DOCSLIB.ORG

6 a Moral Threat to Society? – the Jesuit Danger 1814–1961

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
6 a Moral Threat to Society? – the Jesuit Danger 1814–1961 6Amoral threattosociety? – the Jesuit danger 1814–1961 Afather and his “Jesuitism” From 1928 onwards,Heinrich Roos (1904–1977) was aJesuitfather in Copenha- gen. He was German-born, but had acquired Danishcitizenship. Ever since the Jesuits had been expelled from Bismarck’sGermanyinthe early1870s, Jesuit schools in Denmark had taught in both Germanand Danish. ManyGermans soughttoattend DanishJesuit schools, especiallyduringthe period whenthe or- der’sinstitutions werebanned in Germany.Roos taught at the school in Copen- hagen, in addition to holding aposition as philologist at the city’suniversity.¹ In February 1954,the Theological Association in Norwayapplied to the Min- istry of Justice on behalf of Roos for an exemption from the constitutional ban on Jesuits.They wanted him to visit the country to present alecture on the work and teachings of the Jesuits.² The issue of the exclusion of the Jesuits had been raised in connection with the government’sratification of the European Convention on Human Rights in 1951. Norwayhad expressed reservations about the clause on religious freedom because of the ban on Jesuits, which, at an international level, was problematic and controversial. In 1952, therefore, the government for- warded aproposal to repeal this last exclusionary provision from the Constitu- tion. It was in this context that Father Roos applied to come to Norway – but he was turned down. Giving his reasoning,Minister of Justice KaiBirgerKnudsen (1903–1977) in Oscar Torp’s(1893–1958) Labour Party government explained that it was not possibletogrant an exemption from such acategorical constitu- tional provision.³ However,the paragraph had lain dormant for along time, and anumber of Jesuits had previouslyvisited the country openly, includingRoos himself.⁴ The Theological Association explained thatonthis occasion they had applied for the exemption on the advice of lawprofessor Frede Castberg (1893–1977), an expert on constitutional lawand aNorwegian member of the Arbeiderbladet carried alengthier interview with Roos across two editions at the end of Jan- uary 1954: Arbeiderbladet,29January 1954 and 30 January 1954. Stortingsforhandlinger. Del 7b. Stortingstidende (1955), 2593 ff. [Records of the Proceedingsof the Norwegian Parliament(Storting). Part 7b. Parliamentary debate(1955)]. Arbeiderbladet,3March 1954. Dagbladet,11October 1955. Dagbladet,14October 1955. OpenAccess. ©2021 Frode Ulvund, published by De Gruyter. This work is licensed under the Creative CommonsAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110657760-008 Afather and his “Jesuitism” 209 Figure 6.1: The Jesuit father Heinrich Roostwice applied foradispensation from the Constitu- tion’sban on Jesuits in the 1950s. At first,hewas rejected (1954), but the following year he received an entry permit on the condition, among other things, that he would not promote “Jesuit teachings” during his stay.Roos found the conditions untenableand cancelled the visit. Arbeiderbladet (29 January 1954) published alengthy interview withRoosinconnection withhis first application. European Commission on HumanRights.⁵ Not surprisingly,the refusal caused a stir,and it ought not to be ruled out thatthe application was acontribution to the debate and intended to provokeprincipled assessments at government level. Afurther application wassenttothe government the following year.Now it was the association Catholic Forum in Oslo that wished to invite Father Roos, on this occasion to hold alecture on Søren Kierkegaardand Catholicism. The reply was drawnout,and amonth and ahalf after the application was receivedbythe government,the matter was taken up as an interpellation in the Storting. Minis- NordiskTidende,18April 1954. 