Adventisté Sedmého Dne Mezi Modernou a Postmodernou

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Adventisté Sedmého Dne Mezi Modernou a Postmodernou Jihočeská univerzita v Českých Budějovicích Teologická fakulta Katedra filosofie a religionistiky Disertační práce ADVENTISTÉ SEDMÉHO DNE MEZI MODERNOU A POSTMODERNOU Vedoucí práce: Doc. Mgr. Jaroslav Vokoun, Th.D. Autor práce: Mgr. Bedřich Jetelina Studijní obor: Teologická antropologie a etika Ročník: III. 2012 Prohlašuji, že svoji disertační práci jsem vypracoval samostatně pouze s použitím pramenů a literatury uvedených v seznamu citované literatury. Dále prohlašuji, že v souladu s § 47b zákona č. 111/1998 Sb. v platném znění souhlasím se zveřejněním své disertační práce, a to v nezkrácené podobě, elektronickou cestou ve veřejně přístupné části databáze STAG provozované Jihočeskou univerzitou v Českých Budějovicích na jejích internetových stránkách a to se zachováním mého autorského práva k odevzdanému textu této kvalifikační práce. Souhlasím dále s tím, aby toutéž elektronickou cestou byly v souladu s uvedeným ustanovením zákona č. 111/1998 Sb. zveřejněny posudky oponentů práce i záznam o průběhu a výsledku obhajoby disertační práce. Rovněž souhlasím s porovnáním textu mé kvalifikační práce s databází kvalifikačních prací Theses.cz provozovanou Národním registrem vysokoškolských kvalifikačních prací a systémem na odhalování plagiátů. V Praze 1. října 2012 Děkuji svému školiteli Doc. Mgr. Jaroslavu Vokounovi, Th.D. za cenné rady, připomínky a metodické vedení práce. Dále děkuji své manželce a rodině za trpělivost, kterou se mnou měli během času, který jsem psaní tohoto textu věnoval. Obsah ÚVOD ..................................................................................................................... 6 ČÁST PRVNÍ ADVENTISTÉ A MODERNA ..................................................... 13 1 Historický rámec – americká filosofie náboženství ........................................... 13 1.1 Francis Bacon .................................................................................................. 15 1.2 Thomas Reid v kontextu doby a myšlenkových proudů ................................. 21 1.3 Reidovo paradigma a otázky ........................................................................... 26 1.4 Reidova epistemologie – jak věci poznáváme? .............................................. 31 1.5 Reidův common sense – jak si o věcech vytváříme soudy? ............................ 32 1.6 Reid jako předchůdce teorie mluvních aktů .................................................... 36 1.7 Reidovo pojetí času ......................................................................................... 38 1.8 Vliv baconismu a Reidova common sense na křesťanskou hermeneutiku ...... 40 2 Historické kořeny adventistické věrouky .......................................................... 43 3 Specifické adventistické věroučné body ............................................................ 60 3.1 Vývoj pochopení trinitárního dogmatu v Církvi adventistů sedmého dne ..... 60 3.2 Nauka o nebeské svatyni ................................................................................. 64 3.3 Velký spor (mezi dobrem a zlem) ................................................................... 67 3.4 Církev ostatku ................................................................................................. 69 3.5 Adventistická antropologie – nauka o podmíněné nesmrtelnosti ................... 73 3.6 Učení o Duchu prorockém .............................................................................. 75 3.7 Sobota jako den odpočinutí ............................................................................. 79 3.8 Důsledky adventistické věrouky pro církevní praxi na poli evangelizace ...... 82 3.9 K diskusi .......................................................................................................... 85 ČÁST DRUHÁ ADVENTISTÉ A POSTMODERNA ......................................... 87 4. Postmoderna a možné reakce na ni ................................................................... 87 4.1 Zdroje pro definování postmoderního paradigmatu ........................................ 87 4.2 Evangelikální reakce na postmodernu ............................................................ 92 4.3 Odmítnutí postmoderny (Carl F. H. Henry a Kelvin Jones) ........................... 94 4.4 Rozhovor na základě Písma v tradici společenství (Stanley Grenz a John Franke) .................................................................................................................. 95 4 4.5 Paleo-ortodoxie (Thomas Oden) ..................................................................... 97 4.6 Příprava na postpostmodernu (Millard J. Erickson) ....................................... 98 4.7 Theodrama (Kevin J. Vanhoozer) ................................................................. 