DOCSLIB.ORG

Background Materials & Methods Results Discussion

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Background Materials & Methods Results Discussion A comprehensive detection and characterization of deleterious variants in traditional chicken breeds Chiara Bortoluzzi1*, Martijn Derks1, Steffen Weigend2, Martien AM Groenen1, Hendrik-Jan Megens1 1 Animal Breeding and Genomics Centre, Wageningen University and Research, The Netherlands 2 Friedrich Loeffler Institute (FLI), Department of Breeding and Genetical Resources, Greifswald, Germany Background Materials & Methods Deleterious variants are constantly generated by mutation (Fig 1), but are not always purged from the population. Whole genome sequence Mapping & population data (WGS) variant calling Understanding the extent and the nature of deleterious variation in small populations is of interest for conservation purposes, because Phred quality score/ depth of coverage Variant filter these variants reduce reproductive fitness (Fig 2) and genetic Ancestral state of variant diversity when homozygous. 60K SNP chip (78 False discovery rate samples) Synonymous / Missense Variant effect predictor tolerated (VEP) fail to hatch Number of eggs that Frameshift, splice variant, Inbreeding Inbreeding coefficient (F) stop gained, missense Deleterious variants deleterious, inframe Figure 1. An example of deleterious variants Figure 2. Reduction in reproductive fitness due to the accumulation of Figure 3. Pipeline overview used to detect deleterious variants using whole-genome sequence data deleterious variants as result of inbreeding Traditional chicken breeds offer a powerful model to address the role of Discussion demographic discontinuities and selection on deleterious variants The predicted deleterious variants are subject to purifying selection, as confirmed by the skewed distribution towards a higher proportion of low- Results high derived allele frequency alleles (Fig. 4A, Fig. 4B). Frameshift 0.6 Splice Inframe Start−stop Deleterious Mutational load considerably varies across traditional breeds as a result of 0.5 Tolerated 0.5 Synonymous their different demographic and management history (Fig. 5). 0.4 0.4 Genotypes containing putatively derived alleles are lowest for deleterious and 0.3 0.3 LoF variants (Fig. 6) relative to synonymous and missense tolerated (Fig. 7). Relative fraction Relative 0.2 This further suggests that purifying selection effectively removes deleterious 0.2 Relative fraction Relative variation even in population characterised by small effective population size. 0.1 0.1 0.0 Synonymous" Nonsynonymous"tolerated" 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 55000" 0.0 Derived allele frequency 50000" 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 45000" 40000" Derived allele frequency Figure 4B. Derived allele frequency of loss 35000" of function (LoF) variants 30000" Figure 4A. Derived allele frequency of 25000" 20000" synonymous and deleterious variants 1400" Nonsynonymous"deleterious" Loss"of"function" 15000" 10000" 1200" Total&number&of&derived&alleles& 5000" 1000" 0" 800" 0.012 Brabanter" Barnevelder" Breda"Fowl" Chaam"Fowl" Dutch"Fowl" Lakenvelder" Schijndelaar" Welsummer" Drenthe"Fowl" Frisian"Fowl"" Kraienkoppe" 600" Assendelft"Fowl" Groninger"Mew" Dutch"Owl"Bearded" Barnevelder"Bantam"Breda"Fowl"Bantam" Dutch"Fowl"Bantam" Eikenburger"Bantam"Frisian"Fowl"Bantam" Lakenvelder"Bantam"Schijndelaar"Bantam"Welsummer"Bantam" Drenthe"Fowl"Bantam"Dutch"Booted"Bantam" Dutch"Polish"Bearded" Assendelft"Fowl"Bantam" Groninger"Mew"Bantam" 400" Dutch"Polish"non"Bearded"Dutch"Polish"non"Bearded" 0.010 Dutch"Owl"Bearded"Bantam" North"Holland"Blue"Bantam" 200" Total&number&of&derived&alleles& Figure 