RASLAN 2017 Recent Advances in Slavonic Natural Language Processing
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Expletive Negation Beyond Romance. Clausal Complementation and Epistemic Modality
Expletive Negation beyond Romance. Clausal Complementation and Epistemic Modality. Maria-Margarita Makri Master of Arts (by Research) University of York Language and Linguistic Science December 2013 Abstract This thesis examines whether Expletive Negation (EN) in attitude contexts is in- deed semantically vacuous and which are its licensing conditions. By examining the crosslinguistic distribution of EN, I show that EN is not dependent on the mood specification of the embedded clause contra what has been previously argued (e.g. Abels 2005, Espinal 2000, Yoon 2011) but rather it is only licensed in tensed clauses. I show that EN complements are selected by predicates that also select for questions. I present new asymmetries between EN and that complements: more specifically, I show that epistemic modals are not licensed in EN complements, an attitude with an EN-complement cannot function as a felicitous answer, matrix negation has different scope in EN and non-EN clauses and that EN can be used instead of an epistemic in counterfactuals. Based on these asymmetries and the previously established necessary condition for tense, I propose that EN is an epistemic modal. EN actually indicates that the doxastic alternatives of the attitude holder are equally probably and thus the semantics of EN complements are very similar to that of embedded questions. Even though the distributions of embedded questions and EN complements largely overlap and the two constructions can be changed without any difference in the meaning I demonstrate that their distribution is not identical and thus further investigation is necessary. 2 List of Contents Abstract 2 List of Tables 6 List of Figures 7 Acknowledgments 8 Author's Declaration 9 1 Introduction 11 2 The empirical Picture: Environments that License Expletive Nega- tion 12 3 Background on Expletive Negation 19 4 Expletive Negation and Negative Concord 23 4.1 Background on Negative Concord and Negative words . -
Wikipedia Edit-A-Thons and Editor Experience: Lessons from a Participatory Observation
Aalborg Universitet Wikipedia Edit-a-thons and Editor Experience: Lessons from a Participatory Observation Gluza, Wioletta; Turaj, Izabela ; Meier, Florian Maximilian Published in: Proceeding of 17th International Symposium on Open Collaboration (OpenSym2021) Publication date: 2021 Link to publication from Aalborg University Citation for published version (APA): Gluza, W., Turaj, I., & Meier, F. M. (Accepted/In press). Wikipedia Edit-a-thons and Editor Experience: Lessons from a Participatory Observation. In Proceeding of 17th International Symposium on Open Collaboration (OpenSym2021) General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. ? Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. ? You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain ? You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal ? Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us at [email protected] providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Wikipedia Edit-a-thons and Editor Experience: Lessons from a Participatory Observation WIOLETTA GLUZA, Aalborg University Copenhagen, Denmark IZABELA ANNA TURAJ, Aalborg University Copenhagen, Denmark FLORIAN MEIER, Aalborg University Copenhagen, Denmark Wikipedia is one of the most important sources of encyclopedic knowledge and among the most visited websites on the internet. -
Social Changer Jae-Hee Technology Comfort Level
Social Changer Jae-Hee Technology comfort level AGE: EDUCATION: 27 years old University Low High LOCATION: LANGUAGES: Seoul, South Korea Korean (fluent) Writing comfort level Japanese (proficient) OCCUPATION: English (proficient) Freelance graphic designer Low High Macbook Pro iPad iPhone 6S PRIMARY USE: Graphic design work, PRIMARY USE: Reading, looking for PRIMARY USE: Calling, messaging maintaining her website, writing, inspiration for her work, and quick friends on Kakao Talk, Twitter editing Wikipedia internet browsing when she’s not at home Background Jae-Hee graduated from university two years ago Japanese. While in university, she took a class on Experience Goals and currently works as a freelance graphic de- design and sustainability and became interested • To freely share her opinions and signer. She lives in the suburbs of Seoul, with her in environmental issues. Now she volunteers for knowledge without conflict or rebuke, parents and younger sister. In her spare time, she an environmental advocacy non-profit which ed- like she does elsewhere online works on her digital art and photography, which ucates people about living a sustainable lifestyle, she publishes on her personal website, through and shares similar lifestyle tips on her personal End Goals WordPress. She loves reading, particularly fantasy blog. and science fiction stories, in both Korean and • To raise awareness on environmental issues • To collaborate with other Tech Habits environmentalists She first started using a computer in grade school, environmental groups. She is well-known by her and got her first smartphone in high school. She online username, “jigu”. She learned basic HTML Challenges uses social media avidly, particularly Twitter to to run her website, and uses Adobe software for share her work and writing, and to follow other her graphic design and art. -
