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Επίδραση Της Θερμοκρασίας Και Της Τοξίνης Cry1ab Του Bacillus

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Επίδραση Της Θερμοκρασίας Και Της Τοξίνης Cry1ab Του Bacillus ΑΡΗ΢ΣΟΣΔΛΔΗΟ ΠΑΝΔΠΗ΢ΣΖΜΗΟ ΘΔ΢΢ΑΛΟΝΗΚΖ΢ ΓΔΧΠΟΝΗΚΖ ΢ΥΟΛΖ ΠΡΟΓΡΑΜΜΑ ΜΔΣΑΠΣΤΥΗΑΚΧΝ ΢ΠΟΤΓΧΝ ΔΗΓΗΚΔΤ΢Ζ ΦΤΣΟΠΡΟ΢ΣΑ΢ΗΑ΢ Δπίδξαζε ηεο ζεξκνθξαζίαο θαη ηεο ηνμίλεο Cry1Ab ηνπ Bacillus thuringiensis ζηελ βηνινγία ησλ Ostrinia nubilalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) θαη Sesamia nonagrioides (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) ΓΗΓΑΚΣΟΡΗΚΖ ΓΗΑΣΡΗΒΖ ΢ΣΔΦΑΝΟ΢ ΢. ΑΝΓΡΔΑΓΖ΢ ΓΔΧΠΟΝΟ΢ Msc ΔΠΗ΢ΣΖΜΧΝ ΦΤΣΟΠΡΟ΢ΣΑ΢ΗΑ΢ ΔΠΗΒΛΔΠΟΤ΢Α: θαζ. Μ. ΢ΑΒΒΟΠΟΤΛΟΤ-΢ΟΤΛΣΑΝΖ ΘΔ΢΢ΑΛΟΝΗΚΖ 2009 Δπίδξαζε ηεο ζεξκνθξαζίαο θαη ηεο ηνμίλεο Cry1Ab ηνπ Bacillus thuringiensis ζηελ βηνινγία ησλ Ostrinia nubilalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) θαη Sesamia nonagrioides (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) ΢ΣΔΦΑΝΟ΢ ΢. ΑΝΓΡΔΑΓΖ΢ ΓΗΓΑΚΣΟΡΗΚΖ ΓΗΑΣΡΗΒΖ πνπ εθπνλήζεθε ζην Δξγαζηήξην Δθαξκνζκέλεο Εσνινγίαο θαη Παξαζηηνινγίαο, ηεο Γεσπνληθήο ΢ρνιήο, ηνπ Αξηζηνηέιεηνπ Παλεπηζηεκίνπ Θεζζαινλίθεο ΣΡΗΜΔΛΖ΢ ΢ΤΜΒΟΤΛΔΤΣΗΚΖ ΔΠΗΣΡΟΠΖ Καζεγήηξηα Μ. ΢αββνπνχινπ-΢νπιηάλε Δηζεγήηξηα Καζεγεηήο Γ. Κ. ΢ηακφπνπινο Μέινο Καζεγήηξηα Δ. Παπαδνπνχινπ-Μνπξθίδνπ Μέινο ΔΠΣΑΜΔΛΖ΢ ΔΞΔΣΑ΢ΣΗΚΖ ΔΠΗΣΡΟΠΖ Καζεγήηξηα Μ. ΢αββνπνχινπ-΢νπιηάλε Δηζεγήηξηα Καζεγεηήο Γ. Κ. ΢ηακφπνπινο Μέινο Καζεγήηξηα Δ. Παπαδνπνχινπ-Μνπξθίδνπ Μέινο Καζεγήηξηα Γ. Πξνθήηνπ-Αζαλαζηάδνπ Μέινο Καζεγεηήο Β. Η. Καηζφγηαλλνο Μέινο Δπηθ. Καζεγήηξηα Α. Φαληηλνχ Μέινο Δπηθ. Καζεγεηήο Ν. Παπαδφπνπινο Μέινο ΘΔ΢΢ΑΛΟΝΗΚΖ 2009 ηνπο γνλείο κνπ, ΠΔΡΗΔΥΟΜΔΝΑ ΔΤΥΑΡΗ΢ΣΗΔ΢ .......................................................................................................... i ΠΔΡΗΛΖΦΖ ............................................................................................................. iii SUMMARY ............................................................................................................ vii ΢ΤΝΣΟΝΣΟΓΡΑΦΗΔ΢ ............................................................................................. x ΚΑΣΑΛΟΓΟ΢ ΠΗΝΑΚΧΝ ...................................................................................... xi ΚΑΣΑΛΟΓΟ΢ ΓΗΑΓΡΑΜΜΑΣΧΝ ....................................................................... xiii ΚΑΣΑΛΟΓΟ΢ ΔΗΚΟΝΧΝ ..................................................................................... xiv ΚΔΦΑΛΑΗΟ 1 ΓΔΝΗΚΖ ΔΗ΢ΑΓΧΓΖ 1.1 Ζ θαιιηέξγεηα ηνπ θαιακπνθηνχ ...................................................................... 1 1.1.1 Γεληθά ....................................................................................................... 1 1.1.2 Πξνέιεπζε ................................................................................................ 2 1.1.3 Οηθνλνκηθή ζεκαζία ................................................................................. 3 1.1.4 Κπξηφηεξνη ερζξνί ηεο θαιιηέξγεηαο ηνπ θαιακπνθηνχ .............................. 8 1.2 Σν έληνκν Ostrinia nubilalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) ................................... 9 1.3 Σν έληνκν Sesamia nonagrioides (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) ........................... 19 1.4 ΢θνπφο δηαηξηβήο ........................................................................................... 