Phonology of Deori: an ‘Endangered’ Language
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Glottal Stop Initials and Nasalization in Sino-Vietnamese and Southern Chinese
Glottal Stop Initials and Nasalization in Sino-Vietnamese and Southern Chinese Grainger Lanneau A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts University of Washington 2020 Committee: Zev Handel William Boltz Program Authorized to Offer Degree: Asian Languages and Literature ©Copyright 2020 Grainger Lanneau University of Washington Abstract Glottal Stop Initials and Nasalization in Sino-Vietnamese and Southern Chinese Grainger Lanneau Chair of Supervisory Committee: Professor Zev Handel Asian Languages and Literature Middle Chinese glottal stop Ying [ʔ-] initials usually develop into zero initials with rare occasions of nasalization in modern day Sinitic1 languages and Sino-Vietnamese. Scholars such as Edwin Pullyblank (1984) and Jiang Jialu (2011) have briefly mentioned this development but have not yet thoroughly investigated it. There are approximately 26 Sino-Vietnamese words2 with Ying- initials that nasalize. Scholars such as John Phan (2013: 2016) and Hilario deSousa (2016) argue that Sino-Vietnamese in part comes from a spoken interaction between Việt-Mường and Chinese speakers in Annam speaking a variety of Chinese called Annamese Middle Chinese AMC, part of a larger dialect continuum called Southwestern Middle Chinese SMC. Phan and deSousa also claim that SMC developed into dialects spoken 1 I will use the terms “Sinitic” and “Chinese” interchangeably to refer to languages and speakers of the Sinitic branch of the Sino-Tibetan language family. 2 For the sake of simplicity, I shall refer to free and bound morphemes alike as “words.” 1 in Southwestern China today (Phan, Desousa: 2016). Using data of dialects mentioned by Phan and deSousa in their hypothesis, this study investigates initial nasalization in Ying-initial words in Southwestern Chinese Languages and in the 26 Sino-Vietnamese words. -
The Position of Enggano Within Austronesian
7KH3RVLWLRQRI(QJJDQRZLWKLQ$XVWURQHVLDQ 2ZHQ(GZDUGV Oceanic Linguistics, Volume 54, Number 1, June 2015, pp. 54-109 (Article) 3XEOLVKHGE\8QLYHUVLW\RI+DZDL L3UHVV For additional information about this article http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/ol/summary/v054/54.1.edwards.html Access provided by Australian National University (24 Jul 2015 10:27 GMT) The Position of Enggano within Austronesian Owen Edwards AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY Questions have been raised about the precise genetic affiliation of the Enggano language of the Barrier Islands, Sumatra. Such questions have been largely based on Enggano’s lexicon, which shows little trace of an Austronesian heritage. In this paper, I examine a wider range of evidence and show that Enggano is clearly an Austronesian language of the Malayo-Polynesian (MP) subgroup. This is achieved through the establishment of regular sound correspondences between Enggano and Proto‒Malayo-Polynesian reconstructions in both the bound morphology and lexicon. I conclude by examining the possible relations of Enggano within MP and show that there is no good evidence of innovations shared between Enggano and any other MP language or subgroup. In the absence of such shared innovations, Enggano should be considered one of several primary branches of MP. 1. INTRODUCTION.1 Enggano is an Austronesian language spoken on the southernmost of the Barrier Islands off the west coast of the island of Sumatra in Indo- nesia; its location is marked by an arrow on map 1. The genetic position of Enggano has remained controversial and unresolved to this day. Two proposals regarding the genetic classification of Enggano have been made: 1. -
THE NATURE of VARIATION in TONE SANDHI PATTERNS of SHANGHAI and WUXI WU by Hanbo Yan Submitted to the Graduate Degree Program In
THE NATURE OF VARIATION IN TONE SANDHI PATTERNS OF SHANGHAI AND WUXI WU By © 2016 Hanbo Yan Submitted to the graduate degree program in Linguistics and the Graduate Faculty of the University of Kansas in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. ________________________________ Chairperson Dr. Jie Zhang ________________________________ Dr. Allard Jongman ________________________________ Dr. Joan Sereno ________________________________ Dr. Annie Tremblay ________________________________ Dr. Yan Li Date Defended: 05/11/2016 ii The Dissertation Committee for Hanbo Yan certifies that this is the approved version of the following dissertation: THE NATURE OF VARIATION IN TONE SANDHI PATTERNS OF SHANGHAI AND WUXI WU ________________________________ Chairperson Dr. Jie Zhang Date approved: 05/26/2016 iii Abstract The primary goal of this dissertation is to understand the variation patterns in suprasegmental processes and what factors influence the patterns. To answer the questions, we investigated the