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Kinabladet Nr. 59 Efterår 2013 NR. 59 EFTERÅR 2013 Kinabladet nr. 59 Efterår 2013 KINABLADET KINABLADET NR. 59 udgives af Dansk-Kinesisk Forening og udkom- mer fire gange om året (marts, juni, september og december). Foreningens medlemmer får bla- Lov om sønlig kærlighed Nobelpristageren Mo det tilsendt gratis. Et årsabonnement på bladet skaber heftig debat ............3 Yans forfatterskab .............14 uden medlemskab koster 250 kr. Kinabladet er medlem af Rumfart (1) Tre taikonauter Penge, profit og privat ini- Foreningen af Danske Kulturtidsskrifter. 15 dage i rummet ..............4 tiativ i kinesisk litteratur ...16 Dansk-Kinesisk Forening er af Københavns kommune godkendt som en folkeoplysende Rumfart (2) Kinas store mål: Rekordpriser for malerier forening. En kineser på Månen .........5 fra 20. århundrede ...........18 Redaktion: Unge kinesere om med- Flemming Ytzen (ansvarshavende) Korruption: Betroede Fremtidsvej 9, 2860 Søborg lemskab af Partiet ..............8 folk på anklagebænken ....19 E-mail: [email protected] Hanna Leanderdal, Jette Mechlenburg, Tre digte af en ung Små og store begivenheder Gert Holmgaard Nielsen, Flemming Poulsen, alvorlig stemme ...............10 i kinesernes hverdag ...... 22 Claus Seiden, Pia Sindbjerg, Henrik Strube. Layout: Gert Holmgaard Nielsen Landsbyboeres nødhjælp Dansk-Kinesisk Forenings DANSK-KINESISK FORENING til fods i bjergene .............12 arrangementer .......Bagsiden blev stiftet 25. januar 1999. Dens formål er at være samlingssted for alle med interesse for Kina samt at formidle oplysning om Kina. Vedtægter, indmeldelse og abonnements- tegning ved henvendelse til sekretæren. Hjemmeside: www.dansk-kinesisk.dk Formand: Pia Sindbjerg [email protected] Sekretariat: Dansk-Kinesisk Forening c/o IngBritt Christiansen Ålekistevej 70,3.th. 2700 Vanløse [email protected] Danske Bank 4820 1683 0593 Mødegruppen: Kjeld A. Larsen, [email protected] Helle Willum Jensen, [email protected] Medlemskontingent: Enkeltmedlemmer ............................. 250 kr. Parmedlemmer .................................. 310 kr. Pensionister og studerende ................ 150 kr. Pensionistpar ..................................... 210 kr. Kollektivt medlemskab ....................... 380 kr. Forsiden Rumfartøjet Shenzhou 10 med tre taikonauter ombord ISSN 1600-1273 blev sendt i kredsløb om jorden den 11. juni 2013. 15 dage senere landede de tre efter at have fuldført sam- menkobling med forsøgsrumstationen Tiangong 1 og andre opgaver. Læs side 4 om formålet med opsendelsen og side 5 om, hvor langt kineserne er kommet med deres planer om at lave en permanent rumstation og sende en Tryk: Frederiksberg Bogtrykkeri mand/kvinde til månen. (Foto: Xinhua) 2 Kinabladet nr. 59 Efterår 2013 Lov om sønlig kærlighed NU SKAL BØRN BESØGE DERES GAMLE FORÆLDRE Eller skal de? Ægtepar dømt efter ny lov til at besøge konens 77-årige moder mindst hveranden måned. Af Flemming Poulsen ter fra forældrenes hjemby og ikke kan te i kraft, afsagde dommeren kendel- få fri eller ikke har råd til at rejse hjem? se i sagen. Datteren og svigersønnen En ny lov om det, der på Et par ekstra klik med musen afslø- blev dømt til besøge moderen mindst kinesisk hedder xiao, på rer, at det ikke er noget problem. I lov- én gang hver anden