7. Total number of derived (heterozygous and homozygous 0" 0.008 derived) alleles for synonymous and missense tolerated variants Brabanter" Breda"Fowl" Dutch"Fowl" Barnevelder" Chaam"Fowl" Frisian"Fowl"" Kraienkoppe"Lakenvelder" Schijndelaar" Welsummer" 0.006 ● Drenthe"Fowl" Assendelft"Fowl" Groninger"Mew" Mutational load (nonsynonymous/synonymous ratio) Mutational load (nonsynonymous/synonymous Dutch"Owl"Bearded" Barnevelder"Bantam" Breda"Fowl"Bantam" Dutch"Fowl"Bantam" Eikenburger"Bantam"Frisian"Fowl"Bantam" Lakenvelder"Bantam"Schijndelaar"Bantam"Welsummer"Bantam" Drenthe"Fowl"Bantam"Dutch"Booted"Bantam" Dutch"Polish"Bearded" Assendelft"Fowl"Bantam" Groninger"Mew"Bantam" Dutch"Polish"non"Bearded" Dutch"Owl"Bearded"Bantam" North"Holland"Blue"Bantam" Dutch"Polish"non"Bearded"Bantam" Brabanter Figure 6. Total number of derived (heterozygous and homozygous Welsummer Barnevelder Breda_Fowl Lakenvelder Dutch_Fowl Schijndelaar Kraienkoppe Frisian_Fowl Chaam_Fowl Drenthe_Fowl Groninger_Mew Assendelft_Fowl derived) alleles for deleterious and loss of function variants Welsummer_Bantam Barnevelder_Bantam Dutch_Owl_Bearded Eikenburger_Bantam Breda_Fowl_Bantam Lakenvelder_Bantam Dutch_Fowl_Bantam Schijndelaar_Bantam Frisian_Fowl_Bantam Dutch_Polish_Bearded Drenthe_Fowl_Bantam Dutch_Booted_Bantam Groninger_Mew_Bantam Assendelft_Fowl_Bantam Dutch_Polish_non_Bearded North_Holland_Blue_Bantam Dutch_Owl_Bearded_Bantam Dutch_Polish_non_Bearded_Bantam We developed a comprehensive catalogue of putatively deleterious variants for traditional Dutch chicken Figure 5. Mutational load of homozygous derived breeds. Such genomic catalogues can be used to enhance the conservation status of traditional breeds by lowering alleles the frequency of undesirable variant in the population. * Contact author: [email protected] | Animal Breeding and Genomics Centre, P.O. Box 123, 6708PB Wageningen .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 211.Full.Pdf
    MOLECULAR GENETICS OF AVIAN PROTEINS. IX. INTERSPECIFIC AND INTRASPECIFIC VARIATION OF EGG WHITE PROTEINS OF THE GENUS GALLUS C. M. ANN BAKER 2, Bridge End, Berwick-upon-Tweed, England Received July 11, 1967 egg white of the domestic fowl, Gallus gallus L., consists of at least ten T?ff erent proteins: ovalbumin, conalbumin, ovomucoid, ovoinhibitor, mucin, flavoprotein. avidin, and globulins G, (= lysozyme), G, and G,. In starch gel electrophoresis many of these are heterogeneous and four have genetically con- trolled polymorphisms, which are described below. (The electrophoretic patterns of many of the variants are in Figure 1.) Ovalbumin (ou locus). Alleles ou A and ou B result in phenotypes A, B, and AB (LUSH1961, 1964b). In the present paper, however, the variants are named with reference to their relative mobilities as the letter A is used in A,, A, and A, terminology for the sub-fractions of ovalbumin ( LONGSWORTH,CANNAN and MAC- INNES1940; CANN1949). Thus ovalbumin A = slow (S) and ovalbumin B = fast (F). A recent preliminary communication suggests that the primary struc- ture of the fast and slow ovalbumins differs in a single peptide (WISEMANand FOTHERGILL1966). Other ovalbumin variants have been described. BAKERand MANWELL(1 962) found polymorphism which involves a more rapid migration of A, and A, and a lack of A, in one homozygote category (A3--) ; the heterozygote (A?+-) has less of the A, subfraction than the “normal” homozygote (A,++). CROIZIER(1966) has discovered yet another variant (ovalbumin Faverolles) which has subfrac- tions extra to those of the fast and slow variants. He also found it possible to clas- sify each of LUSH’S(1964b) ovalbumin phenotypes into two subtypes on the basis of quantitative differences in A,.
