Transport Statistics Yearbook 2019 Edition Annuaire Statistiques des Transports
TABLE OF CONTENT
PRODUCTION TEAM ...... ii LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ...... iii FOREWORD ...... iv GENERAL INTRODUCTION ...... 6 I. THE AVIATION SECTOR ...... 11 II. THE RAILWAY SECTOR ...... 18 III. THE MARITIME AND PORT SECTOR ...... 22 IV. THE ROAD SECTOR ...... 28 V. SEASONAL CLIMATOLOGICAL FORECAST ...... 35 GRAPHS LIST ...... 43 LIST OF TABLES ...... 44
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i Transport Statistics Yearbook 2019 Edition Annuaire Statistiques des Transports
PRODUCTION TEAM
GENERALSUPERVISION Mr Jean Ernest Massena NGALLE BIBEHE, Minister of Transport. Mr Zakariaou NJOYA, Minister Delegate to the Minister of Transport.
GENERALCOORDINATION Mr Jean Pierre SOH, Secretary General of the Ministry of Transport. Mr MOUSSA DJAFAROU, Inspector General of the Ministry of Transport.
TECHNICALSUPERVISION Mr Joseph Roger NGIDJOI BEA, Head of Division of Studies, Planning, Programming and Cooperation (DEPPCO). TECHNICALCOORDINATION Mr Boniface NGAH EPO, Head of Studies and Statistics Unit (CES). TECHNICAL TEAM
Mr Claude MISSE NTONE, Director of Railway Transport (DTF). Mr Laurent BELINGA ETOUNDI Head of the Division of Civil Aviation (DAC). Mr Simplice TCHINDA TAZO, Director of National Meteorology (DMN). Mr Jean NLEND, Director of Maritime Affairs and Inland Waterways (DAMVN). Mr Divine NKENDONG MBAMOME, Director of Road Transport (DTR). Mr Robert ASANYA MBANWEI, Head of Translation Unit. Dr Jules Médard NANA DJOMO, Assistant Research Officer N°1 (CES). Mr Rostand BOBGA, Assistant Research Officer N°1(CCOOP). Mr Arnaud Brice NKWEMO NOUBISSIE, Assistant Research Officer N°2 (CES). Mrs SUNGUONE née PAFOYOM MEFIRE Aïchetou, Assistant Research Officer N°3 (CES). Mr Rodrigue MBA GUIFFO, Senior Staff (DEPPCO).
ii Transport Statistics Yearbook 2019 Edition Annuaire Statistiques des Transports
LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
Aéroports Du Cameroun ADC National Port Authority APN Land Freight Management Bureau BGFT Cameroon Airlines Corporation Camair-Co Cameroon Civil Aviation Authority (Autorité Aéronautique) CCAA Cameroon Railways Corporation CAMRAIL Cameroon Shipyard and Industrial Engineering Limited CNIC Cameroon National Shippers' Council CNSC Department of General Affairs DAG Department of National Meteorology DMN Department of Maritimes Affairs and Inland Waterways DAMVN Department of Railway Transport DTF Department of Road Transports DTR Division of Civil Aviation DAC Head of Division of Studies, Planning, Programming and DEPPCO Cooperation Single Window for External Trade Operations GUCE High Tech Telesoft HTT International Standard for Port Security ISPS Autonomous Port of Douala PAD Autonomous Port of Kribi PAK Autonomous Port of Limbe PAL Secretary of State for Defence in charge of the National SED Gendarmerie
iii Transport Statistics Yearbook 2019 Edition Annuaire Statistiques des Transports
FOREWORD
he Ministry of Transport has the honour to present the fourth edition of the Transport Statistical Yearbook for the year 2019 T (TRANSTAT-2019). The publication of this edition of the Transport Statistical Yearbook (TRANSTAT 2019), which is the fourth of its kind, is happening in the particular context of the end of the 2016-2018 triennium, which has been extended to 2019, in order to align the budgetary calendar with the new national development strategy, the implementation of which will take effect as from 2020.
It constitutes an important contribution by the Ministry of Transport to the implementation of Cameroon's National Strategy for Statistical Development.
TRANSTAT 2019 provides data in the various transport sub-sectors (aviation, maritime, road and railway) as well as information in the area of meteorology. Like the previous editions, for each sub-sector, it presents analyses on some statistical trends on the one hand and, on the other, summary tables of statistical data. The sources of its data come from technical structures, decentralized services and structures under the technical supervision of the Ministry of Transport, namely: the National Port Authority (APN), the Autonomous Port of Douala (PAD), the Autonomous Port of Kribi (PAK), the Cameroon National Shippers' Council (CNSC), the Cameroon Civil Aviation Authority (CCAA); the Aéroports du Cameroun (ADC); Cameroon Railways Corporation (CAMRAIL), or partners such as the Land Freight Management Bureau (BGFT), High Tech Telesoft (HTT), and the Presbyterian Printing Press (PRESPRINT).
Within the framework of the monitoring of transport policy, in accordance with its missions contained in its organic decree no. 2012/250 of 1 June 2012, the Ministry of Transport is constantly improving its Statistical Information System (SIS) in order to allow a better centralization of information from the various structures that produce statistical data in the transport sector. Transtat 2019, which is essential for the development and monitoring of transport policies, is also a strategic information tool for the general public. It is available in digital format on the website of the Ministry of Transport (www.mint.gov.cm) (www.mint.gov.cm).
iv Transport Statistics Yearbook 2019 Edition Annuaire Statistiques des Transports
I would not conclude this foreword without expressing my sincere thanks to all those who, in one way or another, participated in the preparation of this valuable document.
I wish every reader of TRANSTAT 2019 a judicious use to achieve the objectives assigned to the transport sector in the "Vision 2035" for the emergence of Cameroon, as desired by the Head of State, His Excellency Paul BIYA.
v Transport Statistics Yearbook 2019 Edition Annuaire Statistiques des Transports
GENERAL INTRODUCTION
1. Transport: a key sector for GDP growth
According to the National Accounts reports of the National Institute of Statistics, the tertiary sector is the main driver of economic growth (Figure 1), with transport proving to be particularly dynamic. Boosted by the good health of transport and logistics (21.25% of the sector's revenue, up from 8.9% in 2012), the share of the tertiary sector in the country's GDP exceeded 47% in 2011. However, the fourth quarter of 2015 was marked by a decline in growth in the tertiary sector, which fell to -1.2% compared to the corresponding period in 2014. This is attributable, among other things, to a decline in public administration purchases of goods and services and a slowdown in the fourth quarter of 2015 in transport, hotels and restaurants and trade and repair activities. Economic activity has been robust, although, due to the decline in oil production, the rate of growth of real gross domestic product (GDP) slowed to 5.1% against 5.9% in 2015. On the other hand, the value added of the non- oil sector increased by 5.6% against 5.1% in 2015, mainly due to the improvement of energy supply, as well as the dynamism of the construction, transport, hotel and catering sectors, particularly in view of the organisation of the Women’s African Cup of Nations (AFCON). An upsurge was recorded in the fourth quarter of 2016. The tertiary sector was positioned as the driver of economic growth, with an increase of +8.9% compared to the fourth quarter of 2015. This performance of the tertiary sector was the result of the good performance of activities in almost all branches, in connection with the end of year festivities, associated with the organization of the Women's AFCON in November 2016. The activities of the transport branch increased greatly (+7.7%). In the fourth quarter of 2017, the tertiary sector continued to support the dynamic of economic growth, with a 3.3% increase compared to the fourth quarter of 2016. This performance of the tertiary sector was the result of the good performance of activities in almost all branches. The sector contributed 1.7 points to the quarterly GDP growth. However, the second quarter of 2018 was marked by a slowdown in the growth rate of the tertiary sector, with a 4.7% increase compared to the second quarter of 2017. Despite a decline in the growth rate observed since the third quarter of 2017, the tertiary sector remained the driver of economic growth with a contribution of 2.4 points during this quarter. The growth observed in the sector reflected sustained activity in almost all industries. The increase in the services sector was also linked to the good performance
6 Transport Statistics Yearbook 2019 Edition Annuaire Statistiques des Transports of activities in the sub-sectors of professional and technical business services (0.4 point), transport activities (0.23 point), particularly air transport, and information and telecommunications activities (0.22 point) thanks to the introduction of 4G technology and new high value-added services. Graph 1: Quarterly breakdown of real GDP (in billions FCFA) 300 3000 200 2000 100 1000 0 0 T1_2015T2_2015T3_2015T4_2015T1_2016T2_2016T3_2016T4_2016T1_2017T2_2017T3_2017T4_2017 Ti_2015 = trimestre i en 2015 Ti_2016 = trimestre i en 2016 Ti_2017 = trimestre i en 2017
Transports Secteur tertiaire
Source: MINT based on INS data Graph 1 shows that real GDP in the tertiary sector evolved in the same direction as real GDP in the transport sector in any quarter of any year. This shows that transport contributes significantly to the formation of real GDP in the tertiary sector and therefore to the formation of the country's real GDP. Furthermore, Figure 2 highlights the strong contribution of transport activities in the formation of real GDP in the tertiary sector compared to other activities in the same tertiary sector. Graph 2: Quarterly variation in real GDP (%) 15
10
5
0 T1_2015 T2_2015 T3_2015 T4_2015 T1_2016 T2_2016 T3_2016 T4_2016 T1_2017 T2_2017 T3_2017 T4_2017 -5 Ti_2015 = trimestre i en 2015 Ti_2016 = trimestre i en 2016 Ti_2017 = trimestre i en 2017 Transports Secteur tertiaire
Source: MINT based on INS data. However, the value of the real GDP from transport activities is underestimated, as the national accounting does not include the transport of goods specific to enterprises and the private transport of households. If this is done, the share of transport in Cameroon would be higher.
2. Transport: an instrument in the fight against inflation
The inflation rate in Cameroon reached 3.4% in the first half of 2015, against 1.1% over the same period in 2014, according to the National Institute of Statistics (INS) in its latest report on price evolution in the country. For the first time since 2011, this inflation rate was above the 3% norm allowed in the CEMAC zone. According to the NSI, this general price
7 Transport Statistics Yearbook 2019 Edition Annuaire Statistiques des Transports level observed at the end of June 2015 was largely due to the 14.5% surge in the prices of transport goods and services following the upward revision of fuel prices on 1 July 2014. However, alongside this, we also noted the 5.2% rise in prices of restaurant and hotel services resulting from the increase in the prices of industrial beers in February 2015, which led to a 4.1% rise in the prices of alcoholic drinks and tobacco. However, in 2016, household final consumer prices increased by 0.9%, down nearly 2 points from the 2.7% increase in 2015. This relatively small increase in the general price level was largely explained by the rise in prices of restaurant and hotel services, alcoholic drinks and tobacco, and food products and non-alcoholic drinks attributable to the price of beers that have experienced increases of between CFAF 50 and 100. On the other hand, it should be noted that the tensions observed on transport prices a year ago following the 15% upward revision of fuel pump prices as of 1 July 2014, faded away; thus, on 1 January 2016, the price of petroleum products recorded a fall (the price of super gasoline dropped from CFAF 650 to CFAF 630 per litre and that of diesel from CFAF 600 to CFAF 575), resulting in a 0.7% drop in transport prices. Similarly, in the first quarter of 2017, household final consumer prices rose by 0.4%. In 2016, the increase was 1.5%. On average over the last 12 months, the rise was 0.6%, down 1.7 points compared with the same period in 2016 (2.3%). This relatively small increase in the general price level over the past twelve months was largely due to the price of petroleum products, which fell, causing transport prices to fall by 0.3%. The general level of consumer prices rose again in November 2018 (+0.3% after +0.6% in October 2018). Compared to the same month in 2017, the general price level rose by 2.0%, as it did last month. This price increase was largely due to higher transport prices (+0.2% after -0.1% in the previous month). Moreover, according to NSI projections, prices in Cameroon will continue to rise in 2019. The inflation rate could be around 2% in 2019 against 1.1% in 2018. The trend was that the general price level moved in the same direction as the transport price level (Graph 3). At the microeconomic level, an analysis of the third household consumption survey indicated that, on average, households spent more than 17% of their total income on transport. This means that in order to reduce the effects of transport on the cost of living, the government, through the Ministry of Transport, will have to continue to work to reduce inequalities in access to means of transport.