variation patterns of tone sandhi in the Shanghai and Wuxi Wu dialects of Chinese. Shanghai disyllables and trisyllables have been documented to have two different sandhi patterns: tonal extension and tonal reduction. Some items can only undergo tonal extension, some items can only undergo tonal reduction, and some can variably undergo either type of sandhi. Previous works have indicated that the syntactic structure, semantic transparency, and lexical frequency of the items all play a role in the sandhi application. Additionally, the morpheme length of trisyllabic items (1+2, 2+1) is also expected to affect their sandhi application. A variant forms’ goodness rating experiment, together with a lexical frequency rating experiment and a semantic transparency rating experiment, showed that syntactic structure has a primary effect on sandhi application in general. -
Abstract Assam Is a Multilinguistic State Where Various Tribes Speaking Different Languages to Different Languages Families Reside
Online International Interdisciplinary Research Journal, {Bi-Monthly}, ISSN 2249-9598, Volume-09, Issue-02, Mar-Apr 2019 Issue Vowel Phonemes of Turung and Aiton language: A Contrastive Study Nabami Gogoi Assistant professor Department of Assamese Golaghat commerce college Golaghat, assam, India Abstract Assam is a multilinguistic state where various tribes speaking different languages to different languages families reside. The language of the Shymise-Chinese branch from Sino_ Tibetan group of language are known in Assam as the TAI language. The TURUNG and AITON living in Assam are Mongoloid and they belong to the TAI language family. The speakers of both TURUNG and AITON language are residing in many areas of Assam. The study of TURUNG and AITON language is very important because it is found only in spoken form. The new generation is not at all serious about their language. Moreover, though the Turung and Aiton belong to the same language family , there are many similarities and dissimilarities among them. So, this is an attempt to protect, to preserve and develop the TURUNG and AITON language and to highlight the similarities and dissimilarities. KEYWORDS: Turung, Aiton, Phoneme, Contrast, Preserve. INTRODUCTION : North-East India is comprised of eight states and they are Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Nagaland, Manipur, Mizoram, Meghalaya, Sikkim and Tripura. Among all eight states Assam is the biggest state by its area. North east is surrounded by China in the north, Bhutan in the west, Bangladesh in the east and Burma in the South. Assam is a multilingual and multi religious state where we found many languages and dialects to different language families. -
20 December 2002
MON ASH UNIVERSITY THESIS ACCEPTED IN SATISFACTION OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY ON. n . 20 December 2002 Research Graduate Sc'nool Committee Under the copyright Act 1968, this thesis must be used only under the normal conditions of scholarly fair dealing for the purposes of research, criticism or review. In particular no results or conclusions should be extracted from it, nor should it be copied or closely paraphrased in whole or in part without the written consent of the author. Proper written acknowledgement should be made for any assistance obtained from this thesis. ERRATA p 255 para 2, 3rd line. "Furthermore" for "Furthemore" p 257 para 2, 3rd line: "the Aitons" for "The Aitons" th p xiii para 5,4 line: "compiled" for "complied" p 269 para 1, 1* line: omit "see" nd p xvii para 1, 2 line: "other" for "othr" p 293 para 1, 3rd line: "not" for "nor" rd p xix para 8, 3 line: omit *ull stop after "the late" p 301 para 1, 4th line: "post-modify" for "post-modifier" rd p 5 para 5, 3 line: "bandh is often" for "bandh often" p 306 example (64), 6th line, "3PI" for "3Sg" th p 21 para 1, 4 line: "led" for "lead" p 324 footnote 61, 2nd line: "whether (76) is a case" for "whether (76) a nd p 29 footnote 21, 2 line: omit one "that" case" st p 34 para 2,1 line: substitute a comma for the full stop p 333 para 1, 3rd line: "as is" for "as does" st p 67 para 3,1 line: "contains" for "contain" p 334 para 1, last line: add final full stop p 71 last para, last line: "the" for "The" p 334 para 2, 1st line: "Example" for "Examples" -
An Ethnic Tribe of Assam
