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Military Heritage from 20Th Century Military Heritage from 20th Century Militage.book.indd 1 20.04.2018 19:18 Published by ICOFORT Norway c/o Riksantikvaren Postboks 8196 Dep 0034 Oslo [email protected] Cover: The winner of the Militage photo competition Photo: Heikki Lahdenmäki Design Jiri Havran Printed by Oslo Digitaltrykk Supported by: Militage.book.indd 2 20.04.2018 19:18 Military Heritage from 20th Century Preservation, Reuse and Management September 4th – 7th, 2017, Northern Norway Roberta Luciani (editor) Icofort Norway 2018 Militage.book.indd 3 20.04.2018 19:18 CONTENTS Foreword............................................................................................................6 LUCIANI, Roberta The Preservation of Two Military Futuro Houses..............................................8 ANDERSSON, Ingela; Svärd, Karl-Martin Concrete at the Front - The Brugges Submarine Shelter (1917-1918)............14 BEEKERS, Willem; DE MEYER, Ronald Cold War Heritage in the Russian Federation.................................................20 DOBRONOVSKAYA, Marina Puerto Rico Coastal Defenses during 20th Century: WWII............................26 FLORES ROMÁN, Milagros From garbage to heritage? Two land defence lines in Arctic Norway: ............32 the Lyngen line (WW2) and the Frøy line (Cold war) HESJEDAL, Anders The cult of the Defensive? Cold-War Norwegian defense planning................40 HÅKENSTAD, Magnus Heritage Management of WWII ‘Conflict landscapes’ in PNG: Issues .............42 related to ephemeral landscapes and multiple stakeholders in a developing nation context KELLY, Matthew 20th century fortifications on the National Heritage List for Poland.................46 KLUPSZ, Lidia The German Coastal Defence Strategy in Norway...........................................58 KORSNES, Kjetil HDM, the Heritage Development Model by bunker........................................60 MEIJER. Gerko Architecture and Landscape: Recovery of Fortresses in Lessinia, Italy.............70 MENEGHELLI, Fiorenzo; MENEGHELLI, Andrea Formation of Scenic Place by way of Exploitation of Former .............................78 Military Exercise Field in Hokkaido MIYAKE, Riichi Traces in the landscape....................................................................................90 MORTENSEN, Hanne Langhoff 4 Militage.book.indd 4 20.04.2018 19:18 German Underground Defensive Positions at Southwest France.....................98 RUIZ, José Manuel Paneda Protecting the remains of war and hostility - recent discovery........................102 of an important past SANDMO, Anne-Karine Beyond the Bunker: Challenges and Confrontations in Cold War Heritage....106 SCHOFIELD, John Northern Security and Russia after the Cold War..........................................108 SPOHR, Kristina Exploring the unknown – Estonian military heritage of 20th century..............110 TREUFELDT, Robert The Values of Coastal Military Heritage in Kinmen and its Conservation.......116 TSENG, Yi-Jen; HUANG, Hsin-Ying; HSU, Sheng-Fa The cultural reuse of the military site of Zsambek, former Soviet .................130 Air Defence Battalion near Budapest, Hungary VARGA, István 5 Militage.book.indd 5 20.04.2018 19:18 Foreword Roberta LUCIANI Architect, The Norwegian Defense Estates Agency, Norway President ICOFORT Norway This publication presents the full pa- While our interests and areas of ex- pers submitted to the conference pertise were diverse, our collaboration “Militage 2017” organized by Ico- worked toward several objectives. The fort Norway from 4th–7th September Militage conference proposed: 2017. This occasion also marked the • to be a forum for current perspec- first time an Icofort international meet- tives and different approaches; ing took place in Norway. • to build awareness of the need to The title of the conference was “Mil- discuss the values, usage and safe- itary Heritage from the 20th Century guarding of 20th Century military - Preservation, reuse and manage- heritage in general; ment.” The conference was arranged • to strengthen the international net- as a combination of site visits and work; lecture sessions. With 53 partici- • to promote «good practice» ap- pants from four different continents proaches, including enhancing the and many countries including Aus- role of the local communities in tralia, Taiwan, Puerto Rico and sever- those processes; al European nations, the conference • and to show the Icofort interna- represented a broad cross section of tional committee a variety of installa- scholars and experts from around the tions and military landscapes which world. The conference changed ven- are significant in Norwegian history. ues, moving from the County Council in Tromsø, to the Frøy- and Lyngen The participants were invited to