almeria); Aurora Bosch (U. Valencia); Julián Casanova (U. Zaragoza); Ángel Castro (UNED Melilla); Francisco J. Caspistegui (U. Navarra); José Luis de la Granja (U. País Vasco); Jesús de Juana (U. Vigo); Encarna Lemus (U. Huelva); José María Marín (UNED/CIHDE); Carmen Molinero (UAB); Conxita Mir (U. Lleida); Feliciano Montero (U. Alcalá); Mary Nash (U. Barcelona); Carlos Navajas (U. Rioja); Manuel Ortiz (U. Castilla la Mancha); Glicerio Sánchez (U. Alicante) Hipólito de la Torre (UNED); Luis E. Otero (U. Complutense); Lola de la Calle (U. Salamanca); Julio Pérez Serrano (U. Cádiz); Carmen González (U. Murcia) Asistentes Secretaría: Luis Hernando (UNED/CIHDE) y Emanuele Treglia (LUISS/CIHDE) Editan: Asociación de Historiadores del Presente y Editorial Eneida www.editorialeneida.com www.historiadelpresente.es Colaboran: Centro de Investigaciones Históricas de la Democracia Española (CIHDE) y Departamento de Historia Contemporánea (UNED) La redacción no comparte necesariamente las opiniones de los autores Depósito Legal: M-29600-2002 ISSN: 1579-8135 Historia del Presente es indexada por: SCOPUS, HISTORICAL ABSTRACTS, LATINDEX, ULRICH, DICE, DIALNET, ISOC, JCR, ACADEMICA PREMIER Esta revista ha recibido una ayuda a la edición del Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte en 2013 revistahistoriapresente_22.indd 1 10/01/14 12:00 HISTORIA DEL PRESENTE 22/2013 Agustín Sánchez (ed): The exile and the post-revolutionary Mexico DOSSIER Introduction Jorge Alonso Ceisas, The presidency of Manuel Ávila Camacho: a view from the conservative and leftist opposition Agustín Sánchez, The construction of a new international approach and the normalization of relations between Mexico and the world José Francisco Mejía, The «avilacamachista» administration’s agenda towards the francoist Spain and the republican exile Carlos Sola, From hope to disenchantment: the Spanish exile in the Ávila Camacho’s Mexico (1940-1946) Sebastian Faber, The Spanish exiles and the Mexican institutions: between autonomy and cooptation EGOHISTORY Rafael Quirosa-Cheyrouze y Muñoz, The experience of a historian. conversantion with Octavio Ruiz-Manjón THE PAST OF THE PRESENT José Manuel Azcona and Matteo Re, Press and terrorist language: how reality was distorted in the early stages of the brigadist terrorism in Italy Rodrigo González y Ricardo Martín, The impact of the conflict Russian - Chechen in the mass media (1994-2012). MISCELLANEOUS Gaizka Fernández and Rafael Leonisio, The Basquist illusion. The convergence of PSOE and EE (1992-1994) Ximena Machado, The tensions between francoist «aperturismo» and «inmovilismo». The Grimau’s case DEBATE Gabriele Ranzato Is it possible to have a real historiographic debate about the history of the Second Republic and civil war? READING AUTHORS ABSTRACTS revistahistoriapresente_22.indd 2 10/01/14 12:00 HISTORIA DEL PRESENTE 22/2013 Agustín Sánchez Andrés (ed.), México posrevolucionario y exilio EXPEDIENTE Introducción 5 Jorge Alonso Ceisas, El sexenio de Manuel Ávila Camacho: 9 una mirada desde la oposición conservadora e izquierdista Agustín Sánchez, La construcción de un nuevo discurso exterior y la 25 normalización de las relaciones de México con el mundo, 1940-1946 José Francisco Mejía, La agenda de la administración avilacamachista hacia 41 la España franquista y el exilio republicano Carlos Sola Ayerbe, De la esperanza al desencanto: el exilio español en el 57 México de Manuel Ávila Camacho (1940-1946) Sebastiaan Faber, Los exiliados españoles y las instituciones mexicanas: 75 Entre la autonomía y la cooptación EGOHISTORIA Rafael Quirosa-Cheyrouze y Muñoz, La experiencia de un historiador. 85 Conversación con Octavio Ruiz-Manjón EL PASADO DEL PRESENTE José Manuel Azcona y Matteo Re, Prensa y lenguaje terrorista: de cómo se tergiversó la 93 realidad en los primeros tiempos del terrorismo brigadista en Italia Rodrigo González y Ricardo Martín, El impacto del conflicto ruso-checheno 107 en los medios de comunicación (1994-2012) MISCELÁNEA Gaizka Fernández y Rafael Leonisio, El espejismo vasquista. 