Number 6 April 1986 STUDIES IN CONTRAST THE MEANING NKO/V1ATI ACCORD - OF U .S . AID IS IT DEAD? TO UNITA

In October 1985, Mozam- bique's President paid an official visit to the United States . He was well received by President Ronald Reagan and cabinet members including Secretary of State Schultz . The admini- stration expressed its support of the Mozambican government under the leadership of President Machel and its desire to see the South African government respect the Nkomati Accord . Many ultra- conservative groups strongly protested the red carpet treatment given to President Machel . In July, the Reagan The need for a large, strong Mozambican defense administration offered the force was not diminished with the Nkomati Accord Mozambican government a little as Mozambicans had hoped . over $1 million in non-lethal military aid (later blocked by Last August 28, the assured Mozambican leaders conservatives in Congress). Mozambican Armed Forces with that they too only wanted The offer of military aid Zimbabwean air support, took peace in the region . But and the welcoming accorded the over the largest known documents captured in the Mozambican delegation would Mozambican National Resistence attack proved without any tend to suggest that the (MNR) base inside . doubt that while Mozambique Reagan administration backed The base, located in Central suspected the South African the Marxist government of Mozambique in the province of government was stockpiling the Mozambique and is opposed to Sofala, provided more than a MNR and dropping supplies to the South African-backed guer- two year's supply of weapons them, the South African regime rillas who are known as the and a look at life inside a was in fact guilty of these MNR or RENAMO. MNR command base . The takeover violations and more. In February 1986, Jonas also provided irrefutable Savimbi, the head of UNITA, an evidence that had Documents Show Complicity organization backed by the continued its support of the South African government which armed bandits known as the Volumes of documents, is fighting to overthrow the MNR. including diaries, minutes of legitimate government of On March 16, 1984, the meetings and copies of com- Angola, visited the U .S . He governments of Mozambique and munication with South African too was well received by South Africa signed a command showed how the South President Reagan and cabinet non-agression accord at a African government system- members including the Secre - bordertown called Nkomati . The atically continued their tary of State. accord pledged both countries support of the MNR. The administration ex- to not support groups involved One of the documents pressed its strong support of in violence _ against the showed that in Febuary 1984 - the armed group which has other . Throughout the year a month before the Nkomati- fought with South African following the accord, South Accord was formalized - but backing, against the Marxist Africa assured Mozambique that when both countries were Angolan government since 1975. it was doing everything within negoiating - one of the bandit During that time South Africa its power to stop the MNR from eaders was caled to began moving troops across receiving aid from supporters Pretoria . . ."in order to have inside South Africa . South conversations with the South (Continued on page 15) African government officials (Continued on page 3)

President Machel Visits ECONOMIC PLAN FOR 1986 the U .S.A . PRESENTED During ten days in Sep - or the Front Line States tember, President Samora support the use of sanuctions Machel and a delegation which against South Africa . In his During the presentation included several ministers, talks with George Schultz, of the budget and the central paid an official visit to the Samora Machel is said to have state plan for 1986, Rui United States . President asked that the Administration Baltazar, the Minister of Machel's last visit to the not let the effect of Finances, reported that the United States was made in 1980 sanuctions on neighboring main economic aim for 1985 - when he spoke at the United countries be the a principa stopping the decline in Nations . The purpose of the consideration in considering economic activity - had not most recent visit was to sanuctions . What Mozambique been achieved . Instead the address the U .N . on its 40th and the other front line economic activity for the anniversary and also to lay states want is that those country declined by 20% over the foundations for the countries which are in a 1984 . further development of position to take measures "Our income in foreign bilateral relations with the against , do so - exchange declined, both from United States. while also doing what they can exports and from invisibles The delegation was met on economically for the Front and this provoked huge its arrival by Chester Line States. difficulties for us as regards Crocker, the Assistant President Machel met with to imports and other Secretary of State for African Vice-President Bush, as well expenditures in foreign Affairs and was officialy as Deputy Secretary of State exchange, " explained the received by Secretary of State Chester Crocker and the Minister . The result of the George Schultz . President Assistant Secretary of State decline has meant less goods, Machel descriped the internal for African Affairs, Frank clothing, fuel, medicine and situation in Mozambique and Wisner . Events and politics of food for the country's 13 explained the nature and the southern African region million plus people . Goods activties of the MNR to dominated the conversations. such as radios, batteries, Secretary of State Schultz President Machel had a material for clothing and when they met . Mr . Schultz is two-hour meeting with bicicles provide incentives reported to have assured him President Reagan, once again for peasants to increase that the U .S . government dominated by discussions of production . At present offers no support or sympathy the southern Africa region. peasants are paid for their to the MNR . Mr . Schultz also Later in the day, President crops but can't find the goods assured President Machel that Machel addressed the Foreign they want to buy. the U .S . government supported Affairs Committees of both The main reasons for the the Nkomati Accord and would Houses of the Congress . In his current slump are two-fold: do what they could to see that talks Machel stressed that the the targeting of economic the agreement was respected. U .S . "should put pressure on projects by the MNR as a way Prior to the the arrival South Africa for the to destroy the counrty's of the delegation, the elimination of apartheid ." He economy and the morae of the Washington Post carried a explained that several areas people and the lack of parts story which implied that the for cooperation existed and raw materials vital to. the purpose of the visit to the between Mozambique and the smooth running of any factory. United States was to U .S . and that Mozambique needs The 1986 plan calls for a discourage sanctions . In fact, 13% increase over that of 1985 Mozambique and other countries which would bring the overall production to 90% of what it was in 1984 . The plan seeks to increase by 29% the amount of produce marketed by peasants. While farmers will be encouraged to grow more rice and vegatables, there will also be an emphasis on the production of cashew nuts and other crops which can bring in foreign echange . A projection of a 40% increase on the food supply includes planned inports and food donated by international organizations. The plan also suggests an eight percent increase in the enrollment of the nation's schools, while the main objective of the Ministry of Health will be to rebuild as President Machel with Randall Robinson and members of the many of the MNR-destroyed Black Caucus in Washington. health center as possible and (Continued on page 7) 2