210 6Amoral threat to society? – the Jesuit danger 1814 – 1961 ter of Justice Jens Kristian Hauge(1915–2006) responded thatthis time, Roos would be grantedanexemption. He justified the government’sdecision by the fact that the father would not be discussing Jesuits, but rather presentingasci- entific lecture in his capacity as Kierkegaard researcher.However,the minister continued, the precondition was thatthe lecture would not contain “propaganda in support of Jesuitism” and that Roos would leave the country as soon as pos- sible afterwards.⁶ In the official response to the Catholic Forum and Roos, it was stressed that there wastobeno“propagandising in favour of Jesuitism” and that Roos would alsohavetoreport to the police both upon arrival and prior to his departure from the country.⁷ These stipulations wereanaffront to Father Roos, and he cancelled his planned tour of Norwayinprotest.⁸ It is not known whether anyone otherthanRoos applied for an exemption from the Jesuitban as long as the provision was in effect.The first application in 1954 was rejected at that time because the topic of the lecture was Jesuits, and one condition for granting the application in 1955 was the refusal to “prop- agandise” for Jesuit teachings and “Jesuitism.” The Minister of Justice’suse of the term “Jesuitism” in the Stortinginthis context is what is most interesting here. Forone thing,itindicateshis under- standing and that of the government thatthe Jesuitorder represented aseparate ism,aparticularideologyordoctrine that distinguished it from Catholicism more generally. Not onlydid the government reason thatthe Jesuits held adistinctive position within Catholicism, but alsothat their actions and activities wereprod- ucts of this (Jesuit)ism. Second, the concept washeavilyvalue-laden and had aprofoundlyderoga- tory and disdainful meaning, both for Catholics and Protestants. The usageofthe term therefore suggests thatcentral political authorities, even after the mid- 1900s, acknowledgedoratleast legitimised anegative imageof“Jesuitism” and had an understanding thatitwas atype of ism thatwas unwelcome. This naturallyraises the question of which understanding of “Jesuitism” was implied in the 1950s and in the period prior,leadingtothe Jesuits being banned and ex- cluded for periods of time from anumber of states,both Protestant and Catholic. Stortingsforhandlinger. Del 7b. Stortingstidende (1955),2594. [Recordsofthe Proceedings of the Norwegian Parliament(Storting). Part 7b. Parliamentary debate(1955)]. Arbeiderbladet,2November 1955. NordiskTidende,24November 1955. The soldiersofthe papistic Counter-Reformation 211 The soldiersofthe papistic Counter-Reformation The Jesuit order – or Societas Jesu,asitisformallyknown – was foundedbythe BasqueIgnatius Loyola (1491– 1556) in 1534.Six years later,the order was grant- ed the endorsement of Pope Paul III (1468–1549). It differed from the established monastic orders,such as the Dominicans and Franciscans, in that it wasnot as- sociated with anymonastery,nor was it subordinate to local bishops. Instead the Jesuits weredirectlysubservienttothe pope and weretobemade available to him and used wherever he sawfit.Inparticular, they weretobeassigned mis- sionary work and teachingduties,and within arelatively short time they became aglobal organisation with operations spanning from the FarEast to the Ameri- cas. The order accumulated opponents at an earlystage, both within the Catholic Church and in Protestant countries.⁹ In Protestant regions they wereaccused of aggressive activity in support of Catholicism and not least of being agents in the service of the Counter-Reformation. Loyola himself helped establish an imageof the Jesuits as an organisation of an almostmilitary nature. There wasanabso- luterequirement for hierarchical subordination, expressed by wayofperindeac cadaver – to obey loyallyinthemannerofacorpse. This “cadaverobedience” was also coupled to the pope by the order’srequirement of obedience to him.