    [Show full text]
  • Copyrighted Material
    FTOC 08/27/2018 10:24:30 Page v Contents Acknowledgements ix Introduction 1 Standard feather markings 4 Chief points of the fowl 13 Complete classification of pure breed poultry 21 Defects and deformities 25 Large fowl and bantams 31 Ancona 31 Andalusian 34 Appenzeller 36 Araucana 41 Rumpless Araucana 45 Asil 48 Australorp 50 Autosexing breeds 53 Brockbar 54 Brussbar 55 Cambar 57 Dorbar 59 Legbar 60 Rhodebar 63 Welbar 65 Wybar 68 Ayam Cemani 71 Barnevelder 72 Belgian Bearded bantamsCOPYRIGHTED MATERIAL 75 Barbu d’Anvers 75 Barbu d’Uccle 77 Barbu de Watermael 78 Barbu d’Everberg (Rumpless d’Uccle) 80 Barbu du Grubbe (Rumpless d’Anvers) 81 Barbu de Boitsfort (Rumpless de Watermael) 81 Booted bantam 87 Rumpless Booted Bantam 92 Brabanter 93 Brahma 95 Brakel 100 FTOC 08/27/2018 10:24:30 Page vi vi Contents Breda 102 Bresse-Gauloise 104 Burmese 106 Campine 108 Cochin 111 Crèvecoeur 114 Croad Langshan 115 Dandarawi 118 Derbyshire Redcap 120 Dominique 121 Dorking 124 Dutch bantam 128 British Faverolles 133 Fayoumi 137 Friesian 139 Frizzle 143 German Langshan 145 Groninger 149 Hamburgh 152 Houdan 155 Indian Game 158 Ixworth 162 Japanese bantam 164 Jersey Giant 169 Ko Shamo 171 Kraienköppe 173 Kulang 177 La Flèche 179 Lakenvelder 181 Leghorn 183 Lincolnshire Buff 188 Malay 191 Marans 194 Marsh Daisy 198 Minorca 201 Modern Game 204 Modern Langshan 209 Nankin bantam 212 Nankin Shamo 214 New Hampshire Red 215 Norfolk Grey 218 North Holland Blue 220 Ohiki 222 Carlisle Old English Game 223 Oxford Old English Game 230 Old English Game bantam 236 Old English
    [Show full text]
  • Poultry in the United Kingdom the Genetic Resources of the National Flocks
    www.defra.gov.uk Poultry in the United Kingdom The Genetic Resources of the National Flocks November 2010 Cover: Red Dorking male (photograph John Ballard, courtesy of The Cobthorn Trust) All information contained in this brochure was correct at time of going to press (December 2010). Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs Nobel House 17 Smith Square London SW1P 3JR Telephone: 020 7238 6000 Website: www.defra.gov.uk © Crown copyright 2010 Copyright in the typographical arrangement and design rests with the Crown. This publication (excluding the logo) may be reproduced free of charge in any format or medium provided that it is reproduced accurately and not used in a misleading context. The material must be acknowledged as Crown copyright with the title and source of the publication specified. This document is also available on the Defra website. Published by the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs. Printed in the UK, December 2010, on material that contains a minimum of 100% recycled fibre for uncoated paper and 75% recycled fibre for coated paper. PB13451 December 2010. Contents 1. Introduction 3 2. Poultry keeping systems 4 3. Species Accounts 6 3.1. The Domestic Fowl (Gallus gallus domesticus) 6 3.2. Turkeys 8 3.3. Ducks 8 3.4. Geese 9 3.5. Minor Species 9 4. Breed Organisations 10 5. Data Recording and Registration 11 6. References 12 7. Annex: Current situation for individual breeds and strains 13 Abbreviations 24 1 1. Introduction Domestic poultry form the most important sector of livestock keeping worldwide, the production of meat and eggs being a major contributor to human nutrition.
