Royal Entomological Society HANDBOOKS FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF BRITISH INSECTS To purchase current handbooks and to download out-of-print parts visit: http://www.royensoc.co.uk/publications/index.htm This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.0 UK: England & Wales License. Copyright © Royal Entomological Society 2012 ROYAL ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON Vol. VII. Part 2 (aii). HANDBOOKS FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF BRITISH INSECTS HYMENOPTERA ICHNEUMONOIDEA lcHNEUMONIDAE, subfamilies lcHNEUMONINAE 11, ALOMYINAE, AGRIOTYPINAE and LYCORININAE By J. F. PERKINS LONDON Published by the Society and Sold at its Rooms 41, Queen's Gate, S.W. 7 16th August, t96o Price £1. ss. od. HANDBOOKS FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF BRITISH INSECTS The ~aim of this series of publications is to provide illustrated keys to the whole of the British Insects (in so far as this is possible), in ten volumes, as follows : I. Part 1. General Introduction. Part 9. Ephemeroptera. , 2. Thysanura. , 10. Odonata. , 3. Protura. , 11. Thysanoptera. , 4. Collembola. , 12. Neuroptera. , 5. Dermaptera and , 13. Mecoptera. Orthoptera. , 14. Trichoptera. , 6. Plecoptera. , 15. Strepsiptera. , 7. Psocoptera. , 16. Siphonaptera. , 8. Anoplura. II. Hemiptera. Ill. Lepidoptera. IV. and V. Coleoptera. VI. Hymenoptera : Symphyta and Aculeata. VII. Hymenoptera : Ichneumonoidea. VIII. Hymenoptera : Cynipoidea, Chalcidoidea, and Serphoidea. IX. Diptera: Nematocera and Brachycera. X. Diptera: Cyclorrhapha. Volumes II to X will be divided into parts of convenient size, but it is not possible to specify in advance the taxonomic content of each part. Conciseness and cheapness are main objectives in this new series, and each part will be the work of a specialist, or of a group of specialists. Although much of the work will be based on existing published keys, suitably adapted, it is expected that it will also include much new and original matter. Parts will be issued, separately paged and priced, as they become available. Orders for the Series or for separate parts should be sent to the Registrar at the Society's rooms. The Society is indebted to the Royal Society for a grant towards the cost of initiating this series of Handbooks. A Jilt of parts now available appears on the back cover HYMENOPTERA ICHNEUMONOIDEA lcHNEUMONIDAE IcHNEUMONINAE-H, IcHNEUMONINI ; ALoMYINAE ; AGRIOTYPIN AE AND LYCORININAE By J. F. PERKINS IN addition to the remaining tribe of the Ichneumoninae, this section of the Ilandboolcs also includes the Alomyinae, Agriotypinae and Lycorininae. The Alomyinae is probably closely related to the Ichneumoninae in which it has been placed by some authors, whereas others include it in the Metopii­ nae. The Agriotypinae and Lycorininae have no relationship with these subfamilies, but as the requisite figures for their recognition have already been given in the previous section, they m·e included here for the sake of convenience. In the introduction to the previous section, I included a list of additions to the check liRt of British Iclmeumoninae that I published in 1953. I have recently determined material of a further species belonging to the Ich­ neumonini which has not. previously been recorded from this country, viz., Aoplus speciosus (Wesmael). Tribe IcHNEUlVlONINI In the Palaearctie region this is by far the largest tribe in the subfamily. The keys to genera arc given separately for males and females, and it must be admitted they are far from satisfactory. Quite obviously a number of the genera will be split into further genera and some indication is given where this is most likely to occur in the near future. In fact, one of the greatest difficulties in this tribe is in recognizing into which genus or species group to place a species. Unless one ha,s access to a considerable named collection, it would seem even more essentia.l than usual to get together a considerable number of specimens before any progress can he made in identification. On the other hand, when our fauna becomes really well known, it is highly probable that quite simple keys based on colour pattern might be devised for the determination of our relatively limited number of species. At present, it is essential to allow for quite a considerable degree of variation in all characters used, including even those for genera, rmcl where it is found 8 liS VII(:!). HYJlJJ,'XOPTER.l : ICHXEU JJO.YIDAE 426 cfi:--_s 430 431 432 ___ liP-- ------'illb,. 433 434 FIGs. 42() 420.--Apex of gaster, la teml, 'f' : 42ii, Ichneul/1011 e.rtenSOI"ius ; 42i, Ambly­ telcs palliator-ius; 428, Hepiopclnws lcucostigmus; 429, Ichneumon caloscelis. Frus. 430-431.-:llandible, '!': 430, Idwounon lupens; 431, Chasmias motatorius. FrG. 432.-Area. superomedia: Clw.s111ias JWludator, 'f'. FIGs. 1:{3 J3-1.