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Turgut Özal Türk Dünyasi TURGUT ÖZAL VE TÜRK DÜNYASI TÜRKİYE-TÜRK CUMHURİYETLERİ İLİŞKİLERİ 1983-1993 ABDULVAHAP KARA IQ Kültür Sanat Yayıncılık: 454 Araştırma-İnceleme Dizisi: 391 Turgut Özal ve Türk Dünyası Abdulvahap Kara Kitabın tüm yayın hakları IQ Kültür Sanat Yayıncılık Uluslararası Tanıtım Hizmetleri Ticaret Limited Şirketi’ne aittir. Yayınevinden yazılı izin alınmadan kısmen veya tamamen alıntı yapılamaz, hiçbir şekilde kopya edilemez, çoğaltılamaz ve yayımlanamaz. Yayıncı Sertifika No: 12446 1. Baskı: Ekim 2012 / İstanbul ISBN: 978-975-255-355-2 Genel Yayın Yönetmeni: Adem Sarıgöl Editör: Yard. Doç. Dr. Kenan Koç Mizanpaj: Fokus Ajans Kapak Tasarım: Murat Acar Halkla İlişkiler ve Dağıtım Sorumlusu: Yusuf Sarıgöl Baskı-Cilt: Altan Bas. San. ve Tic. Ltd. Şti. Yüzyıl Mah. Matbaacılar Sit. No. 222/A Bağcılar / İstanbul 0212 629 03 74 Copyright © IQ Kültür Sanat Yayıncılık Uluslararası Tanıtım Hizmetleri Ticaret Limited Şirketi Copyright © 2012, Abdulvahap Kara IQ KÜLTÜR SANAT YAYINCILIK, toplumu “Bilgi Işığında Aydınlanmaya” çağırıyor, Amaç satışları ya da kârı arttırmak değil, yalnızca topluma faydalı olmak. GENEL DAĞITIM www.iqkultursanat.com e-mail: [email protected] TOPLU ALIMLARDA İSTEME ADRESİ IQ KÜLTÜR SANAT YAYINCILIK ve ULUSLARARASI TANITIM HİZMETLERİ TİC.LTD.ŞTİ. 19 Mayıs Mah. Osman Gazi Cad. Günyüzü Konakları C Blok No.1-A Büyükçekmece-İstanbul Tel: 0212 519 56 83 Belgegeçer: 0212 520 91 12 Cep: 0505 226 34 00 TURGUT ÖZAL VE TÜRK DÜNYASI TÜRKİYE-TÜRK CUMHURİYETLERİ İLİŞKİLERİ 1983-1993 ABDULVAHAP KARA DOÇ. DR. ABDULVAHAP KARA 19 Kasım 1961’de İstanbul’da doğan Abdulvahap Kara, Gazipaşa İlkokulu, Abdülhak Ha- mit Ortaokulu, Yeşilköy Ticaret Lisesi, 1982’de Boğaziçi Üniversitesi Elektronik Yüksek Teknisyenliği’nden mezun oldu. 1982-1985 Yeşilköy Atatürk Havalimanı DHMİ Elek- tronik Bölümünde görev yapan Kara, 1986 yılında İstanbul Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Tarih bölümünü bitirdi. 1987-1988 arasında Osmanlı Devlet Arşivlerinde gö- rev yaptıktan sonra, Almanya’nın Münih şehrinde bulunan Hürriyet Radyosu’nda 1988- 1995 yıllarında Kazak Türkçesi yayınlarda editör olarak çalıştı. 1997’de Mimar Sinan Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsünde Kazakistan’da 1986 Al- matı Olaylarının İçyüzü ve Etkileri başlıklı teziyle yüksek lisans eğitimini ve 2002’de de doktorasını tamamladı. Doktora tezi aynı yıl Türkistan Ateşi Mustafa Çokay’ın Hayatı ve Mücadelesi adıyla yayınlandı. Kasım 2006’da doçent olan Kara’nın Gamalı Haç ile Kızılyıldız Arasındaki Yazar Cengiz Dağcı (İstanbul, 2006), Kazakistan’ın Yeniden Doğuşu 1986 Aralık Olayları (İstanbul, 2006), Türk İşadamları ve Yatırımcıları için Kazakistan Rehberi (İstanbul, 2008), Özgür- lüğün Sönmez Ruhu Nurgocay Batur’un Osman Batur Hakkındaki Hatıraları (Astana, 2009), Avrasya’nın Yükselen Yıldızı Kazakistan (Doç. Dr. Okan Yeşilot ile birlikte, İstan- bul, 2011) telif ve Eski Devirlerden Günümüze Kazakistan ve Kazaklar (2007), Prof. Dr. Nemat Kelimbetov Türk Dünyasının Ortak Edebi Eserleri (2010), Hasetlik (2011), Yaşlılık (2011) ve Oğluma Mektuplar (2011) çeviri kitapları ile Türkiye ve Kazakistan’da yayın- lanmış çok sayıda makalesi bulunmaktadır. Kara’nın aldığı ödüller: Türkiye Yazarlar Birliği Biyografi Ödülü (2002), Almatı Valili- ği Şeref Ödülü (2007), Kazakistan Cumhurbaşkanlığı Astana Şehri 10. Yılı Madalyası (2008), Kazakistan Kültür ve Enformasyon Bakanlığı Dil Komitesi’nin “Kazak Türkçesi- ne Hizmet” Madalyası (2008), TÜRKSOY Şair Kasım Amancolov’un 100. Yılı Madalyası (2011), Kazakistan Eğitim ve Bilim Bakanlığı Kazakistan Bilimine Hizmet Madalyası (2011), Kazakistan Ankara Büyükelçiliği Kazakistan - Türkiye İlişkilerine Hizmet Ma- dalyası (2011). Kazakistan’ın Jas Kazak Üni Gazetesi tarafından 2010 yılında “Diyaspo- rada Yılın Adamı” seçildi. İçindekiler Önsöz ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 7 Giriş .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 11 Sovyetler Birliği ile İlişkiler ....................................................................................................................... 15 Karadeniz Ekonomik İşbirliği Projesi ....................................................................................... 28 Kazakistan’da 1986 Almatı Olayları .............................................................................................. 36 Kırım Tatarlarının Vatana Dönüşleri ......................................................................................... 48 Karabağ Meselesi ...................................................................................................................................................... 