TANE 24, 1978

VASCULAR OF HEN ISLAND (TARANGA) NORTH-EASTERN by A.E. Wright

Department of , University of Auckland, Private Bag, Auckland

SUMMARY An annotated list of vascular plants found on Hen Island includes a total of 278 taxa (235 native and 43 adventive species). The position of less common species is shown on a map as an aid to their relocation in the future. Information on distribution and abundance is included and almost all records are supported by Herbarium specimens. Thirty-two taxa are listed for the first time from Hen Island. INTRODUCTION Hen Island (Taranga) lies 40km southeast of Whangarei City in the outer Hauraki Gulf (latitude 174° 43' E and longitude 35° 58' S - Fig. 1). The island is characterised by a steep, rocky coastline, with gentler slopes and wide valleys in more elevated areas and scattered rock outcrops along the summit ridges. Vegetation types vary greatly from dense coastal scrub through more open taraire/tawa (Beilschmiedia) forest, mixed coastal forest, kanuka (Lepto• spermum ericoides) scrub of a variety of ages to exposed meadow and scrub communities on the high rock outcrops. During a nine day scientific expedition to Hen Island (24 August — 1 September, 1977) a species list of vascular plants was compiled and a collection of specimens was made. The species are listed below in families, together with common names, general notes on abundance, distribution and habitat, and the Herbarium number of the specimen deposited in the Herbarium of the Auckland Institute and Museum (AK). Nomenclature and ordering of families follows Allan (1961) and Moore and Edgar (1970) for native plants except grasses. Adventive species and their common names follow the New Zealand Weed and Pest Control Society (1969). Authorities are given for exceptions to these sources. Records made by Cranwell and Moore (1935) following two weeks fieldwork in the early summers of 1933 and 1934, but not found during the present survey have been included to make the list as complete as possible. Cranwell and Moore lodged a comprehensive collection of specimens from the Hen and Chickens Islands with AK and their specimens have been cited (where they exist) if no collection was made during the present survey. Genera are listed alphabetically within families, as are species within genera, •denotes adventive species; denotes adventive families listed at the end of the appropriate section of the list; N.C. denotes species seen during present survey, but not collected.

77 WILSON BAY

LIGHTHOUSE BAY

DRAGON'S MOUTH COVE

PUKANUI BAY N

SIBSON BAY

REISCHEK BAY

KEY : 1 Agathis australis ( + Gahnia setifolia)

A TRIG STATION 2 scabrum 0

• PROMINENT POINTS 3 Trichomanes elongatum

jf^ INLAND ROCK OUTCROPS 4 Xeronema callistemon KILOMETRES

Fig. 1. Location of place-names and unusual and interesting plants. Inset shows the position of Hen Island «ff «™ Family Species Comments AK No.

PSILOPSIDA Psilotaceae Tmesipteris elongate Dang. Rare in high areas, growing from the bases of epiphytic 142772 Collospermum. Up to 60cm long, branching. T. lanceolate Dang. Occasional epiphyte on Cyathea dealbata in damp 142731 shady areas. T. tannensis Common in damp valleys in upper part of island; 142890 both terrestrial on rich soils and epiphytic on Cyathea dealbata. LYCOPSIDA Lycopodiaceae Lycopodium billiardieri Clubmoss. Occasional, growing from bases of 142765 epiphytic Collospermum in damp areas. FILICOPSIDA Schizaeaceae Lygodium articulatum Mangemange. Very thick tangles scattered through 142702 dry, open, coastal forest in lower areas. Hymenophyllum demissum Abundant on damp rocks around The Pinnacles; 142673 common in damp valleys throughout. 142988 H. dilatatum Common on damp shaded rocks around The Pinnacles; 142984 occasional in damp valleys on the northern side of the island. H. flabellatum Listed by Cranwell and Moore as rare on exposed interior rocks. No specimen in AK. H. rarum Listed by Cranwell and Moore as rare (on Astelia 114409 bases) in climax coastal forest. AK 114409 coll. Moore & Cranwell 30.11.34 "under rock near fort". H. revolution Common on rock faces and lower tree trunks 142679 around the highest Pinnacle. H. sanguinolentum Occasional; growing below Astelia and Collospermum 142671 on rock outcrops on ridges. H. scabrum Rare; terrestrial beneath mature kanuka forest in 142775 wide valley between Taranga and the Pinnacles. Family Species Comments AK No.

