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Polymnia Numismatica Antica E Medievale. Studi POLYMNIA NUMISMATICA ANTICA E MEDIEVALE. STUDI 6 SERIES EDITOR: LUCIO CRISTANTE (University of Trieste) SCIENTIFIC BOARD: Arianna D’OTTONE (“Sapienza” University of Rome), Giovanni GORINI (University of Padua), Stefan HEIDEMANN (University of Hamburg), Cécile MORRISSON (Centre d’Histoire et Civilisation de Byzance, Collège de France, Paris; Advisor for numismatics, Dumbarton Oaks, Washington), Andrea SACCOCCI (University of Udine), Robert KOOL (Israel Antiquities Authority-Jerusalem); Secretary: Bruno CALLEGHER (University of Trieste) EDITORIAL STAFF: Bruno CALLEGHER, Arianna D’OTTONE, Ella ZULINI (PHD University of Trieste) The Julio-Claudian and Flavian coins from Rome’s municipal urban excavations: observations on coin circulation in the cities of Latium Vetus and Campania in the 1st century AD / edited by Maria Cristina Molinari ; texts by M. Barbato … [et al.]. – Trieste : EUT, 2015. – p. 195: ill. ; cm. 24 – (Polymnia : numismatica antica e medievale. Studi, 6) ISBN 978-88-8303-522-7 (print) ISBN 978-88-8303-640-8 (online) Monete romane – Circolazione [in] Italia centro-meridionale – Sec. 1. 737. 49376 (WebDewey 2015) – Monete di specifici paesi. Latium 737.49377 (WebDewey 2015) – Monete di specifici paesi. Italia meridionale fino al 476 Il volume è stato sottoposto – nella forma del doppio anonimato – a peer-review di due esperti, di cui alme- no uno esterno allo Scientific Board. I primi sei volumi sono stati sottoposti alla valutazione del Consiglio Scientifico e ai seguenti revisori esterni, nell'ambito delle loro specificità: ANGELO AIROLI, Dipartimento Istituto Italiano di Studi Orientali-Sapienza Università di Roma JOHAN VAN HEESCH, Cabinet des Médailles-Bibliothèque Royale de Belgique, Bruxelles PAOLO DE TROIA, Dipartimento Istituto Italiano di Studi Orientali-Sapienza Università di Roma REINHARD WOLTERS, Universität Wien, Institut für Numismatik und Geldgeschichte, Wien RINA TALGAN, Hebrew University Jerusalem, Israel ZEEV WEISS, Hebrew University Jerusalem, Israel Published by EUT Edizioni Università di Trieste (Italy) Via E. Weiss 21 34128 Trieste – Italia tel ++39 040 558 6183 fax ++39 040 558 6185 http://eut.units.it https://www.facebook.com/EUTEdizioniUniversitaTrieste Copyright © 2015 EUT Edizioni Università di Trieste (Italy) All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior permission of the publisher. The Julio-Claudian and Flavian Coins from Romeʼs Municipal Urban Excavations: Observations on Coin Circulation in the Cities of Latium Vetus and Campania in the 1st Century AD edited by Maria Cristina Molinari texts by M. Barbato, F. Lanna, M.C. Molinari, D. Williams EUT EDIZIONI UNIVERSITÀ DI TRIESTE Table of contents Preface 7 Introduction 9 The Finds by Fabiana Lanna and Maria Cristina Molinari 1) The coins from the Capitoline Coin Cabinet 11 2) The coins of Rome already published in printed form, and those of Ostia, Minturnae, Pompeii and Paestum 14 Augustus 16 by Fabiana Lanna and Maria Cristina Molinari Tiberius 29 by Maria Cristina Molinari An unpublished as by Maria Cristina Molinari 38 A ‘Thesaurus’ from Largo Argentina (Rome) 39 by Marta Barbato Gaius 41 by Daniela Williams Claudius 47 by Fabiana Lanna 6 Nero 59 by Fabiana Lanna The NCAPR countermark 66 by Fabiana Lanna The Interregnum years 67 by Fabiana Lanna The Emperors of the Flavian dynasty (AD 69-96) 70 by Marta Barbato Conclusions 99 by Maria Cristina Molinari Appendix 101 List of Capitoline assemblage considered in the book 117 Bibliography 183 Notes on Authors 195 Preface This book is a valuable contribution to the study of coin circulation in the 1st century of the Empire, from Augustus to Domitian, in Rome and in some cities of Latium Vetus (Ostia and Minturno), as well as in Campania (Pompeii and Paestum). Regard- ing Rome in particular, all the Julio-Claudian and Flavian coins found during the excavations carried out by the Municipality of Rome in the 19th century and, later, by the Governatorato in the 1930s and by the Comune in the post-war period, have been taken into consideration. A dual system of publication was used for the first time: the complete filing of the coins, and related photographs, in digital format (available on the site www.mu- seicapitolini.net) is complemented by a traditional paper format that reports all the pertaining historical and quantitative considerations. All information resulting from the filing of these coins was integrated with the data belonging to already partially published coins coming from the subsoil of Rome; such new records have then been uniformed to the main database using the most recent bibliography. For the realization of the volume, the Capitoline Museums have called upon the collaboration of young scholars who have started their scientific career in Europe with doctorates and post-doctorates. Thanks to their work too, it was possible to out- line a well-defined and clear picture of central Italy’s coin circulation of the st1 centu- ry AD. This is indeed a