    [Show full text]
  • British Poultry Standards
    British Poultry Standards Complete specifi cations and judging points of all standardized breeds and varieties of poultry as compiled by the specialist Breed Clubs and recognised by the Poultry Club of Great Britain Sixth Edition Edited by Victoria Roberts BVSc MRCVS Honorary Veterinary Surgeon to the Poultry Club of Great Britain Council Member, Poultry Club of Great Britain This edition fi rst published 2008 © 2008 Poultry Club of Great Britain Blackwell Publishing was acquired by John Wiley & Sons in February 2007. Blackwell’s publishing programme has been merged with Wiley’s global Scientifi c, Technical, and Medical business to form Wiley-Blackwell. Registered offi ce John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, United Kingdom Editorial offi ce 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford, OX4 2DQ, United Kingdom For details of our global editorial offi ces, for customer services and for information about how to apply for permission to reuse the copyright material in this book please see our website at www.wiley.com/wiley-blackwell. The right of the author to be identifi ed as the author of this work has been asserted in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, without the prior permission of the publisher. Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic books.
    [Show full text]
  • Stock Codes Numerical
    STOCK CODE DESCRIPTION STOCK CODE DESCRIPTION MAY 6, 2021 A MIXED C2 COLONIAL A1 ARBOR ACRES C3 CHAUMIERE BB-NL A2 ANDREWS-NL C3 CORBETT A2 BABCOCK C4 DAVIS A3 CAREY C5 HARCO A5 COLONIAL C6 HARDY A6 EURIBRID C7 PARKS A7 GARBER C8 ROWLEY A8 H AND N-NL C9 GUILFORD-NL A8 H AND N C9 TATUM A9 HALEY C10 HENNING-NL A10 HUBBARD C10 WELP A11 LOHMANN C11 SCHOONOVER A12 MERRILL C12 IDEAL A13 PARKS C19 NICHOLAS-NL A14 SHAVER C35 ORLOPP LARGE BROAD-NL A15 TATUM C57 ROSE-A-LINDA-NL A16 WELP C122 ORLOPP BROAD-NL A17 HANSON C129 KENT-NL A18 DEKALB C135 B.U.T.A., LARGE-NL A19 HYLINE C142 HYBRID DOUBLE DIAMOND MEDIUM-NL A38 KENT-NL C143 HYBRID LARGE-NL A45 MARCUM-NL C144 B.U.T.A., MEDIUM-NL A58 ORLOPP-NL C145 NICHOLAS 85-NL B MIXED C146 NICHOLAS 88-NL B1 ARBOR ACRES C147 HYBRID CONVERTER-NL B2 COLONIAL C148 HYBRID EXTREME-NL B3 CORBETT C149 MIXED B4 DAVIS C150 NICHOLAS SELECT B5 DEKALB WARREN D MIXED B6 HARCO D1 ARBOR ACRES B7 HARDY D2 BRADWAY B8 LAWTON D3 COBB B9 ROWLEY D4 COLONIAL B10 WELP D5 HARDY B11 CARGILL D6 