Die Hymenopteren Einer Wiese Auf Kalkgestein: Ökologische Muster Einer Lokalen Tiergemeinschaft

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Die Hymenopteren Einer Wiese Auf Kalkgestein: Ökologische Muster Einer Lokalen Tiergemeinschaft 1 Die Hymenopteren einer Wiese auf Kalkgestein: Ökologische Muster einer lokalen Tiergemeinschaft von Werner Ulrich Nicolaus Copernicus Universität Toruń Toruń 2005 2 I Inhalt 1. Einleitung......................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Das Untersuchungsgebiet......................................................................... 5 1.2 Die Erfassungsmethoden.......................................................................... 7 1.3 Zur systematischen Einteilung der Hautflügler.......................................... 9 1.4 Zur Berechnung der Biomasse................................................................ 14 1.5 Eine ökologische Klassifizierung der Hautflügler..................................... 15 2. Ein paar Rohdaten ........................................................................................ 17 2.1 Die Zahl der nachgewiesenen Arten ....................................................... 17 2.2 Wie viele Hautflüglerarten gibt es auf der untersuchten Wiese?............. 19 2.3 Die Zahl der Hautflüglerarten auf der untersuchten Wiese im Verhältnis zum regionalen Artenpool.................................................. 27 2.4 Artenzahlen pro Gattung ......................................................................... 33 2.5 Zur regionalen Verbreitung der Arten...................................................... 37 2.6 Häufigkeit und Seltenheit ........................................................................ 43 2.6.1 Schlupfdichten und Biomassen der Parasitoide ............................. 43 2.6.2 Das Rätsel der Einzeltiere.............................................................. 50 3. Zur Phänologie der Hautflügler des Drakenberges ....................................... 56 3.1 Zur Klassifizierung der Phänologietypen................................................. 56 3.2 Das jahreszeitliche Erscheinen der Arten ............................................... 63 4. Morphologie und Ökologie............................................................................. 67 4.1 Zur Flugfähigkeit ..................................................................................... 67 4.2 Kompakter oder graziler Körperbau? ...................................................... 74 4.3 Ein Wort zur Länge des Legebohrers...................................................... 78 4.4 Lässt sich die Biologie durch die Morphologie vorhersagen? ................. 80 5. Strukturen der Gemeinschaften..................................................................... 81 5.1 Einige allgemeine Bemerkungen............................................................. 81 II 5.2 Die Aggregation.......................................................................................87 5.3 Dominanz - Rangordnungen....................................................................89 5.4 Dominanz - Rangordnungen auf der Basis von Biomassen ....................95 6. Krautschicht und Boden als Lebensräume der Parasitoide ...........................97 6.1 Ein Überblick ...........................................................................................97 6.2 Schlupfdichten und Biomassen .............................................................101 7. Körpergrößenabhängige ökologische Verteilungen .....................................103 7.1 Metabolismus und Ökologie ..................................................................103 7.2 Schlupfdichte und Körpergewicht ..........................................................105 7.3 Energieäquivalenz? ...............................................................................113 7.4 Generationszeit und Körpergröße .........................................................118 7.5 Artenzahl und Metabolismus .................................................................119 8. Evolutive Aspekte der Körpergröße .............................................................121 8.1. Zur Einführung......................................................................................121 8.2 Arten - Gewichtsverteilungen.................................................................124 8.3 Zur Konstanz des Gewichts innerhalb eines Taxons.............................130 8.4 Gleichmäßige oder zufällige Gewichtsverteilungen? .............................134 9. Biomasse und Diversität ..............................................................................140 9.1 Einige theoretische Überlegungen.........................................................140 9.2 Biomasse und Diversität auf dem Drakenberg ......................................145 10. Epilog.........................................................................................................148 