Penetration Strategies for NG Road Transport Use & Proposal for C
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D3.1: Penetration Strategies for NG Road Transport Use & Proposal for C/LNG Refuelling Stations’ Network Plan As part of the Activity 3.1. Natural Gas in Road Transportation: Design Plan VERSION 1 / DRAFT Deliverable 3.1: Penetration Strategies for NG Road Transport Use and Proposal for CNG / LNG Refuelling Stations’ Network Plan As part of the Activity 3.1. Natural Gas in Road Transportation: Design Plan VERSION 1 / DRAFT Responsible Partner: DDL Document Code: Version: 1 Date of Submission: 30/11/2018 Deliverable 3.1 CYnergy is co-financed by the European Union's Connecting Europe Facility. The sole responsibility of this publication lies with the author. The European Union is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information contained therein. Document Details Grant Agreement Number: INEA/CEF/SYN/A2016/1336268 Action Number: 2016-EU-SA-0009 Project Title: CYnergy Activity: 3 Sub-activity: 3.1 Milestone: 12 Document History Version Date Authorized 1 30.11.18 Deliverable 3.1 Contributing Authors DDL Koliousis, Ioannis Efstathiadis, Stylianos Koliousis, Panagiotis Ouzounoglou, Maria Disclaimer The information contained in this document is confidential, privileged and only for the information of the intended recipient and may not be used, published or redistributed without the prior written consent of Decision Dynamics Ltd and/or the Authors. The opinions expressed are in good faith and while every care has been taken in preparing these documents, Decision Dynamics Ltd and/or the Authors make no representations and gives no warranties of whatever nature in respect of these documents, including but not limited to the accuracy or completeness of any information, facts and/or opinions contained therein. These statements are not guarantees of future performance and undue reliance should not be placed on them. Forward-looking statements contained in this report are based upon reasonable assumptions; nevertheless, there can be no assurance that forward-looking statements will prove to be accurate, as actual results and future events could differ materially from those anticipated in such statements. Decision Dynamics Ltd and/or the Authors undertake no responsibility in the way the reader of this report will use the results and the analyses. Decision Dynamics Ltd and/or the Authors, its subsidiaries, the directors, employees and agents cannot be held liable for the use of and reliance of the opinions, estimates, forecasts and findings in these documents. Deliverable 3.1 Deliverable 3.1 Table of Contents Table of Contents .................................................................................................................... 1 List of Figures .......................................................................................................................... 3 List of Tables ........................................................................................................................... 4 1 Deliverable Scoping ......................................................................................................... 6 1.1 Introduction to the Action ....................................................................................... 6 1.2 Introduction to Activity 3 ......................................................................................... 7 1.3 Activity 3.1 .............................................................................................................. 8 2 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 9 3 State of the Art .............................................................................................................. 10 3.1 Legal & Regulatory Context .................................................................................... 10 3.2 Vehicle types ......................................................................................................... 12 4 The Transportation Sector in the EU ............................................................................... 15 4.1 Emission standards ................................................................................................ 15 4.2 Natural Gas Market Overview ................................................................................ 15 4.2.1 Existing NG vehicles and NG Stations ......................................................................... 16 4.2.2 Taxation ...................................................................................................................... 17 4.2.3 Infrastructure ............................................................................................................. 17 4.3 Renewable Energy Directive .................................................................................. 18 4.4 The Fuel Quality Directive ...................................................................................... 18 4.5 Regulations on fuel economy ................................................................................. 19 4.6 Euro Standards of emissions for vehicles ................................................................ 19 5 Cyprus ........................................................................................................................... 21 5.1 Country presentation ............................................................................................. 21 5.2 Transportation sector ............................................................................................ 22 5.3 Renewable energy in transport .............................................................................. 25 5.4 Road Infrastructure ............................................................................................... 25 5.5 Public Transport .................................................................................................... 28 1 Deliverable 3.1 5.6 Case study ............................................................................................................. 29 5.6.1 Integrated Mobility Master Plan for Nicosia .............................................................. 29 5.6.2 Polycentric Nicosia ..................................................................................................... 30 5.6.3 Transport Management Authority ............................................................................. 32 5.6.4 Streetscape Manual .................................................................................................... 32 6 Refueling Station Assignment for C/LNG Vehicles in Cyprus ............................................ 34 6.1 Review of available models for Refueling Station Assignment ................................. 34 6.1.1 Elements of refueling station location problems ....................................................... 34 6.1.2 Approaches for location model .................................................................................. 34 6.1.3 Refueling Demand Estimation .................................................................................... 35 6.2 Cyprus: Case of Study and General Assumptions..................................................... 36 6.2.1 Study Area and Population ......................................................................................... 36 6.2.2 Reference Transportation System of Cyprus .............................................................. 37 6.2.3 Traffic Composition .................................................................................................... 38 6.2.4 Average Annual Vehicle Mileage ................................................................................ 42 6.3 Model Selection .................................................................................................... 43 6.3.1 Basic Scenario ............................................................................................................. 43 6.3.2 Future Demand Scenario ............................................................................................ 45 6.4 Refueling Stations Assignment ............................................................................... 47 2 Deliverable 3.1 List of Figures Figure 1 - Activity 3 Layout................................................................................................ 7 Figure 2 - Total length of the road network in Cyprus in 2015 by road type (Source: Statista) ....................................................................................................................................... 28 Figure 5 – Map of Cyprus ............................................................................................... 37 Figure 6 – Main Airport Locations in Cyprus ................................................................... 49 Figure 7 - The motorway network of Cyprus (source: Department of Public Works) ........ 50 3 Deliverable 3.1 List of Tables Table 1 - The Clean Mobility & Power Package for Transport ......................................... 11 Table 2 - Available NGV models (Source: NGVA Europe, ISUZU Australia) ................... 13 Table 3 - European countries with highest number of NGVs (Source: NGVA 2013a) ...... 15 Table 4 - Sales of non-diesel or petrol passenger cars in selected countries - % of total (Source: ICCT, 2013) ...................................................................................................... 16 Table 5 – Existing NG vehicles and NG Stations (Adapted from NGVA Europe - Statistics