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Novichok Agent - Wikipedia
18-3-2018 Novichok agent - Wikipedia Novichok agent Novichok (Russian: Новичо́к, "newcomer") is a series of nerve agents the Soviet Union and Russia developed between 1971 and 1993.[a][2][3] Russian scientists who developed the agents claim they are the deadliest nerve agents ever made, with some variants possibly five to eight times more potent than VX,[4][5] and others up to ten times more potent than soman.[6] They were designed as part of a Soviet program codenamed "FOLIANT".[7][1] Five Novichok variants are believed to have been weaponised for military use.[8] The most versatile was A-232 (Novichok-5).[9] Novichok agents have never been used on the battlefield. Theresa May, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, said that one such agent was used in the poisoning of Sergei and Yulia Skripal in England in March 2018.[10] Russia officially denies producing or researching Novichok agents.[11] In 2013, the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons Scientific Advisory Board reported that it had insufficient information to comment on the existence or properties of Novichok agents,[12] and in 2011 it noted there was no peer reviewed paper on Novichok agents in scientific literature.[13] Contents Design objectives Disclosure Development and test sites Description of Novichok agents Chemistry Effects Use Poisoning of Kivelidi Poisoning of Sergei and Yulia Skripal See also References Further reading External links Design objectives These agents were designed to achieve four objectives:[14][15] To be undetectable using standard 1970s and 1980s NATO chemical detection equipment; To defeat NATO chemical protective gear; To be safer to handle; To circumvent the Chemical Weapons Convention list of controlled precursors, classes of chemical and physical form. -
Understanding and Measuring Morphological Complexity
OUP CORRECTED PROOF – FINAL, 5/3/2015, SPi Understanding and Measuring Morphological Complexity Edited by MATTHEW BAERMAN, DUNSTAN BROWN, AND GREVILLE G. CORBETT 1 OUP CORRECTED PROOF – FINAL, 5/3/2015, SPi 3 Great Clarendon Street, Oxford, ox2 6dp, United Kingdom Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide. Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries © editorial matter and organization Matthew Baerman, Dunstan Brown, and Greville G. Corbett 2015 © the chapters their several authors 2015 Themoralrightsoftheauthorshavebeenasserted First Edition published in 2015 Impression: 1 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, by licence or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organization. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above You must not circulate this work in any other form and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer Published in the United States of America by Oxford University Press 198 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016, United States of America British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Data available Library of Congress Control Number: 2014947260 ISBN 978–0–19–872376–9 Printed and bound by CPI Group (UK) Ltd, Croydon, cr0 4yy Links to third party websites are provided by Oxford in good faith and for information only. -
Icelandic -Basque Pidgin
Icelandic -Basque pidgin J58E itiNA~IQ,~UAtDE ttJi\iversity ofIllinois) Abstract In this paper i present dn analysts fJ/What fe1iJii,tns ofit trade l~nguage born in the seventeenth cen tury as a consequence 0/ Basque fishing trips in Me North Atlantic. Since the data t~at'we have show a linguistic syifiiii in an early stage ofdevelopment and the lan gUages in contact are easily identifiable, "whichever characteristics arepr~sent £n the contact language 1 will be traceable to one ofthe initial languages or to unilvifsal tendencies • For this purpose, an analysis ofthe main typological features ofboth Basque and Icelandic is also provided. *' 1. Introduction The only remaining vestige that we have of what appears to have been used as a means of communication between Basque whale hunters and Icelandic traders