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH CULTURE SOCIETY ISSN: 2456-6683 Volume - 1, Issue - 6, Aug - 2017 ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE TAI-TURUNGS: AN ETHNIC TRIBE OF ASSAM GIRIMOLLIKA HAZARIKA M.PHIL SCHOLAR, DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS, DIBRUGARH UNIVERSITY, DIBRUGARH, ASSAM, INDIA. Email - [email protected] Abstract: It is essential to have an estimate of the economic characteristics of a tribe for its development. The Tai-Buddhist population of Assam comprises of the Tai Khamtis, Tai Phakes, Tai Khamyangs, Tai Turungs and Tai-Aitons. Among these the Tai-Turung is a tribe which has remained neglected from the mainstream. This paper with the help of primary data collected by a multistage sampling technique aims to study the economic characteristics of the Tai-Turungs. The paper finds that their Monthly Per Capita Income (MPCI) and employment level is low, while the dependency ratio is high compared to the nation and the state figures. Key words: Economic Characteristics, Tai-Buddhist, Tai-Turungs, Monthly Per Capita Income, Multistage sampling, Dependency ratio, Employment level. 1. INTRODUCTION: ‘Tai’ is a generic term meaning ‘the free’ or ‘free men’ that represents a major branch of the Mongoloid population of mainland Southeast Asia. In India, the Tai people live in the North East. By the term ‘north-east’ we mean eight states of India viz. Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Tripura and Sikkim. A major part of the ‘Tai’ people of Assam is the ‘Turung’ or ‘Tairung’.According to Gait, (2010) the advent of the Turung people into Assam is believed to have occurred along with General Newbill, following which they started living in Toklai, Jorhat. -
The Naga Language Groups Within the Tibeto-Burman Language Family
TheNaga Language Groups within the Tibeto-Burman Language Family George van Driem The Nagas speak languages of the Tibeto-Burman fami Ethnically, many Tibeto-Burman tribes of the northeast ly. Yet, according to our present state of knowledge, the have been called Naga in the past or have been labelled as >Naga languages< do not constitute a single genetic sub >Naga< in scholarly literature who are no longer usually group within Tibeto-Burman. What defines the Nagas best covered by the modern more restricted sense of the term is perhaps just the label Naga, which was once applied in today. Linguistically, even today's >Naga languages< do discriminately by Indo-Aryan colonists to all scantily clad not represent a single coherent branch of the family, but tribes speaking Tibeto-Burman languages in the northeast constitute several distinct branches of Tibeto-Burman. of the Subcontinent. At any rate, the name Naga, ultimately This essay aims (1) to give an idea of the linguistic position derived from Sanskrit nagna >naked<, originated as a titu of these languages within the family to which they belong, lar label, because the term denoted a sect of Shaivite sadhus (2) to provide a relatively comprehensive list of names and whose most salient trait to the eyes of the lay observer was localities as a directory for consultation by scholars and in that they went through life unclad. The Tibeto-Burman terested laymen who wish to make their way through the tribes labelled N aga in the northeast, though scantily clad, jungle of names and alternative appellations that confront were of course not Hindu at all. -
The Lawu Languages
The Lawu languages: footprints along the Red River valley corridor Andrew Hsiu ([email protected]) https://sites.google.com/site/msealangs/ Center for Research in Computational Linguistics (CRCL), Bangkok, Thailand Draft published on December 30, 2017; revised on January 8, 2018 Abstract In this paper, Lawu (Yang 2012) and Awu (Lu & Lu 2011) are shown to be two geographically disjunct but related languages in Yunnan, China forming a previously unidentified sub-branch of Loloish (Ngwi). Both languages are located along the southwestern banks of the Red River. Additionally, Lewu, an extinct language in Jingdong County, may be related to Lawu, but this is far from certain due to the limited data. The possible genetic position of the unclassified Alu language in Lüchun County is also discussed, and my preliminary analysis of the highly limited Alu data shows that it is likely not a Lawu language. The Lawu (alternatively Lawoid or Lawoish) branch cannot be classified within any other known branch or subgroup or Loloish, and is tentatively considered to be an independent branch of Loloish. Further research on Lawu languages and surrounding under-documented languages would be highly promising, especially on various unidentified languages of Jinping County, southern Yunnan. Table of contents Abstract 1. Introduction 2. Lawu 3. Awu 4. Lewu Yao: a possible relative of Lawu 5. Alu: a Lalo language rather than a Lawu language 6. Conclusions 7. Final remarks: suggestions for future research References Appendix 1: Comparative word list of Awu, Lawu, and Proto-Lalo Appendix 2: Phrase list of Lewu Yao Appendix 3: Comparative word list of Yi lects of Lüchun County 1 1. -
Sino-Tibetan Numeral Systems: Prefixes, Protoforms and Problems