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Graph 3 : Monthly evolution of the transport price index and general price level 117 114 113 116,5 112 116 111 110 115,5 109
Indice des Prix Transports Indice Général des Prix
Source: MINT based on INS data.
3. Transport: a lever for cross-border trade
Transport is one of the vital sectors of the national economy. Its optimisation could make the economy more competitive. Faced with this situation, the State is therefore led to improve the existing transport policy in order to embrace Cameroon's primary vocation which is to be a major transit country. Indeed, Cameroon's geo-strategic situation in the Gulf of Guinea, its strategic positioning in the Central African sub-region, as well as its dominant position in the CEMAC zone force it to adopt an institutional framework conducive to the implementation of bold sectorial transport policies and the establishment of efficient corridor management structures to facilitate trade. This is because for a very long time, sub-regional trade in CEMAC zone has remained on a classic pattern of exporting raw materials and importing manufactured goods. This situation has led to a monolithic production of raw materials and heavy dependence on European, Asian and American markets. Intra-regional trade has remained very low because of practices at the national and sub-regional levels that do not optimise trade between CEMAC countries and, above all, because of the quality of the transport system in the CEMAC region, which needs to be improved. Assessing the impact of transport on trade can be done through an analysis of the quality and quantity and types of goods transported in the economy. An analysis of the quality of the goods transported by the actors in the transport sector indicates the nature and structure of economic activity. By way of illustration, an analysis of the types of goods transported in the railway sector shows that a large quantity of goods transported is made up of raw materials such as wood, aluminium, cereals, etc. Processed materials are less transported, which indicates a secondary sector of activity that is not very dynamic. In terms of quantities, we can observe an increase in the volumes of goods transported along the major corridors. Indeed, we can note from the statistics that, in terms of imports, between 2010 and 2017, approximately
9 Transport Statistics Yearbook 2019 Edition Annuaire Statistiques des Transports
867462 tonnes transited through the CEMAC corridors on average per year. Exports, for their part, averaged 362313 tonnes of goods between 2010 and 2017. The continuation of road transport infrastructure rehabilitation and renewal actions already undertaken by the Government on the corridors is a lever for the development of intra-regional trade for CEMAC countries. Graph 4: Annual Evolution of Traffic on the Cameroon-CEMAC Corridor
Gabon Guinée Equatorial Congo Tchad RCA Total
3000000 2500000 2000000 1500000 1000000 500000
0
EXPORT EXPORT EXPORT EXPORT EXPORT EXPORT EXPORT EXPORT
IMPORT IMPORT IMPORT IMPORT IMPORT IMPORT IMPORT IMPORT 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Source: MINT based on INS data.
Admittedly, over the past few years, the macroeconomic context of sub- regional trade has seen some improvements, thanks to several actions, in particular the opening of new projects relating to oil exploitation in Equatorial Guinea and Chad; structural reforms set up within the framework of the programmes established between the countries of the sub- region and the Breton Wood institutions (IMF and WB); as well as pacification and stabilization of the social and political framework. Thus, transport systems make it possible to link centres of production of goods or extraction (fields, mines) to centres of marketing, consumption, or processing (markets, ports, factories). They are also a key element in the competitiveness of enterprises in general, and price competitiveness in particular. Finally, transport systems are a powerful means of structuring and planning land use. This is a macroeconomic stabilising factor, as it contributes to the stabilisation of the prices of goods and services, to the control of the external balance and to economic growth. In order to consolidate and improve the role of transport in the economy, briefly explained through some transmission mechanisms via some macroeconomic indicators, the Ministry of Transport is called upon to implement the transport policy to make transport efficient, competitive and complementary with dense networks of road, railway, air, sea and river connections, conditions for economic growth and the opening of the country to foreign trade.
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I. THE AVIATION SECTOR
In Cameroon, the major stakeholders in the aviation sector operating at the technical and operational levels are: the Cameroon Civil Aviation Authority (CCAA), the Aéroports du Cameroun (ADC SA) and the national company Camair-Co. The Ministry of Transport ensures the technical supervision of these stakeholders. Within the said Ministry, the Division of Civil Aviation (DAC) ensures the daily monitoring of the stakeholders of the aviation sector.
I.1. Some statistical trends in the aviation sector
Between 2014 and 2017, an analysis of passenger traffic indicated that departures were higher than arrivals. This international traffic was more abundant compared to regional passenger traffic. The CEMAC zone had the lowest passenger movements, thus showing a low level of movement of people and goods in this economically and monetarily integrated sub-region. Graph 5: Passenger traffic
National CEMAC Régional International Total
1500000
1000000
500000
0 Arrivées Départs Total Arrivées Départs Total Arrivées Départs Total Arrivées Départs Total 2014 2015 2016 2017
Source: MINT from data provided by ADC and CCAA Landing and take-off movements show the important role of domestic flights. These aircraft movements for the international fleet have been low during some years.
Graph 6: Aircraft Movement
National CEMAC Régional International Total
40000 30000 20000 10000
0
Total Total Total Total
Décollage Décollage Décollage Décollage
Atterrisage
Atterrissage Atterrissage Atterrissage 2014 2015 2016 2017
Source: MINT from data provided by ADC and CCAA
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Transit passengers tended to be more numerous in 2015. It can also be noted that the trend was upward for transit passengers in the region while it was almost constant for transit passengers within the country. Graph 7: Transit passenger traffic
400000 300000 2017 200000 2016 100000 2015 2014 0
2014 2015 2016 2017
Source: MINT from data provided by ADC and CCAA
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I.2. Summary tables of statistical data on air transport
Table 1: Evolution of passenger traffic per airports 2014 2015 2016 2017 NATURE OF FLIGHT PASSENGERS PASSENGERS PASSENGERS PASSENGERS ARR DEP TOTAL ARR DEP TOTAL ARR DEP TOTAL ARR DEP TOTAL BAFOUSSAM (BFX) N 434 394 828 1594 1456 3050 Total 434 394 828 1594 1456 3050 BAMENDA (BPC) N 2628 2412 5040 Total 2628 2412 5040 DOULA (DLA) N 42725 57083 99808 27382 31244 58626 14283 28563 42846 5772 24041 29813 C 90296 93787 184083 90631 116457 207088 69332 87725 157057 33956 45172 79128 R 119844 134641 254485 142003 137422 279425 120025 124915 244940 67818 72296 140114 I 107305 125804 233109 134097 136532 270629 100636 111839 212475 58459 68198 126657 Total 360170 411315 771485 394113 421655 815768 304276 353042 657318 166005 209707 375712 GAROUA (GOU) N 16856 17087 33943 14941 15061 30002 12563 14434 26997 17042 17442 34484 C 83 223 306 87 103 190 161 123 284 131 78 209 R 206 145 351 3262 3066 6328 0 66 296 362 I 3415 3485 6900 0 0 0 0 2093 1714 3807 Total 20560 20940 41500 18290 18230 36520 12724 14557 27281 19332 19530 38862 MAROUA-SALAK (MVR) N 16707 16076 32783 22597 29366 51963 17767 18644 36411 5456 5400 10856 C 21 21 174 78 252 2065 880 2945 143 74 217 R 32 32 5 21 26 8 8 3 3 I 11 11 101 12 113 0 0 Total 16707 16140 32847 22877 29477 52354 19832 19532 39364 5602 5474 11076 NGAOUNDERE (NGE) N 3122 3537 6659 2478 3343 5821 691 745 1436 917 935 1852 C 766 544 1310 332 173 505 28 33 61 98 35 133 R 0 0 0 0 0 I 0 0 3 3 0 0 Total 3888 4081 7969 2810 3519 6329 719 778 1497 1015 970 1985 YAOUNDE-NSIMALEN (NSI)
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2014 2015 2016 2017 NATURE OF FLIGHT PASSENGERS PASSENGERS PASSENGERS PASSENGERS N 57989 62811 120800 49982 54846 104828 30420 31305 61725 57033 57483 114516 C 6272 3785 10057 4298 6016 10314 6369 7614 13983 2479 5281 7760 R 31547 28713 60260 48258 45048 93306 52945 53894 106839 50727 51162 101889 I 87985 90329 178314 77327 78326 155653 94014 349970 443984 66095 73213 139308 Total 183793 185638 369431 179865 184236 364101 183748 442783 626531 176334 187139 363473 OVERALL (All the airports) N 137399 156594 293993 117380 133860 251240 76158 94085 170243 90442 109169 199611 C 97417 98360 195777 95522 122827 218349 77955 96375 174330 36807 50640 87447 R 151597 163531 315128 193528 185557 379085 172970 178817 351787 118614 123754 242368 I 198705 219629 418334 211525 214873 426398 194650 461809 656459 126647 143125 269772 Total 585118 638114 1223232 617955 657117 1275072 521733 831086 1352819 372510 426688 799198 Source: CCAA. N: National; C: CEMAC sub-region; R: Regional; I: International.
