Diplomasi Pertahanan Indonesia Melalui Lomba Tembak Di Australian Army Skill at Arms Meeting (Aasam)

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Diplomasi Pertahanan Indonesia Melalui Lomba Tembak Di Australian Army Skill at Arms Meeting (Aasam) DIPLOMASI PERTAHANAN INDONESIA MELALUI LOMBA TEMBAK DI AUSTRALIAN ARMY SKILL AT ARMS MEETING (AASAM) INDONESIA DEFENCE DIPLOMACY THROUGH SHOOTING COMPETITION AT AUSTRALIAN ARMY SKILL AT ARMS MEETING (AASAM) Faisal Azhar1, Syaiful Anwar2, Agus H.S. Reksoprodjo3 ([email protected]) Abstrak – Pentingnya diplomasi pertahanan saat ini membuat negara-negara didunia meningkatkan kegiatan diplomasi pertahanannya. Penelitian ini membahas mengenai diplomasi pertahanan Indonesia melalui Australian Army Skill at Arms Meeting (AASAM). AASAM dilihat dapat dijadikan sebagai media diplomasi pertahanan yang efektif, namun TNI belum memaksimalkannya. Penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Data didapatkan melalui praktik wawancara dengan sumber utama yaitu Kepala Staff Angkatan Darat periode 2011-2013 dan narasumber lainnya. Selain itu, data sekunder didapatkan dari hasil pencarian dari buku, jurnal, dokumen resmi, website resmi serta sumber-sumber lainnya yang dapat dipertanggung jawabkan. Hasil penelitian ini menjelaskan bahwa diplomasi pertahanan Indonesia melalui AASAM untuk menunjukkan profesionalisme TNI, membangun CBM’s dengan negara-negara peserta dan mempromosikan senjata buatan industri pertahanan dalam negeri. Kata Kunci: Diplomasi, Pertahanan, lomba Tembak, AASAM Abstract – The significant role of defense diplomacy brings countries of the world to increase their defense diplomacy activities. This research is about Indonesia defense diplomacy through Australian Army Skill at Arms Meeting (AASAM). AASAM can be used as an effective media of defense diplomacy however; the Indonesian National Army (TNI) has still not maximized it yet. This research analysis is conducted by using a qualitative approach. The data was obtained through interviews with the main source like the Chief of Army for 2011-2013 and also others sources. Moreover, the secondary data was obtained from books, journals, official documents and websites, and also not limiting to others sources that can be accounted for. The result of this research shows that TNI professionalism, establishes CBM’s with the participated countries in AASAM and promotes the artificial arms made by domestic defense industry. Key Words: Diplomacy, Defense, Shooting Competition, AASAM 1 Alumnus Pascasarjana Program Diplomasi Pertahanan Cohort 2, Fakultas Strategi Pertahanan, Universitas Pertahanan. 2 Co-Author 1: Mayor Jenderal TNI (Marinir) (Purn) Dr. Syaiful Anwar, M.Bus., M.A., merupakan Dosen Tetap Universitas Pertahanan sekaligus Pembimbing Pertama dalam penelitian. 3 Co-Author 2: Dr. Ir. Agus H.S. Reksoprodjo, DIC, merupakan Dosen Universitas Pertahanan untuk Prodi Peperangan Asimetris sekaligus Pembimbing Kedua dalam penelitian. Diplomasi Pertahanan Indonesia melalui Lomba Tembak di AASAM | Faisal Azhar | 49 Pendahuluan wilayah, serta segenap sumber daya awasan Asia Pasifik nasional yang dipersiapkan secara dini merupakan kawasan yang oleh pemerintah dan diselenggarakan sangat dinamis, cepat berubah secara total, terpadu, terarah, dan K 4 dan penuh ketidakpastian . Hal ini berlanjut sejak masa damai sampai masa berdampak bukan hanya pada dalam perang6. Sedangkan strategi pertahanan masalah ekonomi, melainkan juga dalam Indonesia itu sendiri disusun dengan masalah keamanan. Perkembangan memperhatikan tiga elemen dasar yaitu lingkungan strategis juga akan Membentuk, Merespon, dan berpengaruh terhadap bentuk ancaman, Menyiapkan7. Bila jelaskan, strategi resiko, dan peluang bagi kepentingan pertahanan yaitu strategi pertahanan nasional. Hal ini yang dijadikan yang mampu menciptakan lingkungan pertimbangan oleh negara-negara di keamanan nasional dan internasional kawasan khususnya Indonesia dalam yang dapat menjamin kepentingan pemilihan strategi pertahanan negara. nasional, merespon segala bentuk Pertahanan negara Indonesia diatur ancaman terhadap kepentingan nasional dalam Undang-Undang No.3 tahun 2002 dan mempersiapkan suatu pertahanan yang berbunyi yaitu Pertahanan Negara untuk menghadapi masa depan yang diselenggarakan oleh pemerintah secara tidak pasti untuk melindungi kepentingan dini melalui usaha membangun dan nasional. membina kekuatan pertahanan yang Indonesia selalu mendorong menghasilkan daya tangkal bangsa serta terciptanya perdamaian, keamanan, kemampuan mengatasi dan stabiltas, dan kesejahteraan dalam menanggulangi setiap ancaman dengan pergaulan dunia melalui politik luar negeri Sistem Pertahanan Negara dan Strategi yang bebas aktif disertai prinsip menjaga Pertahanan Negara5. kemurnian sebagai negara nonblok8. Oleh Sistem pertahanan negara karena itu, dalam penyelenggaraan Indonesia adalah bersifat semesta yang pertahanan negara, bangsa Indonesia melibatkan seluruh warga negara, 6 UU No.3 Tahun 2002, tentang Pertahanan 4 Buku Putih Pertahanan, 2015. Jakarta: Kemenhan Negara pasal 1 ayat 2. RI. 7 Buku Putih Pertahanan, 2015. Jakarta: Kemenhan 5 UU No.3 Tahun 2002, tentang Pertahanan RI. Negara pasal 1 ayat 1. 