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Spatial Behavior of Prices in the Russian Federation in 2003–2012

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Spatial Behavior of Prices in the Russian Federation in 2003–2012 YOUNG RESEARCHERS UDC 338.57, LBC 65.422 © Stupnikova A.V. Spatial behavior of prices in the Russian Federation in 2003–2012 Anna Vladimirovna STUPNIKOVA Junior Research Associate at the Economic Research Institute, Far Eastern Branch of RAS (153, Tikhookeanskaya Street, Khabarovsk, Khabarovsk Krai, 680042, Russia), Senior Lecturer at the Amur State University (21, Ignatyevskoye Highway, Blagoveshchensk, Amur Oblast, 675027, Russia), ([email protected], [email protected]) Abstract. The heterogeneity of economic development and specifics of the spatial position of regions implies that the regional markets in the country are characterized by varying degrees and trends of price dynamics. The multidirectional and disproportionate changes in the prices in the regional markets, in turn, show that integration in the national market is poor. The work presents the results of research into the spatial behavior of prices in the Russian Federation in 2003–2012, carried out mainly using the descriptive analysis of consumer prices based on the identification of the measures of dispersion of price indicators – standard deviation and the range of variation. The analysis of consumer price indices dynamics shows that the year 2008 is a period of greatest price growth, and also proves that the prices for services and foodstuffs are subject to the highest fluctuations. The analysis of the prices for the fixed set of goods and services shows that consumer prices in the Russian Federation subjects during the analyzed period changed unevenly; however, beginning from 2009 there is a positive trend of reducing fluctuations in their growth rates. The assessment of the spatial dynamics of consumer prices in Russia in 2003–2012 reveals the regions that deviate from the general trend of price behavior to the greatest extent. Judging by the results of the assessment, the greatest differences in prices were observed in the subjects of the Far Eastern Federal District (FEFD). Another important fact is as follows: the high volatility of food prices was observed not only in the remote regions, but also in the neighboring subjects of the Far Eastern Federal District; it allows us to assume that the integration of the food market of the border regions of the district at the national level is poor. Keywords: spatial behavior of prices, price volatility, spatial market integration. 248 33 (33) 2014 Economic and social changes: facts, trends, forecast YOUNG RESEARCHERS A.V. Stupnikova Nowadays, “space” is one of the key test this hypothesis using the statistical categorical concepts in the research analysis of consumer prices dynamics and devoted to integration processes in different to identify which RF regions have differed spheres of public activity and in different in prices behavior to a greater degree regions [1]. for the last decade. The analysis results The study of market integration is give grounds for the conclusion about aimed at assessment of spatial behavior of the degree of integration of the national prices. Prices and their dynamics are an market and selection of those regions that important indicator of efficiency of the are least integrated at the national level. economic system and optimal allocation It should be noted that in the scientific of limited resources. Large differences in literature there is a limited number of prices between regions of the country, their papers that present an in-depth statistical volatility and disproportionate changes can analysis of the dynamics of consumer indicate weak integration of the national prices in the RF. Moreover, most of these market and violation of the conditions of works are connected with the assessment common economic space. According to of prices behavior in the transition period. one of the approaches to the assessment Foreign researchers have been interested in of spatial market integration, often applied this issue as well. So, for example, P. De Masi in empirical studies, two markets will and V. Koen, who have studied the trends of be integrated, if prices change in similar regional disparities in prices in Russia in the direction and proportion [12]. early post-reform period, have found out Large distances between regional that the significant differences in regional markets, leading to substantial transport prices, characteristic for the study period, costs, and such factors as poor can not caused by a large distance between infrastructure, a lack or a poor condition regions and limited market integration of roads, communications, administrative in the country [10]. Similar findings have restrictions, cause multidirectional and been obtained in the study carried out by disproportionate price changes in some B. Gardner and K. Brooks [11]. According to regions of the country and disintegration of D. Berkowitz and D.N. DeJong, the reason the national market space. The territorial for significant inter-regional differences in vastness of the Russian Federation and prices are “anti-market” regions, or regions