meet, defence lines in Storfjord, to Mauk- find inspiration and exchange expe- stadmoen camp in Skjold in Målselv, riences and knowledge about the to the Narvik War Museum, the Tron- topics of the conference and their denes fort and finally the Meløyvær discussions contributed to the ongo- fort in Harstad. ing international work and processes concerning the protection of military In addition to key-note speakers, heritage, with emphasis on the Sec- there were almost 20 participants who ond World War and the Cold War. The contributed with short presentations conference presented contemporary and papers. expertise on military heritage from 6 Militage.book.indd 6 20.04.2018 19:18 many countries, focusing on historical Flores Román, and the members of the values, as well as challenges in pro- scientific committee of Icofort Norway. tection, management and transforma- Moreover, I would like to thank all the tion. collaborators who made the confer- Despite big variations in history, ence possible: The Norwegian Army landscape and the types of military Brigade Nord, Troms County Council, sites, the issues are often the same. Nord-Troms Museum, Sør-Troms Mu- The conference provided new discus- seum, Narvik War Museum and Valhall sions on how we value military sites, in Meløyvær. i.e. those that concretize or stand for The conference was supported by painful memories or those that do not the Norwegian Ministry of Defence, fit into a general understanding of The Norwegian Defence Estates what cultural heritage is or should be. Agency, The Norwegian Directorate Remains of a for- Another discussion indicated that for Cultural Heritage, Giertsen Tun- mer POW’s barrack at Trondenes Fort in the challenges of transformation into nel AS, Jotun Group and ICOMOS Harstad, Norway new usage, which may or may not re- Norway. fer to the symbolic values of the for- mer military sites is also an issue dis- cussed in every country. Additionally, reinvestment projects that propose to fund site maintenance through profit from sustainable activities add new di- mensions to this discussion. Moreover, the conference addressed the interaction between stakeholders, local authorities and even private peo- ple in the management of military her- itage. Navigating these dynamics will be a continuing challenge in our field. On behalf of the Icofort Norway committee, I would like to thank our keynote speakers: archeologist John Schofield from the University of York, historian Kristina Spohr from London School of Economics, historian Mag- nus Håkenstad from The Norwegian Institute for Defence Studies, and all the authors who contributed with pa- pers and discussions during the con- ference. I would also like to thank the presi- dent of Icofort International, Milagros 7 Militage.book.indd 7 20.04.2018 19:18 The Preservation of two Military Futuro Houses Ingela ANDERSSON, Karl-Martin SVÄRD Architects, Swedish Fortifications Agency, Sweden Abstract Key words: Futuro-houses, Air force, In the beginning of the 1970ies, the Observation towers, Reuse Swedish Armed Forces bought three specially adapted Futuro-houses to Forgotten heritage use on top of observation towers at In 2014 a journalist raised a question training areas. Two of the three Fu- about preserving two observation turo-houses were used as observation towers as cultural heritage. The towers towers at the Noran training area in had been used for measuring impact the middle of Sweden. In 1998, the points at a former military training area was closed down and now one of area for air bombing at Noran train- the Futuro-houses is sold and the oth- ing area outside of Söderhamn. No er one transferred to the Swedish Air one within the Swedish Fortifications Force Museum. The third is still in use Agency or the Swedish Armed Forc- at another military airfield. The remov- es had thought much about the two A model of the Noran towers no longer in use. The towers target area at Söder- al of the Futuro-houses was the sec- hamn/F15 Air Force ond best way to make at least one of in question are two out of three Fu- Museum them publicly accessible at a museum. turo-houses bought by the Swedish Armed Forces in the beginning of the 1970ies specially adapted to military use. The Noran target area The Futuro-houses on Noran military training area were abandoned by the Swedish armed forces following the 2004 political decision to further de- crease the number of active training areas. This was done in retrospect of the end of the cold war and the de- creased need for airbases in Sweden. Noran had served as the principal target area for the pilots of the 15th airbase located in nearby Söderhamn. 8 Militage.book.indd 8 20.04.2018 19:18 The Futuro House The airbase was active on Noran from completely equipped with custom fur- 1945
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