Trichomanes elongatum Rare; very small, juvenile plants in one deeply 142672 incised valley in the centre of the northern side of the island. T. endlicherianum Common on shaded clay banks of deeply incised 142680 valley in the centre of the northern side of the island. T. reniforme Kidney . Common on damp rocks around The 142670 Pinnacles; terrestrial on damp soil in central valleys on the northern side of the island. Dicksoniaceae Dicksonia squarrosa Wheki. Rare around base of highest Pinnacles: 142678 common in one damp valley in the centre of the northern side of the island. Cyatheaceae Cyathea dealbata Ponga. Common in dry valleys throughout. 142700 142781 C. medullaris Mamaku. Occasional seedlings found in openings N.C. in damp valleys. Polypodiaceae Anarthropteris lanceolata Abundant on rock faces in forest throughout. 142942 Phymatodes diversifolium Hound's tongue. Abundant on coastal and inland 142873 rocks and trees. P. scandens Abundant on rocks and trees in dry valleys 142694 throughout. Pyrrosia serpens Abundant throughout; epiphytic on trees and rocks. 142940 Thelypteridaceae Thelypteris pennigera Occasional in dry valleys throughout. 142982 Dennstaedtiaceae Hypolepis punctata Listed by Cranwell and Moore as occurring in climax coastal forest. No supporting specimen in AK. H. tenuifolia Uncommon; growing on alluvial soil beside stream in 142703 Pukanui Bay. Davalliaceae Arthropteris tenella Common on rocks in dry valleys throughout. 142741 Family Species Comments AK No.

Pteridaceae Histiopteris incisa Water fern. Rare in an open area below the highest 142767 Pinnacle. Paesia scaberula Listed by Cranwell and Moore as very rare in Leptospermum forest (on slip with Typha). No specimen in AK. Pteridium aquilinum var. esculentum Bracken. Common in open areas throughout. 142769 Pteris comans Occasional in open coastal forest and on coastal banks. 142751 P. macilenta var. saxatilis Occasional in dry, open coastal forest. 142770 P. tremula Turawera. Common on dry, well-lit coastal banks. 142750 Aspleniaceae Asplenium bulbiferum subsp. Hen and chickens fern. gracillimum Brownsey Rare, finely cut plants in coastal forest. 142740 A. flaccidum subsp. flaccidum Common epiphyte on rocks and trees, usually away 142701 from coast. A. flaccidum subsp. haurakiense Common along coastline; usually terrestrial but 142704 Brownsey occasionally epiphytic on Metrosideros excelsa. A. lamprophyllum Abundant in dry, rocky forest throughout. The most 142752 abundant and striking fern on the island, often forming pure swards up to 10m across. A. lucidum Huruhuruwhenua. Abundant throughout. 142692 A. polyodon Forst.f. Common in dry forest throughout; both epiphytic 142766 and terrestrial. Blechnaceae Blechnum capense Kiokio. Uncommon; occurring in scattered localities 142782 usually near rock outcrops. The 'Green Bay form' was found in coastal areas.

B. filiforme Abundant in dry forest; adult plants occasionally 142705 terrestrial. B. lanceolatum Common around streams and seasonal watercourses 142980 throughout. B. membranaceum Occasional on streambanks. AK 69327 coll. N.C. Moore and Cranwell 28.11.34 "near kauri". 69327 Family Species Comments AK No.

B. vulcanicum Rare; one colony of approximately 20 plants growing 142771 on stony soil beneath mature Leptospermum in a shallow, sheltered valley. Doodia media Common in coastal areas, particularly beneath 142699 Leptospermum. Dryopteridaceae Ctenitis decomposita Rare; one large colony found in immature coastal 142889 forest. Creeping among rocks on dry ridge. C. glabella Listed by Cranwell and Moore (1935) as occurring in 114836 climax forest. AK 114836 coll. Moore and Cranwell 14.11.33. C. velutina Velvet fern. Occasional in very dry, rocky coastal areas. 142735 Polystichum richardii Abundant in open coastal forest throughout; also 142706 very large plants growing along central ridge. Adiantaceae Adiantum cunninghamii Maidenhair. Occasional in damp stream valleys in 142682 forest. A. diaphanum Occasional in steep dry areas in coastal forest. 142753 A. fulvum Common in dry forest throughout. 142697 A. hispidulum Rosy maidenhair. Common in dry coastal areas and 142711 dry inland forest. Woolly cloak fern. Common in meadows on exposed 143349 Cheilanthes distans rock outcrops around the Pinnacles, Moran's Lookout and Baldy. Very common in crevices on rocky outcrops throughout. 142970 C. sieberi Range in length and breadth of frond considerable depending on degree of exposure. Uncommon in dry forest, particularly in flat areas on 142975 Pellaea rotundifolia headlands. Family Species Comments AK No.

SPERMATOPSI DA GYMNOSPERMAE Araucariaceae Agathis australis Kauri. Rare; one mature specimen located (see Fig. 1). 142744 Despite searching, the two younger teees recorded by Cranwell and Moore (1935) were not found. The single tree is approximately 18m tall with a diameter at breast height of 50cm. ANGIOSPERMAE DICOTYLEDONES Lauraceae Beilschmiedia tar air i Taraire. Common canopy tree in shallow valleys 142657 throughout. Often a pure dominant with trees to 14m tall. B. tawa Large-leaved tawa. Occasional in taraire forest. More 142757 common as spreading specimen trees on central ridges. Notable for extremely large leaf size (up to 150mm by 60mm). Monimiaceae Hedycarya arborea Pigeonwood. Occasional in coastal forest and over• 142695 mature kanuka forest. Laurelia novae-zelandiae Pukatea. Listed by Cranwell and Moore (1935) as "one big tree in streambed", climax coastal forest. No specimen in AK. Ranunculaceae Clematis paniculata Locally common in kanuka forest. Rare in mature 142749 coastal forest. C. parviflora Abundant on ridges and in coastal forest throughout. 142983 Ranunculus hirtus Listed by Cranwell and Moore as occasional in coastal 99955 forest. AK 99955 coll. Moore and Cranwell 14.11.33. Piperaceae Macropiper excelsum Kawakawa. Common throughout; particularly abundant 142683 in coastal forest. Peperomia urvilleana Common on rocks and boulders throughout. 142863 Cruciferae Brassica campestris* Wild turnip. Listed by Cranwell and Moore (1935) without habitat or abundance. No specimen from Hen Island in AK, although there is a sheet coll. Moore and Cranwell 2.12.34 from the southern Chicken. Family Species Comments AK No.