¹⁰ In the Scandinavian context,the Jesuit Lauritz Nielsen (1538–1622), referred to as “Kloster-Lasse” (Convent-Lasse), is especiallywellknown as an active force for Catholicism in the Nordic missionary field from the 1570s onwards.¹¹ He worked partlyundercover and helped to maintain certain underground Catholic operations in the Nordic countries.There was agrowingsuspicion and stigma- tising of Jesuits in this period, and Denmark-Norwaywas no exception. From the beginning of the 17th century, not onlyactive Jesuits,but also all those who wereassociated with and suspected of being Jesuits in disguise,wereper- ceivedasproblematic. In 1604,itwas thereforeprohibitedtoemploy anyone Foraconcise historical account of the Jesuits,see John W. O’Malley, TheJesuits:AHistoryfrom Ignatius to the Present (Lanham, MD:Rowman &Littlefield, 2014). Foramorecomprehensive account,see Christopher Hollis, AHistoryofthe Jesuits (London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1968). Róisín Healy, TheJesuit Specter in Imperial Germany. Studies in Central European Histories no. 28 (Boston-Leiden: Brill, 2003): 25. See Oskar Garstein, Rome and the Counter-Reformation in Scandinavia,vol. 1(1539–1583) (Oslo: Universitetsforlaget, 1963), 40ff. and OskarGarstein, Klosterlasse: stormfuglensom ville gjenerobreNorden for katolisismen (Oslo:Thorleif Dahls kulturbibliotek, 1998). 212 6Amoral threat to society? – the Jesuit danger 1814 – 1961 in Danish-Norwegian churches or schools who had studied at aJesuit education- al institution abroad. Norwegian-born Kort Aslakssøn (1564–1624) was aprofessor of theologyat the UniversityofCopenhagen from 1607. In 1622 he published the church history Theologiske oc Historiske Beskriffuelse Om den Reformerede Religion, VedD.Mar- tin Luther [Theological and Historical Description of the Reformed Religion, By
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Elever Ved Kristiania Katedralskole Som Begynte På Skolen I Årene (Hefte 7)
    1 Elever ved Kristiania katedralskole som begynte på skolen i årene (hefte 7). 1881 – 1890 Anders Langangen Oslo 2020 2 © Anders Langangen Hallagerbakken 82 b, 1256 Oslo (dette er hefte nr. 7 med registrering av elever ved Schola Osloensis). 1. Studenter fra Christiania katedralskole og noen elever som ikke fullførte skolen- 1611-1690. I samarbeid med Einar Aas og Gunnar Birkeland. Oslo 2018 2. Elever ved Christiania katedralskole og privat dimitterte elever fra Christiania 1691-1799. I samarbeid med Einar Aas & Gunnar Birkeland. Oslo 2017. 3. Studenter og elever ved Christiania katedralskole som har begynt på skolen i årene 1800 – 1822. Oslo 2018. 4. Studenter og elever ved Christiania katedralskole som begynte på skolen i årene 1823-1847. Oslo 2019. 5. Studenter og elever ved Christiania katedralskole som begynte på skolen i årene 1847-1870. Oslo 2019 6. Elever ved Kristiania katedralskole som begynte på skolen i årene 1871 – 1880. Oslo 2019. I dette syvende heftet følger rekkefølgen av elvene elevprotokollene. Det vi si at de er ordnet etter året de begynte på skolen på samme måte som i hefte 6. For hver elev er det opplysninger om fødselsår og fødselssted, foreldre og tidspunkt for start på skolen (disse opplysningene er i elevprotokollene). Dåpsopplysninger er ikke registrert her, hvis ikke spesielle omstendigheter har gjort det ønskelig (f.eks. hvis foreldre ikke er kjent eller uklart). I tillegg har jeg med videre utdannelse der hvor det vites. Også kort om karriere (bare hovedtrekk) etter skolen og når de døde. Både skolestipendiene og de private stipendiene er registrert, dessuten den delen av skolestipendiet som ble opplagt til senere utbetaling og om de ble utbetalt eller ikke.