101 5 Adventistická reakce na postmodernu ............................................................. 104 5.1 Hlavní proud .................................................................................................. 107 5.2 Evangelikální adventismus ............................................................................ 123 5.3 Historický adventismus ................................................................................. 135 5.4 Progresivní adventismus ............................................................................... 141 5.5 Adventistický diskurz? .................................................................................. 146 6 Diskuse o vyrovnávání se adventismu s výzvami postmoderny ...................... 153 6.1 Diskuse o zachovávání soboty ...................................................................... 154 6.2 Diskuse o eklesiologii a daru proroctví ......................................................... 160 6.3 Diskuse o nebeské svatyni ............................................................................ 164 6.4 Vyústění diskuse ........................................................................................... 166 ZÁVĚR ............................................................................................................... 168 Appendix ............................................................................................................. 172 Seznam zdrojů ..................................................................................................... 176 Seznam zkratek ................................................................................................... 193 Abstrakt ............................................................................................................... 195 5 ÚVOD Můj zájem o to, jak se Církev adventistů sedmého dne vyrovnává s přechodem od moderní doby k postmoderně, byl způsoben řadou faktorů, z nichž mnohé jsou silně osobní a je třeba, abych je na tomto místě zmínil, protože celá práce je jimi navzdory mé maximální snaze o akademickou přesnost a objektivnost přece jen poznamenána. Jako konvertita z velmi vlažného katolictví jsem v roce 1985 ve svých necelých 23 letech objevil adventismus jako vrcholně logické náboženství, které mi odpovídalo na všechny otázky, které jsem si tehdy kladl. Při biblických hodinách, kdy mě kazatel seznamoval se základy adventismu, jsem zažíval úžasné intelektuální a duchovní uspokojení z dobrodružné cesty za novým poznáním. Kromě naprosté vnitřní logiky jsem v adventismu nacházel i prostor pro rozumnou spiritualitu a náboženskou zkušenost a cítil jsem také nenásilné směřování k vyváženému zdravému životnímu stylu. To mě nakonec vedlo k rozhodnutí studovat teologii a stát se i kazatelem této církve. Po devíti letech služby jako sborový kazatel jsem od roku 2000 působil čtyři roky jako vedoucí oddělení komunikace Česko-Slovenské unie Církve adventistů sedmého dne a od roku 2002 do roku 2011 jsem byl ředitelem církevního televizního studia. Mohl jsem proto nahlédnout do života církve jak z pohledu prostého věřícího a kazatele, tak i člena vedení církve a také vedoucího její instituce. Měl jsem také možnost zúčastnit se řady porad o práci církve v oblasti médií a náboženské svobody na mezinárodní úrovni a díky tomu jsem mohl poznat celou řadu zbožných a odevzdaných adventistů doslova z celého světa. Mé pohledy na církev se samozřejmě během celé té doby měnily v závislosti na tom, jakou zodpovědnost jsem zrovna zastával. Otázky ohledně vtahu církve adventistů a postmoderny mě ale začaly zaměstnávat zejména od té doby, kdy jsem se začal profesionálně věnovat médiím. Prvním drobným zastavením v mém spokojeném adventistickém životě víry byl okamžik, kdy jsem si jednoho dne uvědomil, že během dlouhých let 6 členství v církvi nenacházím v její věrouce žádnou slabinu, že mi připadá téměř dokonalá. Pokud tomu tak ale je, pak by všichni lidé kolem mě museli být buďto hloupí, že tuto dokonalost nevidí, nebo natolik hříšní, že ji vidět nemohou. Anebo existuje třetí možnost, o které jsem samozřejmě věděl dříve, ale kterou jsem si nikdy se svojí vírou prakticky nespojil – totiž že vnímání světa každého z nás závisí na kontextu doby, místa a času, ve kterém žije. Pak ale může být správných více pohledů, než jen ten můj. Podruhé se mi tato myšlenka vrátila v okamžiku, kdy jsem četl knihu Jiřího Piškuly Dějiny Církve adventistů sedmého dne v Čechách, na Moravě a ve Slezsku,1 která popisuje jednání adventistických kazatelů v době totalitního režimu. Četba o intrikách ve vedení církve v časech nadvlády komunistické strany a o vědomé spolupráci řady vážených kazatelů s StB mě vedla k zásadnějším otázkám, které kniha pouze naznačuje: Proč tak jednali? Nebylo jejich jednání mimo jiné důsledkem jejich
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