123 La convergencia del PSE y EE (1992-1994) Ximena Machado, Las tensiones entre el «aperturismo» 139 «inmovilismo» franquistas. El caso Grimau DEBATE Gabriele Ranzato ¿Es posible un auténtico debate historiográfico sobre 151 la historia de la Segunda República y de la Guerra Civil? LECTURA 165 AUTORES 181 RESÚMENES 185 revistahistoriapresente_22.indd 3 10/01/14 12:00 Manuel Ávila Camacho revistahistoriapresente_22.indd 4 10/01/14 12:00 INTRODUCCIÓN: MÉXICO POSREVOLUCIONARIO Y EXILIO Tradicionalmente se ha identificado al exilio mismo Ávila Camacho vaciló durante un tiempo español con la etapa cardenista que marcó el en torno a la conveniencia o no de reconocer punto culminante del dilatado proceso revolu- al régimen franquista. Si ello no se produjo fue cionario mexicano. Es cierto que el apoyo mexi- debido a las fuertes presiones del ala izquierdista cano a la causa republicana durante la Guerra de la coalición posrevolucionaria, depositaria de Civil y la subsiguiente acogida de miles de refu- la herencia cardenista, y especialmente a la pro- giados españoles, una vez hubo concluido este gresiva integración de México en el mecanismo conflicto, respondieron a decisiones personales de seguridad continental creado por los Estados de Lázaro Cárdenas, inspiradas tanto por razo- Unidos, que acabó arrastrando a este país a la nes de afinidad político-ideológica, como por Segunda Guerra Mundial. Todo ello acabaría por una estrategia exterior de carácter defensivo definir la posición mexicana hacia el exilio y la vinculada al programa económico de signo na- España franquista que se traduciría finalmente en cionalista impulsado por Cárdenas. la creación del Gobierno de la República en el No es menos cierto, sin embargo, que la llega- Exilio en el salón de actos del ayuntamiento de da de una buena parte de los refugiados españo- México, en agosto de 1945, y en las gestiones rea- les y, especialmente, el proceso de asentamiento lizadas por la diplomacia mexicana ante la Asam- del exilio en este país se desarrollaron durante blea General de las Naciones Unidas para que el el mandato de su sucesor, el general Manuel Ávila nuevo organismo internacional condenara y ais- Camacho (1940-1946). En esta etapa tuvo lugar lara al régimen franquista, a fin de forzar su caída la definición de la política del México posrevo- y el restablecimiento de las instituciones republi- lucionario hacia el exilio republicano y la España canas. El análisis de la posición de México hacia el franquista –que a grandes rasgos se mantendría exilio español resulta, por tanto, indisociable de hasta la desaparición de la dictadura de Franco– la dinámica interna y externa experimentada por y se produjo la integración de los exiliados en la este país durante el sexenio de Ávila Camacho. sociedad y en la vida institucional mexicana, que La presidencia de Ávila Camacho supuso la tendría un importante impacto en una serie de definitiva estabilización del sistema político ámbitos de la vida mexicana, como el educativo, mexicano que había ido cobrando forma des- el económico o el cultural. de Carranza hasta Cárdenas. Para ello, el nuevo Ello no se produjo sin que la administración presidente tuvo que resolver antes los proble- avilacamachista experimentara una serie de vaci- mas planteados por la creciente polarización laciones en torno a la política que México debía político-ideológica de la sociedad mexicana y seguir respecto a estos refugiados y a la propia por los diferendos de México con el exterior España franquista. La posición de los distintos que caracterizaron al final de la etapa cardenista. sectores que constituían la élite política mexica- La administración avilacamachista afrontó el na distó de ser homogénea en este punto y el primero de dichos problemas mediante diversas 5 revistahistoriapresente_22.indd 5 10/01/14 12:00 acciones encaminadas a atraer a los sectores so- ralelamente, la reforma electoral hizo posible la ciales descontentos, como las clases medias y el institucionalización de los partidos de oposición empresariado. Mientras la retórica oficial vaga- de derecha y de izquierda, al tiempo que se ase- mente socialista
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