    [Show full text]
  • This Electronic Thesis Or Dissertation Has Been Downloaded from Explore Bristol Research
    This electronic thesis or dissertation has been downloaded from Explore Bristol Research, http://research-information.bristol.ac.uk Author: Jenkins, Clare Helen Elizabeth Title: Jansenism as literature : a study into the influence of Augustinian theology on seventeenth-century French literature General rights Access to the thesis is subject to the Creative Commons Attribution - NonCommercial-No Derivatives 4.0 International Public License. A copy of this may be found at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode This license sets out your rights and the restrictions that apply to your access to the thesis so it is important you read this before proceeding. Take down policy Some pages of this thesis may have been removed for copyright restrictions prior to having it been deposited in Explore Bristol Research. However, if you have discovered material within the thesis that you consider to be unlawful e.g. breaches of copyright (either yours or that of a third party) or any other law, including but not limited to those relating to patent, trademark, confidentiality, data protection, obscenity, defamation, libel, then please contact [email protected] and include the following information in your message: •Your contact details •Bibliographic details for the item, including a URL •An outline nature of the complaint Your claim will be investigated and, where appropriate, the item in question will be removed from public view as soon as possible. Jansenism as Literature: A Study into the Influence of Augustinian Theology on Seventeenth-Century French Literature Clare Helen Elizabeth Jenkins A Dissertation submitted to the University of Bristol in accordance with the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Faculty of Arts.
    [Show full text]
  • Nineteenth-Century French Challenges to the Liberal Image of Russia
    Ezequiel Adamovsky Russia as a Space of Hope: Nineteenth-century French Challenges to the Liberal Image of Russia Introduction Beginning with Montesquieu’s De l’esprit des lois, a particular perception of Russia emerged in France. To the traditional nega- tive image of Russia as a space of brutality and backwardness, Montesquieu now added a new insight into her ‘sociological’ otherness. In De l’esprit des lois Russia was characterized as a space marked by an absence. The missing element in Russian society was the independent intermediate corps that in other parts of Europe were the guardians of freedom. Thus, Russia’s back- wardness was explained by the lack of the very element that made Western Europe’s superiority. A similar conceptual frame was to become predominant in the French liberal tradition’s perception of Russia. After the disillusion in the progressive role of enlight- ened despotism — one must remember here Voltaire and the myth of Peter the Great and Catherine II — the French liberals went back to ‘sociological’ explanations of Russia’s backward- ness. However, for later liberals such as Diderot, Volney, Mably, Levesque or Louis-Philippe de Ségur the missing element was not so much the intermediate corps as the ‘third estate’.1 In the turn of liberalism from noble to bourgeois, the third estate — and later the ‘middle class’ — was thought to be the ‘yeast of freedom’ and the origin of progress and civilization. In the nineteenth century this liberal-bourgeois dichotomy of barbarian Russia (lacking a middle class) vs civilized Western Europe (the home of the middle class) became hegemonic in the mental map of French thought.2 European History Quarterly Copyright © 2003 SAGE Publications, London, Thousand Oaks, CA and New Delhi, Vol.