in the seventeenth century is constituted by a few sentences, together with a word list. The existence of this p'idgin seems to have gone virfually unnoticed. Hancock (1977) does not mention it in his "Repertoire of Pidgin and Creole Languages" although he mentions an extinct Icelandic French Pidgin. My source of information is Nicolaas Deen's Glossaria duo Vasco-lslandica (Ams terdam 1937, reprinted in this volume), which' is a commentary and translation of two manuscripts written in Iceland in t4e'seventeenth century. Since the contact sit uation was interrupted in the 'first part of the eighteenth century and was of inter mittent nature, the contact pidgin probably never developed much further than the stage recorded in the manuscripts. The' first manuscript lacks interest for our pur poses since it is just a list of lexical items seemingly elicited from the Basque sailors ,by pointing at different objects and vaguely organized according to semantic fields. -
The Computation of Prosody 'Oct 0 2 1992
THE COMPUTATION OF PROSODY by William James Idsardi B.A. University of Toronto (1988) Submitted to the Department of Linguistics and Philosophy in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology July 31, 1992 © William James Idsardi 1992 All rights reserved The author hereby grants to MIT permission to reproduce and to distribute copies of this thesis document in whole or in part. Signature of Author Departn nt of Linguistics and Philosophy July 31, 1992 Certified by - -I.....,,- ,v Morris Halle Institute Professor Thesis Supervisor Accepted by - Wayne O'Neil ARCHIVES Chairman MACHUSUS eDa r t m e n t of Linguistics and Philosophy 'OCT 0 2 1992 LlIrtv..0 2 THE COMPUTATION OF PROSODY by William James Idsardi Submitted to the Department of Linguistics and Philosophy on July 31, 1992 in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy ABSTRACT This thesis presents a new theory of metrical representations and computations. This theory emphasizes that the metrical grid is a separate module of the phonology, devoted to the calculation of partitionings of phonological elements. The metrical grid consists of parallel tiers composed of three kinds of elements: grid marks and left and right boundaries. A single boundary serves to define a metrical constituent: a left boundary creates a grouping of the elements to its right, a right boundary creates a grouping of the elements to its left. The calculation of the metrical grid is accomplished through the use of both rules and constraints. This division of labor accounts for observed properties of stress systems in a succinct manner. -
Fundada En 2001, Historia Del Presente Es Una Revista Semestral Especializada Dedicada Al Corto Siglo XX De La Historia De España
Fundada en 2001, Historia del presente es una revista semestral especializada dedicada al corto siglo XX de la Historia de España. Asimismo, presta atención a la historia de otros países europeos y americanos desde una perspectiva internacional y comparada. Equipo editorial Director: Abdón Mateos (UNED/CIHDE) Secretaria de redacción: Manuela Aroca (Fundación Francisco Largo Caballero) Consejo de Redacción: Juan Avilés (UNED); Montserrat Duch (U. Rovira i Virgili); Ángeles González (U. Sevilla); Abdón Mateos (UNED/CIHDE); Javier Muñoz Soro (U. Complutense/CIHDE); Gutmaro Gómez Bravo (U. Complutense); Ismael Saz (U. Valencia); Rosa Pardo (UNED); Ricardo Martín de la Guardia (U. Valladolid); Álvaro Soto (U. Autónoma de Madrid/CIHDE). Consejo internacional: Alfonso Botti (U. Modena); Antonio Cazorla, (U. Trent); Giuliana di Febo, (U. Roma III); Carlos Huneeus, (U. Chile); Manuel Loff (U.Oporto); Xosé M. Núñez Seixas, (U. L.M. Munich;) Liliana da Orden, (U. Nacional de Mar del Plata;) Paul Preston, (London School od Economics); Ranaan Rein (U. Tel Aviv;) Neal Rosendorf (U. Southern California); Henry Rousso, (CNRS-IHTP); Agustín Sánchez Andrés, (Universidad Michoacana); César Tcach (Universidad Nacional de Córdoba) Comité asesor: (2013-2014): Enrique Moradiellos (U. Extremadura); Rubén Vega (U. Oviedo); Ángel Bahamonde (U. Carlos III); Rafael Quirosa (U. Almeria); Aurora Bosch (U. Valencia); Julián Casanova (U. Zaragoza); Ángel Castro (UNED Melilla); Francisco J. Caspistegui (U. Navarra); José Luis de la Granja (U. País Vasco); Jesús de Juana (U. Vigo); Encarna Lemus (U. Huelva); José María Marín (UNED/CIHDE); Carmen Molinero (UAB); Conxita Mir (U. Lleida); Feliciano Montero (U. Alcalá); Mary Nash (U. Barcelona); Carlos Navajas (U. Rioja); Manuel Ortiz (U. -