Flags and Banners
Flags and Banners A Wikipedia Compilation by Michael A. Linton Contents 1 Flag 1 1.1 History ................................................. 2 1.2 National flags ............................................. 4 1.2.1 Civil flags ........................................... 8 1.2.2 War flags ........................................... 8 1.2.3 International flags ....................................... 8 1.3 At sea ................................................. 8 1.4 Shapes and designs .......................................... 9 1.4.1 Vertical flags ......................................... 12 1.5 Religious flags ............................................. 13 1.6 Linguistic flags ............................................. 13 1.7 In sports ................................................ 16 1.8 Diplomatic flags ............................................ 18 1.9 In politics ............................................... 18 1.10 Vehicle flags .............................................. 18 1.11 Swimming flags ............................................ 19 1.12 Railway flags .............................................. 20 1.13 Flagpoles ............................................... 21 1.13.1 Record heights ........................................ 21 1.13.2 Design ............................................. 21 1.14 Hoisting the flag ............................................ 21 1.15 Flags and communication ....................................... 21 1.16 Flapping ................................................ 23 1.17 See also ............................................... -
Illocutionary Mood Marking in Sm'algyax
Illocutionary mood marking in Sm’algyax Colin Brown UCLA Abstract In this paper I discuss a root-level clitic that occurs in wh-questions in Sm’algyax (Tsimshi- anic, VSO, also known as Coast Tsimshian), and analyse it as an overt instantiation of in- terrogative illocutionary mood, found in a let-peripheral position. I provide evidence for such a structure based on interrogative and non-interrogative uses of wh-words, embed- ded and coordinated questions, as well as the interaction between this clitic and other clitics associated with the evidential and mood system — providing compelling support for analyses that analyse illocutionary mood/speech acts as involving a syntactically pro- jected operator (Krika 2001; Speas & Tenny 2003; Farkas & Bruce 2010; Sauerland & Yat- sushiro 2017). 1 Introduction In this paper I discuss issues pertaining to the syntax/sentence mood interface via an investigation of questions and grammatical particles which appear in questions in Sm’algyax (Martitime Tsimshianic. ISO 639-3 language code: tsi, also known as Coast Tsimshian), and argue that the distribution of a particle =u in matrix, embedded, and coordinated questions supports analyses which encode the sentential force within the sentence’s syntactic representation (Krika 2001; Speas & Tenny 2003; Sauerland & Yat- sushiro 2017). Wh-questions in Sm’algyax are characterised by a wh-word or phrase appearing to the let of the predicate (contra declarative VSO word order as in (1)), and the appearance of a question particle (henceforth wh-particle) =u, -
Searching for a Universal Constraint on the Possible Denotations of Clause-Embedding Predicates*
Proceedings of SALT 30: 542–561, 2020 Searching for a universal constraint on the possible denotations of clause-embedding predicates* Floris Roelofsen Wataru Uegaki University of Amsterdam University of Edinburgh Abstract We propose a new cross-linguistic constraint on the relationship between the meaning of a clause-embedding predicate when it takes an interrogative com- plement and its meaning when it takes a declarative complement. According to this proposal, every clause-embedding predicate V satisfies a constraint that we refer to as P-TO-Q ENTAILMENT. That is, for any exhaustivity-neutral interrogative complement Q, if there is an answer p to Q such that px Vs pq, then it follows that px Vs Qq. We discuss empirical advantages of this proposal over existing proposals and explore potential counterexamples to P-TO-Q ENTAILMENT. Keywords: clause-embedding predicates, cross-linguistic semantics, linguistic universals. 1 Introduction A central question in semantics is whether there are any universal constraints on the possible denotations of lexical items of certain grammatical categories. This question has been investigated most prominently in the domain of determiners. For instance, it has been proposed that all determiners are ‘conservative’ and that all monomorphemic determiners are ‘monotonic’ (Barwise & Cooper 1981). Recent work has explored semantic universals in the domain of clause-embedding predicates like know, agree, and wonder (Spector & Egré 2015; Theiler, Roelofsen & Aloni 2018; Uegaki 2019; Steinert-Threlkeld 2020). Within this line of work, two basic questions can be distinguished. The first is empirical: Which constraints, if any, do we find in the semantics of clause-embedding predicates? The second is theoretical: What may explain such universal semantic constraints? The present paper is primarily concerned with the first question. -