    [Show full text]
  • LIVRES ET BIBLIOPHILIE Jeudi 26 & VENDREDI 27 Octobre 2017 VENTE AUX ENCHÈRES PUBLIQUES
    LIVRES ET BIBLIOPHILIE JEUDI 26 & VENDREDI 27 OCtobre 2017 VENTE AUX ENCHÈRES PUBLIQUES Provenances : 1ère Vente Jeudi 26 octobre à 10h00 et 14h30 Bibliothèque Janséniste du Professeur Jean Mesnard (1921-2016). 2ème Vente Vendredi 27 octobre à 10h00 et 14h30 Bibliothèque d'un château en Armagnac. Diverses successions et collections de Bordeaux et d'Aquitaine. Lot 951 Photo de couverture lot 705 3 HÔTEL DES VENTES BORDEAUX SAINTE - CROIX 12-14, rue Peyronnet - 33800 Bordeaux S.A.S. BRISCADIEU BORDEAUX (Agrément 2002 304) ContaCT Photos SUPPLÉMentaires EXPERT DE LA VENTE T : 33 (0)5 56 31 32 33 www.briscadieu-bordeaux.com M. Michel CONVERT F : 33 (0)5 56 31 32 00 www.interencheres.com 06 30 36 96 13 M : [email protected] www.auction.fr [email protected] assisté de Jean Luc BOISSEAU RENSEIGNEMents partiCIPER À LA VENTE EN LIVE pour la bibliothèque du Professeur Mesnard. Antoine Briscadieu www.interencheres-live.com Thomas Nicolet ORDRES D'ACHAT ET TÉLÉPHONES Exposition DE LA VENTE Anne Courtois Briscadieu Mercredi 25 octobre : [email protected] de 10h à 12h00 et de 14h30 à 19h00 SOMMAIRE 1ère Vente : 2ème Vente : Jeudi 26 octobre à 10h et 14h30 Vendredi 27 octobre à 10h et 14h30 Une trentaine de lots intégrés tardivement dans la vente figureront en Bis de numéros mais ne figurent pas dans le catalogue. L'ensemble du catalogue (avec les bis) est consultable sur le site interencheres (ou interencheres Live). Détail lot 945 4 5 1ère VENTE : JEUDI 26 OCtobre 2017 À 10H & 14H30 6 - AMELOT DE LA HOUSSAYE (Abraham-Nicolas) ANCIENS Histoire du gouvernement de Venise.
    [Show full text]
  • GERMAN IMMIGRANTS, AFRICAN AMERICANS, and the RECONSTRUCTION of CITIZENSHIP, 1865-1877 DISSERTATION Presented In
    NEW CITIZENS: GERMAN IMMIGRANTS, AFRICAN AMERICANS, AND THE RECONSTRUCTION OF CITIZENSHIP, 1865-1877 DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Alison Clark Efford, M.A. * * * * * The Ohio State University 2008 Doctoral Examination Committee: Professor John L. Brooke, Adviser Approved by Professor Mitchell Snay ____________________________ Adviser Professor Michael L. Benedict Department of History Graduate Program Professor Kevin Boyle ABSTRACT This work explores how German immigrants influenced the reshaping of American citizenship following the Civil War and emancipation. It takes a new approach to old questions: How did African American men achieve citizenship rights under the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments? Why were those rights only inconsistently protected for over a century? German Americans had a distinctive effect on the outcome of Reconstruction because they contributed a significant number of votes to the ruling Republican Party, they remained sensitive to European events, and most of all, they were acutely conscious of their own status as new American citizens. Drawing on the rich yet largely untapped supply of German-language periodicals and correspondence in Missouri, Ohio, and Washington, D.C., I recover the debate over citizenship within the German-American public sphere and evaluate its national ramifications. Partisan, religious, and class differences colored how immigrants approached African American rights. Yet for all the divisions among German Americans, their collective response to the Revolutions of 1848 and the Franco-Prussian War and German unification in 1870 and 1871 left its mark on the opportunities and disappointments of Reconstruction.
    [Show full text]
  • Confronting Antisemitism in Modern Media, the Legal and Political Worlds an End to Antisemitism!