Directions Active Employees (At 31.12
Publishing details At a glance Sales and net income for the year in € m Level of internationality Visitors: 47.9 % Exhibitors: 73.4 % 500 50 400 40 Editors-in-chief Print production 300 30 Dominique Ewert Messe Frankfurt Medien Klaus Münster-Müller und Service GmbH 200 20 Publishing Services Annual Report 2014 100 10 Editors 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Markus Quint (production editor) Print l from Germany attending Messe Frankfurt events at the Frankfurt venue l Sales l Net income for the year l from outside Germany attending Messe Frankfurt events at the Frankfurt venue Antje Breuer-Seifi Druckhaus Becker GmbH Claudia Lehning-Berge Dieselstraße 9 2014 The Messe Frankfurt corporate group conceives, plans and hosts trade fairs and exhibitions in Germany and abroad. Sarah Stanzel 64372 Ober-Ramstadt Messe Frankfurt The parent company and its subsidiaries offer a well-coordinated service package for national and international Gabriele Wehrl Germany Annual Report customers, exhibitors and visitors. Responsibility for content in accordance Paper Corporate group 2 with the German press laws Cover: Hello Fat Matt 1.1 350 g/m in € m* 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Iris Jeglitza-Moshage Inside pages: Arctic the Volume 150 g/m2 Sales 448 467 537 545 554 Photographs Print run Personnel expenses 102 106 120 123 131 Pietro Sutera Photography (p. 3) 3,000 in two editions Depreciation, amortisation and write-downs 59 59 61 56 52 Rüdiger Nehmzow (p. 6–11, 36–39) (German and English) Earnings before taxes on income 42 34 36 49 47 Iwan Baan (p. 19) EBITDA 109 99 102 108 102 BRCK (p. -
Self/Other Representations in Aleksei Balabanov's 'Zeitgeist Movies'
SELF/OTHER REPRESENTATIONS IN ALEKSEI BALABANOV‟S „ZEITGEIST MOVIES‟: FILM GENRE, GENRE FILM AND INTERTEXTUALITY Florian Weinhold School of Languages, Linguistics and Cultures A thesis submitted to the University of Manchester for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Faculty of Humanities 2011 2 Contents ABSTRACT……………….……………………………..….............…............... 6 DECLARATION………………………………………………….......................7 COPYRIGHT STATEMENT.....……………………………………................. 7 THE AUTHOR...………………………………………………….......................8 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS…………………………..………....…................... .9 Chapter 1: Introduction..............................………………………......……........11 1.1 Background, Rationale, Aim and Structure of the Introduction…………. 11 1.2 Why Balabanov?…………………………………..…….…….................. 13 1.3 Why Balabanov‟s „Genre Films‟?………………………..………............ 16 1.4 Balabanov‟s Genre Films in Russian and Western Criticism..................... 19 1.5 Contributions of the Study......................………………………………… 28 1.6 Aim, Objectives and Research Questions of the Thesis..............…........... 29 1.7 Primary Sources………….......................................................................... 31 1.8 Structure of the Thesis................................................................................ 32 Chapter 2: Methodology.......................................................................................35 2.1 Introduction...........................………………….......................................... 35 2.2 Why Genre?……………………………………...................……............ -
Grammatical Gender and Linguistic Complexity