B. oleracea* Wild cabbage. Listed by Cranwell and Moore (1935) as frequent in coastal rock and scrub. No specimen from Hen Island in AK, but a specimen coll. Moore and Cranwell 13.11.33 from the first Chicken. Cardamine debilis New Zealand bitter cress. Locally common in exposed, 142807 well-lit, inland areas. Lepidium oleraceum Cook's scurvy grass. Listed by Cranwell and Moore as local in coastal rock and scrub. No specimen in AK. L. ruderale* Narrow-leaved cress. Listed by Cranwell and Moore as occurring in coastal rock and scrub. No specimen in AK. Rorippa stylosa Occasional on streambanks or dry watercourses in 143365 low scrub. Violaceae Hymenathera novae-zelandiae Common overhanging beaches on the coast. 142719 Mahoe. Common canopy tree in scrub and subcanopy 142868 shrub in forest.

Crassulaceae decumbens* Abundant but insignificant herb on foliose lichen-covered 142829 rocks throughout. Tillaea sieberiana Listed by Cranwell and Moore as abundant on coastal and interior rocks. No specimen in AK. Droseraceae Drosera auriculata Sundew. Abundant in well-lit kanuka forest throughout. 142732 Compact and fleshy forms were found growing in mosses on Baldy. Aizoaceae Disphyma australe New Zealand iceplant. Abundant on coastal rocks 142864 throughout. Tetragonia trigyna New Zealand spinach. Abundant on coastal rocks 142853 and in extreme coastal forest throughout. 142728

Caryophyllaceae Cerastium glomeratum* Annual mouse-ear chickweed. Common weed on 142722 coastal screes and inland rock outcrops. 142746 Family Species Comments AK No.

Polycarpon tetraphyllum * Allseed. Occasional weed on coastal screes; more 142850 common on interior rock outcrops. 142851 Sagina apetala* Annual pearlwort. Young seedlings common in crevices 142662 in coastal rocks. Scleranthus biflorus Listed by Cranwell and Moore as occasional on coastal rocks and shrub, occasional in Leptospermum forest and locally abundant on interior rocks. No specimen in AK. Silene gallica* Catchfly. Common on interior rock outcrops and 142814 coastal screes. Spergularia marginata Sea spurrey. Occasional in rock crevices immediately 142675 above high tide level. Stellaria media* Chickweed. Abundant weed on coastal screes. 142718 S. parviflora Common on floor of dry, well-lit coastal forest and 142674 hanging from rock crevices. 142747 Polygonaceae Muehlenbeckia complexa Wire vine. Abundant on coastal rocks and immediately 142684 behind beaches Chenopodiaceae Rhagodia triandra Common on extreme coastal soils and in humus-filled 142725 rock crevices. Salicornia australis Glasswort. Occasional on coastal rocks and cliffs. 142884 Geranium molle* Dove's foot. Listed by Cranwell and Moore without habitat or abundance. No specimen in AK. Geraniaceae G. solanderi Carolin Turnip-rooted geranium. Large plants occasional to 142H 1 8 common on the bigger inland rock outcrops. Pelargonium inodorum Kopata. Clumps occasional on larger inland rock 142809 outcrops. Oxalis corniculata Abundant on dry coastal soils. 142734 0. stricta Common on dry coastal soils, particularly in Dragon- N.C. Oxalidaceae mouth Cove. AK 100912 coll. Moore and Cranwell 100912 28.11.34. Linaceae Linum monogynum Ruahuia. Locally abundant on damp coastal rocks 142832 e.g. northern end of Wilson Bay. Family Species Comments AK No.

Haloragaceae Gonocarpus incanus (A. Cunn.) Orchard Uncommon beneath low scrub on Baldy. 142971 Shrubby haloragis. Abundant on coastal screes 142783 Halorgis erecta throughout. Water milfoil. Listed by Cranwell and Moore as occurring Myriophyllum sp. in a pit in Leptospermum forest. The pit was relocated during the present survey but was too overgrown and infilled to support this . No specimen in AK. Onagraceae Epilobium billardinerianum Ser. subsp. cinereum (A. Rich.) Listed by Cranwell and Moore as occurring in Leptospermum forest. No specimen from Hen Island in AK Raven & Ensielhorn but a sheet coll. Moore and Cranwell 2.1 2.34 from the south Chicken.