11. Literatur......................................................................................................152 Anhang A.........................................................................................................171 Anhang B.........................................................................................................184 Anhang C.........................................................................................................196 Anhang D.........................................................................................................199 Anhang E.........................................................................................................200 1 1. Einleitung Die Hymenopteren sind mit über und Bolton 1988, Godfray 1993, Haw- 100000 beschriebenen und 1 bis 5 Milli- kins 1993, LaSalle und Gauld 1993, onen geschätzten Arten weltweit nach Quicke 1997, Hochberg 2000, Ulrich den Coleopteren die größte Insekten- 2001a, Melik und Thuróczy 2002). Viel ordnung. Gleichzeitig ist die Ordnung Theorie über Parasitoid - Wirtsverhält- auch in biologischer Hinsicht äußerst nisse monophager Parasitoide, Be- divers. Die ganz überwiegende Zahl der schreibungen von Gemeinschaften soli- Arten der klassischen Unterordnung tärer Wespen und Bienen, Nahrungs- Symphyta (der Blattwespen) aber auch netze bei ausgewählten Pflanzen, bei viele Arten der beiden anderen Unter- Minen und Gallen sowie Soziobiologie. ordnungen Parasitica und Aculeata (der Wenig dagegen über Gemeinschafts- Stechimmen) sind phytophag. Die meis- strukturen, die über die Bearbeitung ten Parasitica Arten dagegen leben als einzelner Gattungen oder Familien hi- Parasitoide. Am vielfältigsten sind die nausgehen, wenig über die derzeit so Aculeata, wo es bekanntermaßen ne- aktuellen diversen makroökologischen ben ursprünglicheren parasitoiden Arten Verteilungen und auch wenig verglei- alle Stufen hin zu räuberischen, phyto- chende Untersuchen zur Ökologie und oder polyphagen nestbauenden und eu- Bedeutung der Parasitoide insgesamt sozialen Arten gibt. (Ulrich 2001a). Diesem Artenumfang und der bio- Dieses etwas einseitige Wissen logischen Mannigfaltigkeit entspricht liegt nur zum Teil an den taxonomi- auch die Zahl der wissenschaftlichen schen Schwierigkeiten, die die Gruppe und populären Arbeiten, die jedes Jahr bietet. Die meisten Gattungen und Fa- neu erscheinen. Daher überrascht es, milien sind in den letzten 30 Jahren re- wie wenig über die Biologie der meisten vidiert worden, so dass eine Analyse Arten und die Artenzusammensetzung auf Artniveau erheblich erleichtert wur- verschiedener Lebensräume bekannt de. Vor allem sollte man hervorheben, ist. Es genügt, einen Blick in neuere dass für die meisten ökologischen Ana- Handbücher über Hautflügler zu werfen lysen eine genaue Artdetermination (Waage and Greathead 1986, Gauld nicht notwendig ist. Wichtig ist jedoch 2 eine Artabgrenzung, die die Schätzung einige Arbeiten, dass man komplette der tatsächlichen Diversität und der mit Parasitoidkomplexe ganzer Habitate auf ihr verbundenen ökologischen Vertei- Artniveau bearbeiten kann (Thiede lungen ermöglicht. Dies ist für die meis- 1975, 1977, Hilpert 1989, Ulrich 1999a, ten Gattungen möglich, auch die der b, 2001a). Unterordnung Parasitica. Ausnahmen Ein anderer und vielleicht sogar sind weiterhin einige Ichneumoniden- wichtigerer Grund für die geringen ma- gattungen und vielleicht die meist winzi- kroökologischen Kenntnisse ist die all- gen Ceraphroniden. Trotzdem zeigen gemeine Beschränkung der meisten Tabelle 1.1: Einige der wichtigeren Arbeiten über Artenzahlen und Siedlungsdichten parasitoider Hymenopteren in offenen Habitaten der gemäßigten Breiten. Untersuchungs- Genauig- Autor Methode Habitat umfang keit Westküste Schleswig Hol- nicht quali- Abraham (1969) Gelbschalen Pteromalidae stein tativ Handfänge, Eklekto- nicht quali- Aitchison (1979) Kanadische Felder Hymenoptera ren tativ Horstmann Westküste Schleswig Hol- nicht quali- Gelbschalen Ichneumonidae (1970, 1985) stein tativ Horstmann nicht quali- Gelbschalen Nordseeinseln Ichneumonidae (1988) tativ Janzen und Pond Englische Wald- und Rude- Streifnetz Hymenoptera qualitativ (1975) ralwiese Streifnetze, Exhaus- nicht quali- Klug (1965) verschiedene Biotope Hymenoptera tor tativ Westküste Schleswig Hol- nicht quali- König (1969) Gelbschalen Braconidae stein tativ Kruess und Norddeutsche Agarland- Tscharntke versch. Methoden Hymenoptera quantitativ schaften 2000a Kruess und Norddeutsche Agarland- Tscharntke versch. Methoden Hymenoptera quantitativ schaften 2000b Kruess und Norddeutsche Agarland- versch. Methoden Hymenoptera quantitativ Tscharntke 2002 schaften Neerup-Buhl Ceraphronoidea, versch. Methoden Habitate in Jutland qualitativ (1998) Proctotrupoidea Owen und nicht quali-
Recommended publications
  • Insect Cold Tolerance: How Many Kinds of Frozen?