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Table 2: Freight traffic per airports 2014 2015 2016 2017 NATURE OF FLIGHT FREIGHTT IN TONNE FREIGHTT IN TONNE FREIGHTT IN TONNE FREIGHTT IN TONNE ARR DEP TOTAL ARR DEP TOTAL ARR DEP TOTAL ARR DEP TOTAL BAFOUSSAM (BFX) DOUALA (DLA) N 3 11,32 14,32 104,037 18,847 122,884 56,994 29,947 86,941 2,766 1 3,766 C 999,65 419,97 1419,62 1019,728 619,62 1639,348 97,834 73,179 171,013 27 63,0006 90,0006 R 1189,9 674,76 1864,67 1248,752 521,885 1770,637 646,2871 365,772 1012,0591 479,264 12,425 491,689 I 4537,4 4480,8 9018,3 4658,658 1547,849 6206,507 3114,127 15950,572 19064,699 25278,501 39934,339 65212,840 Total 6730,0 5586,9 12316,9 7031,175 2708,201 9739,376 3915,242 16419,47 20334,712 25787,531 40010,765 65798,296 GAROUA (GOU) N 60,32 27,66 87,98 92,956 34,94 127,896 40,76 10,63 51,39 44,9514 33,0738 78,0252 C 0 8,03 8,03 13,064 7,127 20,191 0 0 2,378 2,378 R 0 0 0 8 7,03 15,03 0 0 0 0 Total 60,32 35,69 96,01 114,02 49,097 163,117 0,76 10,63 51,39 44,9514 35,4518 80,4032 MAROUA-SALAK (MVR) N 22,27 3,48 25,75 6,292 5,817 12,109 0,15 22,365 22,515 4199,599 4199,599 C 0 0 0,85 0 0,85 0,67 0,67 0 R 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total 22,27 3,48 25,75 7,142 5,817 12,959 0,15 23,035 23,185 4199,599 0 4199,599 NGAOUNDERE (NGE) N 1,13 1,13 0,595 0,0657 0,6607 0,03 0,03 0 C 0,08 0,08 0,15 1,2 1,35 0 0 R 0 0 0 0 0 Total 1,21 1,21 0,745 1,2657 2,0107 0,745 1,2657 2,0107 0 0 0 YAOUNDE-NSIMALEN (NSI) N 11,28 18,41 29,69 119 22,913 141,913 24,536 50,414 74,95 68,625 2590,356 2658,981 C 4,28 0,84 5,12 330,525 2,197 332,722 83,694 105,581 189,275 2,52 4,701 7,221 R 184,87 4,22 189,09 550,464 101,412 651,876 168,8712 324,6608 493,532 620,9544 202,327 823,2814 I 1640,5 2098,1 3738,65 2312,433 1026,822 3339,255 2596,772 48296,956 50893,728 730,474 2078,307 2808,781 Total 1840,9 2121,5 3962,55 3312,422 1153,344 4465,766 2873,873 48777,612 51651,485 1422,5734 4875,691 6298,2644 OVERALL (All the airports) N 98 60,87 158,87 322,88 82,5827 405,4627 122,47 113,356 235,826 4315,9414 2624,4298 6940,3712 C 1004,0 428,84 1432,85 1364,317 630,144 1994,461 181,528 179,43 360,958 29,52 70,0796 99,5996 R 1374,7 678,98 2053,76 1807,216 630,327 2437,543 815,1583 690,4328 1505,5911 1100,2184 214,752 1314,9704 I 6177,9 6578,9 12756,9 6971,091 2574,671 9545,762 5710,899 64247,528 69958,428 26008,97 42012,646 68021,621 Total 8654,77 7747,6 16402,4 10465,50 3917,724 14383,228 6790,770 65232,013 72062,7838 31454,655 44921,908 76376,563 Source: CCAA. N: National; C: CEMAC sub-region; R: Regional; I: International.
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Table 3: Aircraft Movements per Airports 2014 2015 2016 2017
NATURE OF AIRCRAFT AIRCRAFT AIRCRAFT AIRCRAFT
L a n d T i a n k g e T s - O o T f A L f L a s n d T i a n k g e T s - O o T f A L f L a s n d T i a n k g e T s - O o T f A L f L a s n d T i a n k g e T s - O o T f A f L s FLIGHT MOVEMENTS MOVEMENTS MOVEMENTS MOVEMENTS BAFOUSSAM (BFX) N 28 27 55 105 101 206 Total 28 27 55 105 101 206 BAMENDA (BPC) N 120 117 237 Total 120 117 237 DOULA (DLA) N 2059 1749 3808 1854 1798 3652 1692 1695 3387 1003 928 1931 C 2947 3216 6163 3108 3152 6260 2686 2697 5383 1152 1174 2326 R 2185 2121 4306 1594 1604 3198 1833 1843 3676 1480 1527 3007 I 1169 1272 2441 1246 1255 2501 626 605 1231 495 505 1000 Total 8360 8358 1671 7802 7809 1561 6837 6840 1367 4130 4134 8264 8 1 7 GAROUA (GOU) N 235 179 414 1688 1682 3370 1708 1707 3415 234 238 472 C 170 219 389 124 123 247 111 110 221 1 1 2 R 8 11 19 31 33 64 1 1 1 4 5 I 2277 2281 4558 4 4 8 0 14 18 32 Total 2690 2690 5380 1847 1842 3689 1819 1818 3637 250 261 511 MAROUA-SALAK (MVR) N 342 310 652 751 746 1497 667 665 1332 80 82 162 C 3 12 15 24 30 54 111 113 224 7 7 14 R 1 15 16 2 3 5 1 4 5 1 1 I 1 5 6 6 5 11 0 0 Total 347 342 689 783 784 1567 779 779 1558 88 89 177 NGAOUNDERE (NGE) N 226 223 449 136 128 264 107 106 213 68 67 135 C 43 46 89 31 38 69 1 2 3 0 Total 269 269 538 167 166 333 108 108 216 68 67 135 YAOUNDE-NSIMALEN (NSI) N 1294 1667 2961 1536 1534 3070 1884 1897 3781 2059 2074 4133 C 309 219 528 324 290 614 507 473 980 456 371 827 R 635 487 1122 702 725 1427 1107 1120 2227 592 696 1288 I 813 679 1492 588 602 1190 898 909 1807 337 308 645 Total 3051 3052 6103 3150 3151 6301 4396 4399 8795 3444 3449 6893 OVERALL (All the airports) N 4156 4128 8284 5965 5888 1185 6086 6097 1218 3669 3607 7276 3 3 C 3472 3712 7184 3611 3633 7244 3416 3395 6811 1616 1553 3169 R 2829 2634 5463 2329 2365 4694 2941 2968 5909 2074 2227 4301 I 4260 4237 8497 1844 1866 3710 1524 1514 3038 846 831 1677 Total 1471 1471 2942 1374 1375 2750 1396 1397 2793 8205 8218 16423 7 1 8 9 2 1 7 1 8 Source: CCAA. N: National; C: CEMAC sub-region; R: Regional; I: International.
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Table 4: Passenger Transit per Airports 2014 2015 2016 2017 NATURE OF FLIGHT PAX TRANSIT PAX TRANSIT PAX TRANSIT PAX TRANSIT BAFOUSSAM (BFX) N 75 54 Total 75 54 BAMENDA (BPC) N 40 Total 40 DOULA (DLA) N 49038 38815 31376 22505 C 44851 28049 35009 23031 R 45746 27463 61849 40800 I 40475 21718 53496 31832 Total 180110 116045 181730 118168 GAROUA (GOU) N 2609 551 551 478 C 244 42 0 0 R 10 0 0 0 I 120 0 0 0 Total 2983 593 551 478 MAROUA-SALAK (MVR) N 18 435 0 C 51963 75 14 R 50466 0 0 Total 18 102429 510 14 NGAOUNDERE (NGE) N 2420 2443 683 380 C 1722 1119 23 Total 4142 3562 706 380 YAOUNDE-NSIMALEN (NSI) N 30835 33738 17092 29932 C 6709 10149 3584 9062 R 10571 7373 30243 27519 I 38409 32732 27901 22093 Total 86524 83992 78820 88606 OVERALL (All the airports) N 84920 75547 50212 53389 C 53526 91322 38691 32107 R 56327 85302 92092 68319 I 79004 54450 81397 53925 Total 273777 306621 262392 207740 Source: CCAA. N: National; C: CEMAC sub-region; R: Regional; I: International.
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II. THE RAILWAY SECTOR
CAMRAIL is the structure in charge of the management, marketing, operation and maintenance of the Cameroon railway. The said single track railway is a little more than 1,000 km long and with metric gauge. This network comprises three (3) lines. Transcam I: Douala-Yaoundé (262 km); Transcam II: Yaounde-Ngaoundere (662 km) and the Western line which has two sections Douala-Mbanga (74 km) and Mbanga-Kumba (27 km). At the level of the government, monitoring of railway sector activities is carried out by the Department of Railway Transport (DTF) at MINT.
II.1. Some statistical trends of the railway sector
Graph 8 shows the evolution of the number of equipment. The speed of the curves indicates that the number of locomotives did not change significantly during the period 2014 to 2018. Similarly, the number of railway stations remained stable during this period. Nevertheless, there was an increase in the number of km of railways actually renewed. These performance indicators are contained in Table 2. Graph 8: Evolution of the number of equipment 200
150
100
50
0 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Années TOTAL Nombre de locomotives Nombre de Gares ferroviaires Nombre de km de chemin de fer effectivement renouvelés
Source : MINT/Camrail
Graph 9 presents the evolution of the degree of productivity. An analysis indicates that the ratio of employees per million tonne unit remained relatively stable between 2014 and 2018. The number of days required for a car to complete a full turnaround varied between eight and ten days.