heterogeneity of the socio-economic of “a red belt”, which, unlike other regions, development of its regions suggest that are characterized by the specific price consumer prices behave differently, and behavior [9]. regional markets are characterized by The most important domestic studies are different degrees of integration at the conducted by A.A. Tsyplakov and K.P. Glu- national level. In this paper we try to shchenko. The research of A.A. Tsyplakov, Economic and social changes: facts, trends, forecast 3 (33) 2014 249 Estimation of the largest enterprises’ impact on the socio-economic development of territories presenting the statistical analysis of the – what are the differences in the prices dynamics of regional price levels for the dynamics of certain commodity groups in post-reform period, has revealed that in federal districts and RF subjects. 1994–1999 there were regional differences The descriptive analysis of prices is a in the dynamics of prices, but they were basic research tool. The most commonly relatively small [8]. used descriptive methods are frequency K.P. Glushchenko, having indicated distribution, measures of central tendency, significant differences in the levels of prices measures of variability (dispersion) and for goods between different territories of measures of relative position. To estimate the country in 1990–2000s, has disclosed spatial dynamics of the price range, we use weak integration of the Russian consumer measures of dispersion, such as standard market in this period [2]. On the basis of evaluation of the dynamics of the Russian variation and variation range, evaluating market integration in 1992–2000, the the extent of variation of variable values in author has come to the conclusion that in the variational series. 1994–1999, after reaching a peak of the The initial data for the analysis are Russian market fragmentation in 1993– relative prices indicators, consumer price 1994, the general trend is the convergence indices (CPI), and absolute ones, cost of of prices and strengthening of integration a fixed set of goods and services and cost of processes [3]. However, later, taking into the minimum set of food products. Selection account such an indicator of the market of multiple indicators, representing the integration as the strict law of one price, prices, is connected with the specific K.P. Glushchenko makes the conclusion character of statistical observation. The about relatively weak integration of the consumer price index is used in many Russian market in 1994–2000 [6]. works devoted to the analysis of spatial The research, estimating spatial prices behavior and the assessment of dynamics of consumer prices in Russia in market integration. At the same time, it 2003–2012, is carried out to assess the level is possible to note both advantages and of the country’s economic space integration disadvantages of this indicator. The index in the conditions of market economy and to identify the regions, deviating more gives an opportunity to analyze the prices from the general trend of price behavior. behavior for the three groups of goods – To achieve this goal we have identified: food, non-food and services. But this figure – what product groups are charac- is not ideal for the spatial analysis of prices terized by the highest price changes; as weights, determined by the structure of – what federal districts and RF subjects consumer expenses of the population and are characterized by the greatest price used for calculating the CPI, are different volatility; among the regions. 250 3 (33) 2014 Economic and social changes: facts, trends, forecast YOUNG RESEARCHERS A.V. Stupnikova Calculation of the cost of a fixed set of consumer price growth by 3% in 2003–2006 goods and services and the cost of a mini- and 7.2% in 2009–2011 discloses some mum set of food products is based on stability in the economy in the indicated common norms of consumption that can periods. However, in 2012, the rate of be used in the research of interregional consumer price growth increased again, differentiation of consumer prices levels. exceeding the minimum index value for However, the indicator of the cost of a the period by 0.5%. fixed set of goods and services does not To determine the dynamics of the price allow us to make conclusions about spatial growth of separate commodity groups we dynamics of separate groups of goods. have used monthly values of consumer The sources of price indicators are price indices of food products, manu- databases of consumer prices presented on factured goods and services. By comparing the website of the Federal State Statistics these indicators we have found out that Service [7]. services prices experienced the greatest The time period of the analysis is fluctuations and seasonal influence in the indicated from 2003 to 2012. Most examined period. So, annually, except empirical researches provide the results for 2012, there was sharp price growth in of estimation of spatial behavior of prices January. The greatest value of the interval in the period of their liberalization, as of services price fluctuations amounted to well as in the period of ruble devaluation almost 9% in 2008.
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