    POINT OF VIEW Eur. J. Entomol. 96:157—164, 1999 ISSN 1210-5759 Insect cold tolerance: How many kinds of frozen? B rent J. SINCLAIR Department o f Zoology, University o f Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand; e-mail: [email protected] Key words. Insect, cold hardiness, strategies, Freezing tolerance, Freeze intolerance Abstract. Insect cold tolerance mechanisms are often divided into freezing tolerance and freeze intolerance. This division has been criticised in recent years; Bale (1996) established five categories of cold tolerance. In Bale’s view, freezing tolerance is at the ex­ treme end of the spectrum o f cold tolerance, and represents insects which are most able to survive low temperatures. Data in the lit­ erature from 53 species o f freezing tolerant insects suggest that the freezing tolerance strategies o f these species are divisible into four groups according to supercooling point (SCP) and lower lethal temperature (LLT): (1) Partially Freezing Tolerant-species that survive a small proportion o f their body water converted into ice, (2) Moderately Freezing Tolerant-species die less than ten degrees below their SCP, (3) Strongly Freezing Tolerant-insects with LLTs 20 degrees or more below their SCP, and (4) Freezing Tolerant Species with Low Supercooling Points which freeze at very low temperatures, and can survive a few degrees below their SCP. The last 3 groups can survive the conversion of body water into ice to an equilibrium at sub-lethal environmental temperatures. Statistical analyses o f these groups are presented in this paper. However, the data set is small and biased, and there are many other aspects o f freezing tolerance, for example proportion o f body water frozen, and site o f ice nucleation, so these categories may have to be re­ vised in the future.
    [Show full text]
  • ELIZABETH LOCKARD SKILLEN Diversity of Parasitic Hymenoptera
    ELIZABETH LOCKARD SKILLEN Diversity of Parasitic Hymenoptera (Ichneumonidae: Campopleginae and Ichneumoninae) in Great Smoky Mountains National Park and Eastern North American Forests (Under the direction of JOHN PICKERING) I examined species richness and composition of Campopleginae and Ichneumoninae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) parasitoids in cut and uncut forests and before and after fire in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Tennessee (GSMNP). I also compared alpha and beta diversity along a latitudinal gradient in Eastern North America with sites in Ontario, Maryland, Georgia, and Florida. Between 1997- 2000, I ran insect Malaise traps at 6 sites in two habitats in GSMNP. Sites include 2 old-growth mesic coves (Porters Creek and Ramsay Cascades), 2 second-growth mesic coves (Meigs Post Prong and Fish Camp Prong) and 2 xeric ridges (Lynn Hollow East and West) in GSMNP. I identified 307 species (9,716 individuals): 165 campoplegine species (3,273 individuals) and a minimum of 142 ichneumonine species (6,443 individuals) from 6 sites in GSMNP. The results show the importance of habitat differences when examining ichneumonid species richness at landscape scales. I report higher richness for both subfamilies combined in the xeric ridge sites (Lynn Hollow West (114) and Lynn Hollow East (112)) than previously reported peaks at mid-latitudes, in Maryland (103), and lower than Maryland for the two cove sites (Porters Creek, 90 and Ramsay Cascades, 88). These subfamilies appear to have largely recovered 70+ years after clear-cutting, yet Campopleginae may be more susceptible to logging disturbance. Campopleginae had higher species richness in old-growth coves and a 66% overlap in species composition between previously cut and uncut coves.