NKOMATI deliever supplies to the MNR commander appearing on the ACCORD inside Mozambique. program explained that South On September 16, the eve Africa would have to defend of President Machel's depar- itself against the "Soviet (Continued from page 1) ture for the United States, he Threat" coming from Mozambique confronted South Africa's and Angola . In response, Foreign Minister Botha with Mozambique's Minister of African generals, at the the evidence . Three days later Information issued a com- invitation of the latter . . ." the South African Minister led munique dening that there was The meeting resulted in the a delegation to a bordertown ever such a build-up and promise of a massive influx of in South Africa where they met pointing out that South Africa weapons within eight weeks . with a Mozambican delegation has the greatest military The infiltration of arms and led by Minister of Interior strength in the area and that men occurred just a short time .Oscar Monteiro and Minister of their activities include "the before the signing of the Security Sergio Vieira to re- recent escalation of de- Accord . spond . But the truth had been stabilising actions against The Mozambican government re- vealed the night before at the People's Republic of revealed in the news con- a press conference in Mozambique through systematic ference at which they Pretoria. violations of the borders . . ., announced the discovery of the Foreign Minister Botha particularily in documents they had had what reported that the South province ." Mozambique feared they called a 'gentleman's African Commission of Inquiry that with the collapse of the agreement' with the South appointed to investigate the Nkomati Accord, South Africa Africans to not use the period validity of Mozambique's would revert back to its between their 1983 meeting and charge found that on one pre-Accord days of direct the signing of the actual occasion weapons had been bombings and invasions. accord to infiltrate men or delievered to the MNR inside As South Africa's material across the border . Mozambique . He explained that internal poices bring the Documents show that the the weapons had been necessary country closer to violent South African government used to protect South Africans send revolution, the apatheid re - this period to reorganize the to build a landing strip at a gime searches for ways to gain bandits for the post-Nkomati MNR base. more support for it's external phase, re-arm and re-supply At the press conference, policies . Just as the South the bandits to keep them for a Minister Botha stated that MNR African regime is determined six month period, train men to chiefs had been brought to to portray the African be infiltrated into Mozambique South Africa and taken back to National Congress as (including parachutists, in- Mozambique again by submarine; 'terrorists' controlled by the structors, radio operators) that radio contact had been the Soviet Union, it also and to organize a clandestine maintained with the MNR . These attempts to portray Angola and network between the MNR and other clear violations of Mozambique as 'Soviet bandits in Mozambique and the the spirit and the letter of threats'. South Af rican a rmy the non-agression accord were reclutantly admitted, but Fighting Continues 'Technical Violations ' classified as mere "technical vioations" . It was implied by In Mozambique the fight - The Mozambicans, in meet - Mr . Botha that much of this ing continues . Bases which are ings with South Africans after activity had taken place as captured by Mozambican Armed the Accord was signed, asked South Africa worked behind the Forces one month are for information about the scenes to convince the MNR to reoccuppied by the MNR the location of MNR bases . "The negotiate with FRELIMO. next month, only to be cleaned South African delegation In October, the Mozam - up by the army later . The always refused to give us any bican government suspended its capture of MNR bases in information, continually as - participation in the Joint Inhambane have made it serting that they had parted Security Commission estab- possible to travel on that with the bandits on bad lished after the signing of province's main roads again. terms, " the Mozambican offi - the Nkomati Accord and the Over two hundred bandits were cial explained. South African government reported killed in eight While the South African refused to investigate any miitary operations against government publicly took cre - further charges from bases in that province and the dit for setting up radars on Mozambique that the Accord was army recaptured a principal its border supposably to still being violated. sugar processing town from detect violators of Mozambican bandits who occupied it for airspace, the South African seventeen days in January. Air Force inself continued to A Return to Pre-Accord Days Also in January, a land- violate that air space. mine derailed a freight train When the Mozambicans In November, the South traveling from Maputo to a protested that their terri - African Broadcast company South African bordertown . In torial waters were being aired a news segment which February another freight train violated, the South Africans stated that Mozambique was was attacked as it crossed the volunteered to help from their amassing troops and material border from Swaziland into side . At the same time they on its border with South used submarines and boats to Africa . A South African (Continued on page 15)

The Gorongosa Story I

On August 28, Mozambican existence of this latest MNR 'Central Regional Base' in and Zimbabwean troops began base was known by both . This was the their bombarbment of the base military personnel and base used by MNR bandits in which was the headquarters for civilians for several years, their attacks on the MNR operations inside Mozam - but logistically was difficult Mozambique-Zimbabwe pipeline bique . The base known as 'Casa to take . The main base was and against the power line Banana' and as the 'General located at the foot of a huge which carried electricity to Staff Base' by the MNR, was flat topped mountain which Mozambique's second larges located in a zone known as provided excellent look-out city Beira . In the attack on Gorongosa in the central for the MNR. the Gorongosa base an province of Sofala . Before The bombarbment was estimated 100 MNR members were independence, Gorongosa was followed by the landing of 85 killed in ground figthing and best known as the site of one Zimbabwean paratroopers . The another 400 were killed by of the best animal reserves in prinicpal MNR leaders fled. helicopter artillery. southern Africa . Because of The man referred to as the the zone's proximity to 'supreme commander' Afonso Resettling the 'Recuperados ' Zimbabwe's border, it was Dhlakama of the MNR is considered unsafe to travel believed to have escaped by through during the struggle motorcycle to the north. for, Zimbabwean independence. The actual move to take More than 10,000 people The Ian Smith regime over the base began with the who lived in the Gorongosa first set up MNR camps in this capturing of smaller MNR bases area had been forced to live area in 1976 . The first large in the area in early July . On under MNR domination - many MNR base in Gorongosa was August 20, Mozambican and for more than four years . Four destroyed by the Mozambican Zimbabwean forces took over large reception centers were armed forces in 1979 . The what was known as MNR's set up around Gorongosa for 'recuperados' - those re- covered from MNR control. "They (the MNR) convinced many peasants that they would be killed by the Mozambican authorities . Such was the fear and distress of the 'recuperados' that the autho- rities in the centers decided to ask them no questions beyond those absolutely necessary - where they came from, their name and their ages," commented one official assigned to the camp. They came in slowly at first, but after several weeks the camps grew to capacity. Many of the people, especially the women, appeared tramatized weeks after their libera- tion . The most desperate needs of the residents of the Gorongosa were clothing and food . After the army takeover of the Gorongosa base, Pre- sident Machel visited the Gorongosa area in Sofala and two districts of the , including the capital Chomoio . In Manica province he was received by large crowds excited about the news of the MNR headquaters being destroyed. Mozambicans turn out to greet Samora Machel in Chimoio after the taking of the MNR base at Gorongosa.