18 Transport Statistics Yearbook 2019 Edition Annuaire Statistiques des Transports
Graph 9: Evolution of the degree of productivity
10 8 6 4 2 0 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Années TOTAL
Ratio du nombre d’employées pour 1 000 000TU Ratio du nombre de wagons pour 1 000000 TU Nombre de jours nécessaire pour qu’un wagon fait une rotation complète
Source : MINT/Camrail
II.2 Summary tables of statistical data of the railway sector
Table 5: Evolution of the number of equipment Titles Years 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 NUMBER Number of wagons 1 201 1 232 1 234 1 133 Number of locomotives 45 41 43 37 36 Number of Railway Stations 36 36 33 33 33 Number of km of railway rehabilitated 0 0 0 0 0 Number of km of railways actually renewed 26 74 147 168 173 Number of km of railways built 0 0 0 0 0 Source : CAMRAIL
Table 6: Evolution of the degree of productivity Titles Years 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Ratio of employees per 1,000,000TU 1,92 1,87 1,67 1,73 1,76 Ratio of number of locomotives per 1,000,000TU 0,04 0,04 0,04 0,04 0,04 Ratio of the number of wagons per 1 000000 TU 1,03 1,05 1,15 1,30 1,24 Number of days required for a wagon to complete a full rotation 8 9 10 9 9 Number of employees 2 045 1 921 1 793 1 635 1 609 Number of times locomotives break down 317 448 384 408 312 Source : CAMRAIL
Table 7: Estimated number of level crossings Years Headings 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 The number of crossings renewed 3 Number of crossings rehabilitated 0 The number of declarations of conformity issued 0 Number of crossings effectively renewed 0 2 0 0 1 Number of crossings effectively rehabilitated 1 0 4 6 0 The number of existing crossings 120 120 120 120 121 The number of secured level crossings 33 3 3 4 8 Number of incidents recorded per crossing 60 73 53 80 11 Source: CAMRAIL
19 Transport Statistics Yearbook 2019 Edition Annuaire Statistiques des Transports
Table 8: Satisfaction Survey Years Headings 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Number of passenger traffic derailments 4 1 2 1 0 Number of freight traffic derailments 16 20 15 21 19 Number of times locomotive breakdowns occurred 317 448 384 408 312 Wagon turnaround time 9 10 10 9 9 Locomotive availability rate (%) 84,8% 82,74% 81,30% 81,84% 84,20% Customer Satisfaction Rate 65% 77% ND 46% Source : CAMRAIL
Table 9: Rolling Stock Fleet Years Titles 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Acquired Number of passenger cars acquired 40 0 0 0 0 Number of Wagons acquired 0 0 0 0 0 Line and shunting locomotives acquired … 9 0 0 Rehabilitated Number of passenger cars rehabilitated 2 7 1 3 2 Number of Wagons rehabilitated 25 15 56 78 71 Line and shunting locomotives rehabilitated 1 3 2 7 3 Source : CAMRAIL
Table 10: Evolution of overall traffic in the railway sector Years 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Tonnes of goods per year (in millions) 1,7 1,8 2 1,5 1,4 Travellers per year (in millions) 1,6 1,6 1,5 0.86 0.69 Locomotives 60 56 59 51 43 Passenger cars 103 103 63 50 32 Wagons 1 234 1 234 1 234 1 233 1 222 Seat kilometres offered (in millions) 0,7 0,7 0,6 0,2 0,2 Source : CAMRAIL
Table 11: Evolution of freight traffic Years 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Tonnage (T) Taxedin103 1664 1 779 1 601 1 494 1400 Tonne-Kilometre (TKM) in 106 993 960 846 806 785 Revenue (FCFA) (FCFA) in 106 46 989 45 826 38 846 34 924 34 084 Source: CAMRAIL
Table 12: Evolution of goods traffic by type of goods in tonnes (1000t) Years 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Citrus wood 130 123 166 188 173 Wrought wood 103 90 41 34 26 Wild Wood 0 0 44 38 33 Hydrocarbons Tanks 516 552 567 602 594 Hydrocarbons Containers 0 0 4 2 3 Products ALUCAM (up) 34 21 12 24 18 Cotton 69 80 65 76 46 Oilcake Seeds 30 35 34 42 37 Flours and cereals 141 131 123 118 4 Live Animals 15 15 15 9 115 Fertilizers and insecticides 52 32 57 53 7 Sugar 43 36 26 37 44 Grouping 4 1 0 0 39 MADp/cPQ1 0 211 146 39 17 COTCO 0 0 0 0 45 Containers 227 212 138 100 142 Building materials 75 47 33 34 31 Other goods 223 194 129 96 25 TOTAL 1 664 1 779 1 601 1 494 1 400 Source: CAMRAIL
20 Transport Statistics Yearbook 2019 Edition Annuaire Statistiques des Transports
Table 13: Evolution of passenger traffic (semi-direct and omnibus trains) number of passengers in thousands Years 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Direct Trains Douala/Yaoundé low cost 0,0 160 256 0 0 Direct Trains Douala/Yaoundé Premium 145 133,0 110 0 0 Direct Trains Douala/Yaoundé 1st class 100 126 115 0 0 TOTAL DIRECT TRAINS 245 420 482 0 0 Semi-direct Trains 238 145 137 133 127 Douala/Yaoundé 2nd class Semi-direct Trains 6 0 0 0 0 Douala/Yaoundé 1st class Semi-direct Trains 691 737 659 457 414 Yde/Ndere 2nd class Semi-direct Trains 124 124 118 56 64 Yde/Ndere 1st class Total Semi-Direct Trains 1 059 1006 914 646 605 Others (omnibus) 2nd class 254 205 205 213 86 Total Semi-Direct Trains 1 559 1 6301 1 582 859 691 TOTAL 1 559 1 631 1 582 859 691 Source : CAMRAIL
Table 14: Evolution of passenger traffic Years 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 NUMBER OF PASSENGERS (1000V) in 103 Trains directs (103) 245 420 482 0 0 Trains semi-directs (103) 1059 1006 914 646 605 Trains Omnibus (103) 254 205 186 213 86 PASSENGERS in KMS 106 Trains directs (103) 65 111 127 0 0 Trains semi-directs (106) 434 441 402 252 246 Trains Omnibus (106) 18 13 10 10 11 Source : CAMRAIL
Table 15: Evolution of passenger traffic per line Year 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 TRANSCAM1 Travellers 509 738 572 601 621 578 133 355 126 648 Travellers-km excluding luggage 97 395 127 658 142 610 15 119 14 105 Revenue (FCFA) *103 1 865 274 2 265 194 2 295 001 280 092 277 825 TRANSCAM2 Travellers 843 803 880 392 799 295 538 797 505 984 Travellers-km excluding luggage 413 912 401 462 364 699 222 795 201 833 Revenue (FCFA) *103 5 761 600 6 094 815 5 645 847 3 159 944 2 733 198 LIGNE OUEST Travellers 205 177 677 161 561 186 901 58 597 Travellers-km excluding luggage 5 525 4 668 4 153 4 720 2 415 Revenue (FCFA) *103 103 658 90 489 81 250 92 724 30 179 TOTAL (TCI+TC2+ WEST LINE) Travellers 1 558 774 1 630 670 1 582 435 859 053 691 229 Travellers-km 516 832 533 788 511 462 242 634 218 353 Revenue (FCFA) 7 730 533 8 450 498 8 022 108 3 532 790 3 041 202 Source: CAMRAIL.
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III. THE MARITIME AND PORT SECTOR
Several structures with distinctive roles intervene in this sector, under the technical supervision of the Ministry of Transport. The Department of Maritime Affairs and Inland Waterways (DAMVN) of the MINT monitors the activities of the maritime and port sector. The National Port Authority (APN) is the regulator of this sector in Cameroon. Other major stakeholders in the sector are the Autonomous Ports of Douala (PAD), Kribi (PAK), Limbe (PAL), and Garoua (PAG), the Cameroon National Shippers' Council (CNSC), the Cameroon Shipyard and Industrial Engineering Limited (CNIC), numerous concessionaires, freight forwarders and other operators in the port area, as well as technical partners such as the Single Window for External Trade Operations (GUCE).
III.1. Some statistical trends in performance criteria
Cameroon has two main ports (Douala and Kribi) in operation. With regard to the PAD, the number of berths increased steadily since 2014 to reach 3,343 berths and moorings in 2018. Graph 10: Number of berths in the CSA program 4000
3000
2000
1000
0 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Source: MINT with data from PAD With regard to the PAK, since its commissioning, the number of ships handled increased from 46 to 295 berths/apparatus between 2016 and 2018. The number of equipment acquired (all equipment combined (gantry cranes, cranes, lampposts, rails and road network inside the port, ISPS standard fence (...)) between 2016 and 2018 was 33. The amount invested in the purchase of equipment (in millions FCFA) during this period was thirty- five billion two hundred fifty-three million one hundred forty-nine thousand five hundred forty-one FCFA (35 253 149 541 FCFA). Concerning PAD outputs, the average expectation at the base buoy has been steadily improving since 2015. Its average daily yield, the occupancy rate at the miscellaneous docks and its gantry rate decreased between 2017 and 2018. Concerning the container dwell time at the DIT fleet (in days) after recording an improvement between 2015 and 2017, the 2017-2018 period
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shows an increase of about one and a half days for exports and three and a half days for imports. Table 16: PAD Performance Indicators INDICATORS UNIT 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Basic buoy average expectation Hour 47.23 125,26 51,87 30,38 23,91 Average Gross Tonnage JTB 18728 17 338 19 085 19 792 20 456 Average Cargo Tonnes 9723 9 699 9 825 13 097 10 027 Medium Dock Stay Days 4.13 4,66 3,73 3,85 3,92 Average daily yield Tonnes/Days 2459 2 084 2 604 4 516 2 545 Occupancy rate of various wharves % 74.32 69,47 69,18 70,10 52,10 Overall dock occupancy rate % 76.63 82,38 68,29 68,00 60,67 Cadence of the gantries U/H 12.52 15,79 16,33 17,72 16,19 Timeline of stay of containers at the Import 19.66 25,62 19,75 17,63 21,18 park (days) Export 16.32 10,65 6,70 9,73 11,42 Number of Containers TEU eq. 20 Number 333555 379915 344391 386 371 126 266 feet Number of Containers TEU eq. 40 Number 232489 257631 232531 254 993 126 246 feet Source : PAD.
Analysis of the performance indicators of the PAK indicates that in 2018, the period of stay for exports was 7 days and 11 days for imports. The port rate of 33 movements/hours. Table 17: PAK Performance Indicators INDICATORS UNITE 2017 2018 Average Gross Tonnage JTB 92 511 50 207 Average Cargo Tonnes 110 133 618 545 Medium Dock Stay 2 days One and a half Days day Average daily yield Tonnes/Days 55 067 185 563 Overall dock occupancy rate % 40% Cadence of gantries Movements 33 /hours Period of stay for containers at the KCT2 park Import 11days (days) Export 07 days Number Containers TEU eq. 20 feet Number 50 075 Number Containers TEU eq. 40 feet Number 13.5 87 426 Source : PAK. KCT: Kribi Container Terminal Concessionary Terminal
Table 18: Implementation of certain procedures relating to the ISPS Code at PAK Denomination 2017 2018 Number of safety and security audits effectively undertaken 0 1 Number of safety equipment acquired 0 0 Number of surveillance cameras acquired 193 0 Number of security guards in service 0 101 Amount invested for security and safety activities 0 0 Number of docking orders received/issued 40 289 Number of anti-pollution controls on board vessels 0 211 Number of Vessel Accidents 1 0 Source: PAK. The vessel accident was the sinking of the Supply Hilander Jones on 6 October 2017 in the vicinity of the Hilli Episeyo Gas Terminal following a fire on board.
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III.2 Summary tables of statistical data for the maritime and port sectors
Table 19: Evolution of port traffic at the PAD Type de traffic 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Long course 10791717 11 212 407 11 042 894 11 756 695 11 800 027 Local 60846 89 694 79 887 40 207 34 959 Total 10852563 11 302 101 11 122 781 11 796 902 11 834 986 Number of vessels 2526 3 053 3 188 3 132 3 343 Source : PAD.
Table 20: Coasting Trade Traffic at PAD TRAFIC DESTINATION 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Gabon 170 786 58 0 Equatorial Guinea 226 2073 21 0 42 Congo 51280 18005 4 819 56 750 23 743 Imports Chad 578684 328625 219375 188288 250327
Central African Rep. 109692 57294 77 935 89 796 96 356 Other destinations 216 122 122 2 340 Total 740052 406 905 302 330 334834 369808 Gabon 0 9 37 Equatorial Guinea 0 72 2 225 93 Congo 161347 75604 71 548 59 103 103766 Exports Chad 51903 31554 63 632 120483 100418
Central African Rep. 58002 32159 53 363 90 599 84 320 Other destinations 0 0 18 7 682 Total 271252 139 398 190 823 270185 296279 Source : PAD. Values by tonnage.
Table 21: Structure of traffic per major product families at the PAD PRODUITS 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 STRUCTURE OF IMPORTS Hydrocarbons 1371389 1 371 169 1 335 365 1 330 120 1 366 300 Foodstuff and Beverages 2178666 2 359 962 2 359 915 2 316 812 2 439 487 Metal products/ Building materials 2390912 1 979 782 1 318 288 1 495 829 1 290 087 Chemical and pharmaceutical 396253 434 906 353 823 541 422 662 561 products Ores and raw materials 1443426 1 846 661 2 480 446 2 116 633 2 372 520 Manufactured Products 193277 208 139 153 300 200 040 345 102 Other products 154084 172 762 161 394 447 275 199 644 Total imports 8128007 8 373 381 8 162 531 8 448 131 8 675 701 STRUCTURE OF EXPORTS Timber 1808011 1 801 374 1 897 851 1 984 149 2 139 463 Aluminium 52326 67 662 56 580 64 093 61 048 Agricultural Products 651551 813 718 801 347 690 999 525 920 Industrial Products 57566 32708 29658 62 719 236 273 Foodstuff and Beverages 76390 69 528 62 782 109 300 80 228 Other products 16324 54036 32145 397 304 81 394 Total exportations 2663712 2 839 026 2 880 363 3 308 564 3 124 326 Total imports plus exports 10791717 11 212 407 11 042 894 11 756 695 11800027 Source : PAD.