- Head, anterior, Chasmias motatorius: 433, 6; 434, 'f'. ICHNEUMONINI 119 impossible to run a specimen in the key to species of the genus t.o which it apparently belongs, it is as well to cast around in the generic key to see what other genera might be po,;sible. The specie;,; of this tribe are almost all parasitic on Macrolepidoptera. Many of the species hibernate as ;1dult females and have only one generation in the year. These species emerge in the late summer (from about July onwards) when, in collecting, mostly males are obtained, and these die off in the autumn. The females can be found in the winter in grass tufts, under bark and in similar hibernaculae, becoming active again in the late spring or early summer. I have only mentioned ivory markings on the pronotal collar, subalar prominence and seape where these appear to have some particular tiignificance in distinguishing specie~ ''s these markings normally show considerable v11,riation. The majority of species, in the female, have the flagellum with a white band or streak ccntra.lly. The front and middle legs are normally similarly coloured to the hind ones but paler. These characters are thus only mentioned in the note,; on colour if they show significant differences. K>;Y TO GENERA (Females) Tergite 7 conspicuously elongate, tergite 8 conspicuously projecting beyond this (figs. 781-2). Ovipositor sheaths broad ; hypopygi.um large; pygostyles with long, apical hairs ; thyridiae absent .............. Exephanes Wesmael (p. 202) If tergite 7 is elongate then tergite 8 is almost. or quite concealed by it ........ 2 2 (l) Length of hypopygium less than the distance of its apex from the apex of the ovipositor (fig. 42G) ; ovipositor sheaths often conspicuously projecting beyond the apex of the gaster, which is usually acuminate apically ; Lhyridiae most usually conspieuous. (The cases in which most confusion ean arise are with Hepiopelrnus (Gg. 428) and with Ichneumon caloscelis (fig. 429)) ...... 3 Length of hypopygium longer than the distance from it.s apex to the apex of the ovipositm· (fig. 427) ; ovipositor sheaths projecting very liLt,le beyond the apex of the last tergitc ; thyridiao very frequently absent. ...... 21 3 Mandible thin and 'trongly twisted apically (fig. 473). Antenna sLrongly elongate, a little widened beyond the middle and sharply attenuate apically ; clypeus st.rongly convex and with no apical carina ; head very strongly narrowed behind the eyes; transverse groove ofpronoLum complete centrally in British species; propodeum with the dentiparal spines strongly developed (cf. fig. 471); thyridiae at least as far apart as the breadth of a thyridia ; apex of gaster with no white marks ; ovipositor distinctly exserted .................... Hoplismenus Gravenhorst (p. 131) Mandible only weakly twisted ; if rather thin, then otherwise disagreeing with the above characters; sometimes mandible unidentate ................ 4 4 (3) Clypeus broadly excised apically, in t.he middle of this excision is a tooth which does not reach the lino of the lateral angles of the elypeus (fig. 434); mandible broad, the width at the base of the teeth about two-thirds the width of the base of the mandihlc, with a depressed, more or less triangular, punctate area in the basal half (fig. 431). Area superomcdia lnrge, elongate, anteriorly rounded (fig. 432) ; central area of postpotiolc striate or coriaceous and sparsely punctate Chasmias Ashmcad (p. 164) Clypeus nt most with a very weak, apical emargination, without a. central tooth m· rmcly wiLh the apical margin very weakly bisinuate, in which case the central tooth reaches the line of the lateral angles of the clypeus or projects beyond this (cf. figs. 441-2) ; mandible variable in form but never as above (cf. Ichneumon lu.gens, fig. 430) .......................... , .. , 5 120 VII (2). HYMENOPTERA: IOHNEUMONIDAE 435 436 437 438 4.39 441 442 443 444 446 FIGs. 435-437.-Propodeum, dorsal, ~ : 435, Ichneumon extensorius ; 436, I. primatoriu.s; 437, Barivhneumon albilineatus. FIGs. 438-440.-Postpetiole, dorsal, Ichneumon, ~ : 438, aarvitorius; 439, pr·imatorius; 440, extenaorius. FIGs. 441---443.-Clypeus: 441, Melanichneumon leuvocheilus, if; 442, M. leuvovheilus, ~; 443, Barichneumon praeceptor, ~· [Continued opposite IGHNE U JWN IN I 121 5 (4) Area superomedia with the sides feebly arched (figs. 435, 600-7), the anterior carina which is most usually distinct, is subcqual to the distance between the lateral, basal carinae of the central area of metanotum, or is broader than this, the posterior carina subequal to the anterior or sometimes distinctly narrower; transverse basal groove of the propodeum rlP,ep laterally, the area basalis never with a central tooth or tubercle; post.petiole (figs. 438, 440) with the central area striate. usually with scattered punctures admixed, or sometimes with a narrow, subapical band of punctures (i>he striae of the central area of the postpetiole in some small species are weak, but in this case the striation is very regular or the area superomedia is very regularly quadrate) ...................................... Ichneumon L. (p. 166) Area superomedia usually strongly convergent anteriorly so that the anterior side is distinctly shorter than the distance between the lateral carinae of the central area of metanotum ; area basalis sometimes with a central tooth or tubercle (fig.