E. nummulariifolium Creeping willow herb. Listed by Cranwell and Moore as occurring on a slip with Typha in Leptospermum forest. No specimen in AK. Fuchsia excorticata Kotukutuku; tree fuchsia. Occasional shrub or tree 142981 around rocks in higher areas. Nyctaginaceae Heimerliodendron brunonianum Parapara; bird-catcher tree. Locally abundant in fertile 142877 valleys near the coast; often forming pure stands that 142965 exclude all groundcover due to poor light penetration. AK 142965 illustrates a natural variegated form found inland from Dragonmouth Cove. Thymelaeaceae Pimelea prostrata Strathmore weed. Local on exposed rocks near the coast; e.g. on the rocky bluffs at the northwestern tip of the island. Proteaceae Rewarewa. Occasional to common in kanuka regenera• 142987 tion. Uncommon in coastal forest. Family Species Comments AK No.

Coriariaceae Tutu. Locally abundant on coastal banks and screes 142785 e.g. Old Woman Cove. Pittosporaceae Pittosporum cornifolium Listed by Cranwell and Moore as occasional in climax 102376 coastal forest. AK.102376, 7 coll. Moore and Cranwell 102377 17.11.33; AK102378 coll. Moore and Cranwell 28.11.34. 102378 P. crassifolium Karo. Locally abundant shrub above boulder beaches, 142881 particularly on the northern coast. P. umbellatum Common shrub and small tree on lower ridges and 142828 around rock outcrops. Passifloraceae Tetrapathaea tetrandra Kohia. Listed by Cranwell and Moore as rare in climax coastal forest. No specimen in AK. Cucurbitaceae Sicyos angulata Mawhai. Locally abundant scrambling over all other 142967 vegetation immediately behind boulder beaches, e.g. Pukanui Bay. Myrtaceae Leptospermum ericoides Kanuka. Common over large areas at the eastern end and 142693 on the northern side of the island. Extremely large, senescent trees up to 16m tall and 60cm diameter breast height are scattered along the central ridge between the Pinnacles and Baldy. L. scoparium Manuka. Listed by Cranwell and Moore as occasional on interior rocks and occasional to locally dominant in Leptospermum forest. They state that "in a few small areas the growth of manuka rather than kanuka has recently been favoured by burning" (1935). No specimen in AK although there are several collections from the Chickens. Metrosideros carminea Carmine rata. Listed (as M. diffusa) by Cranwell and 102225 Moore as occasional on rock in climax coastal forest. AK 102225 coll. Moore and Cranwell 28.11.34. A further 5 sheets including juvenile material were coll. 14.11.33. Family Species Comments AK No.

M. excelsa Pohutukawa. Abundant coastal tree throughout. 142707 Occasional groves slightly inland. M. fulgens Abundant, locally dominant on windswept ridges 142811 around Taranga. M. perforata Clinging rata. Common, closely appressed on rock faces 142729 around the Pinnacles. Lophomyrtus bullata Ramarama. Uncommon shrub in coastal forest; most N.C. specimens badly eaten by insects. Listed by Cranwell and Moore but no specimen in AK. arborescens Whau. Locally abundant in open, well-lit coastal areas, 142969 e.g. around campsite in Dragonsmouth Cove. Hoheria populnea Houhere. Occasional shrub in coastal forest and 142659 Leptospermum forest. Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia glauca Locally abundant on damp coastal screes and soil 142831 accumulations on coastal cliffs. E. peplus* Milkweed. Common on top of a small number of sheltered 142878 inland rock outcrops, e.g. just inland from the Dragonmouth Cove campsite. Rosaceae Rubus cissoides Bush lawyer. Locally abundant in upper areas particularly 142738 around the Pinnacles where extremely lush pure tangles are found. Papilionaceae Carmichaelia aligera New Zealand broom. Occasional in coastal scrub and 142895 Leptospermum forest. Sophora microphylla Kowhai. Locally abundant in coastal scrub and 142723 Leptospermum forest particularly at the eastern end of the island. Moraceae Paratrophis banksii Large-leaved milk tree. Locally common in coastal forest, 142714 especially in flat areas. Juvenile4eaved shrubs very 142764 common in kanuka forest in higher areas. Mature-leaved, flowering shrubs were often smaller than nearby juveniles. Family Species Comments AK No.