    [Show full text]
  • A Survey on Ichneumonidae of Isfahan Province, Central Iran
    Archive of SID J. Crop Prot. 2015, 4 (2):157-166_______________________________________________________ Research Article A survey on Ichneumonidae of Isfahan province, central Iran Hossein Barahoei1*, Elham Nader2 and Ehsan Rakhshani2 1. Agricultural Research Institute, University of Zabol, Iran. 2. Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Iran. Abstract: Fauna of Ichneumonidae of Isfahan province was studied in 2012. Specimens were collected using sweep net and Malaise trap on various plants from different places in Isfahan. Totally, 18 species belong to 16 genera and 7 subfamilies were collected and identified as: Anomalon cruentatum (Geoffroy, 1785) (Anomaloninae); Exetastes syriacus Schmiedeknecht, 1910 (Banchinae); Diplazon laetatorius (Fabricius, 1781), Enizemum ornatum (Gravenhorst, 1829), Homotropus nigritarsus (Gravenhorst, 1829), Homotropus signatus (Gravenhorst, 1829), Promethes sulcator (Gravenhorst, 1829) and Syrphophilus bizonarius (Gravenhorst, 1829) (Diplazontinae); Anisobas cingulatellus Horstmann, 1997, Diadromus collaris (Gravenhorst, 1829), Heterischnus filiformis (Gravenhorst, 1829) and Spilothyrateles nuptatorius (Fabricius, 1793) (Ichneumoninae); Exochus castaniventris Brauns, 1896 (Metopiinae); Itoplectis alternans (Gravenhorst, 1829), Itoplectis tunetana (Schmiedeknecht, 1914), Pimpla spuria Gravenhorst, 1829 and Zaglyptus multicolor (Gravenhorst, 1829) (Pimplinae) and Aneuclis incidens (Thomson, 1889) (Tersilochinae). All species are new record for Isfahan province except for
    [Show full text]
  • The Hymenoptera of a Dry Meadow on Limestone
    POLISH JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY 47 1 29--47 1999 (Pol. J. Ecol.) W em er ULRICH Nicholas Copemicus University in Torun Department of Animal Ecology 87-100 Torun. Gagarina 9: Poland e-mail: ulrichw @ cc.uni.torun.pl 'I'HE HYMENOPTERA OF A DRY MEADOW ON LIMESTONE: SPECIES COMPOSITION, ABUNDANCE AND BIOMASS ABSTRACT: In 1986 and 1988 the hymenopterous fauna of a semixerophytic meadow on lime­ stone near Gottingen (FRG) was studied using ground-photo-eclectors. A total of 4982 specimens be­ longing to 475 different species \vere collected. Extrapolations from double-log functions revealed that there may be as many as 1330 parasitoid species present per year. 455 of the 475 species were parasito­ ids. 155 of them attack dipterans. 48 lepidopterans. 36 beetles. 23 wasps, 22 plant hoppers and 13 ap­ hids. 47 of the species are egg-parasitoids and parasitoids of miners. ectophytophages count for 44 of 2 the \V asp species. The abundance of the wasp fauna was rather high ( 1120 ± 53 in d. m- a- I ( 1986) and 2 1 335 ± 42 ind. m - a- ( 1988). Most abundant were the parasitoids of miners, gall-makers and the egg­ parasitoids. Compared \vith the high abundance the biomass was low. In 1986 the wasps weighed a total 2 1 2 1 of 194 ± 24 n1gDW m- a- and in 1988 only 69 ± 20 mgDW m- a- . The parasitoids of ectophytopha­ gous lepidopterans and coleopterans counted for n1ore than half of the whole biomass. KEY WORDS: Hymenoptera. parasitoids. faunal composition, density, biomass. species numbers, local extinction. 1. INTRODUCTION The insect order Hymenoptera is the species is very limited.