Interpreting Questions with Non-Exhaustive Answers
Interpreting Questions with Non-exhaustive Answers A dissertation presented by Yimei Xiang to The Department of Linguistics in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the subject of Linguistics Harvard University Cambridge, Massachusetts May 2016 © 2016 – Yimei Xiang All rights reserved. iii Dissertation Advisor: Prof. Gennaro Chierchia Yimei Xiang Interpreting Questions with Non-exhaustive Answers Abstract This dissertation investigates the semantics of questions, with a focus on phenomena that challenge the standard views of the related core issues, as well as those that are technically difficult to capture under standard compositional semantics. It begins by re-examining several fundamental issues, such as what a question denotes, how a question is composed, and what a wh-item denotes. It then tackles questions with complex structures, including mention-some questions, multi-wh questions, and questions with quantifiers. It also explores several popular issues, such as variations of exhaustivity, sensitivity to false answers, and quantificational variability effects. Chapter 1 discusses some fundamental issues on question semantics. I pursue a hybrid categorial approach and define question roots as topical properties, which can supply propositional answers as well as nominal short answers. But different from traditional categorial approaches, I treat wh- items as existential quantifiers, which can be shifted into domain restrictors via a BeDom-operator. Moreover, I argue that the live-on set of a plural or number-neutral wh-item is polymorphic: it consists of not only individuals but also generalized conjunctions and disjunctions. Chapter 2 and 3 are centered on mention-some questions. Showing that the availability of mention-some should be grammatically restricted, I attribute the mention-some/mention-all ambi- guity of 3-questions to structural variations within the question nucleus. -
Critical Point of View: a Wikipedia Reader
w ikipedia pedai p edia p Wiki CRITICAL POINT OF VIEW A Wikipedia Reader 2 CRITICAL POINT OF VIEW A Wikipedia Reader CRITICAL POINT OF VIEW 3 Critical Point of View: A Wikipedia Reader Editors: Geert Lovink and Nathaniel Tkacz Editorial Assistance: Ivy Roberts, Morgan Currie Copy-Editing: Cielo Lutino CRITICAL Design: Katja van Stiphout Cover Image: Ayumi Higuchi POINT OF VIEW Printer: Ten Klei Groep, Amsterdam Publisher: Institute of Network Cultures, Amsterdam 2011 A Wikipedia ISBN: 978-90-78146-13-1 Reader EDITED BY Contact GEERT LOVINK AND Institute of Network Cultures NATHANIEL TKACZ phone: +3120 5951866 INC READER #7 fax: +3120 5951840 email: [email protected] web: http://www.networkcultures.org Order a copy of this book by sending an email to: [email protected] A pdf of this publication can be downloaded freely at: http://www.networkcultures.org/publications Join the Critical Point of View mailing list at: http://www.listcultures.org Supported by: The School for Communication and Design at the Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences (Hogeschool van Amsterdam DMCI), the Centre for Internet and Society (CIS) in Bangalore and the Kusuma Trust. Thanks to Johanna Niesyto (University of Siegen), Nishant Shah and Sunil Abraham (CIS Bangalore) Sabine Niederer and Margreet Riphagen (INC Amsterdam) for their valuable input and editorial support. Thanks to Foundation Democracy and Media, Mondriaan Foundation and the Public Library Amsterdam (Openbare Bibliotheek Amsterdam) for supporting the CPOV events in Bangalore, Amsterdam and Leipzig. (http://networkcultures.org/wpmu/cpov/) Special thanks to all the authors for their contributions and to Cielo Lutino, Morgan Currie and Ivy Roberts for their careful copy-editing. -
Picky Predicates: Why Believe Doesn't Like Interrogative Complements, and Other Puzzles
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Picky predicates: why believe doesn't like interrogative complements, and other puzzles Theiler, N.; Roelofsen, F.; Aloni, M. DOI 10.1007/s11050-019-09152-9 Publication date 2019 Document Version Final published version Published in Natural Language Semantics License CC BY Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Theiler, N., Roelofsen, F., & Aloni, M. (2019). Picky predicates: why believe doesn't like interrogative complements, and other puzzles. Natural Language Semantics, 27(2), 95-134. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11050-019-09152-9 General rights It is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), other than for strictly personal, individual use, unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Disclaimer/Complaints regulations If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: https://uba.uva.nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible. UvA-DARE is a service provided by the library of the University of Amsterdam (https://dare.uva.nl) Download date:28 Sep 2021 Natural Language Semantics -