P. microphylla Turepo; milk tree. Rare shrubs in kanuka/coastal forest 142745 mixtures. Australina pusilla Common herb on forest floor in dry coastal areas. 142748 Parietaria debilis Abundant straggling herb in any extreme coastal soil 142726 accumulations. ferox Onga onga; tree nettle. Locally abundant shrub on 14271 2 coastal flats (e.g. Pukanui Bay around stream mouth) and in elevated flat areas around the Pinnacles. Corynocarpaceae Corynocarpus laevigatus . Common tree in coastal forest, particularly on 142872 flat areas near the sea. Rhamnaceae Pomaderris phylicifolia var. ericfolia Tauhinu. Common in scrub on exposed inland rock 142715 outcrops, e.g. Baldy. Rutaceae Melicope ternata Wharangi. Locally abundant in coastal scrub; occasional 142737 in coastal and kanuka forest. Meliceae Dysoxylum spectabile Kohekohe. Important and common constituent of 142860 mature and developing coastal forest throughout. One of the first forest species to appear in kanuka regeneration. Sapindaceae Alectryon excelsus Titoki. Uncommon in mature coastal forest. 142943 Dodonaea viscosa Akeake. Locally common in coastal kanuka forest and 142730 coastal scrub. Araliaceae Meryta sinclairii Puka. Locally abundant tree in coastal forest 142815 throughout, although rarely more than 100m from 142816 the sea. The largest grove seen was around the stream at the western end of Old Woman Cove. Pseudopanax arboreus (Murr.) Philipson Occasional in coastal forest throughout. Locally 142686 abundant in kanuka forest. P. lessonii (DC.) C. Koch. Common member of coastal scrub and extreme coastal 142854 forest communities. Schefflera digitata Pate. Occasional in coastal forest throughout. 142986 Family Species Comments AK No.

Cornaceae Griselinia lucida Puka. One plant only seen perched on rock outcrop 142780 in coastal forest. Umbelliferae Apium australe Maori celery. Abundant on coastal rocks, banks and 142747 screes. 142858 Caucalis daucoides* Listed by Cranwell and Moore as "one stunted plant seen". No specimen in AK. Daucus glochidiatus New Zealand carrot. Abundant in herbfield on top of 142893 large rock outcrops along ridges throughout. Hydrocotyle cf. americana (a) Rare, forming dense cushions in rock crevices, coastal 142843 forest. H. cf. americana (b) Uncommon, pendulous from rocks in coastal forest, 142842 e.g. large rock behind fireplace, Dragonmouth Cove campsite. c H. elongata Listed by Cranwell and Moore as occasional in coastal 104451 forest and locally abundant in Leptospermum forest. AK 10445 1 coll. Cranwell and Moore, no date. H. sp. Locally abundant on dry ridges in coastal forest 142841 between Pukanui Bay and Old Woman Cove. Scandia rosaefolia (Hook.f.) Dawson Common, locally abundant beneath coastal scrub and 142708 on coastal screes. Epacridaceae Cyathodes fasciculata Mingimingi. Listed by Cranwell and Moore as occasional 143371 in Leptospermum forest. AK 143371 coll. Moore and Cranwell 28.11.34. C. fraseri Patotara. Locally dominant on steep grassy slopes above 142724 the northwestern tip of the island. Sapotaceae Planchonella novo-zelandica Tawapou. Common to frequent tree in lower coastal 142830 forest. Myrsinaceae Myrsine australis Mapau. Common shrub in coastal forest. 142985 Family Species Comments AK No.

M. salicina Toro. Listed by Cranwell and Moore as occurring in Leptospermum forest - "one seen on Taranga girth 64.5cm". No specimen in AK. Oleaceae Nestegis apetala Locally common shrub and small tree in coastal forest 142836 throughout. Loganiaceae Geniostoma ligustrifolium Hangehange. Abundant shrub in kanuka forest and 142754 coastal forest throughout. Apocynaceae Parsonsia capsularis Listed by Cranwell and Moore as occurring in climax 106132 coastal forest. AK 106132 labelled/", capsularis coll. Moore and Cranwell 30.11.34. P. heterophylla New Zealand jasmine; kaihua. Locally abundant in 142827 coastal forest, particularly near the sea. New Zealand honeysuckle. Scattered small straggling 142803 shrubs (to 1.5m tall) in dry forest north of Taranga and Baldy. Coprosma australis Kanono. Abundant shrub in coastal forest throughout. 142833 C. lucida Karamu. Occasional in kanuka and coastal forest. 142870 C. lucida x rhamnoides C. gracilis A. Cunn. Listed by Cranwell and Moore as occurring in Leptospermum forest. No specimen in AK. C. macrocarpa Abundant in extreme coastal forest. 142879 C. repens Taupata. Common on rocks above high water. 142857 C. rhamnoides Locally abundant in dry coastal forest. 142685 C. robusta Karamu. Listed by Cranwell and Moore as occasional 37340 in all communities. AK 37340 coll. Moore and Cranwell 28.11.34. C. tenuicaulis? Listed by Cranwell and Moore without habitat or abundance. No specimen in AK. Compositae Aster subulatus* Sea aster. Listed by Cranwell and Moore as rare in Leptospermum forest. No specimen in AK. Family Species Comments AK No.