    [Show full text]
  • Hymenoptera, Platygastridae)
    ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Zeitschrift der Arbeitsgemeinschaft Österreichischer Entomologen Jahr/Year: 1997 Band/Volume: 49 Autor(en)/Author(s): Buhl Peter Neerup Artikel/Article: Revision of some types of Platygastrinae described by A. Förster (Hymenoptera, Platygastridae). 21-28 ©Arbeitsgemeinschaft Österreichischer Entomologen, Wien, download unter www.biologiezentrum.at Z.Arb.Gem.Öst.Ent. 49 21-28 Wien, 15.5. 1997 ISSN 0375-5223 Revision of some types of Platygastrinae described by A. FÖRSTER (Hymenoptera, Platygastridae) Peter Neerup BUHL Abstract FÖRSTER's types of Amblyaspis walkeri, Synopeas melampus, S. rigidicornis, S. prospectus, Sactogaster curvicauda, and S. subaequalis are redescribed. Synopeas melampus and S. rigidicornis are transferred back to Synopeas from Leptacis, placed there by H. J. VLUG in 1973. Sactogaster longicauda and 5. pisi are proposed as new synonyms for Sactogaster curvicauda. Synopeas melampus sensu KOZLOV is given the new name S. sculpturatus. Key words: Platygastridae, taxonomy, redescriptions, types, synonymies, new names. Introduction The platygastrid types of Arnold FÖRSTER, deposited in the „Naturhistorisches Museum" in Vienna, were designated and commented upon by VLUG (1973). However, FöRSTER's very short and ina- dequate original descriptions also make a redescription of his types necessary. Recently, the types belonging to genus Platygaster were redescribed by BUHL(1996). The remaining species described by FÖRSTER (1856, 1861 ) are revised below, except Monocrita affinis FÖRSTER, 1861, M. monheimi FÖRSTER, 1861 and Synopeas nigriscapis FÖRSTER, 1861. Redescriptions and comments Amblyaspis walkeri FÖRSTER, 1861 (Figs 1-4) Lectotype 9: Body length 1.5 mm. Colour blackish; scape and legs yellowish; mandibles and coxae reddish.
    [Show full text]
  • New Data on the Sawfly Fauna of Corsica with the Description of a New Species Pontania Cyrnea Sp.N
    ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Nachrichtenblatt der Bayerischen Entomologen Jahr/Year: 2005 Band/Volume: 054 Autor(en)/Author(s): Liston Andrew D., Späth Jochen Artikel/Article: New data on the sawfly fauna of Corsica with the description of a new species Pontania cyrnea sp.n. (Hymenoptera, Symphyta) 2-7 © Münchner Ent. Ges., download www.biologiezentrum.at NachrBl. bayer. Ent. 54 (1 /2), 2005 New data on the sawfly fauna of Corsica with the description of a new species Pontania cyrnea sp. n. (Hymenoptera, Symphyta) A. D. LISTON & J. SPÄTH Abstract Records of 38 taxa of Symphyta collected recently by the authors in Corsica are presented. 15 identified species are additions to the known Corsican fauna. Pontania cyrnea sp. n. is described and compared with the morphologically similar P. joergcnseni ENSLIN. The family Xyelidae is recorded for the first time on the island. A total of 71 symphytan species are now known from Corsica. Introduction CHEVIN (1999) published a list of 56 species of sawflies and other Symphyta (woodwasps, orus- sids) from Corsica. His paper is based mainly on material made available to him by specialists in other insect groups who have collected there. He also included data on specimens from Corsica in the Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (Paris), and mentioned a few taxa already recorded in papers by other symphytologists. The island had previously been visited by a single sawfly specialist, who examined only the leaf-mining species (BUHR 1941). In spring 2004 the junior author stated his intent to collect Symphyta in Corsica.
    [Show full text]
  • A Short History Regarding the Taxonomy and Systematic Researches of Platygastroidea (Hymenoptera)
    Memoirs of the Scientific Sections of the Romanian Academy Tome XXXIV, 2011 BIOLOGY A SHORT HISTORY REGARDING THE TAXONOMY AND SYSTEMATIC RESEARCHES OF PLATYGASTROIDEA (HYMENOPTERA) O.A. POPOVICI1 and P.N. BUHL2 1 “Al.I.Cuza” University, Faculty of Biology, Bd. Carol I, nr. 11, 700506, Iasi, Romania. 2 Troldhøjvej 3, DK-3310 Ølsted, Denmark, e-mail: [email protected],dk Corresponding author: [email protected] This paper presents an overview of the most important and best-known works that were the subject of taxonomy or systematics Platygastroidea superfamily. The paper is divided into three parts. In the first part of the research surprised the early period can be placed throughout the XIXth century between Latreille and Dalla Torre. Before this period, references about platygastrids and scelionids were made by Linnaeus and Schrank, they are the ones who described the first platygastrid and scelionid respectively. In this the first period work entomologists as: Haliday, Westwood, Walker, Forster, Ashmead, Thomson, Howard, etc., the result of their work being the description of 699 scelionids species which are found quoted in Dalla Torre's catalogue. The second part of the paper is devoted to early 20th century. This vibrant work is marked by the work of two great entomologists: Kieffer and Dodd. In this period one publish the first and only global monograph of platygastrids and scelionids until now. In this monograph are twice the number of species than in Dalla Torre's catalogue which shows the magnitude of the systematic research of those moments. The third part of the paper refers to the late 20th and early 21st century.