Grammatical gender and linguistic complexity Volume I: General issues and specific studies Edited by Francesca Di Garbo Bruno Olsson Bernhard Wälchli language Studies in Diversity Linguistics 26 science press Studies in Diversity Linguistics Editor: Martin Haspelmath In this series: 1. Handschuh, Corinna. A typology of marked-S languages. 2. Rießler, Michael. Adjective attribution. 3. Klamer, Marian (ed.). The Alor-Pantar languages: History and typology. 4. Berghäll, Liisa. A grammar of Mauwake (Papua New Guinea). 5. Wilbur, Joshua. A grammar of Pite Saami. 6. Dahl, Östen. Grammaticalization in the North: Noun phrase morphosyntax in Scandinavian vernaculars. 7. Schackow, Diana. A grammar of Yakkha. 8. Liljegren, Henrik. A grammar of Palula. 9. Shimelman, Aviva. A grammar of Yauyos Quechua. 10. Rudin, Catherine & Bryan James Gordon (eds.). Advances in the study of Siouan languages and linguistics. 11. Kluge, Angela. A grammar of Papuan Malay. 12. Kieviet, Paulus. A grammar of Rapa Nui. 13. Michaud, Alexis. Tone in Yongning Na: Lexical tones and morphotonology. 14. Enfield, N. J. (ed.). Dependencies in language: On the causal ontology of linguistic systems. 15. Gutman, Ariel. Attributive constructions in North-Eastern Neo-Aramaic. 16. Bisang, Walter & Andrej Malchukov (eds.). Unity and diversity in grammaticalization scenarios. 17. Stenzel, Kristine & Bruna Franchetto (eds.). On this and other worlds: Voices from Amazonia. 18. Paggio, Patrizia and Albert Gatt (eds.). The languages of Malta. 19. Seržant, Ilja A. & Alena Witzlack-Makarevich (eds.). Diachrony of differential argument marking. 20. Hölzl, Andreas. A typology of questions in Northeast Asia and beyond: An ecological perspective. 21. Riesberg, Sonja, Asako Shiohara & Atsuko Utsumi (eds.). Perspectives on information structure in Austronesian languages. -
Doukhobor Problem,” 1899-1999
Spirit Wrestling Identity Conflict and the Canadian “Doukhobor Problem,” 1899-1999 By Ashleigh Brienne Androsoff A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy, Graduate Department of History, in the University of Toronto © by Ashleigh Brienne Androsoff, 2011 Spirit Wrestling: Identity Conflict and the Canadian “Doukhobor Problem,” 1899-1999 Ashleigh Brienne Androsoff Degree of Doctor of Philosophy, Graduate Department of History, University of Toronto, 2011 ABSTRACT At the end of the nineteenth century, Canada sought “desirable” immigrants to “settle” the Northwest. At the same time, nearly eight thousand members of the Dukhobori (commonly transliterated as “Doukhobors” and translated as “Spirit Wrestlers”) sought refuge from escalating religious persecution perpetrated by Russian church and state authorities. Initially, the Doukhobors’ immigration to Canada in 1899 seemed to satisfy the needs of host and newcomer alike. Both parties soon realized, however, that the Doukhobors’ transition would prove more difficult than anticipated. The Doukhobors’ collective memory of persecution negatively influenced their perception of state interventions in their private affairs. In addition, their expectation that they would be able to preserve their ethno-religious identity on their own terms clashed with Canadian expectations that they would soon integrate into the Canadian mainstream. This study focuses on the historical evolution of the “Doukhobor problem” in Russia and in Canada. It argues that -
Deceptive Justice
“MEMORIAL” Human Rights Center DECEPTIVE JUSTICE Situation on the investigation on crimes against civilians committed by members of the Federal Forces in the Chechen Republic during military operations 1999–2003 (Updated in May 2003) Moscow 2003 PURL: https://www.legal-tools.org/doc/00f67f/ ПРАВОЗАЩИТНЫЙ ЦЕНТР «МЕМОРИАЛ» HUMAN RIGHTS CENTER «MEMORIAL» Россия, Москва, 103051, М. Каретный переулок 12 тел.: (095) 200-6506, факс: (095) 209-5779, E-mail: [email protected] ISBN 5-93439-113-5 © Human RightCenter,«Memorial», 2003. PURL: https://www.legal-tools.org/doc/00f67f/ Contents List of Abridgements . .4 1. Introduction . .6 2. Sentences to the servicemen who committed crimes against the inhabitants of the Chechen Republic . .7 3. Sentences to the policemen who committed crimes against the inhabitants of the Chechen Republic . .11 4. Investigation on criminal cases by the office of public prosecutor . .13 4.1. Investigation on criminal cases by the office of military prosecutor . .20 4.2. Investigation on criminal cases by