Bidens pilosa Cobbler's pegs. Occasional on grassy coastal cliffs on 142733 the northern side of the island; locally abundant on top of large rock outcrops in coastal forest. Brachyglottis repanda Rangiora. Occasional in lower areas throughout. 142867 Carduus pycnocephalus* Slender winged thistle. Listed by Cranwell and Moore 89670 as locally abundant on exposed interior rocks and occasional in Leptospermum forest. AK 89670 coll. Moore and Cranwell 27.11.34. C. tenuiflorus* Winged thistle. Occasional on coastal screes. 142849 Cirsium vulgare* Scotch thistle. Common around the coast. 142690 Crepis capillaris* Hawksbeard. Common around coast and on interior 142713 rock outcrops. Erigeron canadensis* Canadian fleabane. Listed by Cranwell and Moore as to occasional on exposed interior rocks and in Leptospermum forest. No specimen in AK. Probably a case of mis- identification as several sheets collected by Moore and Cranwell from the Chickens have recently been re• determined as E. floribundus. E. floribundus* Broad-leaved fleabane. Common to locally abundant 142710 in coastal areas. 142892 Gnaphalium gymnocephalum Creeping cudweed. Abundant in Leptospermum forest 142848 and open spaces throughout. 142851 G. luteo-album agg. Jersey cudweed. Abundant in open areas. 142855 G. sphaericum* Japanese cudweed. Common on coastal banks and screes 142846 G. spicatum* Purple cudweed. Common on coastal banks and screes 142847 and exposed interior rock outcrops. G. ustulatum* Rare; growing on base of fallen Collospermum in opening 142839 in opening in coastal forest. Comments AK No.

Hypochoeris radicata * Catsear. Abundant around coastline and on interior 142804 rock outcrops. Lagenifera pumila Listed by Cranwell and Moore as occasional in Leptospermum forest. No specimen in AK. Olearia albida Auckland tree daisy. Listed by Cranwell and Moore as 35226 occasional in Leptospermum forest. AK 35226, 7 coll. 35227 Moore and Cranwell 26.1 1.34. O. furfuracea Akepiro. Occasional in forest and scrub throughout. 142663 142664 Picris echioides* Locally abundant on coastal screes. AK 77608 coll. N.C. Moore and Cranwell. 77608 P. heiracioides Abundant in grassland around lighthouse (above 142837 Lighthouse Bay). Not seen elsewhere. Senecio bipinnatisectus* Australian fireweed. Occasional on coastal screes. 142689 S. glomeratus Abundant on rock outcrops along central ridges. 142665 142666 142667 S. kirkii Kirk's tree daisy. Occasional in coastal forest, locally 142865 abundant on ridges and around interior rock outcrops. S. lautus Shore groundsel. Common on rocks above hightide 142892 and exposed interior rock outcrops. S. quadridentatus Cotton fireweed. Abundant on interior rock outcrops, 142668 particularly on exposed ridges. 142840 Sonchus asper* Prickly sow thistle. Listed by Cranwell and Moore as 90889 occasional in coastal rock and scrub. AK 90889, 90 90890 coll. Moore and Cranwell 14.11.33 and annotated "base of cliff in forest near Disphyma". S. oleraceus* Sow thistle. Common in open or disturbed areas 142813 throughout. Family Species Comments AK No.

Gentianaceae Centaurium erythraea* Centaury. Listed by Cranwell and Moore as occasional on exposed interior rocks and in Leptospermum forest. No specimen in AK, although there are several collections from the Chickens. Primulaceae Anagallis arvensis* Scarlet pimpernel. Common on coastal screes and 142806 exposed inland rock outcrops. Samolus repens Locally common in coastal rock crevices. 142887 Plantaginaceae Plant ago major* Broad-leaved plantain. Rare, one or two specimens seen 142791 growing in amongst boulders on upper beach, Reischek Bay. P. raoulii Listed by Cranwell and Moore as occurring in coastal rock and scrub. No specimen in AK. Campanulaceae Wahlenbergia gracilis New Zealand harebell. Abundant on exposed coastal and 14287 1 interior rocks. Lobeliaceae Lobelia anceps Shore lobelia. Abundant in coastal rocks and scrub. 142812 Solanaceae Physalis peruviana* Cape gooseberry. Occasional plants in forest and scrub 142658 openings. Solatium aviculare Poroporo. Common in forest openings in higher areas, 142865 particularly around the Pinnacles. S. nodiflorum Small-flowered nightshade. Abundant in forest near 142805 the coast, particularly where avian burrows are dense. Convolvulaceae Calystegia sepium agg. Greater bindweed. Abundant in coastal and kanuka 142709 scrub. C. tugoriorum Locally common at tops of boulder beaches, e.g. 142688 Pukanui Bay. 142817 Dichondra repens Mercury Bay weed. Abundant in lower coastal 142691 forests." 142966 Family Species Comments AK No.