HUBBARD B12 SCHOONOVER D7 LAWTON B13 CEBE D8 PILCH B14 OREGON D9 WELP B15 IDEAL D10 PENOBSCOT C MIXED D11 WROLSTAD SMALL-NL C1 ARBOR ACRES D11 CEBE, RECESSIVE C2 BROADWHITE-NL D12 IDEAL 1 STOCK CODE DESCRIPTION STOCK CODE DESCRIPTION MAY 6, 2021 N14 OLD ENGLISH, WHITE E MIXED N15 OLD ENGLISH, BLACK E1 COLONIAL N16 OLD ENGLISH, SPANGLED E2 HUBBARD N17 PIT E3 BOURBON, RED-NL N18 OLD ENGLISH E3 ROWLEY N19 MODERN E4 WELP N20 PIT, WHITE HACKLE E5 SCHOONOVER N21 SAM BIGHAM E6 CEBE N22 MCCLANHANS H MIXED N23 CLIPPERS H1 ARBOR ACRES N24 MINER BLUES H2
    [Show full text]
  • RARE POULTRY CLASSES 8 Malay Pullet
    ASIAN HARDFEATHER 36 Ko Shamo Black/White/Self Pullet Regional Show 37 Ko Shamo AOC Male Sec: Z Shakeshaft Tel: 07866 575316 38 Ko Shamo AOC Female Judges : Mr R Francis (Large Fowl) 39 Ko Shamo AOC Stag & Mr P Cox ( Bantams) 40 Ko Shamo AOC Pullet 0 41 Asil Male LARGE FOWL 42 Asil Female 43 Tuzo Male 1 Asil Male 44 Tuzo Female 2 Asil Female 45 Non Standard/AOV Male 3 Asil Stag 46 Non Standard/AOV Female 4 Asil Pullet See Juvenile section for entries 5 Malay Male 6 Malay Female 7 Malay Stag RARE POULTRY CLASSES 8 Malay Pullet 9 O Shamo Male (8.8lbs+) RARE POULTRY SOCIETY 10 O Shamo Female (6.6lbs+) Club Show 11 Chu Shamo Male (Under 8.8lbs) Sec: P M Fieldhouse Tel: 01934 12 Chu Shamo Female (under 6.6lbs) 824213 (eve) 13 Shamo Stag (Any size) Judges: Mr J Lockwood 14 Shamo Pullet (Any Size) (Hardfeather & Soft Feather Heavy) 15 Kulang Male Mr P Hayford (True Bantams, 16 Kulang Female Longtails, Juveniles, Pairs & Trios) 17 Satsumadori Male Mr A Hillary (Soft Feather Light 18 Satsumadori Female Breeds 1) 19 Yamato Gunkei Male Mr J Robertson (Soft Feather Light 20 Yamato Gunkei Female Breeds 2) 21 Yamato Gunkei Stag 22 Yamato Gunkei Pullet LONG TAILED LARGE 23 Non Standard/AOV Male 24 Non Standard/AOV Female 47 Yokohama Male See Juvenile section for entries 48 Sumatra Male 49 Yokohama Female BANTAMS 50 Sumatra Female 25 Malay Male LARGE SOFTFEATHER LIGHT 26 Malay Female BREEDS 27 Ko Shamo Black Red Male 28 Ko Shamo Black Red Stag 51 Andalusian Male 29 Ko Shamo Duckwing Male 52 Andalusian Female 30 Ko Shamo Duckwing Stag 53 Ayam Cemani M/F
    [Show full text]
  • Ringing Scheme Ring Sizes