the office of public prosecutor of the Chechen Republic . .23 5. Attachments 1. Answer from the Deputy Procurator-General of the Russian Federation S.N.Fridinsky to the inquiry sent by the Deputy of the State Duma S.A.Kovaliov on the sentences passed by the courts on criminal cases concerning the crimes against the inhabitants of the Chechen Republic, committed by members of the Federal Forces . .31 2. Izviestia. Evgueny Chubatov, Oleg Yunusov. “Fusillade” article. July, 9 2002 . .39 3. Information from INTERFAX July, 13 2001 . .45 4. Information from INTERFAX July, 16 2001 . .47 5. Information from INTERFAX July, 17 2001 . -
UC Berkeley L2 Journal
UC Berkeley L2 Journal Title Gippius, Gender, and Textual Work in the L2 Classroom Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6g8901mr Journal L2 Journal, 13(1) Author Lawton, Dominick Publication Date 2021 DOI 10.5070/L213151782 License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ 4.0 eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California L2 Journal, Volume 13 Issue 1 (2021), pp. 104-107 http://reposittories.cdlib.org/uccllt/l2/vol13/iss1/10ya4 Gippius, Gender, and Textual Work in the L2 Classroom DOMINICK LAWTON UC Berkeley Email: [email protected] My comments will make a case for the value of careful philological work with literary texts— an orientation which looms large in Slavic studies—in the language classroom. Using an example from my own Russian teaching, I propose that a grammatically sensitive, close reading of literature is a valuable way to introduce students to the generative relationship between rules and originality in language use, or the way that each utterance draws on the available resources of a language to intervene into a concrete situation. In this respect, creative use of a language’s literary tradition can illuminate present-day social issues. Literature features prominently in most second language courses, perhaps especially so in Russian L2 curricula due to the immense prestige of canonical literature in Russophone culture. For most Russian teachers, myself included, there are obvious reasons for incorporating literature into our pedagogy: it provides students with cultural capital, increases their literacy, and introduces them to texts that have inherent humanistic interest and aesthetic value. -
Extensions of Remarks 27223 Extensions of Remarks
September 29, 1995 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 27223 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS OFFERING MILITARY DEPENDENTS change as I receive comments from the De begins, and I want to urge my colleagues, es AND NONACTIVE DUTY MILI partment of Defense, Office· of Personnel Man pecially those of Italian descent, to join me in TARY THE OPPORTUNITY TO agement, the military coalition, and other inter the celebration. PARTICIPATE IN THE FEDERAL ested parties. It is my hope, however, that this EMPLOYEES HEALTH BENEFITS vehicle will raise the issue to a level of debate PROGRAM that will enable us in Congress to seriously study merits of allowing military dependents TRIBUTE TO THE HONORABLE HON. ED PASTOR and military retirees the opportunity to partici JUDGE GEORGE C. STEER III OF ARIZONA pate in the Federal Employees Health Benefits IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Program. Friday, September 29, 1995 HON. DAVID E. BONIOR Mr. PASTOR. Mr. Speaker, recently, the ITALIAN-AMERICAN HERITAGE OF MICHIGAN Civil Service Subcommittee of the House Gov MONTH IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ernment Reform and Oversight Committee held hearings into the problems with the mili HON. WIUJAM J. MARTINI Friday, September 29, 1995 tary health services system. Assistant Sec OF NEW JERSEY Mr. BONIOR. Mr. Speaker, the March of retary of Defense for Health Affairs described IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Dimes is an organization with a noble mission: the three biggest problems in military health Friday, September 29, 1995 to fight birth defects and childhood diseases. care as "access, access, access." Those of us who have military installations in our con Mr.