Scrophulariaceae He be bollonsii Abundant in coastal scrub, common in coastal forest 142819 throughout. Very variable and often difficult to 142820 distinguish from H. macrocarpa. H. parviflora Common shrub or tree in all major habitats. 142626 H. stricta var. stricta Koromiko. Listed by Cranwell and Moore as locally abundant in Leptospermum forest. No specimen in AK although there are several collections from the Chickens. Gesneriaceae Rhabdothamnus solandri Waiautua. Abundant in dry coastal forest throughout. 142755 Myoporaceae Myoporum laetum Ngaio. Occasional in extreme coastal scrub, e.g. above 142862 beach in Wilson Bay. Verbenaceae Vitex lucens Puriri. Large trees common in mature coastal forest. 142696 Orobanchaceae Orobanche minor* Broomrape. Listed by Cranwell and Moore as growing 93269 on Apium. AK 93269 coll. Moore and Cranwell 17.11.33. Phytolaccaceae Phytolacca octandra* Inkweed. Common weed in extreme coastal scrub and 142801 forest openings. MONOCOTYLEDONES Liliaceae Arthropodium cirratum Renga lily. Abundant in rock crevices, both coastal 142869 and inland. Astelia banksii Abundant on coastal and inland rock outcrops. 142852 142876 A. nervosa Listed by Cranwell and Moore as occurring in Leptospermum forest. No specimen in AK. A. solandri Abundant in kanuka forest, common on inland rock 142742 outcrops. A. trinervia Kauri grass. Listed by Cranwell and Moore as occurring in Leptospermum forest near the kauri tree. No specimen in AK. Collospermum hastatum Abundant in forest and scrub throughout. Epiphytic 142861 and rupestral. Family Species Comments

Diane I la nigra Turutu; blueberry. Occasional in dry forest throughout. Xeronema callistemon Poor Knight's lily. Scattered large clumps around upper edges of large rock outcrops on valley sides north and northeast of Dragonsmouth Cove. Smilaceae scandens Supplejack. Extensive colonies in more mature forests throughout. Particularly abundant on sides of damp valley Agavaceae Cordyline australis Cabbage tree. Locally abundant throughout. Many exceptionally large specimens can be found towering over senescent kanuka on central ridges. C. banksii Ti ngahere. Uncommon in kanuka forest. Phormium tenax New Zealand flax. Common on exposed inland rock outcrops; locally abundant in Leptospermum forest. Juncaceae Juncus gregiflorus Listed by Cranwell and Moore without habitat or abundance. No specimen in AK. Typhaceae Raupo. Listed by Cranwell and Moore as very rare in Typha orientalis Leptospermum forest (on wet slip a few metres long). No specimen in AK. Iridaceae Listed by Cranwell and Moore without habitat or Libertia ixioides abundance. AK 108670 coll. Moore and Cranwell 14.11.33. Palmae Nikau. Locally very abundant in coastal and more Rhopalostylis sapida mature kanuka forests. Large, drooping fronds give the forest a very tropical aspect. Acianthus fornicatus var. sine Locally abundant in kanuka forest throughout. Caladenia carnea Rare; growing amongst mosses at edge of scrub on summit of Baldy. Dendrobium cunninghamii Common in coastal forest, epiphytic from the bases of Collospermum. Drymoanthus adversus Occasional epiphyte on extreme coastal trees. Family Species Comments AK No.

Earina autumnalis Uncommon; both epiphytic and rupestral around the 142736 Pinnacles. E. mucronata Common in coastal forest. 142756 Microtis unifolia Common in low turf on top of exposed inland rock 142778 outcrops. banksii Green-hooded orchid. Listed by Cranwell and Moore as 108590 occurring on rock in coastal forest and in Leptospermum forest. AK 108590 coll. Moore and Cranwell 17.11.33 and annotated "in manuka near camp". P. graminea var. rubricaulis Locally abundant in kanuka forest. 142808 P. trullifolia Locally abundant in kanuka forest. Commonly 142716 associated with Acianthus and P. graminea var. rubricaulis. Thelymitra longifolia Sun orchid. Abundant on exposed coastal and inland 142676 rocks. Cyperaceae Carex breviculmis Rare; growing on large outcrop on beach in Dragons- 142838 mouth Cove in low turf community. C. vacillans Common in coastal and kanuka forests throughout. Usually growing in shade where its are dark green and flattened. An apparently distinct form, abundant under scrub around coastline and in more exposed situations, had lighter green, channelled leaves. Cyperus ustulatus Common on coastal screes and in extreme coastal 142823 scrub. Gahnia lacera Common around streams in coastal forest. 142784 G. setifolia Occasional clumps in kanuka near the large kauri tree. 142774 None appear particularly healthy, and the maturing community may be excluding this species. Lepidosperma laterale Sword sedge. Listed by Cranwell and Moore as occurring 109580 in one locality. AK109580 coll. Moore and Cranwell 28.11.34. Family- Species Comments AK No.

Schoenus tendo Listed by Cranwell and Moore from one locality in Leptospermum forest. No collection in AK. Scirpus cernuus Abundant in coastal rock crevices. 142834 S. nodosus Common on extreme coastal banks. 142990 Uncinia banksii Hooked sedge. Locally abundant in dry coastal forest. 142669 142824 U. laxiflora Hooked sedge. Occasional in dry coastal forest. 142669 U. uncinata Hooked sedge. Common in dry coastal forest. 142773 Listed by Cranwell and Moore as locally abundant on coastal rocks. No specimen in AK, although there are Gramineae Agropyron kirkii Zotov several sheets from the Chickens. Silvery hair grass. Listed by Cranwell and Moore as 98172 a abundant to dominant on exposed coastal and interior 98173 x Aira caryophyllea* rocks. AK 98172 coll. Moore and Cranwell 14.11.33 98177 from "base of cliffs in forest near Disphyma". 98184 Briza minor* Shivery grass. Listed by Cranwell and Moore as occurring in Leptospermum forest. No specimen in AK. Bromus arenarius Lab. Listed by Cranwell and Moore as locally abundant on coastal rocks. No specimen in AK. B. diandrus* Ripgut brome. Listed by Cranwell and Moore as occasional on coastal rocks and local on exposed interior rocks. No specimen in AK. Cortaderia jubata* Purple pampas grass. A few young clumps were seen 142822 on the foreshore in Old Woman Cove. C. splendens Connor Coastal toetoe. Occasional clumps in coastal scrub. 142825 Dactylis glomerata * Cocksfoot. Common on coastal and exposed interior 142721 rock outcrops. Deyeuxia billardieri Sand wind grass. Abundant on coastal rocks and screes. 142789 Family Species Comments AK No.