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Table 22: Container Traffic at the PAD DESIGNATION SITUATION 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Full 116620 122894 110332 111 369 118 813 Empty 5455 7727 8864 23 416 11 681 Loading Total boxes 122075 130621 119196 134 785 130 494 TEU 176480 178833 161959 204 989 174 878 Tonnage 2569405 2 685 926 2 423 803 2 514 284 2 616 259 Full 65901 80178 73706 80 596 85 748 Empty 44513 46832 39629 39 612 36 270 Unloading Total boxes 110414 127010 113335 120 208 122 018 TEU 157075 128161 119072 181 382 135 599 Tonnage 1438218 1 876 624 1 844 061 1 938 594 2 055 360 Full 182521 203072 184038 191 965 204 561 Empty 49968 54559 48493 63 028 47 951 Loading & Unloading Total boxes 232489 257631 232531 254 993 252 512 TEU 338555 306994 281031 386 371 378 758 Tonnage 4007623 4 562 550 4 267 864 4 452 878 4 671 619 Source : PAD.
Table 23: Traffic of the Central African Republic transiting through the PAD PRODUCTS 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Foodstuff, oils and beverages 217342 23 046 29292 39 260 27851 Agricultural products 0 172 1463 1 883 3 685 Wood veneer, plywood 5795 32 082 52029 82 548 77 600 Lubricants, chemicals & pharmaceuticals 6540 2 877 10007 13 162 7 513 Building materials, paper 23452 8 502 8222 16 023 24 517 Automobile and spare parts 46076 11 699 7869 9 664 14 371 Textile, raw material 680 274 448 3 238 3 102 Machinery, appliances, ammunition and ores 736 2 794 5001 2 007 2 287 Cereals, wheat rice, malt... 5748 1 889 4239 3 582 4 207 Wheat flour 250 2 076 5409 502 2 524 Clothing 1444 1 537 3245 889 2 990 Other products 3082 2 505 4074 7 637 7 029 Total 167694 89 453 131298 180 395 177 676 Source: PAD.
Table 24: Traffic of Chad transiting through the PAD Products 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Foodstuff, oils and beverages 80132 90 859 70810 95 734 109 149 Agricultural products 79463 17 625 41856 29 209 24 508 Wood veneer, plywood 0 8 415 3215 1 624 1 579 Lubricants, chemicals & pharmaceuticals 32472 26 157 18016 22 830 60 508 Building materials, paper 223604 85 692 60453 36 893 32 098 Automobile and spare parts 52074 24 097 18783 16 687 18 351 Textile, raw material 35660 9 379 11828 7 040 5 098 Machinery, appliances, ammunition and ores 30240 14 312 8155 38 169 15 543 Cereals, wheat rice, malt... 46850 16 644 18551 24 622 13 777 Wheat flour 21964 22 025 13080 6 129 16 574 Clothing 11080 8 509 8156 6 625 12 411 Other products 18048 36 465 10104 23 209 31 149 Total 630587 360 179 283007 308 771 350 745 Source : PAD.
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Table 25: Container traffic at the PAK DESIGNATION SITUATION 2018 Loading Full 3 062 Empty 6 587 Trans board 137 501 Total boxes 6 535 TEU 9 649 Tonnage 27 795.15 Unloading Full 3 046 Empty 4 795 Total boxes 5 216 TEU 7 841 Tonnage 74 800 Source : PAK
Table 26: Cargo Traffic at the Port of Limbe 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Loaded 8917 6191 5 031 2 470 5 666 Unloaded 6607 3563 6 542 5 976 7 929 Total 15524 9754 11 573 8 446 13 595 Boats 1018 766 555 336 429 Source : APN.
Table 27: Traffic per type of packaging (in tonnes) 2018 Packaging 2017 January-September 2018 Quarter1 Quarter1 2 Quarter1 3 Outgoing Traffic Container 1 660 777 432 953 431 983 456 980 1 321 917 Conventional 1 288 103 308 332 278 471 296 370 883 173 Total 2 948 880 741 285 710 454 753 350 2 205 090 Incoming Traffic Container 2 138 103 578 285 589 782 589 263 1 757 329 Conventional 1 142 930 331 637 259 004 241 146 831 787 Bulk 4 657 942 1 212 315 1 308 206 1 299 197 3 819 718 Total 7 938 975 2 122 237 2 156 992 2 129 606 6 408 834 Source : CNSC
Table 28: Traffic with main destination countries (in tonnes) Countries 2017 January-September 2018 China 693 995 619 715 Belgium 408 077 317 865 Spain 363 171 251 583 North Vietnam 358 603 238 842 Singapore 337 682 156 160 France 127 552 86 072 Sri Lanka 178 884 82 987 Italy 122 798 71 591 Bangladesh 35 594 42 594 Senegal 32 240 38 837 Turkey 22 659 36 412 United Kingdom 56 852 34 119 Other countries 210 772 228 315 Total 2 948 880 2 205 090 Source : CNCC
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Table 29: Traffic with main countries of origin (in tonnes) Countries 2017 January-September 2018 Spain 1 233 443 766 560 China 750 288 625 891 Togo 494 628 577 284 Thailand 611 243 389 024 Russia 346 895 355 444 Portugal 452 818 323 170 France 439 249 298 668 Belgium 276 642 238 181 Brazil 228 512 187 311 Turkey 250 083 168 428 Morocco 242 355 165 041 Tunisia 46 334 157 695 Angola 22 529 142 844 Italy 67 157 104 397 Other Countries 2 476 799 1 908 897 Total 7 938 975 6 408 834 Source : CNSC
Table 30: Transit traffic in Cameroon (in tonnes) 2017 January-September 2018 Destination Central African Republic 237 414 180 417 Congo 246 844 180 046 Chad 94 533 53 358 Total 578 791 413 821 Origin Central African Republic 138 102 82 672 Congo 4 006 1 668 Chad 366 317 358 756 Total 508 425 444 101 Source : CNSC
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IV. THE ROAD SECTOR
Road transport is the main means used in the movement of goods and persons. The Ministry of Transport through the Department of Road Transport monitors road transport activities as well as those of road safety and prevention.
IV.1. Some statistical trends in the road sector
Table 31 below shows that the number of vehicles registered has decreased since 2016. However, while the number of registered vehicles operating with gasoline has decreased, those operating with diesel have increased steadily since 2016. The corollary could be the impact of the pollution from these vehicles on the environment. Table 31: Total number of vehicles registered per type of energy in Cameroon Labels lines 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 OTHERS 2,076 2,314 1,632 1,224 1,309 GASOLINE 70,623 76,827 83,191 74,391 53,563 DIESEL FUEL 16,874 18,468 16,897 16,744 23,202 Overall Total 89,573 97,609 101,720 92,379 78,074 Source: HTT/MINT. Vehicles include buses, vans, trucks, agricultural machinery, public works machinery, special machinery, minibuses, motorcycles, semi-trailer, tractor unit, tricycles, utility vehicle, passenger car.
As concerns the age of registered vehicles, Table 32 indicates that after witnessing an increase in the number of vehicles over the age of fifteen from 2014 to 2017, we noticed a decrease in their number in 2018. On the other hand, the number of vehicles aged five to fifteen has registered a continuous decrease since 2014. The high number of vehicles less than a year old is due to motorcycles, which are generally new. Table 32: Total number of vehicles registered per age in Cameroon Labels lines 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 OTHERS 21 5 1 LESS THAN ONE YEAR OLD 48,406 48,928 53,175 35,391 33,744 1 TO 15 YEARS 4,450 6,256 6,206 12,362 9,655 5 TO 10 YEARS 3,132 3,745 3,562 2,762 2,344 10 TO 15 YEARS 10,962 11,555 10,856 9,565 6,500 15 TO 20 YEARS 13,288 15,711 15,837 17,921 12,982 20 YEARS AND ABOVE 9,314 11,409 12,084 14,378 12,014 Overall Total 89,573 97,609 101,720 92,379 77,239 Source: HTT/MINT. Vehicles include buses, vans, trucks, agricultural machinery, public works machinery, special machinery, minibuses, motorcycles, semi-trailer, tractor unit, tricycles, utility vehicle, passenger car. As concerns the number of driving licences, we note a gradual decrease since 2015 (Table 33). Per category, all driving licences recorded reductions in number except categories G and T (Table 34). As concerns the gender dimension of driving licenses, we observed that between 2017 and 2018, while the number of men decreased that of women increased slightly (Table 35).
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Table 33: Number of driving licences per region Years 2015 2016 2017 2018 Adamawa 5875 6165 5927 5191 Centre 38433 44614 32078 27242 East 4089 4157 3766 16070 Far-North 6633 7024 5432 3568 Littoral 40515 38044 32476 5384 North 5647 5631 4685 31406 North-West 14192 9503 5541 4102 West 12969 11587 10922 6026 South 2749 2278 2055 9830 South-West 7074 8616 7922 1930 Ministry 10041 7186 8599 6511 Total 148217 144805 119403 117260 Source: PRESSPRINT/MINT.
Table 34: Number of driving licences per Category Categories 2015 2016 2017 2018 A 10463 12492 6751 6107 A1 0 0 0 1 B 106892 102695 88425 86449 C 9006 9010 8180 7939 D 6412 5354 4747 4294 E 10725 9687 9136 8706 FA1 2 0 1 2 FA 1 1 1 5 FB 20 29 17 16 G 1667 1753 2125 2351 T 3029 3784 34 1390 Total 148217 144805 119417 117260 Source: PRESSPRINT/MINT.
Table 35: number of licences per gender and per year GENDERS 2015 2016 2017 2018 Men 126959 124716 101933 99438 Women 21258 20089 17470 17822 Total 148217 144805 119403 117260 Source: PRESSPRINT/MINT.
Table 36: Total number of vehicles registered per tonnage in Cameroon YEARS 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Others 104 Equivalent to one tonne 43 25 36 29 48 Less than one tonne 75,649 82,109 87,827 79,523 66,291 Higher than one tonne 13,881 15,371 13,857 12,827 11,735 Overall Total 89,573 97,609 101,720 92,379 78,074 Source: HTT/MINT. Vehicles include buses, vans, trucks, agricultural machinery, public works machinery, special machinery, minibuses, motorcycles, semi-trailer, tractor unit, tricycles, utility vehicle, passenger car.