31 1.5 Βηβιηνγξαθία ................................................................................................. 32 ΚΔΦΑΛΑΗΟ 2 Πξνζδηνξηζκόο ζπρλόηεηαο αλζεθηηθώλ ζηελ ηνμίλε Cry1Ab ηνπ Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki γνληδίσλ ηνπ Sesamia nonagrioides (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) 2.1 ΠΔΡΗΛΖΦΖ ................................................................................................... 38 2.2 ΔΗ΢ΑΓΧΓΖ .................................................................................................... 39 2.3 ΤΛΗΚΑ ΚΑΗ ΜΔΘΟΓΟΗ ............................................................................... 42 2.3.1 Πξνέιεπζε εληφκσλ ................................................................................ 42 2.3.2 Πξνζδηνξηζκφο ζπρλφηεηαο γνληδίσλ αλζεθηηθφηεηαο κε ηελ F2 κέζνδν .. 43 2.3.3 ΢ηαηηζηηθή αλάιπζε ................................................................................ 45 2.4 ΑΠΟΣΔΛΔ΢ΜΑΣΑ ....................................................................................... 47 2.4.1 Δθαξκνγή ηεο F2 κεζφδνπ ....................................................................... 47 2.4.2 ΢πρλφηεηα γνληδίσλ αλζεθηηθφηεηαο ζηελ ηνμίλε Cry1Ab ηνπ B. thuringiensis..................................................................................................... 49 2.4.3 ΢πρλφηεηα γνληδίσλ κεξηθήο αλζεθηηθφηεηαο ζηελ ηνμίλε Cry1Ab ηνπ B. thuringiensis..................................................................................................... 49 2.5 ΢ΤΕΖΣΖ΢Ζ .................................................................................................. 51 2.6 ΒΗΒΛΗΟΓΡΑΦΗΑ ........................................................................................... 55 ΚΔΦΑΛΑΗΟ 3 Δπίδξαζε ηεο ηνμίλεο Cry1Ab ηνπ Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki ζηελ επηβίσζε θαη ηελ αλάπηπμε ησλ πξνλπκθώλ ηνπ Ostrinia nubilalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) θαη ηνπ Sesamia nonagrioides (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) 3.1 ΠΔΡΗΛΖΦΖ ................................................................................................... 60 3.2 ΔΗ΢ΑΓΧΓΖ .................................................................................................... 61 3.3 ΤΛΗΚΑ ΚΑΗ ΜΔΘΟΓΟΗ ............................................................................... 63 3.3.1 Πξνέιεπζε ηνπ O. nubilalis ..................................................................... 63 3.3.2 Πξνέιεπζε ηνπ S. nonagrioides ............................................................... 63 3.3.3 Πξνέιεπζε ηεο ηνμίλεο Cry1Ab ηνπ B. thuringiensis ............................... 64 3.3.4 Πξνζδηνξηζκφο επαηζζεζίαο πξνλπκθψλ ηνπ O. nubilalis θαη S. nonagrioides ζηελ ηνμίλε Cry1Ab ηνπ B. thuringiensis .................................... 65 3.3.5 Μειέηε ηεο αλάπηπμεο ησλ πξνλπκθψλ ηνπ O. nubilalis ζε δηάθνξεο ζπγθεληξψζεηο ηεο ηνμίλεο Cry1Ab ηνπ B. thuringiensis .................................. 66 3.3.6 ΢ηαηηζηηθή αλάιπζε ................................................................................ 67 3.4 ΑΠΟΣΔΛΔ΢ΜΑΣΑ ....................................................................................... 68 3.4.1 Δπαηζζεζία πξνλπκθψλ ηνπ O. nubilalis θαη S. nonagrioides ζηελ ηνμίλε Cry1Ab ηνπ B. thuringiensis............................................................................. 