4

Joint Action The decision to use . a joint Mozambican-Zimbabwean offensive against the MNR was made at the meeting in Harare in late June between President Samora Machel of Mozambique, President Julius Nyerere of Tanzania and Prime Minister Robert Mugabe of Zimbabwe. Although Zimbabwean troops provided some protection for the oil pipeline which brought oil from the Mozambican coast to Zimbabwe, the decision taken at the meeting meant that the three countries would began cooperating more closely among themselves, especially in military actions against the armed bandits. During an inspection visit to Gorongosa on September 5, President Machel presented gifts to Zimbabwean officers who commanded the paratroopers and recalled the bond which existed during the struggle for Zimbabwean independence . In 1979, more Samora Machel with the Zimbabwean paratroop commander than 5000 Mozambican soldiers who led Zimbabwean participation in Gorongosa attack. crossed into Rhodesia to fight along side of ZANU guerillas to overthrow the Smith regime. compliance with the accord. inter- And President Botha con - These Mozambican The documents also showed tinued, "I believe General nationalists remained in how the MNR was kept informed until talks for Viljoen . No communist attempt Zimbabwe of the talks leading to to discredit him or Mr . Louis independence began . "Ian Smith Nkomati and talks between the mixed the blood of our Nel will suceed ." The leader Mozambicans and South Africans of an opposition party called peoples . We intend to continue after ; how high officals in for a full scale investi - defending each other," Machel the South African Armed Forces . "The solidarity that gation . If "even half of the declared and Military Intelligence documentation presented tot) existed between Mozambique, worked as advisers and journalists in Maputo on Tanzania and Zimbabwe is not supporters of the MNR ; how . So we met in September 30 " were true, they something new these and other high officials declared, this "would be a Harare and we decided to fight (including South Africa's then devastating comment on the together . " Deputy Foreign Minister, Louis ability of the executive to The Zimbabwean Prime Nel) made frequent clandestine control its armed forces . " The Minister, speaking in February visits to the MNR base in South African president at a funeral for two flyers Gorongosa ; how the MNR leaders refused to take any action killed in a helicopter crash traveled to meetings in Europe against those named in the in Mozambique stated that on passports arranged by the documents. sending troops to fight with South Africans and how MNR "The government cannot Mozambicans was only one form 'soldiers' trained by the have it both ways", declared of standing up to the South South African military to an editorial in the South . African strategy of regional fight against FRELIMO were African newspaper, the Star, destabilization. used by the South Africans in "If it did not authorise the Angola and Namibia. dubious adventures and The Gorongosa Notebooks intrusions of these military Denials men, then the corollary must The documents left behind be true : elements in the - a diary and two notebooks - South Africa's President defence force are out of provided Mozambicans officals P .W . Botha speaking at his control and think that they with a wealth of information. party's congress in October can do what they like .' South The most important fact proven declared that "South Africa African officials later by the information is that kept faithfully to the admitted their 'technical South Africa's military and accord ." Speaking of passages violations'. intelligence community began which referred to Colonel Excerpts from the docu - planning even before the Viljoen, the chief of the ments published begining on Nkomati Accord was signed how South African Armed Forces, he the next page provide the most they would continue their declared, "He denied it and convincing arguments on the support of the terrorists assured me that he kept to the complicity of South African while their government claimed government's decisions ." officials . .

-Apologies for the release of the Russians without the complete agreement of DIARY EXCERPTS Renamo - pressure from the USA. -Fate of the two The writer is believed to have been the private secretary Russians still in Renamo's of Afonso Dhlakama, the so-called president of the MNR. hands . Dhlakma is referred to throughout the text as 'His Excellency'. -Good relations JANUARY 11, 1984 between Renamo and SA are H .E . receives Vanika and Johany FEBRUARY 7, 1984 desired, leaving aside the with Secretary General to deal H .E . left for Pretoria at 3 :00 matter of the Russians, which with organizational matters and with the Secretary General for was a shameful attitude of the the sustance was as Follows: talks with the South African South African Government. generals, at their invitation. (memo)the meeting with the general FEBUARY 27,198 1± 1. Release of all Russians* at settled the arms supplies : huge Renamoa S . A .'s request, for diplomatic For 8 weeks because SA is going 1 . Our 100 specialist soldiers reasons. to stop giving logistics. who are in the hands of SA. 2. S .A . confirns its total 2 . Possibility of putting them support to Renamo until the FEBRUARY 22, 1984 into Maputo. total elimination of Machel. 3. S .A . under pressure from the On 2/23/84 at 10 :00 there was a General of Spec. USA, will ensure negotiations meeting in Pretoria between Forces: between Machel, and Renamo H .E . and the general of 1 .Despatch of 6 technicians to before November. Military Intelligence ; general Gorongosa ro receive the ship of the Special Forces; with material. JANUARY 21, 1984 Brigadier of Military 2 .Of the 100 men: Colonel Uanikav went to Malawi Intelligence ; and Colonel 2 died struck down by the to talk to president Banda Uaniker of Military Angolans about the Russians and to take intelligence. 3 are prisoners them to RSA . At the request of 30 in Namibia Prime Minister Botha . This Objective : Planning 6S in ParabclwaCa base in decision was a matter of the war in the face of the South Africa) disagreement with Renamo, since situation taken up by the South out of 75 are parachutists they did not give prior African Republic. they have been trained in knowledge. various courses : security, WT, drivers, etc. JANUARY 23, 1984 The previous plan made at the 3 . The general asks to keep 10 The Soviets leave today from meeting is still under of our soldiers. B/R No . 8 West for Lojas de consideration. 4 . Method of infiltrating the Tengani where they will be -We soldiers will continue to 9S into Maputo. freed. give support without the consent of our politicians in FEBRUARY 2, 1984E massive numbers so as to win AUGUST 16, 1984+ Our fighters must not talk to the war. We had a meeting with Brigadier the people about out friends, Machel can only fall Uan Tcnder and colonel so that the enemy should not immediately througha cut in the Uanikerque, at our request, find out ; in the event of our economy and the communications where we explained our request friends being seen by the routes. for war material, in accordance people, it will be the with HE's instructions . They fighters' duty to inform the FEBRUARY 24, 198 4E gave us the following reply: people that they are the The 100 men should enter Maputo As regards war material, captured Russians. in small groups via the AK-47 ammunition, we have this Libombos, with pre-determined for you, and they said they Inform our fighters aims and targets for each will send it but at the moment that our friends are or came group. there are transport from England. -Iwo RNM men will be trained in difficulties . Since we can no ultra-secret communications longer use the C130 aircraft, Our friends must between RNM and Pretoria. as these aircraft are under Air always speak English and not Force control, nor can we use Afrikaans, to avoid the -The General will the Navy as there might be an soldiers finding out, as we ensure resupply even after the information leak as well as have many fighters who were agreement by S .A . with the involving many people . And in formerly\workers in RSA . communist Machel, especially event of doing this when we ammunition and radio were caught this would tranmitters imply a heavy sentence for General Van Der West Huisen, -Railroads, Cahora Brigadier Van Tonder and Bassa ; cooperantes, and other Colonel Vanikerke, as it would targets of an economic nature, constitute a serious violation *The Russians refered to in SADCC. of the Nkomati Accord, which is this text were Soviet vital at this moment for our geologists kidnapped from a -Definition of targets South African Government. Mozambican coal mining camp that force FRELIMO to talk to The Brigadier went on to say: .where they worked . Renamo . To overcome this difficulty , we