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IV.2. Summary tables of road transport statistical data
Table 37: Vehicles registered per region and per type of energy YEARS 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 ADAMAWA 2,965 3,297 4,548 2,863 2353 OTHERS 166 148 62 19 34 GASOLINE 2,350 2,713 4,154 2,561 2045 DIESEL FUEL 449 436 332 283 274 CENTRE 24,696 25,858 27,388 29,252 23,631 OTHERS 185 190 96 73 58 GASOLINE 18,597 19,982 22,167 23,134 9192 DIESEL FUEL 5,914 5,686 5,125 6,045 14,381 EAST 3,536 2,838 2,448 2,667 1718 OTHERS 47 24 14 7 5 GASOLINE 3,188 2,551 2,222 2,521 1277 DIESEL FUEL 301 263 212 139 436 FAR NORTH 7,031 7,420 6,894 3,572 4024 OTHERS 35 56 26 9 4 GASOLINE 6,763 7,079 6,600 3,264 3807 DIESEL FUEL 233 285 268 299 213 LITTORAL 27,110 30,403 32,435 32,602 27,244 OTHERS 1,492 1,745 1,269 1,055 1,143 GASOLINE 18,045 19,937 23,069 23,344 20,460 DIESEL FUEL 7,573 8,721 8,097 8,203 5,641 NORTH 6,186 8,026 8,252 6,591 7,112 OTHERS 67 91 35 37 29 GASOLINE 5,706 7,456 7,730 6,242 6,782 DIESEL FUEL 413 479 487 312 301 NORTH-WEST 3,128 5,048 6,854 5,530 4,422 OTHERS 5 14 15 4 GASOLINE 2,174 3,781 5,789 5,085 2,895 DIESEL FUEL 949 1,253 1,050 445 1,523 WEST 7,928 7,680 6,487 4,620 4,555 OTHERS 11 12 14 3 1 GASOLINE 7,513 7,141 6,038 4,299 4,396 DIESEL FUEL 404 527 435 318 158 SOUTH-WEST 4,278 5,613 5,289 3,464 2,337 OTHERS 16 19 88 6 21 GASOLINE 3,810 4,997 4,592 3,127 2,135 DIESEL FUEL 452 597 609 331 181 SOUTH 2,715 1,426 1,125 1,218 678 OTHERS 52 15 13 35 10 GASOLINE 2,477 1,190 830 814 574 DIESEL FUEL 186 221 282 369 94 Overall Total 89,573 97,609 101,720 92,379 78,074 Source: HTT/MINT. Vehicles include buses, vans, trucks, agricultural machinery, public works machinery, special machinery, minibuses, motorcycles, semi-trailer, tractor unit, tricycles, utility vehicle, passenger car.
Table 38: Vehicles registered per region and per age YEARS 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 ADAMAWA 2,965 3,297 4,548 2,863 2353 OTHERS 1 LESS THAN ONE YEAR OLD 1,530 1,749 2,900 1,201 780 1 TO 15 YEARS 233 277 463 495 359 5 TO 10 YEARS 77 91 84 81 129 10 TO 15 YEARS 339 269 281 219 240 15 TO 20 YEARS 536 603 470 351 358 20 YEARS AND ABOVE 249 308 350 516 487 CENTRE 24,696 25,858 27,388 29,252 23,631 OTHERS 6 LESS THAN ONE YEAR OLD 11,747 11,487 13,332 8,403 8454 1 TO 15 YEARS 719 1,321 1,021 2,913 2228 5 TO 10 YEARS 1,125 1,102 997 868 693 10 TO 15 YEARS 3,671 3,533 3,306 3,686 2592 15 TO 20 YEARS 4,182 4,684 4,797 7,230 4960 20 YEARS AND ABOVE 3,246 3,731 3,935 6,152 4704
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YEARS 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 EAST 3,536 2,838 2,448 2,667 1718 OTHERS 3 1 LESS THAN ONE YEAR OLD 2,559 1,983 1,660 1,270 929 1 TO 15 YEARS 252 207 180 851 375 5 TO 10 YEARS 38 52 39 31 30 10 TO 15 YEARS 159 146 111 83 57 15 TO 20 YEARS 311 239 243 160 122 20 YEARS AND ABOVE 214 210 215 272 205 FAR NORTH 7,031 7,420 6,894 3,572 4024 LESS THAN ONE YEAR OLD 5,270 4,990 5,239 2,304 3003 1 TO 15 YEARS 758 1,380 509 247 249 5 TO 10 YEARS 130 186 146 78 89 10 TO 15 YEARS 288 258 305 294 221 15 TO 20 YEARS 328 371 381 359 223 20 YEARS AND ABOVE 257 235 314 290 239 LITTORAL 27,110 30,403 32,435 32,602 27,244 OTHERS 5 2 1 LESS THAN ONE YEAR OLD 11,763 11,742 12,503 10,433 10,349 1 TO 15 YEARS 1,047 1,324 2,420 4,057 2618 5 TO 10 YEARS 1,358 1,733 1,706 1,409 1154 10 TO 15 YEARS 4,944 5,513 5,159 4,309 3449 15 TO 20 YEARS 4,984 6,384 6,771 7,749 5645 20 YEARS AND ABOVE 3,009 3,705 3,876 4,645 5645 NORTH 6,186 8,026 8,252 6,591 7112 OTHERS 1 LESS THAN ONE YEAR OLD 4,506 5,548 5,760 4,323 5301 1 TO 15 YEARS 413 655 481 979 734 5 TO 10 YEARS 164 241 261 117 115 10 TO 15 YEARS 321 478 564 306 254 15 TO 20 YEARS 507 723 735 360 305 20 YEARS AND ABOVE 274 381 451 506 403 NORTH-WEST 3,128 5,048 6,854 5,530 4422 OTHERS 1 LESS THAN ONE YEAR OLD 385 1,660 3,797 2,937 1793 1 TO 15 YEARS 126 220 347 1,177 1087 5 TO 10 YEARS 91 142 98 33 40 10 TO 15 YEARS 478 551 421 194 207 15 TO 20 YEARS 1,066 1,216 1,000 521 514 20 YEARS AND ABOVE 981 1,259 1,191 668 781 WEST 7,928 7,680 6,487 4,620 4555 OTHERS 2 1 LESS THAN ONE YEAR OLD 6,376 5,905 4,938 2,896 2282 1 TO 15 YEARS 524 523 460 734 1402 5 TO 10 YEARS 45 65 53 51 42 10 TO 15 YEARS 182 196 117 106 73 15 TO 20 YEARS 400 399 325 308 241 20 YEARS AND ABOVE 399 591 594 525 515 SOUTH-WEST 4,278 5,613 5,289 3,464 2337 OTHERS 1 1 LESS THAN ONE YEAR OLD 2,165 3,106 2,598 1,322 569 1 TO 15 YEARS 240 262 270 741 507 5 TO 10 YEARS 75 92 104 35 42 10 TO 15 YEARS 422 460 441 201 184 15 TO 20 YEARS 790 868 893 578 483 20 YEARS AND ABOVE 585 824 983 587 552 SOUTH 2,715 1,426 1,125 1,218 678 OTHERS 1 LESS THAN ONE YEAR OLD 2,105 758 448 302 284 1 TO 15 YEARS 138 87 55 168 96 5 TO 10 YEARS 29 41 74 59 10 10 TO 15 YEARS 158 151 151 167 57 15 TO 20 YEARS 184 224 222 305 131 20 YEARS AND ABOVE 100 165 175 217 100 Overall Total 89,573 97,609 101,720 92,379 78,074 Source: HTT/MINT. Vehicles include buses, vans, trucks, agricultural machinery, public works machinery, special machinery, minibuses, motorcycles, semi-trailer, tractor unit, tricycles, utility vehicle, passenger car.
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Table 39: Public road transport charts per region YEAR 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 ADAMAWA 1,776 1,086 783 511 531 Public road transport chart 1,515 889 628 413 458 Transport Licence 261 197 155 98 73 CENTRE 7,113 5,992 5,460 5,999 5884 Public road transport chart 4,635 3,932 3,424 3,664 3719 Transport Licence 2,478 2,060 2,036 2,335 2165 EAST 1,748 580 249 293 167 Public road transport chart 1,652 501 180 259 132 Transport Licence 96 79 69 34 35 FAR NORTH 548 518 459 310 230 Public road transport chart 416 394 357 246 187 Transport Licence 132 124 102 64 42 LITTORAL 15,912 11,554 8,584 5,887 4899 Public road transport chart 13,562 9,174 6,112 4,111 3449 Transport Licence 2,350 2,380 2,472 1,776 1450 NORTH 450 525 376 259 278 Public road transport chart 336 359 262 182 196 Transport Licence 114 166 114 77 82 NORTH-WEST 2,042 2,465 1,659 488 643 Public road transport chart 1,250 1,475 1,017 311 436 Transport Licence 792 990 642 177 207 WEST 2,196 1,320 1,118 941 1021 Public road transport chart 1,794 932 774 670 783 Transport Licence 402 388 344 271 238 SOUTH-WEST 1,268 1,412 1,571 548 390 Public road transport chart 615 685 854 322 232 Transport Licence 653 727 717 226 158 SOUTH 135 84 97 94 101 Public road transport chart 90 55 68 81 69 Transport Licence 45 29 29 13 32 Overall Total 33,188 25,536 20,356 15,330 14,144 Source: HTT/MINT. The public road transport chart includes: Freight transport, Interurban passenger transport, Urban passenger transport. The license is categorized into 1st category, 2nd category, 3rd category, 4th category, Special S1, Special S2 motorcycle taxi; Special S3.
Table 40: Total number of public road transport charts Type 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Public road transport chart 25,865 18,396 13,676 10,259 9,661 Others 349 257 157 124 113 Transport of goods 15,720 10,430 6,607 4,684 4,694 Inter-urban transport of persons 2,754 1,912 1,593 1,260 1,046 Urban transport of persons 7,042 5,797 5,319 4,191 3,808 Transport Licence 7,323 7,140 6,680 5,071 4,483 1st category 4,712 4,315 4,488 3,492 3,058 2nd category 722 804 676 491 372 3rd category 1,665 1,687 1,341 1,022 950 4th category 30 45 36 33 49 5th category 2 Special S1 11 46 21 3 12 Special S2 motor bike taxi 163 219 109 18 13 Special S3 20 24 9 8 9 Special S4 4 18 Overall Total 33,188 25,536 20,356 15,330 14,144 Source: HTT/MINT. Vehicles include buses, vans, trucks, agricultural machinery, public works machinery, special machinery, minibuses, motorcycles, semi-trailer, tractor unit, tricycles, utility vehicle, passenger car.