    Confronting Antisemitism in Modern Media, the Legal and Political Worlds An End to Antisemitism! Edited by Armin Lange, Kerstin Mayerhofer, Dina Porat, and Lawrence H. Schiffman Volume 5 Confronting Antisemitism in Modern Media, the Legal and Political Worlds Edited by Armin Lange, Kerstin Mayerhofer, Dina Porat, and Lawrence H. Schiffman ISBN 978-3-11-058243-7 e-ISBN (PDF) 978-3-11-067196-4 e-ISBN (EPUB) 978-3-11-067203-9 DOI https://10.1515/9783110671964 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. For details go to https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ Library of Congress Control Number: 2021931477 Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available on the Internet at http://dnb.dnb.de. © 2021 Armin Lange, Kerstin Mayerhofer, Dina Porat, Lawrence H. Schiffman, published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston The book is published with open access at www.degruyter.com Cover image: Illustration by Tayler Culligan (https://dribbble.com/taylerculligan). With friendly permission of Chicago Booth Review. Printing and binding: CPI books GmbH, Leck www.degruyter.com TableofContents Preface and Acknowledgements IX LisaJacobs, Armin Lange, and Kerstin Mayerhofer Confronting Antisemitism in Modern Media, the Legal and Political Worlds: Introduction 1 Confronting Antisemitism through Critical Reflection/Approaches
    [Show full text]
  • Branschöversikten 2013
    BRANSCHÖVERSIKTEN DECEMBER 2013 Arkitekt-, teknikkonsult- och industrikonsultföretagen Svensk, nordisk och internationell kartläggning I SAMARBETE MED Foreningen af Rådgivende Felag rádgjafarverkfrædinga Ingeniører Suunnittelu- ja Konsulttitoimistojen Liitto RÅDGIVENDERådgivende INGENIØRERS FORENING Ingeniørers Forening Branschöversikten • Svenska Teknik&Designföretagen • dec 2013 1 2 Branschöversikten • Svenska Teknik&Designföretagen • dec 2013 Innehåll Förord 5 DEN SVENSKA DEN NORDISKA DEN INTERNATIONELLA MARKNADEN 6 MARKNADEN 25 MARKNADEN 47 Återhämtningen inleder i låg växel 6 Nordisk jämförelse av nyckeltal 26 Internationell utveckling 48 Sektorns utveckling 2012 Nordens 100 största Världens 10 största koncerner 48 och 2013 8 arkitektgrupper 27 Börsnoterade konsultföretag Svenska strukturaffärer 13 FRI – Danska marknaden 29 – en jämförelse 49 Nyckeltal för de största Danmarks 100 största koncerner 32 Europas 50 största arkitektgrupper 50 svenska konsultföretagen 14 RIF – Norska marknaden 34 Europas 300 största koncerner 51 De 50 största arkitektgrupperna 16 Norges 100 största koncerner 38 De 50 största grupperna inom FRV – Isländska marknaden 40 industriteknik 17 Islands 16 största koncerner 42 De 30 största koncernerna i Sverige 18 SKOL – Finska marknaden 43 Sveriges 300 största koncerner 19 Finlands 100 största koncerner 45 Omslagsbild Bilden på omslaget visar entrén på shoppingcentret Emporia i Malmö, som öppnade i oktober 2012. Shoppingcentret är ritat av Wingårdh Arkitekter och har över 200 butiker, restauranger Form: Frankfeldt Grafisk Form AB och caféer i tre plan på en yta av 93 000 kvm. Tryck: Ineko Stockholm 2013 Bilden är tagen av Leif Johansson. X-Ray foto i Malmö. Branschöversikten • Svenska Teknik&Designföretagen • dec 2013 3 Om Branschöversikten Branschöversikten har publicerats av Svenska Teknik&Designföretagen sedan 1995. Branschöversikten är en sammanställning över arkitekt-, teknikkonsult- och industrikonsultbranschen i Sverige, Norden och Europa.
    [Show full text]
  • Conspiracy Theories on the Murder of Pim Fortuyn Buuren, Jelle Van
    www.ssoar.info Holland's own Kennedy Affair: conspiracy theories on the murder of Pim Fortuyn Buuren, Jelle van Veröffentlichungsversion / Published Version Zeitschriftenartikel / journal article Zur Verfügung gestellt in Kooperation mit / provided in cooperation with: GESIS - Leibniz-Institut für Sozialwissenschaften Empfohlene Zitierung / Suggested Citation: Buuren, J. v. (2013). Holland's own Kennedy Affair: conspiracy theories on the murder of Pim Fortuyn. Historical Social Research, 38(1), 257-285. https://doi.org/10.12759/hsr.38.2013.1.257-285 Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Dieser Text wird unter einer CC BY Lizenz (Namensnennung) zur This document is made available under a CC BY Licence Verfügung gestellt. Nähere Auskünfte zu den CC-Lizenzen finden (Attribution). For more Information see: Sie hier: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.de Diese Version ist zitierbar unter / This version is citable under: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-387702 Holland’s Own Kennedy Affair. Conspiracy Theories on the Murder of Pim Fortuyn ∗ Jelle van Buuren Abstract: »Hollands Kennedy-Affäre. Verschwörungstheorien über den Mord an Pim Fortuyn«. In this article we will analyze the functioning of conspiracy dispositives from the bottom up and the nexus between conspiracy dispositives and security dispositives in the context of the political rise of right-wing popu- list Pim Fortuyn and the various conspiracy theories that arose after his murder and the effects these conspiracy theories had on Dutch politics and society. These counter-conspiracy theories revolved mainly around the suggestion that the political establishment was responsible for the murder or at least had turned a blind eye to it.
