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Ambassador Richard W. Boehm The Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training Foreign Affairs Oral History Project AMBASSADOR RICHARD W. BOEHM Interviewed by: Charles Stuart Kennedy Initial interview date: June 27, 1994 Copyright 199 ADST TABLE OF CONTENTS Background Born in Queen New York 1926 (amaica High School Army armored division Germany 194,-1946 Adelphi .ollege graduated 19,0 0ngland France 1941-1949 2erits of G.I. Bill Prentice Hall Publishing .ompany 2utual Insurance .ompany Foreign Service 06amination process Appointed to the Foreign Service December 19,4 2otivations to enter the Foreign Service New Division 19,,-19,6 Henry Suydam head Role of Division News-tickers service 8iaison with the bureau of Near 0astern Affairs 9sort of assistant spokesman: Department of State;s relationship with the press .old war issues Foreign Service Institute 19,6 A <100 course .onsular course Schott 2c8eod & Frank Auerbach Naha Okinawa 19,6-19,1 (unior vice-consul Organization people in the consular unit 8iving in Okinawa Report on 9Revisionist sentiment among the Okinawans: Reaction of American military command to report 1 Hamburg West Germany 19,9 Assistant General Service Officer German language school Frankfurt West Berlin West Germany 19,9-1962 0conomic Section 19,9-1960 Driving on the autobahn to West Berlin Khrushchev;s ultimatum 0conomy population government of West Berlin Prohibited manufacture and sales of goods for military use Question of dual use items French position Access to 0ast Berlin No contact with 0ast German authorities A.S. policy on 0ast Germany 0conomic developments in 0ast Germany 9Inter-Bonal Trade: Disparity between 0ast and West German economic situations Possibility of Soviet attack on West Berlin fear of nuclear war Disparity of Soviet attack on West Berlin fear of nuclear war .oncerns about change in A.S. Presidential Administrations 0leanor Dulles Staff aide to Allan 8ightner 1960-1961 Access officer Political Section 1961-1962 Access on the Autobahn Question of Allied flights in the air corridors President Kennedy;s speech summer 1961 commitment to W. Berlin President Kennedy;s appearance with Khrushchev at Cienna 0ast Germanys; leaving 0ast Berlin for the West Building of the wall & American and West Berliner;s reaction Autobahn crisis General 8ucius .lay Tank confrontation at .heckpoint .harlie Air corridor crises Impression of Willi Brandt Working relationship between the allies in Berlin A.S. communication between Berlin Bonn and Washington General .lay and the road to Steinstuecken Family life in Berlin children in German schools Bureau of Intelligence and Analysis 1962-196, Western 0urope DR0AE Berlin and NATO affairs Skybolt .risis and meeting between 2acmillan and Kennedy French reaction to the A.S. sale of Polaris missiles to the British Role of INR Information gathering at INR 2 INR;s conclusion regarding France and NATO De Gaulle;s demand for General Danalli;s ouster from NATO Defense .ollege NATO Defense .ollege 0ffects of France;s withdrawal from NATO;s military structure Assessment of Soviet threat .IA and DIA reports Bureau of 0uropean Affairs 196,-1966 Officer in .harge of NATO Political Affairs Office of regional Political 2ilitary Affairs Idea of a multilateral Force D28FE 2r. Boehm;s report in opposition to the idea while at INR North Atlantic .ouncil;s move out of Paris to Brussels Importance of Germany to NATO Idea of German reunification German efforts to reconcile with the French Berlin as Soviet;s 9undigested lump in the middle of 0ast Germany: 8u6embourg 1966-1961 D.2 Ambassador Patricia Roberts Harris Political vs. career ambassadors Importance of gaining confidence of political ambassadors as D.2 Pro-American feeling in 8u6embourg 8u6embourg;s position on the French withdrawal from NATO 8u6embourg;s relationship with Germans and Belgians Anti <American demonstrations against the Cietnam War National War .ollege 1961-1969 Obsession with Cietnam among classmates at War .ollege Bureau of 0conomic Affairs 1969-1971 Public affairs officer Te6tiles from 0ast Asia 0uropean orientation of 2r. Boehm;s career Ankara Turkey 1971-1974 Political-2ilitary .ounselor Ambassador Bill Handley Situation in Turkey High competence of officials in Turkish Foreign 2inistry Renegotiation of the Defense and 0conomic .ooperation Agreement Turkish concern over sovereignty 9Polish-2ilitary most favored nation position: regarding concessions Turkish views on the Soviets and NATO 3 Greek views on the Turks Soviet desire to dominate the Turkish straits and Turkish cancers Turkish views on AS Arms sales to Iran Israel 0gypt Kurdish situation Armenian Guestion and effect on A.S.