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Table 41: Road accidents Years 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 MATERIAL DAMAGES Number of accidents 861 828 860 767 821 769 876 582 PHYSICAL DAMAGES Number of accidents 1837 1629 1524 1407 1388 1286 1207 1068 DEATHLY ACCIDENTS Number of accidents 954 1065 1014 867 852 841 809 691 TOTAL ACCIDENTS (MATERIALS + PHYSICAL + DEATHLY) Total accidents 3652 3522 3398 3071 3064 2896 2895 2341 NUMBER OF PERSONS INJURED Wounded 5575 4980 4284 4630 4043 4058 4234 3435 NUMBER OF DEATHS Deaths 1328 1588 1058 1170 1081 1091 1196 929 Source: SED Table 42: Total number per licence type per year Type 2015 2016 2017 2018 - proficiency certificate 752 1166 585 545 Certificate of competence 0 0 0 0 Conversion from foreign to national 1491 1075 1142 971 Conversion from military to civil 83 89 102 117 Duplicate new licence 20520 21786 20323 22594 Duplicate old licence 14804 8901 9565 7564 Extension new licence 10472 12421 12037 12085 Extension old licence 2760 2156 571 390 New international licence 923 872 532 518 New national licence 71926 79142 64394 62651 Renewal new licence 3608 4568 7606 7656 Renewal old licence 18593 9999 709 253 Renewal old competence certificate 565 403 14 17 Renewal new competence certificate 448 1036 462 734 Duplicate old competence certificate 628 397 268 180 Renewal new competence certificate 644 794 837 853 Renewal of international licence 0 0 256 132 Total 148217 144805 119403 117260 Source: PRESSPRINT/MINT
Table 43: Total number of licences per age and per year Age groups 2015 2016 2017 2018 16-20 5253 5939 4924 4972 21-25 21887 23309 20041 19693 26-30 28053 30088 24905 24597 31-35 27029 26775 22412 21897 36-40 21504 20600 16976 16605 41-45 15442 14140 11420 11647 46-50 10791 9137 7296 7013 51-55 7854 6303 4945 4587 56- 60 5741 4531 3486 3278 4662 3984 3565 2971 Total 148216 144806 119970 117260 Source: PRESSPRINT/MINT
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IV.3. Annual evolution of traffic on transit corridors
Table 44: Annual traffic development on the Cameroon-CAR corridor 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 IMPORT EXPORT IMPORT EXPORT IMPORT IMPORT EXPORT IMPORT EXPORT IMPORT Tonnage 370,627 153,350 292,274 150,565 450,987 370,627 153,350 292,274 150,565 450,987 Movements of vehicles 14,292 5,994 11,678 3,391 15,203 14,292 5,994 11,678 3,391 15,203 Annual tonnage 421,409 442,839 679,941 607,255 519,717 Annual Movements of vehicles 14,783 15,069 23,353 22,642 24,566 Source: BGFT. NB: These are the transit of goods via Cameroon, imports and exports from CAR, Chad, Congo, Gabon and Equatorial Guinea respectively.
Table 45: Annual traffic development on the Cameroon- Chad corridor 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 IMPORT EXPORT IMPORT EXPORT IMPORT IMPORT EXPORT IMPORT EXPORT IMPORT Tonnage 517,699 124,263 612,041 97,572 785,761 517,699 124,263 612,041 97,572 785,761 Movements of vehicles 18,190 4,972 24,490 3,902 31,441 18,190 4,972 24,490 3,902 31,441 Annual tonnage 903,734 709,613 911,028 600,080 819,221 Annual Movements of vehicles 36,162 28,392 36,453 21,086 Source: BGFT. N, Congo, Gabon and Equatorial Guinea respectively.
Table 46: Annual traffic development on the Cameroon- Congo corridor 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 IMPORT EXPORT IMPORT EXPORT IMPORT IMPORT EXPORT IMPORT EXPORT IMPORT Tonnage 20,174 223,568 42,568 179,065 34,306 20,174 223,568 42,568 179,065 34,306 Movements of vehicles 1,004 7,606 2,008 5,365 2,285 1,004 7,606 2,008 5,365 2,285 Annual tonnage 272,384 221,633 237,781 280,142 194,724 Annual Movements of vehicles 10,096 7,373 9,674 11,334 8,536 Source: BGFT. NB: These are the transit of goods via Cameroon, imports and exports from CAR, Chad, Congo, Gabon and Equatorial Guinea respectively.
Table 47: Annual traffic development on the Cameroon-Gabon corridor 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 IMPORT EXPORT IMPORT EXPORT IMPORT IMPORT EXPORT IMPORT EXPORT IMPORT Tonnage 13,386.66 4,864 9,351.86 2,331.26 12,538 13,386.66 4,864 9,351.86 2,331.26 12,538 Movements of vehicles 2,616 181 2,239 171 2,076 2,616 181 2,239 171 2,076 Annual tonnage 16,733 11,683.12 17,007 15,851 17,448 Annual Movements of vehicles 2,551 2,410 2,393 2,794 2,968 Source: BGFT. NB: These are the transit of goods via Cameroon, imports and exports from CAR, Chad, Congo, Gabon and Equatorial Guinea respectively.
Table 48: Annual traffic development on the Cameroon-Equatorial Guinea corridor 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 IMPORT EXPORT IMPORT EXPORT IMPORT IMPORT EXPORT IMPORT EXPORT IMPORT Tonnage 758.75 1,912 347.89 3,117.29 644 758.75 1,912 347.89 3,117.29 644 Movements of vehicles 136 130 35 183 134 136 130 35 183 134 Annual tonnage 3,507 3,465.18 3,920 4,604 2,539 Annual Movements of vehicles 378 218 368 394 235 Source: BGFT. NB: These are the transit of goods via Cameroon, imports and exports from CAR, Chad, Congo, Gabon and Equatorial Guinea respectively.
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V. SEASONAL CLIMATOLOGICAL FORECAST
The seasonal climate forecast is an estimate of the future development or forecast of the next two three-month overlapping seasons, for example the period from September-October-November (SON) and the period from October-November- December (OND), examining the historical, current and forecast information available. A seasonal forecast is therefore a forecast of the likely difference between season and climatology (Justin Sheffield et al. 2014) This is the description of the average weather parameters expressed in deviations from the average values for this season. Seasonal climate forecasts are generally expressed in probabilistic form. Forecasts are given in probabilistic form due to the inability to take into account all the factors that determine the future of the seasonal climate due to dynamic chaos. Seasonal climatological forecasting includes the evaluation of the results of global world forecasting systems, seasonal statistical forecasting tools, analysis of climate variability using time series, analog years, persistence analyses, composites and trends, as well as climate studies at local, national, regional and global levels. The association of year-to-year variation in rainfall with the identified large- scale pattern of sea surface temperature in the global ocean has significantly improved the prediction of seasonal rainfall. This relationship has proven to be a scientific justification for skilful predictions. Above-average rainfall is defined as being in the wettest third of the average rainfall over 30 years, below the average. One third of the driest and near average precipitation is understood as the middle third being centered on the climatological median. In order to improve the quality of the seasonal climate forecasting methodology, nine (9) steps (see Fig1) are implemented. This will include a compilation of models and approaches to reduce forecast uncertainty and improve the reliability of forecast results.
V.1. Methodology
- Make the cumulative seasonal precipitation (sum of total rainfall over 3 months); -Calculate anomalies (current seasonal rainfall - long-term average seasonal rainfall (1981-2010); -Trace for each season for each region according to the selected window; -Downloading data from the data library using a script or collecting observed data in situ.
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V.2. Steps for achieving seasonal forecast
Graph 11: The nine steps to achieve the seasonal forecast PROCEDURE OPERATIONNELLE DE LA PREVISION DE LONGUE ECHEANCE (PREVISION SAISONNIERE) SAWIDRA-AC
IdentificationVariability des and années trend sèches: Step et humides
1 Identification of wet and dry years Step Composite analysis of SST Step 3 in connection with ▪ BRIEFING 2 precipitation
CLIMATESERVICE
TECHNICAL ▪ CONSENSUS StatistcalIdentification analysis des années sèches NOTE Idedentifying similar years TECHNIQUE based on ocean SST PRODUCTS ▪ SYNTHESIS
Development of the AND
statistical forecast using ANALYSIS the CPT tool ▪ ELABORATIO N OF FORCAST IdentificationAnalysis des of annéesproducts sèches et humides from major centers Analysis of observed and forecasted SSTs in ocean basins Analysis of observed and forecast precipitation
Source: MINT
V.3 Seasonal forecast for Central Africa for SON and OND 2019
Graph 12: Forecast for SON 2019 (left) and OND 2019 (right)
Source: MINT
The above seasonal forecast is a three-category forecast: (a) Above average (A); (b) Near average (N) and (C) below average (B).
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V.4 Seasonal forecast of Cameroon
From the sub regional forecast, the country forecast is deduced by a downscaling. Taking into account analogous years [previous years where the behaviour of sea surface temperatures (SSTs) of ocean basins are similar / close to those of the current year and those planned for the next three months]. The SSTs of ocean basins in dry years (1983, 1984, 2001, 2003, 1994 ----) in Cameroon presented a situation below. Graph 13: Average of global SST anomalies for dry years (left) and average rainfall for the SON season in Cameroon (right) for dry years
Source: MINT Average analyses of the SSTs observed in the ocean basins during SON, show neutral to hot situations in the Atlantic Gulf of Guinea, hot-to-cold in tropical Indian and cold in equatorial east Pacific. These produced the rainfall for the SON season in Cameroon in deficit quantities, but much greater in the Highlands of the great West and the western part of Adamawa with a general decrease from the South towards the interior of the national territory The NOAA anomalies model for July and August 2019 and the NMME model for SON predict almost a similar situation for ocean basins. Graph 14: Monthly SST anomalies for July to August 2019 (left) and prediction of SST anomalies for SON 2019 (right)
Source: MINT
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Taking into account the variability and trend, the stations of Garoua, Ngaoundéré, Yaoundé and Douala were chosen for their continuity and long series of data, as representative of the climate of the regions. The analyses of the evolution and trends as well as the accumulations with particular emphasis on similar years are in the appendices.
V.5. Seasonal climate forecast of precipitation
September-October-November 2019 V.5.1– Map of Probabilities Graph 15: Seasonal forecast of ❑ The normal rainfall considered is that of the Cameroon for SON 2019 period 1981-2010 SUMMARY For the September-October-November-December 2019 season, it has been planned: ❑ Excess rainfall in the Forest Zone comprising the East, the Center, Regions, the southern part of Adamawa and the eastern part of the South. Seasonal totals will be between 100 and 130% of normal.
❑ A predominantly normal to surplus rainfall in the Plateau Zone which extends over the Adamawa Region, the northwest, the west and the northern part of the southwest. The cumulative rainfall will approach those of 2001.
❑ Normal rainfall with a deficit trend in the Coastal Zone consisting of the coastal border of the Littoral regions, southern part of the South-west and the eastern part of the South. Seasonal totals will be similar to those for Source: MINT 1991.
EXPLANATORY NOTE NB: ❑ The figures in the boxes correspond to the More detailed daily and monthly forecasts will be percentage probabilities (%) for the cumulative released to clarify the progress of the season. rainfall during the season to be in a category. For further advice and assistance, and to obtain The category above normal corresponds to the updates, consult the Service of Climatology and upper box, the normal close to the middle box Data Bank, Directorate of National Meteorology, and finally the category below normal to the Ministry of Transport. lower box.