    [Show full text]
  • Edvard Grieg: Between Two Worlds Edvard Grieg: Between Two Worlds
    EDVARD GRIEG: BETWEEN TWO WORLDS EDVARD GRIEG: BETWEEN TWO WORLDS By REBEKAH JORDAN A Thesis Submitted to the School of Graduate Studies in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts McMaster University © Copyright by Rebekah Jordan, April, 2003 MASTER OF ARTS (2003) 1vIc1vlaster University (1vIllSic <=riticisIll) HaIllilton, Ontario Title: Edvard Grieg: Between Two Worlds Author: Rebekah Jordan, B. 1vIus (EastIllan School of 1vIllSic) Sllpervisor: Dr. Hllgh Hartwell NUIllber of pages: v, 129 11 ABSTRACT Although Edvard Grieg is recognized primarily as a nationalist composer among a plethora of other nationalist composers, he is much more than that. While the inspiration for much of his music rests in the hills and fjords, the folk tales and legends, and the pastoral settings of his native Norway and his melodic lines and unique harmonies bring to the mind of the listener pictures of that land, to restrict Grieg's music to the realm of nationalism requires one to ignore its international character. In tracing the various transitions in the development of Grieg's compositional style, one can discern the influences of his early training in Bergen, his four years at the Leipzig Conservatory, and his friendship with Norwegian nationalists - all intricately blended with his own harmonic inventiveness -- to produce music which is uniquely Griegian. Though his music and his performances were received with acclaim in the major concert venues of Europe, Grieg continued to pursue international recognition to repudiate the criticism that he was only a composer of Norwegian music. In conclusion, this thesis demonstrates that the international influence of this so-called Norwegian maestro had a profound influence on many other composers and was instrumental in the development of Impressionist harmonies.
    [Show full text]
  • "Fordelingen Av Ministerposter I Norske Koalisjonsregjeringer"
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives "Fordelingen av ministerposter i norske koalisjonsregjeringer" Sølvi Engebretsen Hovedoppgave i statsvitenskap Universitetet i Oslo 1 2 1.0. INNLEDNING 1.1. Tema og problemstilling Tema for oppgaven er fordelingen av ministerposter i koalisjonsregjeringer, og motivene som ligger bak disse fordelingene. Problemstillingen knytter seg til hvorvidt regjeringsmakt søkes for maktens egen skyld eller ut fra ønsket om å påvirke politikk i bestemte retninger - m.a.o. om partiene er maktsøkende eller policysøkende. Hvilke motiver som ligger til grunn for partiers atferd har nettopp vært det sentrale spørsmål innen koalisjonsteori. Spørsmålet er variasjoner over et gammelt tema innen statsvitenskap. For Aristoteles var politikk dels et mål i seg selv, men også en form for handling som, i likhet med etikk, bygget på kunnskap om hva som er til gode for fellesskapet. Mot dette synet står den realpolitiske retningen, blant klassikerne først og fremst representert ved Machiavelli. Her er politikk ensbetydende med kamp om posisjoner. Målet er å oppnå og beholde politisk makt - ikke “det gode liv” som hos Aristoteles. I nyere tids statsvitenskap har nok det realpolitiske synet på politikk hatt stor inn- flytelse. Rune Slagstad (1987) skriver om “realismens triumf i moderne retts- og stats- vitenskap”. Studiet av koalisjonsdannelser er intet unntak i så måte. Lenge forutsatte man at partienes motiver var ønsket om regjeringsmakt. Selv de som etterhvert har lagt vekt på forfølgelse av politiske mål som sentralt for partiers atferd, har typisk under- ordnet dette motivet i forhold til maktsøking (Budge og Laver 1986).