måned. Hvis de engelsk filial piety og på forslaget taltes der om børnenes besøg, ikke efterlever rettens dom, vil de få en dansk sønlig kærlighed, men under behandlingen blev lovgiver- bøde. trådte i kraft 1. juli 2013. ne, ifølge Shanghai Daily, enige om, at En juraprofessor ved Shandong Uni- xiào Loven indeholder mere et nyt krav om, at børnene skal tage versitet, Xiao Jinping, har været med til eller mindre klart formulerede bestem- hensyn til forældrenes „følelsesmæssige at udforme den nye lov. Han siger, iføl- melser om, hvordan børn skal eller bør behov“, dvs. have regelmæssig kontakt ge det amerikanske nyhedsbureau AP, behandle deres gamle forældre, det vil med børnene, ville være opfyldt, hvis at formålet med loven først og frem- sige forældre, der er fyldt 60 år. Dem man til kravet om besøg føjer en valg- mest er at gøre opmærksom på pro- vil der ved udgangen af 2013 være mulighed: „... eller jævnligt give lyd fra blemerne. „Den skal vise, at de ældre over 200 mio. af. sig“. Kravet om besøg er åbenbart ikke borgere har ret til at anmode om følel- Loven har udløst en heftig debat. så kategorisk ment, som debatten lader sesmæssig støtte. Vi ønsker at gøre op- Den afløser „Lov om beskyttelse af æl- formode. mærksom på, at der er sådan et dres rettigheder og interesser“ fra 1996. Ifølge den gamle lov skulle børn blot behov“. Debatten i medierne drejer sig især sørge for, at forældrenes fysiske rammer om to spørgsmål: Er det overhovedet og finansielle situation var god. Kilder: Xinhua, China Daily, Global Ti- muligt, endsige nødvendigt, at lovgive Da en 77-årig kvinde i provinsen mes, New York Times m.fl. om et så privat og moralsk betinget Jiangsu i december 2012 hørte om den emne som voksne børns forhold til for- nye lov, anlagde hun sag mod sin dat- – – – ældrene? Og er det ikke at gå for vidt, ter og svigersøn, fordi de ikke havde Kinabladet nr. 56 Vinter 2012 bragte en når den nye lov som noget helt nyt kræ- besøgt hende i meget lang tid. Den 1. omtale af lovforslaget, efter at det var ver, at børn besøger deres forældre, juli 2013, netop den dag loven tråd- blevet fremsat i parlamentet. oven i købet „ofte“. Til det første er svaret, at det drejer sig om sønlig kærlighed, et kernepunkt i kinesisk kultur i over to tusinde år, si- Den nye lov om sønlig kærlighed giver den unge mand et venskabeligt skub med ordene: den den store filosof Kongfutse og an- Nu skal du altså besøge din familie ofte. (Tegning: wnxwzx.com/news.youth.cn dre fastlagde regler for, hvordan børn skulle vise respekt for deres forældre og tage sig af dem på deres gamle dage. „I Kina er der tradition for, at det er et familieanliggende at tage sig af de æl- dre. Det er en god traditonel dyd, og den bør vi ikke opgive“, siger en pro- fessor i befolkningsstudier ved Nankai Universitet i Tianjin, Yuan Xin. Han er tilhænger af den nye lov, men mener, det er vanskeligt at gennemføre den. Kinesiske og udenlandske medier hæfter sig ved en enkelt af lovens para- graffer, nemlig den, der siger, at børn skal besøge deres forældre „ofte”. Hvor tit er ofte? Det står der ikke noget om, heller ikke hvordan man kan straffe børn, der ikke efterlever lovens bestem- melser. Og hvad med at få fri fra arbej- de for at besøge forældrene? Og hvad mener de millioner af migrantarbejde- re, der har fundet et job tusind kilome- 3 