    THE POULTRY CLUB – RECOMMENDED RING SIZES LARGE BANTAM LARGE BANTAM M F BREED M F M F BREED M F ALSTEIRER K15 M12 E18 D16 MODERN GAME B11 A10 E18 D16 ANCONA C13 B11 G22 E18 MODERN LANGSHAN C13 B11 E18 K15 ANDALUSIAN C13 B11 NANKIN C13 M12 D16 C13 APPENZELLER NANKIN SHAMO D16 D16 D16 C13 APPENZELLER BARTHUNER G22 E18 NEIDERRHEINER F20 D16 ARAUCANA K15 C13 G22 E18 NEW HAMPSHIRE RED K15 C13 G22 E18 ASIL C13 B11 E18 D16 NORFOLK GREY E18 D16 AUGSBURGER G22 E18 NORTH HOLLAND BLUE G22 E18 AUSTRALORP K15 C13 OHIKI C13 B11 G22 E18 AUTOSEXING: RHODEBAR, WYBAR K15 C13 E18 D16 OLD ENGLISH GAME C13 B11 E18 D16 LEGBAR , CREAM L’BAR, WELBAR K15 C13 F20 E18 OLD ENG. PHEASANT FOWL D16 D16 AYAM CEMANI F20 E18 ORLOFF D16 C13 G22 E18 BARNEVELDER K15 C13 G22 F20 ORPINGTON D16 C13 BELGIAN D’ANVERS B11 A10 PEKIN D16 D16 D’UCCLE D16 C13 F20 E18 PENEDESENCA WATERMAEL B11 A10 G22 E18 PLYMOUTH ROCK K15 C13 D’EVERBURG D16 C13 D16 D16 POLAND C13 B11 DE GRUBBE, DE BOITSFORT B11 A10 F20 E18 REDCAP J27 G22 BELGIAN GAME: BRUGES G22 E18 RHODE ISLAND RED K15 C13 G22 E18 LIĖGE ROSECOMB B11 A10 G22 C13 BERGISCHE KRAHER RUMPLESS OLD ENG GAME C13 B11 BOOTED D16 C13 G22 F20 SCOTS DUMPY D16 C13 D16 C13 BRABANTER F20 E18 SCOTS GREY K15 C13 J27 J27 BRAHMA E18 D16 SEBRIGHT B11 A10 E18 D16 BRAKEL SERAMA B11 A10 G22 F20 BREDA G22 F20 SHAMO E18 D16 BRESSE-GAULOIS E18 D16 SICILIAN BUTTERCUP D16 C13 G22 E18 BUCKEYE E18 D16 SILKIE C13 B11 H24 G22 BUFF ORPINGTON K15 C13 E18 D16 SPANISH K15 C13 BURMESE D16 C13 G22 F20 SULMTALER D16 C13 D16 C13 CAMPINE F20 E18 SULTAN J27 J27 COCHIN E18
    [Show full text]
  • Stock Codes Alphabetical
    STOCK CODE DESCRIPTION STOCK CODE DESCRIPTION MAY 6, 2021 A MIXED C144 B.U.T.A., MEDIUM-NL A2 ANDREWS-NL C2 BROADWHITE-NL A1 ARBOR ACRES C3 CHAUMIERE BB-NL A2 BABCOCK C2 COLONIAL A3 CAREY C3 CORBETT A5 COLONIAL C4 DAVIS A18 DEKALB C9 GUILFORD-NL A6 EURIBRID C5 HARCO A7 GARBER C6 HARDY A8 H AND N C10 HENNING-NL A8 H AND N-NL C147 HYBRID CONVERTER-NL A9 HALEY C142 HYBRID DOUBLE DIAMOND MEDIUM-NL A17 HANSON C148 HYBRID EXTREME-NL A10 HUBBARD C143 HYBRID LARGE-NL A19 HYLINE C12 IDEAL A38 KENT-NL C129 KENT-NL A11 LOHMANN C149 MIXED A45 MARCUM-NL C145 NICHOLAS 85-NL A12 MERRILL C146 NICHOLAS 88-NL A58 ORLOPP-NL C19 NICHOLAS-NL A13 PARKS C150 NICHOLAS SELECT A14 SHAVER C122 ORLOPP BROAD-NL A15 TATUM C35 ORLOPP LARGE BROAD-NL A16 WELP C7 PARKS B MIXED C57 ROSE-A-LINDA-NL B1 ARBOR ACRES C8 ROWLEY B11 CARGILL C11 SCHOONOVER B13 CEBE C9 TATUM B2 COLONIAL C10 WELP B3 CORBETT D MIXED B4 DAVIS D1 ARBOR ACRES B5 DEKALB WARREN D2 BRADWAY B6 HARCO D11 CEBE, RECESSIVE B7 HARDY D3 COBB B15 IDEAL D4 COLONIAL B8 LAWTON D5 HARDY B14 OREGON D6 HUBBARD B9 ROWLEY D12 IDEAL