Sino-Tibetan numeral systems: prefixes, protoforms and problems Matisoff, J.A. Sino-Tibetan Numeral Systems: Prefixes, Protoforms and Problems. B-114, xii + 147 pages. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1997. DOI:10.15144/PL-B114.cover ©1997 Pacific Linguistics and/or the author(s). Online edition licensed 2015 CC BY-SA 4.0, with permission of PL. A sealang.net/CRCL initiative. PACIFIC LINGUISTICS FOUNDING EDITOR: Stephen A. Wunn EDITORIAL BOARD: Malcolm D. Ross and Darrell T. Tryon (Managing Editors), Thomas E. Dutton, Nikolaus P. Himmelmann, Andrew K. Pawley Pacific Linguistics is a publisher specialising in linguistic descriptions, dictionaries, atlases and other material on languages of the Pacific, the Philippines, Indonesia and southeast Asia. The authors and editors of Pacific Linguistics publications are drawn from a wide range of institutions around the world. Pacific Linguistics is associated with the Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies at the Australian National University. Pacific Linguistics was established in 1963 through an initial grant from the Hunter Douglas Fund. It is a non-profit-making body financed largely from the sales of its books to libraries and individuals throughout the world, with some assistance from the School. The Editorial Board of Pacific Linguistics is made up of the academic staff of the School's Department of Linguistics. The Board also appoints a body of editorial advisors drawn from the international community of linguists. Publications in Series A, B and C and textbooks in Series D are refereed by scholars with re levant expertise who are normally not members of the editorial board. -
North East Indian Linguistics: Volume 3. Reviewed by Nathan W. Hill
134 EBHR-40 North East Indian Linguistics: Volume 3. Edited by Gwendolyn Hyslop, Stephen Morey, and Mark W. Post. New Delhi: Cambridge University Press India Pvt. Ltd. 2011. 253+xxii pages, ISBN 9788175967939. Reviewed by Nathan W. Hill This is the third volume of proceedings resulting from the annual International Conference of the North East Indian Linguistics Society. The third meeting took place at the Don Bosco Institute in Guwahati (Assam) in 2008.1 The book is divided into six sections: ‘the View from Manipur’, ‘the Sal Group’, ‘Tibeto-Burman nominalization’, ‘Tani’, ‘Eastern Indo- Aryan’ and ‘Austroasiatic’, the number of papers in a given section ranging from one to four. Morphology predominates among the themes; the majority of papers study a specific morpheme or grammatical category in one language: ca in Marma (Kuziwara, chapter 7), ke- and ka- in Karbi (Konnerth, chapter 8), -ə in Mising (Pegu, chapter 10), person marking prefixes in Purum (Sharma and H. T. Singh, chapter 1), agreement markers in Tangsa (Morey, chapter 6), deictic markers in Tani languages (Post, chapter 9). These papers offer tantalising glimpses into many interesting phenomena, inspiring the hope that their authors will proceed to study other morphemes in these languages with equal clarity and detail. Morey’s treatment of agreement markers in the three Tangsa languages Cholim, Locchang and Moklum stands out as a highlight among the morphological chapters. The discussion of Cholim and Locchang is based on Morey’s own fieldwork and that of Moklum on Das Gupta (1980). In addition to the anticipated tables of paradigms and example sentences, Morey provides wave forms of verbal complexes to support his analysis of morphological structure (pages 84, 93). -
A Study from the Perspectives of Shared Innovation
SUBGROUPING OF NISOIC (YI) LANGUAGES: A STUDY FROM THE PERSPECTIVES OF SHARED INNOVATION AND PHYLOGENETIC ESTIMATION by ZIWO QIU-FUYUAN LAMA Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Texas at Arlington in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT ARLINGTON May 2012 Copyright © by Ziwo Qiu-Fuyuan Lama 2012 All Rights Reserved To my parents: Qiumo Rico and Omu Woniemo Who have always wanted me to stay nearby, but they have also wished me to go my own way! ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The completion of this dissertation could not have happened without the help of many people; I own much gratitude to these people and I would take this moment to express my heartfelt thanks to them. First, I wish to express my deep thanks to my supervisor, Professor Jerold A Edmondson, whose guidance, encouragement, and support from the beginning to the final page of this dissertation. His direction showed me the pathway of the writing of this dissertation, especially, while working on chapter of phylogenetic study of this dissertation, he pointed out the way to me. Secondly, I would like to thank my other committee members: Dr. Laurel Stvan, Dr. Michael Cahill, and Dr. David Silva. I wish to thank you very much for your contribution to finishing this dissertation. Your comments and encouragement were a great help. Third, I would like to thank my language informants and other people who helped me during my field trip to China in summer 2003, particularly ZHANF Jinzhi, SU Wenliang, PU Caihong, LI Weibing, KE Fu, ZHAO Hongying, ZHOU Decai, SHI Zhengdong, ZI Wenqing, and ZUO Jun. -
LCSH Section I
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