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V.6. Forecast analysis for politicians and decision-makers
Planned Predicted Zone / region Potential impacts Advise and measures rainfall climatic hazards - Local flood / flash - Sensitize communities flood against the risks of heavy - Landslides and rain and flooding erosions - Avoid that people settle - Water-related in shallows diseases - Reposition emergency Frequency of - Break up of Forest Zone/ stocks and simplified alert heavy rainfall hydraulic structures The East, Centre system in case of flooding sometimes for hydro dam and Regions, the - Encourage and develop accompanied by bridges Excess southern part of fluvial transport in fluvial strong wind and - Good river Adamawa, the rivers huge electric transport campaign East of the - Reinforcement of shock with risk - Pollution of drinking South hygiene measures of flooding water pumping - Pollution prevention stations from pumping stations for - Risk of lightning drinking water from humans and - Avoid electromagnetic animals zones during heavy - Falling trees and rainfalls. electric poles Plateau zone / Isolated case of High probability Adamawa floods of moderate to - Vigilance in the event Normal Region, North- - minimum risk of heavy rainfall resurgence of floods to West, West and cases of waterborne sometimes - Vigilance for water- excess the northern diseases accompanied by related diseases part of the - Good agricultural strong winds. South-West season - Practice of new - Water stress / agricultural techniques wilting of plants Coastal Zone / (irrigation) Slightly - Decreased Littoral Regions, -- Use of resistant irregular, weak agricultural and Normal southern part of varieties and short cycle and isolated, pasture production to deficit the South-west - Store food sometimes - Disturbance of and the western - Rationalize the use of violent rainfalls hydroelectric part of the South water resources and production electrical energy - Depletion of land - Advices to aquaculture Source: MINT
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V.7. Appendix
Graph A.1: Anomaly and trend for Ngaoundéré Anomaly and trend for Ngaoundéré 600,0 400,0 200,0 0,0 -200,0
-400,0
1993 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2013 2014 2016 2017 2018
Anomalie Linéaire (Anomalie)
Source: MINT
Graph A.2: Cumulative rainfall over the years compared to 125% and 75% of the normal trend for Ngaoundéré. The current year (2019) was above average from May until July 28 with a normal to surplus trend Accumulation of rainfall for Ngaoundere 2000 1500 1000 500
0
3/6 1/1 3/2 7/3 9/4 1/5 6/7 8/8
12/1 23/1 14/2 25/2 18/3 29/3 20/4 12/5 23/5 14/6 25/6 17/7 28/7 19/8 30/8 10/9 21/9 2/10 4/11 7/12
29/12 13/10 24/10 15/11 26/11 18/12
CUMUL MOY CUMUL 1991 CUMUL 2002 CUMUL 2004 cumul 2018 cumul 2019 125% 75% cumul 1994
Source: MINT
Graph A.3: The anomalies standardized for the SON season in Douala with a decreasing trend with maximum variability of the index of around -3 in 2012. Standardized SON Anomaly for Douala 3,0 2,0 1,0 0,0 -1,0 -2,0 -3,0 -4,0
Anomalie Standarlisé Linéaire (Anomalie Standarlisé)
Source: MINT
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Graph A.4: Cumulative rainfall years compared to 125% and 75% of the normal trend for, the year 2004 is in deficit, 1994 is normal surplus trend and 2002 surplus normal trend with a surplus in 2006 5000,0 Cumulative rainfall profile for Douala 4000,0
3000,0
2000,0
1000,0
0,0
8/8 1/1 3/2 7/3 9/4 1/5 3/6 6/7
18/3 12/1 23/1 14/2 25/2 29/3 20/4 12/5 23/5 14/6 25/6 17/7 28/7 19/8 30/8 10/9 21/9 2/10 4/11 7/12
29/12 13/10 24/10 15/11 26/11 18/12
cumulmoy cumul1991 cumul2002 cumul2004 cumul2006 cumul2009 cumul 2018 125% 75% cumul 1994
Source: MINT
Graph A.5: The anomalies and trends for Yaoundé Anomaly and trend for Yaounde 600,0 400,0 200,0 0,0 -200,0 -400,0 -600,0
-800,0
1985 1981 1983 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2017
Anomalie Linéaire (Anomalie)
Source: MINT
Graph A.6: Cumulative rainfall over the years compared to 125% and 75% of the normal trend for Yaoundé 2500 Cumulative rainfall profile for Douala 2000
1500
1000
500
0
1/1 3/6 3/2 7/3 9/4 1/5 6/7 8/8
18/3 12/1 23/1 14/2 25/2 29/3 20/4 12/5 23/5 14/6 25/6 17/7 28/7 19/8 30/8 10/9 21/9 2/10 4/11 7/12
13/10 24/10 15/11 26/11 18/12 29/12
cumulMoy cumul1991 cumul2002 cumul2004 cumul2006 cumul2009 125% moyen 75% moyen cumul 1994
Source: MINT
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Graph A.7: Anomaly and trend for Garoua Anomaly and trend for Garoua 600,0 400,0 200,0 0,0 -200,0 -400,0 -600,0
Anomalie Linéaire (Anomalie)
Source: MINT
Graph A.8: Cumulative rainfall over the years compared to 125% and 75% of the normal trend for Garoua Cumulative rainfall profile for Garoua 1500
1000
500
0
cumul Moy Cumul 1991 cumul 2002 cumul 2004 cumul 2009 cumul 2017 cumul 2018 cumul 2019 125% 75% cumul 1994
Source: MINT
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GRAPHS LIST
Graph 1: Quarterly breakdown of real GDP (in billions FCFA) ...... 7 Graph 2: Quarterly variation in real GDP (%) ...... 7 Graph 3 : Monthly evolution of the transport price index and general price level ...... 9 Graph 4: Annual Evolution of Traffic on the Cameroon-CEMAC Corridor ...... 10 Graph 5: Passenger traffic ...... 11 Graph 6: Aircraft Movement ...... 11 Graph 7: Transit passenger traffic ...... 12 Graph 8: Evolution of the number of equipment ...... 18 Graph 9: Evolution of the degree of productivity ...... 19 Graph 10: Number of berths in the CSA program ...... 22 Graph 11: The nine steps to achieve the seasonal forecast ...... 36 Graph 12: Forecast for SON 2019 (left) and OND 2019 (right)...... 36 Graph 13: Average of global SST anomalies for dry years (left) and average rainfall for the SON season in Cameroon (right) for dry years ...... 37 Graph 14: Monthly SST anomalies for July to August 2019 (left) and prediction of SST anomalies for SON 2019 (right) ...... 37 Graph 15: Seasonal forecast of ...... 38 Cameroon for SON 2019 ...... 38 Graph A.1: Anomaly and trend for Ngaoundéré ...... 40 Graph A.2: Cumulative rainfall over the years compared to 125% and 75% of the normal trend for Ngaoundéré. The current year (2019) was above average from May until July 28 with a normal to surplus trend ...... 40 Graph A.3: The anomalies standardized for the SON season in Douala with a decreasing trend with maximum variability of the index of around -3 in 2012...... 40 Graph A.4: Cumulative rainfall years compared to 125% and 75% of the normal trend for, the year 2004 is in deficit, 1994 is normal surplus trend and 2002 surplus normal trend with a surplus in 2006 ...... 41 Graph A.5: The anomalies and trends for Yaoundé ...... 41 Graph A.6: Cumulative rainfall over the years compared to 125% and 75% of the normal trend for Yaoundé ...... 41 Graph A.7: Anomaly and trend for Garoua ...... 42 Graph A.8: Cumulative rainfall over the years compared to 125% and 75% of the normal trend for Garoua 42
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LIST OF TABLES
Table 1: Evolution of passenger traffic per airports ...... 13 Table 2: Freight traffic per airports ...... 13 Table 3: Aircraft Movements per Airports ...... 16 Table 4: Passenger Transit per Airports ...... 17 Table 5: Evolution of the number of equipment ...... 19 Table 6: Evolution of the degree of productivity...... 19 Table 7: Estimated number of level crossings ...... 19 Table 8: Satisfaction Survey ...... 20 Table 9: Rolling Stock Fleet ...... 20 Table 10: Evolution of overall traffic in the railway sector ...... 20 Table 11: Evolution of freight traffic ...... 20 Table 12: Evolution of goods traffic by type of goods in tonnes (1000t) ...... 20 Table 13: Evolution of passenger traffic (semi-direct and omnibus trains) number of passengers in thousands ...... 21 Table 14: Evolution of passenger traffic ...... 21 Table 15: Evolution of passenger traffic per line ...... 21 Table 16: PAD Performance Indicators...... 23 Table 17: PAK Performance Indicators ...... 23 Table 18: Implementation of certain procedures relating to the ISPS Code at PAK ...... 23 Table 19: Evolution of port traffic at the PAD ...... 24 Table 20: Coasting Trade Traffic at PAD ...... 24 Table 21: Structure of traffic per major product families at the PAD ...... 24 Table 22: Container Traffic at the PAD ...... 25 Table 23: Traffic of the Central African Republic transiting through the PAD ...... 25 Table 24: Traffic of Chad transiting through the PAD ...... 25 Table 25: Container traffic at the PAK ...... 26 Table 26: Cargo Traffic at the Port of Limbe ...... 26 Table 27: Traffic per type of packaging (in tonnes) ...... 26 Table 28: Traffic with main destination countries (in tonnes) ...... 26 Table 29: Traffic with main countries of origin (in tonnes) ...... 27 Table 30: Transit traffic in Cameroon (in tonnes) ...... 27 Table 31: Total number of vehicles registered per type of energy in Cameroon ...... 28 Table 32: Total number of vehicles registered per age in Cameroon ...... 28 Table 33: Number of driving licences per region ...... 29 Table 34: Number of driving licences per Category ...... 29 Table 35: number of licences per gender and per year ...... 29 Table 36: Total number of vehicles registered per tonnage in Cameroon ...... 29 Table 37: Vehicles registered per region and per type of energy ...... 30 Table 40: Total number of public road transport charts ...... 32 Table 41: Road accidents ...... 33 Table 42: Total number per licence type per year ...... 33 Table 44: Annual traffic development on the Cameroon-CAR corridor ...... 34 Table 45: Annual traffic development on the Cameroon- Chad corridor ...... 34 Table 46: Annual traffic development on the Cameroon- Congo corridor ...... 34 Table 47: Annual traffic development on the Cameroon-Gabon corridor ...... 34 Table 48: Annual traffic development on the Cameroon-Equatorial Guinea corridor ...... 34
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
PRODUCTION TEAM ...... ii LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ...... iii FOREWORD ...... iv GENERAL INTRODUCTION ...... 6 1. Transport: a key sector for GDP growth ...... 6 2. Transport: an instrument in the fight against inflation ...... 7 3. Transport: a lever for cross-border trade ...... 9 I. THE AVIATION SECTOR ...... 11 I.1. Some statistical trends in the aviation sector ...... 11 I.2. Summary tables of statistical data on air transport ...... 12 II. THE RAILWAY SECTOR ...... 18 II.1. Some statistical trends of the railway sector ...... 18 II.2 Summary tables of statistical data of the railway sector ...... 19 III. THE MARITIME AND PORT SECTOR ...... 22 III.1. Some statistical trends in performance criteria ...... 22 III.2 Summary tables of statistical data for the maritime and port sectors ...... 24 IV. THE ROAD SECTOR ...... 28 IV.1. Some statistical trends in the road sector...... 28 IV.2. Summary tables of road transport statistical data ...... 30 IV.3. Annual evolution of traffic on transit corridors ...... 34 V. SEASONAL CLIMATOLOGICAL FORECAST ...... 35 V.1. Methodology ...... 35 V.2. Steps for achieving seasonal forecast ...... 36 V.3 Seasonal forecast for Central Africa for SON and OND 2019 ...... 36 V.4 Seasonal forecast of Cameroon ...... 37 V.5. Seasonal climate forecast of precipitation ...... 38 V.6. Forecast analysis for politicians and decision-makers ...... 39 V.7. Appendix ...... 40 GRAPHS LIST ...... 43 LIST OF TABLES ...... 44
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