B12 SCHOONOVER D7 LAWTON B10 WELP D10 PENOBSCOT C MIXED D8 PILCH C1 ARBOR ACRES D9 WELP C135 B.U.T.A., LARGE-NL D11 WROLSTAD SMALL-NL 1 STOCK CODE DESCRIPTION STOCK CODE DESCRIPTION MAY 6, 2021 N36 BIGHAM RED E MIXED N202 BILL ROBERT'S BUTCHER E3 BOURBON, RED-NL N287 BLACK E6 CEBE N253 BLACK, DENT COUNTY E1 COLONIAL N266 BLUE E2 HUBBARD N240 BLUE FACE E3 ROWLEY N112 BLUE SPLASH E5 SCHOONOVER N242 BONANZA BLACK E4 WELP N40 BRISTER CHICK H MIXED N90 BROWN RED H1 ARBOR ACRES N260 BROWN RED HATCH,
    [Show full text]
  • Genetic Analysis of Production Traits to Support Breeding Programs Utilizing Indigenous Chickens in Ethiopia
    Breeding programs for indigenous chicken in Ethiopia Analysis of diversity in production systems and chicken populations Nigussie Dana 1 Thesis Committee Thesis supervisor Prof. dr. ir. J.A.M. van Arendonk Professor of Animal Breeding and Genetics Wageningen University, The Netherlands Thesis co-supervisors Dr. ir. E.H. van der Waaij Assistant professor Animal Breeding and Genetics Wageningen University, The Netherlands Dr. T. Dessie Research officer International Livestock Research Institute, Ethiopia Other Members Prof. dr. J. Sölkner BOKU University, Vienna (Austria) Prof. dr. M. C. H. de Jong Wageningen University (The Netherlands) Prof. dr. A.K. Kahi Egerton University (Kenya) Dr. G. A.A. Albers Hendrix Genetics, Boxmeer (The Netherlands) This research was conducted under the auspices of the Graduate School of Wageningen Institute of Animal Sciences (WIAS). 2 Breeding programs for indigenous chicken in Ethiopia Analysis of diversity in production systems and chicken populations Nigussie Dana Thesis Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of doctor at Wageningen University by the authority of the Rector Magnificus, Prof. dr. M.J. Kropff, in the presence of the Thesis Committee appointed by the Academic Board to be defended in public on Friday 4 February 2011 at 4 p.m. in the Aula 3 Nigussie Dana Breeding programs for indigenous chicken in Ethiopia: analysis of diversity in production systems and chicken populations, 148 pages. PhD thesis, Wageningen University, The Netherlands (2011) With summary in English and Dutch ISBN: 978-90-8585-872-0 4 Abstract The aim of this research was to generate information required to establish a sustainable breeding program for improving the productivity of locally adapted chickens to enhance the livelihood of rural farmers in Ethiopia.