    [Show full text]
  • Lajiluettelo 2019
    Lajiluettelo 2019 Artlistan 2019 Checklist 2019 Helsinki 2020 Viittausohje, kun viitataan koko julkaisuun: Suomen Lajitietokeskus 2020: Lajiluettelo 2019. – Suomen Lajitietokeskus, Luonnontieteellinen keskusmuseo, Helsingin yliopisto, Helsinki. Viittausohje, kun viitataan osaan julkaisusta, esim.: Paukkunen, J., Koponen, M., Vikberg, V., Fernandez-Triana, J., Jussila, R., Mutanen, M., Paappanen, J., Várkonyi, G. 2020: Hymenoptera, pistiäiset. – Julkaisussa: Suomen Lajitietokeskus 2020: Lajiluettelo 2019. Suomen Lajitietokeskus, Luonnontieteellinen keskusmuseo, Helsingin yliopisto, Helsinki. Citerande av publikationen: Finlands Artdatacenter 2020: Artlistan 2019. – Finlands Artdatacenter, Naturhistoriska centralmuseet, Helsingfors universitet, Helsingfors Citerande av en enskild taxon: Paukkunen, J., Koponen, M., Vikberg, V., Fernandez-Triana, J., Jussila, R., Mutanen, M., Paappanen, J., Várkonyi, G. 2020. Hymenoptera, steklar. – I: Finlands Artdatacenter 2020: Artlistan 2019. – Finlands Artdatacenter, Naturhistoriska centralmuseet, Helsingfors universitet, Helsingfors Citation of the publication: FinBIF 2020: The FinBIF checklist of Finnish species 2019. – Finnish Biodiversity Information Facility, Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, Helsinki Citation of a separate taxon: Paukkunen, J., Koponen, M., Vikberg, V., Fernandez-Triana, J., Jussila, R., Mutanen, M., Paappanen, J., Várkonyi, G. 2020: Hymenoptera, sawflied, wasps, ants and bee. – In: FinBIF 2020: The FinBIF checklist of Finnish species 2019. – Finnish Biodiversity
    [Show full text]
  • Kenai National Wildlife Refuge Species List, Version 2018-07-24
    Kenai National Wildlife Refuge Species List, version 2018-07-24 Kenai National Wildlife Refuge biology staff July 24, 2018 2 Cover image: map of 16,213 georeferenced occurrence records included in the checklist. Contents Contents 3 Introduction 5 Purpose............................................................ 5 About the list......................................................... 5 Acknowledgments....................................................... 5 Native species 7 Vertebrates .......................................................... 7 Invertebrates ......................................................... 55 Vascular Plants........................................................ 91 Bryophytes ..........................................................164 Other Plants .........................................................171 Chromista...........................................................171 Fungi .............................................................173 Protozoans ..........................................................186 Non-native species 187 Vertebrates ..........................................................187 Invertebrates .........................................................187 Vascular Plants........................................................190 Extirpated species 207 Vertebrates ..........................................................207 Vascular Plants........................................................207 Change log 211 References 213 Index 215 3 Introduction Purpose to avoid implying
    [Show full text]
  • Serie B 1997 Vo!. 44 No. 1 Norwegian Journal of Entomology
    Serie B 1997 Vo!. 44 No. 1 Norwegian Journal of Entomology Publ ished by Foundation for Nature Research and Cultural Heritage Research Trondheim Fauna norvegica Ser. B Organ for Norsk Entomologisk Forening F Appears with one volume (two issues) annually. tigations of regional interest are also welcome. Appropriate Utkommer med to hefter pr. ar. topics include general and applied (e.g. conservation) ecolo­ I Editor in chief (Ansvarlig redaktor) gy, morphology, behaviour, zoogeography as well as methodological development. All papers in Fauna norvegica ~ Dr. John O. Solem, Norwegian University of Science and are reviewed by at least two referees. Technology (NTNU), The Museum, N-7004 Trondheim. ( Editorial committee (Redaksjonskomite) FAUNA NORVEGICA Ser. B publishes original new infor­ mation generally relevan,t to Norwegian entomology. The Ame C. Nilssen, Department of Zoology, Troms0 Museum, journal emphasizes papers which are