Predicates of Relevance and Theories of Question Embedding Patrick D
Predicates of relevance and theories of question embedding Patrick D. Elliott, Nathan Klinedinst, Yasutada Sudo, and Wataru Uegaki Background: Lahiri (2002) distinguishes two broad categories of question-embedding pred- icates: responsive and rogative predicates. Responsive predicates, such as know, tell, etc. tolerate both declarative and interrogative complements, whereas rogative predicates such as wonder, ask, etc. permit interrogative but not declarative complements. (1) a. Jeff knew fwhere Britta was j that Britta was outsideg. responsive b. Jeff wondered fwhere Britta was j *that Britta was outsideg. rogative There are two main theories of responsive predicates: (i) the standard analysis says that they semantically select for a proposition, which is taken to be the basic meaning of a declarative complement. Interrogative complements too denote (or come to denote) propositions (see e.g., Karttunen 1977, Groenendijk & Stokhof 1984, Heim 1994, Dayal 1996, Lahiri 2002, and Spec- tor & Egre´ 2015). (ii) an alternative analysis has recently been proposed by Uegaki (2015) (see also Roelofsen et al. 2015), according to which responsive predicates semantically select for a question, which is taken to be the basic meaning of an interrogative complement. Declarative complements come to denote a (resolved) question, i.e., a singleton set containing a proposi- tion. We argue that Predicates of Relevance (PoRs) favour the alternative approach. Predicates of relevance: PoRs, which include care, matter, and relevant, are compatible with both declarative and interrogative complements, as illustrated in (2). (2) a. Abed cares which girl left. interrogative embedding b. Abed cares that Annie left. declarative embedding We observe two problems that examples like (2) pose for the standard theory. -
A Wikipedia Reader
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Critical point of view: a Wikipedia reader Lovink, G.; Tkacz, N. Publication date 2011 Document Version Final published version Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Lovink, G., & Tkacz, N. (2011). Critical point of view: a Wikipedia reader. (INC reader; No. 7). Institute of Network Cultures. http://www.networkcultures.org/_uploads/%237reader_Wikipedia.pdf General rights It is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), other than for strictly personal, individual use, unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Disclaimer/Complaints regulations If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: https://uba.uva.nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible. UvA-DARE is a service provided by the library of the University of Amsterdam (https://dare.uva.nl) Download date:05 Oct 2021 w ikipedia pedai p edia p Wiki CRITICAL POINT OF VIEW A Wikipedia Reader 2 CRITICAL POINT OF VIEW A Wikipedia Reader CRITICAL POINT OF VIEW 3 Critical Point of View: A Wikipedia Reader Editors: Geert Lovink -
Helper Scripts for Wikipedia Editors
Masaryk University Faculty of Informatics Helper scripts for Wikipedia editors Bachelor’s Thesis Šimon Baláž Brno, Spring 2017 Masaryk University Faculty of Informatics Helper scripts for Wikipedia editors Bachelor’s Thesis Šimon Baláž Brno, Spring 2017 Declaration Hereby I declare that this paper is my original authorial work, which I have worked out on my own. All sources, references, and literature used or excerpted during elaboration of this work are properly cited and listed in complete reference to the due source. Šimon Baláž Advisor: Mgr. et Mgr. Vít Baisa Ph.D. i Acknowledgement I would like to thank my advisor, Mgr. et Mgr. Vít Baisa, Ph.D. for his guidance, patience and helpful advice during the solution of this thesis. iii Abstract This thesis is focused on the creation of several scripts that aim to enhance the development of Wikipedia and to facilitate the work of its editors. These scripts are designed to search for articles based on specified conditions, create various statistics, compare articles in different language versions, validate articles and check the hierarchy of categories. An important characteristic of scripts on Wikipedia is that they do not change the articles or categories they work with, but, depending on the pre-defined conditions, they process the necessary data that is later displayed to the user. Due to the size of Wikipedia, it is possible to specify the articles to be worked on and to limit the number of articles and results. All scripts should work on any language version of Wikipedia, even though their design has been focused especially on the English version.