are going to use civilian aircraft that will land . So NEW LABOR LAW ADOPTED Colonel Vanikerke will go to Gorongosa on 8/22/8 41 to meet the President of Panama so as A new labor law was health and safety dangers in to organize landing strips to adopted in December at the the workplace with employers make it easier to use civil 14th session of the People's having a legal obligation to aircraft that can land and not Assembly which outlines in provide medical care or drop paeachutes so as avoid detail the rights and duties disability security for under-using capacity. of Mozambican workers . In the injured workers . The labor law, each able-bodied citizen inspector wil have the job of As For material for is guaranteed a job depending overseeing all aspects of urban guerrilla warfare we on the worker's ability, the legality in the workplace . The shall send this, but not all job market and the nation's inspector is expected to work the kinds of material asked economic development . The closely with the unions and for, since there are some bombs worker is given the right and have the power to intervine in that were assembled in S .A ., any and it would compromise us with duty of participation in the workplace whether the Nkomati Accord, so we shall production planning process in state-owned, private or send time bombs and timing their area . Participation by cooperative. devices to work with workers in unions - both trade A section of the law explosives. and professiona - is guarantees women rights . equal encouraged and guaranteed . The to men in the workplace, while law also states that the making special provisions for September 8 E 9 , country's workers are entitled mothers . Pregnant women are 198' "to be treated correctly and allowed sixty days of paid Commandant Mateus joined us on with respect," and to "be leave and it is against the 5/9/84, comimg fta om the field. rewarded in accordance with law for a firm to fire any 6/9/84 - at 5 p .m . we had a the quantity and quality of woman because she is pregnant meetimg with the chief of Staff work done ." if she returns to work within of the South Africa Armed Where possible, the law a year . Women still nursing Forces, General Visloen ; Gen- states that workers should be are allowed two thirty minute eral Van Der West Huisen, Br. paid according to the quality periods during the workday to Van Tcnder and Col . Vanikerke and volume of work produced breast-fed their child . There were present at the meeting . At instead of by the hour, with will also be a prescibed the meeting the following was bonuses for exceptional work, effort by the Secretary of discussed: increased volume and sug- State for Labor and the 1. General Vilsoen agreed to gestions which economize Organization of Mozambican send us "humanitarian aid" in material in short supply . The Women (OMM) to find ways of Air Force C130 planes. law stipulates fines, demotion more fully incoporating women 2. He agreed with the into evacuation of the generals. and other disciplinary all levels of the 3. He said he would do measures for workers who workforce. everything possible to have at retard production or disregard The new labor law, along least 1 hour on SABC, infor - normal work procedures, with the various trade unions mation about Renamo activities although the union must be established over the last two and other related questions. contacted before any serious years, could contribute sig- 4. He recommended that we disciplinary actions can be nificantly to the improvement not lose military strength taken. of the work condition in and control, in the Face of Unions are responsible Mozambique's factories and these negotiations. for protecting workers against offices . n S . He said that the cease- fire mustn't be effective, he agreed with the plan of two to three months maximum. 6. He recommended us not to accept the amnesty. NUMBER OF REFUGEES INCREASES 7. He suggested that the ceasefire should not enable economic agreements between SA and Machel, these should be More than 2,000 Mozam- otner serious illnesses are suspended until the conclusion bicans entered into Zambia, a under control . Some refugees of the Final Peace Agreement in northern neighbor of Mozam- are already busy working land Mozambique. bique, during a two week to grow food. 8. He also said that he period in February . They In January it was would facilitate our contacts brought to 9,000 the number of announced that FAO of the UN with foreign countries individuals who have crossed will provide food aid to especially African countries. over to Zambia since 1985 . The support the Mozambican refu- 9. The General recommended cause for the human trek is gees in Zimbabwe . The that we not be fooled by the the action of armed bandits in emergency food aid is intented schemes of Pick Botha because the area of the border. to provide for 23,000 Mozam- he is a traitor, he even agreed A Zambian official noted bican refugees for a six month with Chester Crocker's ideas of that Zambia does not have the period . These Mozambicans fled FRELIMO offering an amnesty to minimal conditions necessary over the last two years to Renamo members. for hosting this number of Zimbabwe because of the MNR refugees although diarrhea and activity where they lived on (Continued on page 11) the border with Zimbabwe . n 7