mainly faunal or zoo­ N-9006 Troms0, Ame Fjellberg, Gonveien 38, N-3145 ( geographical in scope or content, including check lists, faunal Tj0me, and Knut Rognes, Hav0rnbrautene 7a, N-4040 Madla. lists, type catalogues, regional keys, and fundamental papers Abonnement 1997 having a conservation aspect. Submissions must not have Medlemmer av Norsk Entomologisk Forening (NEF) far been previously published or copyrighted and must not be tidsskriftet fritt tilsendt. Medlemmer av Norsk Ornitologisk published subsequently except in abstract form or by written Forening (NOF) mottar tidsskriftet ved a betale kr. 90. Andre consent of the Managing Editor. ma betale kr. 120. Disse innbetalingene sendes Stiftelsen for Subscription 1997 naturforskning og kulturminneforskning (NINAeNIKU), Members of the Norw. Ent. Soc. (NEF) will r~ceive the journal Tungasletta 2, N-7005 Trondheim.
    [Show full text]
  • Redalyc.A New Fossil Ichneumon Wasp from the Lowermost Eocene Amber
    Geologica Acta: an international earth science journal ISSN: 1695-6133 [email protected] Universitat de Barcelona España Menier, J. J.; Nel, A.; Waller, A.; Ploëg, G. de A new fossil ichneumon wasp from the Lowermost Eocene amber of Paris Basin (France), with a checklist of fossil Ichneumonoidea s.l. (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Metopiinae) Geologica Acta: an international earth science journal, vol. 2, núm. 1, 2004, pp. 83-94 Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona, España Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=50500112 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative Geologica Acta, Vol.2, Nº1, 2004, 83-94 Available online at www.geologica-acta.com A new fossil ichneumon wasp from the Lowermost Eocene amber of Paris Basin (France), with a checklist of fossil Ichneumonoidea s.l. (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Metopiinae) J.-J. MENIER, A. NEL, A. WALLER and G. DE PLOËG Laboratoire d’Entomologie and CNRS UMR 8569, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle 45 rue Buffon, F-75005 Paris, France. Menier E-mail: [email protected] Nel E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT We describe a new fossil genus and species Palaeometopius eocenicus of Ichneumonidae Metopiinae (Insecta: Hymenoptera), from the Lowermost Eocene amber of the Paris Basin. A list of the described fossil Ichneu- monidae is proposed. KEYWORDS Insecta. Hymenoptera. Ichneumonidae. n. gen., n. sp. Eocene amber. France. List of fossil species. INTRODUCTION Nevertheless, the present fossil record suggests that the family was already very diverse during the Eocene and Fossil ichneumonid wasps are not rare.
    [Show full text]
  • University Morifilms International 300N.Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, Ml 48106 8305402
    INFORMATION TO USERS This reproduction was made from a copy of a document sent to us for microfilming. While the most advanced technology has been used to photograph and reproduce this document, the quality of the reproduction is heavily dependent upon the quality of the material submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help clarify markings or notations which may appear on this reproduction. 1.The sign or “target” for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is “Missing Page(s)”. If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting through an image and duplicating adjacent pages to assure complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a round black mark, it is an indication of either blurred copy because of movement during exposure, duplicate copy, or copyrighted materials that should not have been filmed. For blurred pages, a good image of the page can be found in the adjacent frame. If copyrighted materials were deleted, a target note will appear listing the pages in the adjacent frame. 3. When a map, drawing or chart, etc., is part of the material being photographed, a definite method of “sectioning” the material has been followed. It is customary to begin filming at the upper left hand comer of a large sheet and to continue from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. If necessary, sectioning is continued again-beginning below the first row and continuing on until complete.
    [Show full text]