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UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL PAULISTA Instituto De Geociências E Ciências Exatas Campus De Rio Claro UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL PAULISTA Instituto de Geociências e Ciências Exatas Campus de Rio Claro KLEYTON VINICYUS GODOY UM ESTUDO DO PROCESSO DE RECONHECIMENTO HISTÓRICO: O CASO DE ARTHUR CAYLEY Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada ao Instituto de Geociências e Ciências Exatas do Campus de Rio Claro, da Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, com parte dos requisitos para obtenção do título de Mestre em Educação Matemática. Orientador: Profa. Dra. Adriana Cesar de Mattos Apoio: FAPESP. Processo nº 2011/05133-3 Rio Claro - SP 2013 KLEYTON VINICYUS GODOY UM ESTUDO DO PROCESSO DE RECONHECIMENTO HISTÓRICO: O CASO DE ARTHUR CAYLEY Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada ao Instituto de Geociências e Ciências Exatas do Campus de Rio Claro, da Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, com parte dos requisitos para obtenção do título de Mestre em Educação Matemática. Apoio: FAPESP. Processo nº 2011/05133-3 Comissão Examinadora Profa. Dra. Adriana Cesar de Mattos – Orientadora – IGCE-UNESP-Rio Claro-SP Prof. Dr. Marcos Vieira Teixeira – IGCE-UNESP-Rio Claro-SP Prof. Dr. Oscar João Abdounur – IME-USP-São Paulo-SP Profa. Dra. Arlete de Jesus Brito (Suplente) – IB-UNESP-Rio Claro-SP Prof. Dr. Wagner Rodrigues Valente (Suplente) – UNIFESP-Guarulhos-SP Resultado: Aprovado Rio Claro, SP 15 de Outubro de 2013 AGRADECIMENTOS Meus agradecimentos vão a todos aqueles que contribuíram diretamente ou indiretamente para a realização dessa dissertação. Dessa forma, não poderia deixar de agradecer: A minha orientadora Profa. Dra. Adriana Cesar de Mattos pela confiança, orientações, materiais para desenvolvimento da pesquisa, apoio e estímulo para a realização dessa dissertação. Aos meus pais Maria Ester Nardon Godoy e Antônio Carlos Tadeu Godoy por todo apoio, carinho e estímulo que me deram para a finalização desse trabalho. Ao meu amigo Nilson Diego de Alcântara Santos pela grande parceria no decorrer da elaboração dessa dissertação e nas tentativas e resultados que obtivemos em relação a buscarmos entendermos os cálculos na Teoria dos Quânticos. Minha grande amiga piracicabana Maria Teresa Zampieiri, por me ajudar na transcrição de dois pareceres em relação às memórias de Arthur Cayley. Ao professor Dr. Marcos Vieira Teixeira pelo empréstimo de alguns materiais que contribuíram na realização deste trabalho e também pelas discussões ocorridas durante as Reuniões do Grupo de História da Matemática. Além dos seus apontamentos e sugestões no Exame de Qualificação. Ao professor Dr. Oscar João Abdounur, pelas contribuições e colocações apresentadas durante o Exame de Qualificação dessa dissertação, e também, por me dar um grande suporte quando fui apresentar um trabalho resultado dessa dissertação em um evento nos Estados Unidos. Aos professores Dr. Wagner Rodrigues Valente e Dra. Arlete de Jesus Brito por aceitarem participar como Suplentes deste trabalho. Aos professores, Henrique Lazari, Romulo Campos Lins, Rosana Giaretta Sguerra Miskulin, Adriana Cesar de Mattos, Maria Lúcia Wodewotzky, Claudemir Murari e Sueli Javaroni, pelos ensinamentos no decorrer das disciplinas ministradas que cursei. Aos professores Marcelo Borba, Marcus Maltempi, Miriam Penteado, Roger Miarka, Arlete de Jesus Brito e Heloísa da Silva, Carina Alves pela ajuda em atividades desenvolvidas e relacionadas ao programa durante esse período. Aos funcionários do Departamento de Matemática Hugo, Elisa, Ana e José Ricardo que sempre foram atenciosos quando lhes solicitei alguma ajuda. A secretária do Programa de Pós-Graduação Inajara, pela ajuda em diversos momentos em que foi solicitada. Aos professores Ms. Gustavo Barbosa e Ms. Joana D´Arc da Silva por depositarem sua confiança em mim e terem enviado cartas de recomendação para o meu ingresso no programa. To Clive Kanes and Tony Crilly, for their essential contributions to this research. A profa. Dra. Luciana Zanardi, pelos comentários e sugestões para o desenvolvimento dessa dissertação durante a I Atividade Inaugural de 2012 do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Matemática. To my friend Bradley, we met at the event History of Science Society Annual Meeting 2012, and since then we have exchanged information about our studies. Aos meus amigos e colegas do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Matemática. Em especial: Elmha Coelho, Adriel Gonçalves Oliveira, Maria Teresa Zampieri, Zaqueu Bueno, Juliana Martins, Viviane Oliveira, Sandra Villas Boas, Luana Oliveira Sampaio, Ormil Alves, Silvana Matucheski, Miliam Juliana Ferreira, Bruno Henrique Labriola, Simone Queiroz, Amanda Moura, Lucas Mazzi, Carmen Rosane Pinto Franzon, Vinicius Machacheski, Paulo César Abreu de Farias, Vanessa Benites, Danilo