letters . . . tell their own stories

"The lack of batteries is "As all of us know who While the MNR terrorism rages on and the Army confronts the MNR passing through. that I'd have to bring a sack a big problem in our country, have lived in the People's where they find them, life in Mozambique goes on - although 'normal' of cornmeal and 3,698 .50 and is felt by all Republic of Mozambique in it is not . While war is not the sole preoccupation of Mozambicans, it Otilia Neves meticais (about $92 .00). Mozambicans . The greatest these last years, the lack of has for some time affected just about every other aspect of life. General Clinic Physician "Can it be that cornmeal number of Mozambicans today transportation to the Mozambicans want what people in other countries want - decent homes, has no value in the purchase have their portable radios put provinces in the Center and clothes, schools for the children, enough food to eat and jobs to earn of blankets? In what year was away due to the lack of North of the country is what they need . The majority of Mozambicans did not have these things the campaign started (refers batteries. epidemic . This dramatic sit - during Colonialism . And life since Independence has not been easy. to the campaign though which "All of us know that it is uation causes, as a conse- War, once again, is one of the main deterrents to a better life. peasants could trade their through the radio that we hear quence, cases where citizens These are the things that Mozambicans write letters to the editor products for goods at rural the national and international who you find working in other of TEMPO magazine to discuss these days. stores who the government news . For those who know how provinces don't have the The letters column in the weekly magazine TEMPO has become a would buy the crops from)? to read and write, they can chance to attend funerals in popular mirror of the nation's disposition . Readers from all over the "In how many districts keep up with the news through their family, spend their country write (or get someone to write for them) about the things that was the campaign applied? What the newspaper. vacations with their families bother them - lack of food or goods, policies or programs that don't has became of it? " "Can it be that Tudor (the or have their families visit work or agencies and officials who are unnecessarily bureaucratic. company which makes batteries) them because everything is They also write to praise people and policies which do work . Sometimes can not find a way to solve connected to Maputo. the letters are about personal incidents . Others have been part of the problem? Or are the "For example - there are national debates about polygamy, brides price and the draft system. Augusto Sansao Nhapuo merchants removing the bat - no connections between Beira Some letters have sparked official investigations into charges of Quissico - Inhambane teries from the stores to sell and Lichinga, Nampula and corruption . The letters column is read as consistently by government on the blackmarket? Quelimane, Tete and Pemba and officials as it is by peasants . It is the Nation's open forum in which "I ask whoever's job it visa-versa. everyone can be heard. is, to resolve this problem "Those hurt the most are The following is a sampling of short letters to the editors which for us - one which causes many those who you find far from tell something about life in Mozambique. citizens to be left behind their place of origin and for 4 "My father died on because we can't hear the news whom it is necessary to have a February 23 1984 while he was on our radios ." credential signed by some at work erecting the high responsavel . But not everyone voltage line of Alto Molocue - has that possiblity. Murrupula . He drove a truck, Zeca Lacualo "Now, what is the route which by chance, set off a Maputo for mail and how long does it landmine that caused his death at that very spot . , He was a take a letter to arrive at its "In response to the worker at the State Electric destination in one of areas letter written to TEMPO on Company . He left me with four 9-29-85, by the with studentsno connections? " of more brothers younger than the Institute of Health myself. Zito Joaquim Sciences in Maputo, the "In this situation, I was Maputo following clarification: very worried and I use to go "In fact our students, "In the middle of July sometimes to the company where like the majority of the 1985, I was robbed of my he worked to see if they could (—FALTA DE PILNAS population of our country, in documents at the Gurue 1 Firm, help me to work out our case - particular those who live in in the Province of Zambezia. but nothing came of it . My the provinces and the dis- "Because of this the mother isn't able to provide tricts, have enormous firm gave me fifteen days to for us. "The large part of the difficulties in clothing and return to my home district to "Can it be that the firm workers in the district of especially with shoes. take care of getting new ones, has done all they can? Or Morrumbene in the . Province of "Unhappily and indepen- where I arrived on 8/24/85. better yet, didn't they have Inhambane, or perhaps Mozam- dently of the wishes of the There I found armed bandits insurance? An now, what can I bican workers in general, have Institute's Administration, who were burning houses, do for my brothers? And the as their salaries something for the students in health including the Marea townhall. worst yet is that I'm still in close to 2,100 to 3,500 courses in Maputo, as well as They also robbed surplus school" meticais (about $52 .00 to the other provinces, shoes are products and they killed Mo- $87 .00 a month). not are part of the items they zambican parents and children. "Here we see clothing receive . Students only have "If things continue like Miguel Ernesto Pauline sold only in the 'cantinas' in the right to smocks and pants this, there is no way what- Alto Molocue - Zambezia the districts : such as in Casa which causes the situation so-ever that the population Anotonio Enes and in Casa described by the students in can make progress or TEMPO Editor's Note : The Taruneat . A pair of pants of their letter. procreate . alleviating of the problem A 464 local fabric costs between "I don't think that the presented by this reader 5,000 and 5,500 meticais ..J cause of this is the depends on the sensibilities (about $125 .00), a skirt costs insensibility of anyone, buit Adelino Porto of the directors of the firm ~ , ► dIw 10,000 meticais (about the big economic difficulties Marea - Zambezia in question . Defending the '~ $250 .00) and underpants cost of the country, considering Country also means to handle 1,000 meticais (about $25 .00). that at times we don't even the situations of those "How many months is it have medicine which is mortally wounded by the enemy. 11 necessary to work just to have prioritary . It should be the " I am writing to TEMPO Jt this kind of clothing?" job of the Party Cell and the magazine to denounce the new iiuiuiii ;;;v ; Institute's Administration to cantinas that exist in the ;iuiiauuiuum Rodrigues Carlos Cofe analize with the students this district of Zavala . I tried to Morrumbene - Inhambane phase which our country is buy a blanket and I was told (Continued on page 10) `Papa! The radio doesn't play." 8 9

" I, as a Mozambican "I have also been a the patients ." Youth, have a duty to defend soldier since 1978, fulfilling my country which is being Law #4/78 (which requires Joaquim Jacinto Guambe attacked and exploited by military duty for two years Maputo aggressors . My friends say from youths of a certain age). that it is better to go to the Why is it that I haven't been mines in South Africa to work de-mobilized? I understand to bring back big stereos and that it is our duty to defend large motorcicles to have a the Country and consolidate "We have been students of better standard of living. our victories as national the Jecua Secundary School "In this case what are citizens, but it is also since 1983 . When a Mozambicans students abandon important to become "cooperante' (foreign national their studies for? Mozambican de-mobilized and go to the who works for the government workers leave their jobs just reserves ." on contract) who worked in to go behind their cousins who this school was transfered, he are in South Africa . Why? Antonio Alfredo Cuna left his television set behind Looking for what? Chibuto - Gaza for the enjoyment of the "Our country finds itself students and the professors as in a very difficult situation a remembrance. due to the armed bandits . Who "However, the school's will defend the country if director has taken possession Mozambican youth go to South of the television set and this Africa? Who will defend the has caused many negative family of Armando if he is in feelings . The television has South Africa? In Nassunji, now become for the personal young people who are use of the director . And when registered for the draft " I am writing to TEMPO we ask him about it, he always desert just to go to South magazine in an attempt to answers - Wait a little while Africa to be 'magaizas' (local express my thanks for the because I'm still looking at term for thoes who return from tremendous efforts demon- it . South Africa loaded down with strated by Mama Simango who is "Why does he deprive us goods) ." a servent at the Military in this manner? Could it be Hospital in Maputo . I am a that the person who left the Macario Vasco Moremo member of Armed Force of television did something Quelimane Mozambique, stationed in wrong? Why can he, as the Beira . director, not watch television "During the days in which with us as students and I was laying in the hopital, I teachers? What will become of observed all of the servents, our television set?" "I am in agreement with but I never saw a servent as the Ministry of Defense on the exemplary as her . Mama Simango fulfilling of draft require- is the only servent in the Students of Jecua Secundary ments within the phase Military Hospital who really School established by law . But there worries about the health of Jecau - Manica are some problemsb and I feel agitated when I think about this point .