8 Ibid. 50 | Jurnal Prodi Diplomasi Pertahanan | Juni 2017 | Volume 3 Nomor 2 menjunjung tinggi asas demokrasi yang pertahanan menjadi hal yang penting mengutamakan kesetaraan dan dalam upaya mendukung diplomasi total. kebersamaan9. Hal tersebut dilakukan Menurut Kementrian Luar Negeri, dalam menyelesaikan suatu masalah diplomasi total merupakan salah satu melalui kesepakatan bersama, sebagai instrumen dan cara yang digunakan bagian dari diplomasi pertahanan, dengan dalam diplomasi dengan melibatkan berpedoman pada upaya untuk seluruh komponen stakeholder dan memperbesar persamaan dan memanfaatkan seluruh lini kekuatan memperkecil perbedaan dalam meredam (multi-track diplomacy)11. Sedangkan konflik. melalui Kementrian Pertahanannya, Diplomasi pertahanan saat ini Indonesia melihat diplomasi pertahanan menjadi bagian yang penting dalam sebagai salah satu kebijakan strategis hubungan strategis di kawasan. Hal ini yang dicantumkan dalam Buku Putih dapat dilihat dari negara-negara di Pertahanan. kawasan yang pada saat ini terus Didalam buku putih pertahanan memperkuat diplomasi pertahanan tahun 2014, diplomasi pertahanan mereka dengan negara-negara lain dalam Indonesia diarahkan untuk membangun berbagai bentuk aktifitas diplomasi sikap saling percaya dan saling pertahanan seperti melakukan kerjasama menghormati kemerdekaan dan pertahanan baik secara bilateral maupun kedaulatan masing-masing negara, serta multilateral. Seperti yang dikatakan oleh tidak saling mengintervensi urusan dalam Cotey dan Forster yaitu diplomasi negeri masing-masing12. Dan pada buku pertahanan adalah kerjasama disaat putih 2015 dijelaskan bahwa tujuan dari damai dengan menggunakan Angkatan diplomasi pertahanan Indonesia adalah Bersenjata dan lembaga lainnya sebagai mewujudkan kepentingan nasional sarana dalam kebijakan keamanan dan dibidang pertahanan yang akan luar negeri10 (Cottey & Forster, 2004). diefektifkan melalui langkah-langkah Indonesia yang melihat diplomasi konkret dan saling menguntungkan, dan membangun rasa saling percaya diantara 9 Loc. Cit. hlm.32 10 A. Cottey & A. Forster., Reshaping Defence 11 Kemlu, (2011), Diplomasi Indonesia 2010, Jakarta: Diplomacy: New Roles for Military Cooperation and Kementrian Luar Negeri Indonesia. Assistance, Adelphi Paper . Hlm. 74, (New York: 12 Buku Putih Pertahanan, 2014. Jakarta: Oxford University Press, 2004). Kemenhan RI. Diplomasi Pertahanan Indonesia melalui Lomba Tembak di AASAM | Faisal Azhar | 51 negara-negara dikawasan baik regional Kementrian Pertahanan atau Angkatan maupun global13. Bersenjata. 8). Penugasan tim latihan. 9). Banyak kegiatan diplomasi Penyediaan peralatan militer dan bantuan pertahanan yang dapat dilakukan oleh militer lainnya. 10). Latihan militer Indonesia untuk mencapai tujuan yang bersama baik bilateral maupun tertera dalam buku putih pertahanan 2015 multilateral15. Dalam penelitian ini, salah yaitu seperti bergabungnya Indonesia satu kegiatan yang dilakukan oleh dalam peace keeping operation di PBB, Indonesia untuk dapat mendukung dan mengikuti berbagai forum diskusi diplomasi pertahanan ialah dengan tingkat global, regional, dan bilateral yang menjadi salah satu negara peserta diajang membahas mengenai pertahanan serta perlombaan yang diselenggarakan oleh melakukan kegiatan-kegiatan lainnya negara Australia khususnya Angkatan yang sifatnya regional dan global14. Darat Australia yaitu Australian Army Skills Didalam bukunya Cottey dan Forster at Arms Meeting (AASAM). disebutkan terdapat 10 aktifitas dalam Sekilas mengenai AASAM adalah kategori diplomasi pertahanan yaitu, 1). merupakan lomba tembak tahunan yang Hubungan bilateral atau multilateral pertama kali diselenggarakan oleh antara perwira senior atau sipil dari Australia pada tahun 1984 untuk kementrian pertahanan. 2). Penempatan operasional angkatan darat Australia Atase Pertahanan. 3). Kerjasama dimana AASAM dimaksudkan untuk pertahanan secara bilateral. 4). Pelatihan mencari penembak terbaik agar dapat kepada perwira militer dan sipil dari diseleksi sebagai tim penembak Australia negara lain. 5). Pemberian keahlian dan yang akan mewakili negaranya didalam saran pada kontrol angakatan bersenjata kompetisi keterampilan bersenjata yang secara demokratis, manajemen artinya lomba tembak ini merupakan pertahanan dan bidang teknis militer. 6). lomba untuk kalangan pribadi dimana Pertukaran perwira dan kunjungan kapal pesertanya hanya dari tentara Australia perang. 7). Penempatan personil militer dan New Zealand16. Namun pada tahun atau sipil dinegera-negara mitra 15 A. Cottey & A. Forster. Loc.Cit, hlm. 7. 16 Army, (2016, 7 17). Australian Army
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