68 3.4.2 Δπίδξαζε ηεο ηνμίλεο Cry1Ab ηνπ B. thuringiensis ζηελ αλάπηπμε ησλ πξνλπκθψλ ηνπ O. nubilalis ............................................................................. 71 3.5 ΢ΤΕΖΣΖ΢Ζ .................................................................................................. 75 3.6 ΒΗΒΛΗΟΓΡΑΦΗΑ ........................................................................................... 80 ΚΔΦΑΛΑΗΟ 4 Αληνρή ζε βξαρείαο δηάξθεηαο πςειέο ζεξκνθξαζίεο δηαθόξσλ ζηαδίσλ ηνπ Ostrinia nubilalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) θαη επίδξαζε απηώλ ζηελ επαηζζεζία ησλ πξνλπκθώλ ζηελ ηνμίλε Cry1Ab ηνπ Bacillus thuringiensis 4.1 ΠΔΡΗΛΖΦΖ ................................................................................................... 85 4.2 ΔΗ΢ΑΓΧΓΖ .................................................................................................... 86 4.3 ΤΛΗΚΑ ΚΑΗ ΜΔΘΟΓΟΗ ............................................................................... 88 4.3.1 Πξνέιεπζε ηνπ εληφκνπ .......................................................................... 88 4.3.2 Βξαρεία έθζεζε ελειίθσλ αηφκσλ ηνπ O. nubilalis ζε πςειέο ζεξκνθξαζίεο ................................................................................................... 88 4.3.3 Βξαρεία έθζεζε λπκθψλ ηνπ O. nubilalis ζε πςειέο ζεξκνθξαζίεο ......... 89 4.3.4 Βξαρεία έθζεζε πξνλπκθψλ ηνπ O. nubilalis ζε πςειέο ζεξκνθξαζίεο ... 89 4.3.5 Βξαρεία έθζεζε αβγψλ ηνπ O. nubilalis ζε πςειέο ζεξκνθξαζίεο ........... 90 4.3.6 Μειέηε ηεο επαηζζεζίαο πξνλπκθψλ ηνπ O. nubilalis πνπ πξνήιζαλ απφ ελήιηθα πνπ δέρζεθαλ ηελ επίδξαζε πςειψλ ζεξκνθξαζηψλ ζηελ ηνμίλε Cry1Ab ηνπ B. thuringiensis............................................................................. 90 4.3.7 Πξνέιεπζε ηεο ηνμίλεο Cry1Ab .............................................................. 91 4.3.8 ΢ηαηηζηηθή αλάιπζε ................................................................................ 91 4.4 ΑΠΟΣΔΛΔ΢ΜΑΣΑ ....................................................................................... 92 4.4.1 Μέζνο ζαλαηεθφξνο ρξφλνο (LTime50).................................................... 92 4.4.2 Μέζε ζαλαηεθφξνο ζεξκνθξαζία (LTemp50) .......................................... 94 4.4.3 Μειέηε ηεο επαηζζεζίαο πξνλπκθψλ ηνπ O. nubilalis πνπ πξνήιζαλ απφ ελήιηθα πνπ δέρζεθαλ ηελ επίδξαζε πςειψλ ζεξκνθξαζηψλ ζηελ ηνμίλε Cry1Ab ηνπ B. thuringiensis............................................................................. 96 4.5 ΢ΤΕΖΣΖ΢Ζ .................................................................................................. 98 4.6 ΒΗΒΛΗΟΓΡΑΦΗΑ ..........................................................................................102 ΚΔΦΑΛΑΗΟ 5 Μειέηε ηεο επίδξαζεο ηεο ειηθίαο ησλ πξνλπκθώλ ηνπ Ostrinia nubilalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) ζηελ αληνρή ζην ςύρνο θαη ηε ζπζζώξεπζε θξπνπξνζηαηεπηηθώλ νπζηώλ 5.1 ΠΔΡΗΛΖΦΖ ..................................................................................................106 5.2 ΔΗ΢ΑΓΧΓΖ ...................................................................................................107 5.3 ΤΛΗΚΑ ΚΑΗ ΜΔΘΟΓΟΗ ..............................................................................109 5.3.1 Πξνέιεπζε ηνπ εληφκνπ .........................................................................109
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