NOVA MANEIRA DE CANDONGAR ECONOMIC PLAN ms'E PE6A~e (Continued from page 2) ME&QR .

concentrate on mother and chid health care programs. The fisca deficit continues with a planned income of about $487 million dollars and an expenditure of about $667 million dollars. Forty-two percent of the expenditure amount goes to defense, an increase_ of nine percent over last year. Speaking of the large amount that must be spent each year to fight the MNR, Minister Baltazar said, "the country has to make this effort despite the heavy sacrifices involved, so that the life of our citizens can be restored to normal ." n "Take it or leave it. " 10

DIARY EXCERPTS 2 . I also promise the negotiate with Renamo for peace president of Renamo that as For in Mozambique. involvement of South African - I shall not say that I (Continued from page 7) troops in Mozambique's internal was in Mozambique. conflict, I should say that as - I shall say that the soon as we receive orders from President of Renamo is moving SEPTEMBER 14, 19841 my government for my troops to from one side to the other, we 9/12/84 Our head of delegation go and fight in Mozambique are going to negotiate peace, went out during the morning . In against Renamo, all the since the fact that South order to mollify the South generals, my colleagues and Africa has been supporting African government, he myself will resign from the Renamo is not going to solve requested a meeting with some armed forces. the problem, as we know that country. 6. We, the South African Renamo has international Military, guarantee the passage support and it is impossible to SEPTEMBER 17, 1984 of Renamo men in SA or transit, stop it . They will install microphones in case of need. - I shall mention the in the negotiating room to 7. I am asking H .E . to proposal of negoiations not listen in on the talks between inform me of the situation of saying that Machel refused the Pick Botha and the Mozambican the two Russians still in negotiations, since S .A . wants delegation ; it will be very Renamo's hands ; because lots of to play a very important role. advantageous For us . In this organizations are putting We want to make FRELIMO enter way, we will know Pick Botha's pressures on us and want to into negotiations . This . will plan and FRELIMO's . This was know the Russians' situation, make FRELIMO lose its guaranteed to us by Uanikerke, the International Red Cross for diplomatic weight. SS colonel in SA. example asking for the two Russians . And we South Africans SEPTEMBER 26, 1984 are not able to explain the President: At 2 :00, H . E . had a meeting situation. with Major Dunbry of the South Tne ANC having left African Military Intelligence Mozambique does not mean that For Mozambique . He gave a President: FRELIMO doesn't support it, it military briefing on their H .E . gave an immediate supports it activitily, there- montoring and information they reply on point 7, saying that fore Renamo is a friend of have gathered . In paticilar he could tell General Uisloen South Africa's. Major Dubry gave us the particularly for his own We were friends in the position of the foreign information alone and for NO past and today we must be soldiers From the Eastern bloc ONE else : the Russians are friends. who are in Mozambique, dead-no longer exist . We can I will certainly follow including Zimbabwean and say don't think any more about the advise the minister gave Tanzanian forces. the Russians because they me, our problem is diplomacy. aren ' t there, they have gone into the abyss, the triumph of GENERAL PLAN No 1 OF 24 Marxism-Leninism. Louis Nel: FEBRUARY lSO± I shall meet with Evo and 1. Destroy the Mozambican he will come on the 7/18/85 . I economy in rural zones. Charles: will tell him how I spoke with 2. Destroy the communications For us South African the president. routes to prevent exports and military Lousis Nel is the most imports to and from abroad, and honest of the South African the movement of domestic politicians. President: produce. I would suggest to Mr. 3. Prevent the activities of President that he doesn't let I repeat that I am very Foreigners Ccooperantes) Louis Nel hear about the pleased, and shall take the because they are the most training that the doctors and message of these talks to our dangerous in the recovery of Greling did here inside. cadre's. the economy.

Louis Nel: Louis Nel: I shall tell him CUeloso) if they do not accept The President should be talks the war will go on for discreet. MINUTES OF MEETINGS many years . I shall speak so as to leave the idea that Renamo Uanikerke : I am also bringing has assistance abroad . I shall President: Mr . President a message From say that Renamo is a our Armed Forces Chief, General self-reliant movement . I shall Renamo is discreet . When I Uisloen: say that I invited Renamo in speak of cadres I mean those 1 . Greetings to His order to know the current war who are here . It means that I Excellency . I assure Mr. situation in Mozambique. shall explain to them . So that President that Renamo still has - We are going to act as they know we have South African friends in the South African if Renamo has military support friends. military . I hope that Mr. abroad, President understands the -But Renamo has no Louis Nel: difficulties that we South foreign support but has the African soldiers have with out - total support of its people . On I believe that good will politians . this basis we are going to come of i t . s 11

V survivors * * * * 3e 4e THREE YOUNG MEN CHANGED BY PICKiNG UP THE PIECES G ORONGOSA (Taken from articles by "I decided to escape Even though he had Jacinto Khossa appearing in because life was very bad. suceeded in rescusing his TEMPO magazine) There was a lot of suffering. father he wasn't satisfied . He My mother and others knew that something - more had Domingos Matchissa was cultivated crops and when they to be done about the rest of born in Gorongosa District . In gathered their crops the his family . So he went to see 1979 he was nine years old and bandits took it all . I was the military commander and was in the third grade . He very hungry ." declared that he knew where climbed trees, played and led Without even saying good- the base of the bandits was a' life with his parents bye to his parents he located . He answered all of similar to young boys his age disappeared . He ran away to their questions and after- all over the country . Then the Vila of Gorongosa where he wards, led the Mozambican came the bandits. received food and clothing. Armed Forces to the village He saw a 'man his father's Even though he was free he where the MNR bandits hid out. age killed because he refused couldn't relax because he When asked if he wasn't afraid to take food to the MADJIBAS remembered how the others were to ed the way for sodiers (MNR collaborators) food he suffering . He left the vila who might have been fired on didn't have . The little food and returned to the wooded before they arrived, he that his father gathered in area near the occupied village answered, "Yes, I felt afraid. his fields was taken by the he had fled. But I was also fbull of anger. MNR bandits . The armed bandits "When I arrived there I Much of my' family was still began to appear more and more hid in the woods until night there and I wanted them to frequently and life changed - came . At night I went to see also come out alive ." for Domingos and the entire my father who I convinced to As the lives of former village . The days of climbing leave that night . We arrived MNR prisoners began to return trees and playing ended. at the vila in the morning to normal, Domingas' thoughts And time passed . Things time . I presented him to those once again returned to school. that happened changed him in charge . They gave him He is now fifteen years old. forever . One of these was clothes, food and a place to As school started in February, seeing his girlfriend raped by build . We already have a house one of the MNR bandits . here in the vila ." (Continued on page 14)

AIR CRASH KILLS 44

A military plane crashed after take-off from Pemba in Cabo Delgado killing forty-four passengers and the crew . The crash, which occured place on March 30th, left five pas- sengers alive but very badly burned. The flight was headed to Mueda also in Cabo Delgado. Aboard were many government and party officials and their families, including many children . Among the dead was a member of the Central Committee, a member of the People's Assembly and Maria Chipande, wife of the Minister of Defense Alberto Chipande. General Chipande is also the Political Bureau member responsible for the province of Cabo Delgado. The cause of the accident, Children recently 'freed from MNR occupation return to school and which is being investigated, is play . thought to have been technical .. 12