58 Ahıska Türkleri ........................................................................................................................................................... 77 Gagavuz Türkleri .................................................................................................................................................... 89 Tataristan .............................................................................................................................................................................. 96 Moskova’da 1991 Darbe Girişimi ................................................................................................. 109 SSCB’nin Dağılması ve Bağımsız Devletler Topluluğu’nun Kurulması ........................................................................................ 117 Nükleer Güç Kazakistan ............................................................................................................................ 130 Türkiye İle Türk Cumhuriyetleri Arasında İlk Resmi Ziyaretler ........................................................................................................... 140 Yeni Türk Cumhuriyetleriyle Ortaya Çıkan Fırsatlar .................................... 157 Türk Modeli .................................................................................................................................................................. 171 Demirel’in Türk Cumhuriyetleri Gezisi ............................................................................. 190 Türk Dünyasında İşbirliğine Yönelik İlk Adımlar .............................................. 199 Türk Cumhuriyetlerinin İlk Zirve Toplantısı ............................................................ 208 Özal’ın Türk Cumhuriyetlerine Son Gezisi ve Vefatı ..................................... 220 Sonuç ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 251 Bibliyografya ............................................................................................................................................................... 257 ÖNSÖZ 1991’de Sovyetler Birliği çökmesiyle Azerbaycan, Kazakistan, Kırgızistan, Türkmenistan ve Özbekistan gibi ülkeler bağımsızlık- larına kavuşmuş ve Türkiye-Türk cumhuriyetleri ilişkileri gündeme gelmişti. Türkiye başta olmak üzere dünyada hiçbir ülke Sovyetler Birliği’nin Aralık 1991’de dağılmasını beklemiyordu. Bu sebeple pek çok ülke yeni bağımsız cumhuriyetler ile ilişkiler tesis etmede ve bu ülkelere yönelik politikalar belirlemede hazırlıksız yakalanmışlardı. Türkiye de hazırlıksız yakalanan ülkeler arasındaydı. Ancak, yeni ülkeler ile yeni ilişkiler tesis etmede, belki de, dünyadaki en avantajlı ülkelerden biriydi. Bu sadece eski Sovyetler Birliği coğraf- yasına komşu olmasından değil, aynı zamanda Sovyetler Birliği’nin son döneminde Ankara’nın Moskova ile çok yakın ilişkiler tesis etmesinden de kaynaklanıyordu. Bu ilişkilerin geliştirilmesinde Turgut Özal’ın rolü büyüktü. Özal’ın daha sonra bağımsızlıklarını kazanan Türk cumhuriyetlerine de büyük önem verdiği gözlendi. Hatta bu ülkelere yönelik 11 günlük ziyaretinden iki gün sonra 17 Nisan 1993’te de vefat etti. Özal Türkiye’nin sadece dış politikada değil, iç politikada da çeşitli alanlarda önemli gelişme ve ilerlemelerin önünü açan etkili bir devlet adamı olarak tarihe geçti. Bu sebeple ölümünden sonra hakkında onlarca kitap yazıldı. Bunların hemen hepsi iç politikada yaptıklarıyla ilgili eserlerdir. Ancak Özal’ın dış politikası, özellikle 8 TURGUT ÖZAL VE TÜRK DÜNYASI dış politikada çok büyük önem verdiği Türk cumhuriyetleri ilgili çalışmalarına yönelik ciddi bir kitap çalışmasının bugüne kadar yapılmadığı dikkatlerden kaçmamaktadır. İşte bu durum bizi bu çalışmanın yapılmasına sevk etti. Ça- lışmanın adını Turgut Özal ve Türk Dünyası (Türkiye-Türk Cumhuriyetleri İlişkileri 1983-1993) olarak koymayı uygun gör- dük. Aslında Özal’ın doğrudan dış politikayı yönlendirdiği dönem başbakan olduğu 1983-1989 yılları arasıdır. Bundan sonra dört yıl, yani 1989-1993 yılları arasında cumhurbaşkanlığı görevi yapa- caktır. Bu dönemde dış politikanın aktif yönlendiricisi Özal değil, başbakanlık görevlerinde bulunan Yıldırım Akbulut, Mesut Yılmaz ve Süleyman Demirel’dir. Buna rağmen Özal’ın hayatının son dört yılını da Özal dönemine eklemeyi uygun gördük. Çünkü, Özal her ne kadar cumhurbaşkanlığı konumunda olsa bile, bazen yetkileri- ni de aşarak Türkiye’nin dış politikalarını yönlendirmeye çalışmış; bazen de başbakanlarla uyumlu olarak bu politikalara önemli kat- kılar sağlamıştır. 1983-1993 yıllarının Türkiye-Türk
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