Kinabladet nr. 59 Efterår 2013 Rumfart (1) TRE TAIKONAUTER 15 DAGE I RUMMET Kinas seneste rumrejse led i en plan om at bygge en permanent rumstation i 2020. Af Flemming Poulsen program er netop at få en fuldt ud- bygget rumstation på plads i rummet Taikonaut For femte gang har Kina sendt et be- i 2020. USA kalder sine rumpiloter for mandet rumfartøj i kredsløb om jor- Kinesiske og udenlandske medier astronauter, Rusland bruger beteg- den. Rumfartøjet Shenzhou 10 blev fulgte Shenzhou 10’s manøvrer tæt. nelsen kosmonauter om sine, og i opsendt den 11. juni 2013 fra rum- Det kommunistiske partis generalsek- Kina er en rumpilot en taikonaut. fartcentret i provinsen Gansu. retær, Xi Jinping, der også er Kinas De tre taikonauter ombord tilbragte statsoverhoved, mødte op på rum- femten dage i rummet, før de satte centret for at ønske de tre taikonauter ekspertise og på det kommunistiske fødderne på kinesisk jord igen den lykke på rejsen. partis succes med at ændre udviklin- 25. juni efter en rumrejse, der ifølge „I er det kinesiske folks stolthed. gen for det engang så fattige land“. de kinesiske rumfartsmyndigheder Det er en glorværdig mission, I skal Det britiske nyhedsbureau Reuters var vellykket. Det var den hidtil ud på. I bringer den kinesiske skriver, at nogle undrer sig over, hvor- længste kinesiske rumrejse. nations drøm om at udforske rum- for Kina bruger så mange penge på at „Et gigantisk skridt fremad i Kinas met med jer“, lød partichefens af- udforske rummet, når landet fortsat rumprogram“, skrev det statslige ny- skedsord. er et udviklingsland med et væld af hedsbureau Xinhua. Der var nu skabt Det franske nyhedsbureau AFP skri- problemer som fødevaresikkerhed, garanti for, at det er teknisk muligt for ver om Shenzhou 10’s tur i rummet, forurening og jævnligt forekommen- Kina at bygge en permanent rumstati- at „Beijing betragter sit rumprogram, de brandkatastrofer på arbejdsplader. on, forklarede Xinhua. som et bevis på Kinas voksende glo- „Sammenkobling og anden teknik, Det næste store mål i Kinas rum- bale betydning og stigende tekniske som Kina nu gør forsøg med, klarede USA og det tidligere Sovjetunionen for årtier siden, men Shenzhou 10 Dem 12. juni, dagen efter at Nie Haisheng, Zhang Xiaoguang og Wang Yaping havde be- gyndt deres tur rundt om jorden i Shenzhou rumfartøjet, fejrede kineserne på jorden en af missionen vil blive det seneste bevis årets helt store begivenheder, Dragebådsfesten. De tre taikonauter sendte fra rummet en hil- på Kinas voksende formåen i rummet sen til jorden: „Vi ønsker alle kinesere rundt om i verden en lykkelig dragefest“. På papiret og kommer på et tidspunkt, da bud- står der: „Til lykke med Dragebådsfesten“. (Foto: Wang Sijang/Xinhua). getstramninger og skiftende priorite- ringer har fået USA til at holde igen med opsendelse af bemandede rum- fartøjer“. USA og Rusland opsendte i 1998, med støtte fra en lang række lande, en rumstation, hvor videnskabsfolk og andre kan arbejde i et halvt år. Kina hævder, ifølge Xinhua, at USA forhindrer Kina i at deltage i dette samarbejde, bl.a. med den begrun- delse, at Kina stjæler militær teknolo- gi fra USA. Men det kan ændre sig, når Kina i 2020 får sin egen fuldt udviklede rumstation, skriver den britiske tv-sta- tion BBCs videnskabelige medarbej- der.
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