MOZAMBICAN NOTES Machel Visits the U .S.A. Newsletter Editors and Contributors: investments, technology and businessmen to discuss the transfer of scientific investment opportunities. John Cohn know-how which could benifit In both Washington and Jim Cason the country's enormous New York, President Machel met Mike Fleshman economic potential . with groups of long-time Allen Isaacman on the next day, supporters . On the way back to Melba Kgositsile President Machel spoke before Mozambique, President Machel Jeanne Raisler a group at the Center of met with Britain's Prime Deborah Shanks International Stategic Studies Minster Thatcher, the Italian Atiba Wesa at Georgetown University, President and Prime Minister Roberta Washington where he stressed that as well as the Pope. "apartheid should not be Mozambican officials gen- reformed, but eradicated," and erally considered that their that peace could not exist in meetings with Washington the area while the apartheid officials were positive and NEW regime existed . In his speech ayed the groundwork for before the United Nations, future bilateral cooperation Machel again stressed the need between the two countries . But ELECTIONS for the world to concentrate the visit and reception by the After several postpone- on ending apartheid and administration of Mozambique's ments and delays, it was securing the independence of president must be viewed in announced that the second Namibia to guarantee peace and the context of the Reagan national general election will develop- ment in the southern Administration's total south- be held in 1986 . Foreign African region . ern African policy. Minister Joaquim Chissano made Many of the official For the Mozambicans the the annoucement at the encounters were with groups question is not a question of December meeting of the made up of some conservatives an East-West conflict but National People's Assembly. who were adamantely against rather if a small, young, Elections should have been Machel's welcome by President Black country has the right to held in 1982, five years after Reagan . But the trip also choose its own path, its own the country's first election included meetings with friends and defend its in 1977 . The election was southern African activists and independence . While the Mozam- postponed in the hopes that supporters . In Washington, bican government seeks the military situation in the President Machel met with positive relations with the country would improve and that Randall Robinson, the Exe- United States, they are not people would be able to vote cutive Director of looking for new masters . As in an atomoshere of calm . But TransAfrica, an African lobby Samara Machel stated during a as prospects for quickly group, as well as with members television interview following ending the conflict dimmed, it of the Black Cauaus . In his visit, "I've only ever had was decided that elections Atlanta, President Machel had one boss in my life, and that could not be delayed further. long conversations with Mayor was Portuguese colonialism. In Mozambique, each lo- Andrew Young, visited the King don't intend to have any other cality votes on members of its Center and met with bosses .". community to serve as its representatives at the locality's People Assembly . In 1977, these meetings where the nominations were made were characterized by lively discussions and debate about the candidate ' s ability to represent his or her neighbors. For many women who had made important contributions to their community it was an opportunity to be recognized by their peers as leaders . In some cases men who had assumed that they were the unofficial leaders of the village because of wealth or pre-colonial status found themselves out in the cold . The elections presented an opportunity for residents to reject and deny power to those who they felt did not have their best interest at heart . Although the elections were held during the time of raids by Smith's President Machel with supporters in New York . (Continued on page .16)

PICKING UP THE PIECES (Continued from page 12) he tried to pick up where he geography . The aim of the . But in reality after geography classes is to put left off things in a national context, life with the ba.Adits, things can never be quite the same. so that they can understand that they are part of people whose domain extents from Rovuma to Maputo . " Chico Dolis Toma is 25 Most of the children are years old . He was born in from 9 to 14 years old . Among . He began them are children who until teaching when he was eighteen recently had never seen a years old . He was trained as white person . Few of them an adult education supervisor understand Portuguese, Toma and worked as a supervisor for observed . The children are a short time outside his without an understanding of district before asking to their country or the world. return to Cheringoma as a The government offers what teacher . There was a shortage assistance it can to Tomo . But of teachers in his hometown. the truth is that teachers Armed bandits from MNR like Chico Tomo are expected entered the area on June 25, to be highly self-reliant. 1985 . One of their aims that "We have to gain time", day was to capture Chico Dolis Tomo commented, "these Toma, the teacher . The bandits children are very behind . And Moses Mabhida searched for him but couldn't after starting the school find him. year, we have to organize "The armed bandits burnt classes in literacy and adult my house down . For three weeks education ." MABHIDA DIES I slept in the woods . With me For teachers like Chico were four couples . .After this Tomo there is always plenty of IN MAPUTO I managed to leave the zone. work in Mozambique . We headed towards Marromeu where we arrived four days later . In Marromeu we caught a Moses Mabhida, the Secre- boat which first took us to " My name is Lucas Faela, tary-General of the South Luabo, and then on to Beira. I am 15 years old and I come Communist Party of South We arrived in Beira on August from Canda . I studied up to Africa, Vice-President of the 1, 1985 ." the 3th grade . I lived with my Congress of South Africans Tomo went to the parents when the bandits Unions (SACTU) and a member of Provincial Office of Education arrived and told my parents the Executive of the ANC, died in Beira and asked for new they wanted to take me with on March 8 in Maputo . The orders. them . My father refused and cause of death was believed to "I went to their office they killed him . They took me have been a heart attack. after the assault on 'Casa to their base, but I escaped According to an ANC Banana' and received orders to from there and returned home. communique, Mr . Mabhida's come to Gorongosa where you In the day I stayed in the health had not been good since find me today . There are 1,521 woods and only returned to the last year. children under my care here. house at night . One day they During his 25 years in These are children - the returned to question my mother exile, he has held various majority of whom, only know the about where I was. positions of leadership in the name of the zone where they "She said I was not ANC, including that of lived against their will with there . They told her to give commissario of "Umkhonto we the armed bandits . For them, them food . She said that she Sizwe", the military wing of the world is this little piece didn't have any . So they set the ANC . Mr . Mabhida is of land ." the house on fire . I ran out referred to in the communique "Actually we are giving in fear . They saw me and shoot as "one of the grande classes now in political my mother . She died exactly revolutionaries of South education and a little where she fell . I was fourteen Africa" . He was born in 1923 then . They took me to their in the South African district base and told me that I would of and joined the trade be a 'madjiba' (collaborator) union movement early . He TOURS TO MOZAMBIQUE for them or they would kill joined the South African me ." Communist Party in 1942 and Our Developing World in Lucas Faela is just once was Vice-President of the ANC California is organizing their of the thousands freed with in Natal during the 50's. second summer study tour to the capturing of Gorongosa. Moses Mabhida left South Mozambique . For more infor- But life will never be the Africa in 1960, with the mation contact Our Developing same for him and thousands objective of mobilizing inter- World, 13004 Pasea Presada, like him who lived the the national public opinion for Saratoga, California 95070 . terror of the MNR . m the isolation of "apartheid " . n 14