Dichelachne crinita (Linn.f.) Long-hair plume grass. Common on coastal rocks and 142687 Hook.f. screes. 142885

Echinopogon ovatus (Forst.f.) Hedgehog grass. Listed by Cranwell and Moore as 109968 Beauv. locally abundant on exposed interior rocks.

Lachnagrostis filiformis New Zealand wind grass. Listed by Cranwell and Moore as frequent on coastal rocks. No specimen in AK. Microlaena avenacea Bush rice grass. Listed by Cranwell and Moore as very 109883 rare in climax coastal forest. AK 109883 coll. Moore and Cranwell 14.11.33. M. polynoda Hook.f. Abundant on ridges in coastal and kanuka forest. 142758 Notodanthonia biannularis Danthonia. Abundant on coastal screes, rocks and 142720 o exposed inland rock outcrops. N. unarede Danthonia. Not listed by Cranwell and Moore; however, 110130 a specimen AK 110130 coll. Moore and Cranwell 17.11.33 from Hen Island is found in AK.

Oplismenus imbecillis (R.Br.) Common in coastal and kanuka forest throughout. 142891 Roem. & Schult. Paspalum dilatatum* Paspalum. Local on coastal cliffs. N.C. Poa anceps Forst.f. Common on coastal cliffs and screes. 142786 P. annua* Local on coastal rocks. 142830 P. imbecilla Forst.f. Abundant on exposed coastal and interior rocks. 142944 Sporobolus africanus* Ratstail. Abundant on rocks throughout and coastal 142810 cliffs. Tristetum antarcticum Trin. Listed by Cranwell and Moore as rare to abundant on 110295 coastal rocks. AK 110295, 6 coll. Moore and Cranwell 110296 17.11.33. Family Species Comments AK No.

Vulpia bromoides* Vulpia hair grass. Common on coastal cliffs and exposed 142888 inland rock outcrops. V. myuros* Vulpia hair grass. Listed by Cranwell and Moore as occasional on coastal rocks, abundant on exposed interior rocks and abundant in Leptospermum forest. One flowering head of V. myuros is included in a collection of Dichelachne crinita, AK 110016 coll. Moore and Cranwell 15.11.33 from "rock in forest".

O o NEW RECORDS

The following thirty-two taxa were not listed by Cranwell and Moore (1935), but were found during the present survey:

Blechnum vulcanicum H. sp. (not in Allan 1961) Caladenia carnea Hymenophyllum scabrum Carduus tenuiflorus Notodanthonia unarede Carex breviculmis Paspalum dilatatum C. vacillans Physalis peruviana Cortaderia jubata Phytolacca octandra Crassula decumbens Poa annua Ctenitis decomposita P. imbecilla Cyathodes fraseri Pterostylis graminea var. rubricaulis Daucus glochidiatus Sagina apetala Drosera auriculata Stellaria media Erigeron floribundus Tmesipteris elongata Euphorbia peplus T. lanceolata Gnaphalium ustulatum T. tannensis Hydrocotyle cf. americana (a) Trichomanes elongatum H. cf. americana (b) Uncinia laxiflora

COMPOSITION OF THE FLORA

A numerical breakdown of the Flora of Hen Island according to plant groupings and native or adventive status is given in Table 1.

Table 1. Breakdown of the Vascular Flora of Hen Island according to plant groups and native or adventive status.

Cranwell & Moore Present Combined (1935) Survey

Native and Fern-Allies 46 50 55 Native Gymnosperm 1 1 1 Native Dicotyledons 118 103 125 Adventive Dicotyledons 23 22 33 Native 48 40 54 Adventive Monocotyledons 8 7 10

TOTALS 244 223 278

101 REFERENCES

Allan, H.H. 1961: ". Volume 1." Government Printer, Wellington, 1085p. Cranwell, L.M. & Moore L.B. 1935: Botanical Notes on the Hen and Chickens Islands. Records of the Auckland Institute and Museum 1(6): 301-318. Moore, L.B. & Edgar, E. 1970: "Flora of New Zealand. Volume 2." Government Printer, Wellington, 354p. New Zealand Weed and Pest Control Society 1969: "Standard Common Names for Weeds in New Zealand". Editorial Services, Wellington, 141 p.

102