long-awaited piece of information by the scholars in this field investigating into coin-finds in the Roman imperial western provinces. However, 8 this represents only a first step in the reconstruction of Rome’s monetary circulation in the 1st century AD. Actually this is, in some cases, still completely lacking of the data coming from national excavations, such as those that involved the docks of the Tiber and brought plenty of findings to the light. The book is the first in a series and will soon be followed by other publishing initiatives, such as the catalogue of the Roman Republican coins and of those of the 2nd century AD, that are currently being studied. Claudio Parisi Presicce Sovrintentente Capitolino ai Beni Culturali Introduction This work examines the coins, dating between the Augustan period and the age of Domitian, found in Rome’s central area and published both on paper*1 and – for the coins preserved in the Capitoline Coin Cabinet (Medagliere Capitolino) – on the Internet (website: www.museicapitolini.net). All records, given in percentage, have eventually been compared to the published data regarding the archaeological sites of Ostia, Minturnae, Pompeii and Paestum, in order to delineate the coin circulation in the central area of the Italian peninsula during the early Imperial age. * REECE 1982; VON KAENEL 1984; ROVELLI 1985; TRAVAINI 1985; CANDILIO 1988; KOENIG 1988; RO- VELLI 1989; EADEM 1990; MOLINARI 1995; MUNZI-CAVICCHI 1997; CANDILIO 2008; CATALLI 2008; ZAHLE 2008; PARDI 2011; for the quadrantes from the river Tiber, see KING 1975. The Finds 1. THE COINS FROM THE CAPITOLINE COIN CABINET The Capitoline Coin Cabinet, as is common knowledge,1 was founded in 1872 by Augusto Castellani on the basis of a consistent bequest. At the same time, the opening of this new section of the Museum fulfilled the need to create a space where to ex- hibit and store the increasing amount of new findings that were continuously emerg- ing from the “sottosuolo” of Italy’s new capital and belonged to the municipality.2 At the same time, the newly founded Commissione Archeologica (Archaeological Commission)3 began to file and record the coins and their origin, albeit in a rather generic and inaccurate way.4 In addition to these finds, the Commission also had the task to receive and arrange the bequests provided by some distinguished citizens. It was not until 1889 that the Commission considered it appropriate to appoint a numis- matist, Camillo Serafini,5 to see to the cataloguing of both the material exhibited in the Coin Cabinet and the items preserved by the Archaeological Commission. In 18976 Serafini was given the task to rearrange all the municipal collections of coins that – in the meantime – new acquisitions had enlarged; it is probably on this occasion that Serafini began to draft a new catalogue of the material. The early stage of this work has been recently recognized in some record cards7 preserved in the 1 PANVINI ROSATI COTELLESSA 1960, 3-12; MOLINARI 2004, 115-122; D’OTTONE 2006, 253-268 with bibliographic references. 2 MOLINARI 2010, 15. 3 Ibidem. 4 See the transcriptions in BERTOLDI 1997, 221-245. 5 MOLINARI 2010, 15-16. 6 Ibidem, 16. 7 The size of the cards is cm 14 x 11. They report a generic record of the name of the emperors or of their wives, their position in the exhibition case, their origin and the denomination according to the 12 Coin Cabinet. In such a first inventory Serafini noted down the different origin of the material: on one side the Stanzani and Castellani bequests, on the other the pieces identified by the letters “CA”, which stood for Commissione Archeologica; this lat- ter group included both the better preserved coins coming from the excavations and the small, mostly local, donations.8 Following the purchase of new pieces – among which the specimens of the Sarti collection (1906) stand out as to the imperial age – Serafini deemed it appropriate to reorganize the collection’s display by arranging a topographic mapping of the items summarily filed until March 2nd, 1907,9 as one can infer from the date noted down by Serafini himself on the A3 sheets still preserved in the Coin Cabinet. In this stage, new filing cards were also completed for the impe- rial coins:10 this, nevertheless, was not a full inventory of the specimens, which the curator had divided between those on display and the so-called duplicates. The list excluded all the pieces which had not been restored yet and that were kept in a chest, in a room where the most relevant archaeological finds of the Antiquarium Comu- nale were also stored.11 However, even the imperial coins that had been quantified were not accurately described, nor were they provided with an inventory number.12 If to a certain iden- tification number given by Cohen, more than one “catalogued” item corresponded, Serafini used to add in the filing cards the list of the matching pieces next to the provenance record, but he did not provide any useful detail as to recognize the sin- gle coins.
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