THE MEANING OF U .S . AID TO UNITA now have the rare experience of being on the same side of (ContinuedContinued from page 3) issue as Reagan . Or are Namibia into Angola . Angola, total eradication of apartheid they? Remembering Grenada and feeling its existence and have given their support the official policies towards threatened, called on friends to the principal liberation Nicaragua and Angola, some - Cubans - to assist them . movements in southern African wonder if the Peope's Many observers believe that it - SWAPO and the ANC . The peace Republic of Mozambique is the has been the presence of these and tranquillity of both one Marxist-Leninist country troops which has prevented countries has been shattered, in the third world deemed more extensive take-overs by with thousands maimed and worthy of existence by the South African and UNITA troops killed each year by groups White House and the State (although South Africa and armed by South Africa. Department? UNITA forces have at times President Reagan's con- Perhaps it would be help - occupied as much as 30% of the servative friends ask how it ful here, to understand the country's terrority) . is that he is an enthusiatic differences between Mozam - Angola supports the supporter of all those other bique and Angola . Mozambique Namibian freedom fighters - groups which they consider has no oil or other sought SWAPO . Although the indepen- this century's new freedom after commodity which would dence of Namibia has been fighters - the Contras in allow it to hold out eco - mandated by the United Nations Nicaruara, the armed opposi - nomically against a continual since 1978, the South African tion in Afganistan and UNITA military and terrorist regime, which continues to in Angola, and neglect to onslaught . Mozambique signed govern the country, has made support the MNR. the Nkomati Accord with South the removal of Cuban troops in President Reagan is pre- Africa, which was strongly Angola a pre-condition to the sently seeking $100 million to supported by the U .S. independence of Namibia . give the Contras to aid them administration and ultimately While the histories, in their fight against the cut back publicly its material geographical realitites and Marxist regime of Nicarguara. support of the ANC . Mo- economical situations of Shortly after the visit of zambique, unlike Angola, has Mozambique and Angola are Jonas Savimbi, the Admini- been the victim of some of the different, there are many stration announced that $15 decade's most devastating similaries between the two million would be made natural disasters - floods and governments . Both are governed available to UNITA for covert droughts. by Marxist parties, which as action . But while there are In addition, Mozambique liberation fronts, led their several bills in congressional has deliberatey sought to people's fight against committees which propose improve its relationship with Portuguese colonialism . Both giving the MNR $5 milion, the the United States because it countries are primary targets White House has not announced sees the White House as key in of the South African regime any support for these bills or influencing South Africa's which have bombed, invaded- plans of its own to provide behavior . It may be that the and in the case of Angola - support for the MNR in the Reagan administration sees actually occupied its ter- near future. Mozambique, as ripe for that ritory . Both countries support Those who support Mozam- oft-spoken of 'turn to the the total liberation of bique do not believe that the West' without additional southern African, have been MNR is deserving of U .S . or military pressure. vocal in pressing for the other international aid . They For Mozambique's govern - ment, the choices are few . The question becomes how to N K0MAT I ACCORD (Continued from page 1) maintain its independence while cultivating a rela- tionship with the United Maputo . On February 24 seven meeting was requested by the States which would encourage people were killed and twenty South Africans . According to Reagan to support Mozambique's wounded when MNR bandits the Mozambican News Agency, position vis-a-vis South attacked a bus on the road "the two sides analized the Africa. between Maputo and the resort causes of the non-compliance But when the Admini- town of Namaacha . Bandits also of the accord and elaborated stration realizes utimately sabotaged power lines plunging proposals to guarantee its that Mozambique can not be the city into darkness . And in actual implementation . " It is coaxed, battered, terrorized February a young man lost his assumed that the Mozambican or bribed into following a foot and a seven year old boy delegation, headed by Minister script written by the White lost his leg when they stepped Jacinto Veloso, presented new House, will Mozambique find on landmines placed near charges of South African itself fighting a U .S. Maputo's popular Indian violation of the accord . equipped MNR? Ocean-front beach . The terror In a radio interview back What Savimbi's visit is no longer confined to the in Johannesburg, Foreign proves is that the U .S. rural areas. Minister Botha speculated that administration is willing to After months of official the Accord was "alive and do what it considers necessary silience, South African well" . But if the sabotage and - including prolonging terror officials went to Maputo in fighting goes on as before and bloodshed - in order tc late February to discuss ways there is little chance that topple a government it has of investigating violations of the Mozambicans will again decided should no longer the non- agression accord . The have faith in the Accord . exist .* 15

NEW ELECTIONS (Continued from page 13) Rhodesian Army, the level of terrorism was not as pronounced or widespread. Since that historical election some used the new local assembly groups to make badly needed changes and improvements in their communities . Those deputies who have been most vocal and visible became MNR targets. Local assemblies in other areas hardly function at all, with few meetings of the assembly being called and few of the decisions taken acted on . Without fresh elections there is no way to effec - tively insure the account- ability of elected officials. Those residents elected for the local assemblies elect from amoung themselves the representatives to the District People's Assemblies and in turn these representatives or deputies elect the members of the Provincial Assemblies . The deputies to the National People's Assembly are elected by . the representatives to the Provincial Assemblies . It is the National People's Assembly which acts as a electoral college for the presidential election. In President Machel's remarks regarding the upcoming elections he emphasized that they are "going to require a THE STRUGGLE CONTINUES tremendous effort ." He stated that in order for the elections to be successful, iii t Ii -ice "there must be a generalized offensive against all bandits - armed and unarmed" (unarmed Please enter my subscription to Mozambican Notes for one year. refers to black marketeers, Individuals $12 .00 . Institutions $15 .00 speculators and others who 0 benifit from the hard times at the expense of the majority). I would like to receive a copy of Mozambique: From Colonialism to A fourteen member 0 Revolution 1900-1982 by Allen and Barbara Isaacman, offered to new national committee was Mozambican Notes subscribers for $8 .00 ($11 .95 in bookstores). appointed to supervise the upcoming elections . The chairman is Oscar Monteiro, the Minister of Interior . Two other ministers serve as Total enclosed $ officers of the committee with Add $7 .00 for air mail subscriptions. one representative from each province and Maputo City Name rounding out the committee. The President stressed his Address hope that the elections would not be a "mere electoral execise" but would be a "high City, State, Zip point" in carrying out the three slogans of the Fourth Please clip and return to The Mozambique Resource Center, Party Congress - Defend the P.O.Box 2006, Madison Sq. Station, New York, N.Y. 10159. Country! Defeat Under-Develop- ment! n ire 16 (Continued on page 13)