Olímpio, Douglas Alexandre, Andriceli Richit, Rodrigo Rafael Gomes, José Eduardo Ferreira, Jesaías da Silva, Filipe Fernandes, Luciano Lima, Nilson Diego, Flávio Coelho, Jean Toillier, Fabíola de Oliveira, Margarete Farias, Fernanda Rosa, Raquel Milani, Lucieli Trivizolli, entre outros, por terem escutado e contribuído de alguma forma quando me ouviram falar a respeito desse trabalho. Dentre esses alunos citados acima, agradeço de coração aos discentes Elmha, Adriel, Carmen, Juliana, Sandra, Luana, Zaqueu, Maria Teresa e Viviane por todo apoio manifestado nas minhas idas a Rio Claro, e terem contribuído com suas companhias em momentos difíceis, por meio de inúmeros conselhos, durante esse período como aluno da Unesp. Agradeço também aos discentes que me apoiaram durante meu período como representante discente do Curso de Pós-Graduação em Educação Matemática, principalmente os discentes Daise Lago, que foi minha suplente, Michela, Maria Teresa, Andriceli, Margarete, Sérgio Carrazedo, Silvana, José Eduardo, Bruna Both, Marinéia, Juliana Viol, Bruno Missé, Nilton Silveira, Miliam Ferreira, Aparecida Chiari, entre outros, por constantes apoios ou ocuparem funções discentes, minimizando a sobrecarga de tarefas sobre minha pessoa. A Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) pelo financiamento inicial dessa pesquisa. E finalmente agradeço a Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) por ter financiado a maior parte dessa pesquisa. Processo nº 2011/05133-3. “Viver nada mais é que um conjunto de mortes até o óbito do sujeito. Durante a vida, a cada nova experiência morremos e renascemos, de modo que a cada ‘reencarnação’, suprimos aquela deficiência que nos levou a ‘morte’”. (Kleyton Godoy parafraseando Lacan) RESUMO A finalidade desta dissertação é estudar o reconhecimento histórico atribuído ao matemático Arthur Cayley na História da Matemática. Iniciamos este trabalho relatando sua trajetória escolar no King´s College de Londres e Trinity College, em Cambridge. Em 1852, Cayley foi eleito membro da Royal Society of London. Portanto, realizamos um estudo em relação ao seu processo de admissão e do estado da Royal Society of London nesse período. É possível encontrar o nome de Arthur Cayley nos principais mecanismos de reconhecimento matemático da época, portanto, verificamos esse reconhecimento por meio dos pareceres relativos às suas publicações abordando a Teoria dos Invariantes na Philosophical Transactions of Royal Society of London. Fora da Inglaterra, o reconhecimento matemático de Cayley é constatado pelas suas publicações no Crelle (Alemanha), Liouville e Comptes rendus (França). Devido ao seu prestígio, Cayley foi convidado para publicar em revistas matemáticas da Itália e Estados Unidos. O reconhecimento acadêmico de Arthur Cayley é decretado em 1863, quando foi eleito à primeira Cadeira de Professor Sadleirian de Matemática Pura da Universidade de Cambridge. Ao final de tratar essas questões, finalizamos com uma discussão sobre o processo de reconhecimento histórico na Matemática, em especial, o caso de Arthur Cayley. Palavras-chave: Arthur Cayley. Reconhecimento Histórico. Reconhecimento Matemático. Reconhecimento Acadêmico. Royal Society of London. ABSTRACT The aim of this dissertation is to study the historical recognition awarded to the mathematician Arthur Cayley in the History of Mathematics. We started this work reporting their trajectory at King's College London and at Trinity College, Cambridge. In 1852, Cayley was elected Fellow of the Royal Society of London. Therefore, we conducted a study regarding their admissions process and the state of the Royal Society of London in this period. It´s possible find the name of Arthur Cayley in the main recognition mechanisms mathematician of the time, therefore, we see this recognition by means of referees concerning about their publications addressing the Invariant Theory in Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Outside England, the recognition mathematician from Cayley is remarkable for its publications in Crelle (Germany), Liouville and Comptes rendus (France). Because of its prestige, Cayley was invited to publish in mathematical journals from Italy and the United States. The academic recognition of Arthur Cayley is decreed in 1863, when he was elected to the first Sadleirian Chair Professor of Pure Mathematics at Cambridge University. At the end of dealing with these issues, we concluded with a discussion of the process of historical recognition in mathematics, in particular the case of Arthur Cayley. Key-words: Arthur Cayley. Historical Recognition. Mathematical recognition. Academic recognition. Royal Society of London. SUMÁRIO INTRODUÇÃO ................................................................................................. 11 CAPÍTULO 0 – Do arquivo ...........................................................................
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