    [Show full text]
  • Barnevelders
    BARNEVELDERS By: Elly Vogelaar. Photos: Xavier De Buyser, unless stated differently. Introduction Barnevelders the most famous of all Dutch chicken breeds was created in and around Barneveld at the turn of the last century and achieved worldwide fame. The breed arose when local farmyard fowl were mated to the Asiatic fowl that arrived in Europe from the 1850s onwards. Apart from an increase in size the added benefit was their brown eggs and most importantly they laid these during winter when egg prices were at their peak. Brown eggs The egg colour of the Chinese or Croad Langshan in particular is said to have had a major influence on the brown colour of the eggshells of the Barnevelder. However, the literature from that period indicates that the color of the eggshells of these first Langshans wasn’t a dark brown but a pink buff. A.C Croad’s book ‘The Langshan Fowl’ for example states that: “ . hens imported from Langshan, North China, by the late Major Croad, Worthing. Upright serrated comb, black eyes, feathered legs, red ear lobes, and pink buff eggs”. When they arrived in Great Britain in 1872, rivalry and politics meant that poultry authorities were less than keen to incorporate them as a separate breed. Instead they were classified as black Cochins. By fighting strong opposition Major Croad’s nice Miss A.C Croad achieved their recognition as a separate breed. However, if the eggshell colour of the newly arrived ‘Cochins’ had been distinctly different from earlier imported breeds, they would no doubt have been regarded as a separate breed.
    [Show full text]
  • Grosshühner Grandes Volailles Large Fowl
    GROSSHÜHNER GRANDES VOLAILLES LARGE FOWL Altenglische Kämpfer Combattant anglais ancien Old-English game Altsteirer Alsteirer Alsteirer Amerikanische Leghorn Leghorn américaine American Leghorn Amrock Amrock Amrock Ancona Ancône Ancona Andalusier Andalouse Andalusian Appenzeller Spitzhauben Appenzelloise huppée Appenzeller Spitzhauben Araucana (Amerikanische Selektion) Araucana (sélection américaine) Rumpless Araucana (american selection) Araucana (Deutsche Selektion) Araucana (sélection allemande) Rumpless Araucana (german selection) Ardenner Ardennaise Ardenner Ardenner Kaulhühner Sans-queue des Ardennes Rumpless Ardenner Asil Asyl Asyl Augsburger Augsbourg Augsburg Australorps Australorp Australorp Barnevelder Barnevelder Barnevelder Bergische Kräher Chanteur du Berg Berg crower Bielefelder Kennhühner Poule de Bielefeld Bielefelder Brahma Brahma Brahma Brakel Braekel Brakel Breda Breda Breda Bresse-Gauloise Bresse-Gauloise Bresse-Gauloise Brügger Kämpfer Combattant de Bruges Bruges game Campiner Campine Campine Cemani Cemani Cemani Cochin Cochin Cochin Crèvecoeur Crèvecoeur Crèvecoeur Croad Langschan Croad Langshan Croad Langshan Cubalaya Cubalaya Cubalaya Dänische Landhühner Poule danoise Danish fowl Dänische Lutterhühner Lutter danaoise Danish Lutter Deutsche Faverolles Faverolles allemande German Faverolles Deutsche Langschan Langshan allemande German Langshan Deutsche Reichshühner Poule du Reich German Reichshühner Deutsche Sperber Coucou allemand German cuckoo Deutsche Wyandotten Wyandotte allemande German Wyandotte Drenther Hühner
    [Show full text]
  • World Watch List for Domestic Animal Diversity, 3Rd Edition
    Introduzione ultima 29/11/00 6:39 PM Page I WORLD WATCH LIST for domestic animal diversity 3rd edition EDITED BY BEATE D. SCHERF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS ROME,OCTOBER 2000 Introduzione ultima 29/11/00 6:39 PM Page II The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. ISBN 92-5-104511-9 All rights reserved. Reproduction and dissemination of material in this information product for educational or other non-commercial purposes are authorized without any prior written permission from the copyright holders provided the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction of material in this information product for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without written permission of the copyright holders. Applications for such permission should be addressed to the Chief, Publishing and Multimedia Service, Information Division, FAO, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00100 Rome, Italy or by e-mail to [email protected] © FAO 2000 Introduzione ultima 29/11/00 6:39 PM Page III ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS he production of this third edition of the World Watch List for Domestic Animal Diversity (WWL-DAD:3) has been largely based on the Global TDatabank for Farm Animal Genetic Resources which has been developed and maintained by FAO for country use.The extensive information in this data- bank is continuously collated and recorded by countries.
    [Show full text]