-turkey relations Demand of Armenian-American lobby Turkish position on the deaths of Armenian in 191, Armenian efforts to get a section at the A.S. holocaust 2useum .yrus .risis Greek policy of enosis anne6ation of .yprus by Greece A.S. views on the crisis Turkish invasion of .yprus & their legal 9right to do so: Greek lobby Gerald Smith and 2ultilateral Force Bangkok Thailand 1974-1976 Political <military officer Political-military situation in Thailand 0vacuation of Americans and A.S. 0mbassy Phnom Penh and Saigon Personal .ontacts with Thai 2ilitary General Kriangsak .homanan Role of the Thai royal family .orruption in the Thai military Thai policy of 9bending with the wind: and fle6ible borders Removal of A.S. bases from Thailand Possible communist threats to Thailand Ambassador William Kintner 2r. Boehm;s e6pectation of becoming D.2 Ambassador .harles Whitehouse 2r. Boehm;s views on appropriate posture of the military Bangkok as center for se6 0fforts to educate A.S. ten-age kids about drugs Ciews f Thailand as a falling domino Thai way of dealing with outside threats Inability of .ambodia 8aos Cietnam to pose a threat Hamilton .ollege 1976-1977 Diplomat-in-residence Inspector general of Assistance Role and abolition of office Inspection of A.S. 0mbassy 2anila Kathmandu Nepal 1971-1910 D.2 Political situation 4 A.S. interest Ambassador Doug Heck and 0rnie Heck A.S. embassy and Nepalese government Human rights 0conomic conditions in Nepal A.S. AID Swiss projects Gurkhas India and Nepal .hina and Nepal Political appointee as a new Ambassador to Nepal Ankara Turkey 1910-1913 D.2 Political situation .yprus situation Aegean Sea Issue A.S. military assistance to turkey and Greece Soviet Black Sea Fleet 0ffect of withholding of military ad on Turkish military readiness Soviet threat and Turkish main motive in joining NATO Turkey and Iran-IraG War Alleged human rights abuses in turkey Human rights and Kurdish issue Poppy cultivation and opium 92idnight e6press: case Prisoner e6change treaties Ambassador Robert Strausz-Hupe A.S. Delegation 39th AN general Assembly 1913 Adviser for Bureau of 0uropean Affairs Ambassador (eane Kirkpatrick A.S. position on cutting waste in AN budget Board of 06aminers 1914 .hanges in the selection procedure Personal impression of candidates e6amined Sacrificing meritocracy to have Foreign Service 9look like America: 8ack of general knowledge on part of e6aminees 9Near passes: and minorities .yprus 1914-1917 Ambassador How chosen nomination and confirmation process A.S. Senator Sarbanes 5 Bill Schaufele A.S. interest and concerns in .yprus AN involvement in .yprus A.S. support for AN Secretary-general;s efforts A.S. 0mbassy Nicosia Ambassador;s beach house in Kyrenia D.2 Tom .arolan Political situation Ingredient and obstacles to settling the .yprus problem Turkish and Greek views His 06cellency 2r. Denktash .onfidence-building measures A.S. assistance program in .yprus .ooperation between Greeks and Turks for sewer system in Nicosia A.S. 8everage applied to Turkish .ypriots .oncern of older Turkish .ypriots Turkish .ypriot economy Turkish settlers in .yprus Greek property in Turkish .yprus .ase of Andrew Kasapis Andreas Papandreou 2ainland Greek involvement in .yprus Greek Ambassador in Nicosia British sovereign Base Areas .ypriot government in .yprus Security for A.S. Ambassador Relationship between A.S. 2ission .yprus and 8ebanon Issue concerning A.S. 0mbassy and 0A.O2 Importance of 0mbassy control of operations in foreign country Howard Aniversity 1917-1911 Diplomat-in-residence 0fforts to recruit American-Americans into Foreign Service 8evel of interest in foreign affairs at Howard Oman 1919-1992 Ambassador Nomination and confirmation process Situation in Oman A.S.-Oman military access agreement Oman-Yemeni border Government of Oman .onduction business in Oman A.S. Senator D;Amato 2ilitary construction projects in Oman 6 The Said family History of Oman 2uscat and Banzibar Sultan Qaboos;s upbringing in 0ngland and hopes to modernize A.S. Human rights report Popular participation in government and .ouncil of State 2eeting with the Sultan 8ife of women IraGi invasion of Kuwait Omani-Kuwait relations Desert Shield and Storm and Omani cooperation General Schwarzkopf and effect of victory on A.S. prestige Omani reluctance to severely punish IraG Gulf .ooperation .ouncil IG..) A.S. and Omani relations with IraG and Iran Shia community in Oman Saudi Arabia border issue Future of Oman Retired form Foreign Service 1992 INTERVIEW $: Today is June 27, 1994. This is an interview with Ambassador Richard ). Boehm, being done on behalf of the Association for Diplomatic Studies. I am Charles Stuart Kennedy. Could we start by your giving me a bit about your bac,ground: when and where you were born and something about your family. BO0H2: ILd be glad to. I was born in 1926 in Queens NY which was then thought of as a suburb but which as you know is part of New York .ity. 2y father was a printer who worked all of his life for Hearst Newspapers. 2y mother was a housewife. So I grew up in what you may call a working class or middle class environment in New York .ity in Queens. I went to school there. $: )here did you go to school- BO0H2: I went to the New York .ity public schools for elementary and high school-- (amaica High School might mean something to some people.
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