    [Show full text]
  • Porvoo Prayer Diary 2021
    PORVOO PRAYER DIARY 2021 The Porvoo Declaration commits the churches which have signed it ‘to share a common life’ and ‘to pray for and with one another’. An important way of doing this is to pray through the year for the Porvoo churches and their Dioceses. The Prayer Diary is a list of Porvoo Communion Dioceses or churches covering each Sunday of the year, mindful of the many calls upon compilers of intercessions, and the environmental and production costs of printing a more elaborate list. Those using the calendar are invited to choose one day each week on which they will pray for the Porvoo churches. It is hoped that individuals and parishes, cathedrals and religious orders will make use of the Calendar in their own cycle of prayer week by week. In addition to the churches which have approved the Porvoo Declaration, we continue to pray for churches with observer status. Observers attend all the meetings held under the Agreement. The Calendar may be freely copied or emailed for wider circulation. The Prayer Diary is updated once a year. For corrections and updates, please contact Ecumenical Officer, Maria Bergstrand, Ms., Stockholm Diocese, Church of Sweden, E-mail: [email protected] JANUARY 3/1 Church of England: Diocese of London, Bishop Sarah Mullally, Bishop Graham Tomlin, Bishop Pete Broadbent, Bishop Rob Wickham, Bishop Jonathan Baker, Bishop Ric Thorpe, Bishop Joanne Grenfell. Church of Norway: Diocese of Nidaros/ New see and Trondheim, Presiding Bishop Olav Fykse Tveit, Bishop Herborg Oline Finnset 10/1 Evangelical Lutheran Church in Finland: Diocese of Oulu, Bishop Jukka Keskitalo Church of Norway: Diocese of Sør-Hålogaland (Bodø), Bishop Ann-Helen Fjeldstad Jusnes Church of England: Diocese of Coventry, Bishop Christopher Cocksworth, Bishop John Stroyan.
    [Show full text]
  • Marta Steinsvik
    MARTA STEINSVIK A Feminist Pioneer in the Church of Norway LILLIAN ROSA CORREA Supervisor Professor Gunnar Harald Heiene This Master’s Thesis is submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the MA degree at MF Norwegian School of Theology, Spring, 2017 AVH5035: Master’s Thesis (60 ECTS) Master in Religion, Society and Global Issues 31 082 words Abstract This thesis examines the work of Norwegian feminist, author, scholar, and lecturer, Marta Steinsvik (1876-1950). In a controversial career, Steinsvik achieved notoriety for her theological views and contributions with regards to a woman’s role in the church. In detailing Steinsvik’s activities, largely from her personal archival sources, this thesis suggests that Marta Steinsvik, the first woman to preach in a Christian church in Norway, played a vital role in paving the way for women to enter the priesthood. This project aims to revisit the story of a woman whose contributions to the debate surrounding women in the priesthood have been too sparsely researched, and do not adequately portray the multiple ways she influenced her society. Thus, an important part of this research elucidates her contributions to the debate regarding the role of women as priests. Despite her insatiable hunger for knowledge and her attempts at diverse careers such as medicine, theology, and Egyptology, Steinsvik never completed any of these studies. This point serves to corroborate her contribution even more when considering the importance society places on product vs process. It adds more credibility to the stimulus of her contributions, and, thus, situates her in a unique position of influence.
    [Show full text]