Writing the History of the Exact Sciences in Nineteenth-Century Rome
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Hubert Kennedy Eight Mathematical Biographies
Hubert Kennedy Eight Mathematical Biographies Peremptory Publications San Francisco 2002 © 2002 by Hubert Kennedy Eight Mathematical Biographies is a Peremptory Publications ebook. It may be freely distributed, but no changes may be made in it. Comments and suggestions are welcome. Please write to [email protected] . 2 Contents Introduction 4 Maria Gaetana Agnesi 5 Cesare Burali-Forti 13 Alessandro Padoa 17 Marc-Antoine Parseval des Chênes 19 Giuseppe Peano 22 Mario Pieri 32 Emil Leon Post 35 Giovanni Vailati 40 3 Introduction When a Dictionary of Scientific Biography was planned, my special research interest was Giuseppe Peano, so I volunteered to write five entries on Peano and his friends/colleagues, whose work I was investigating. (The DSB was published in 14 vol- umes in 1970–76, edited by C. C. Gillispie, New York: Charles Scribner's Sons.) I was later asked to write two more entries: for Parseval and Emil Leon Post. The entry for Post had to be done very quickly, and I could not have finished it without the generous help of one of his relatives. By the time the last of these articles was published in 1976, that for Giovanni Vailati, I had come out publicly as a homosexual and was involved in the gay liberation movement. But my article on Vailati was still discreet. If I had written it later, I would probably have included evidence of his homosexuality. The seven articles for the Dictionary of Scientific Biography have a uniform appear- ance. (The exception is the article on Burali-Forti, which I present here as I originally wrote it—with reference footnotes. -
A History of Classical Archaeology in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries
In Pursuit of Ancient Pasts Stephen L. Dyson In Pursuit of Ancient Pasts A History of Classical Archaeology in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries YALE UNIVERSITY PRESS NEW HAVEN & LONDON Copyright © 2006 by Yale University. All rights reserved. This book may not be reproduced, in whole or in part, including illustrations, in any form (beyond that copying permitted by Sections 107 and 108 of the U.S. Copyright Law and except by reviewers for the public press), without written permission from the publishers. Set in Linotype Fairfi eld by Duke & Company, Devon, Pennsylvania. Printed in the United States of America by Sheridan Books. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Dyson, Stephen L. In pursuit of ancient pasts : a history of classical archaeology in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries / Stephen L. Dyson. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13: 978-0-300-11097-5 (alk. paper) ISBN-10: 0-300-11097-9 (alk. paper) 1. Archaeology—History—19th century. 2. Archaeology—History—20th century. 3. Classical antiquities. 4. Archaeology and history—Mediterranean Region. 5. Mediterranean Region—Antiquities. I. Title. CC100.D97 2006 930.1—dc22 2006017553 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. The paper in this book meets the guidelines for permanence and durability of the Committee on Production Guidelines for Book Longevity of the Council on Library Resources. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 For Abigail Daniel Jacob Jonathan Peter Simona Contents Preface ix Acknowledgments xv Chapter 1. The Protohistory of Classical Archaeology 1 Chapter 2. The Foundations of Classical Archaeology 20 Chapter 3. -
Numismatics—An Ancient Science
conttributions from The Museum of History AxVd Technologv: Paper 32 Numismatics—an Ancient Science A Survey of its History EIvn\i EIr\j CLini-Stcj\t)iiHi INTRODUCTION 2 evolution ol- a sciknch .3 beginnings oe coin coi.i.ec'l'inc s middle aces and early renaissance ii renaissan(.:e and CINQLECENTO I5 SEN'ENTEENTH CEN lEIRV 22 EICHIEENTH CENTURY 25 EARLY NINETEENTH CENTURY 34 -11 MODERN TRENDS AND ACCOMI'LISI I M EN TS NUMISMAITCS IN HIE UNI I ED STATES 60 LITERATURE CITED 6S NUMISMATICS-AN ANCIENT SCIENCE A Survey of its History By Elvira EUt^i Clain-Stefaiielli INTRODUCTION This study has been prompted l)y the author's within specific areas. Citations of their books and observation that many people resjard nuinismaties articles are given in shortened form in the footnotes, simply as coin coUectins;, a pleasant hobby for young- willi full references appearing at the end of the paper. sters or retired persons. The holder of siicii a view- Because coin collections have supplied the raw point is unaware of the sco[)e and accomplishments of material for much in\estigation, the histories of some a historical investi<;ation that traces cultural evolution of the major private and public collections also have throus^h one of the basic aspects of everyday human been included in this survey. life: money. Seen as a reflection of past aspirations In my research, I have had an excellent guide in and accomplishments, coins are invaluable sources Ernest Babelon's chapter "l.a nutnismati(]ue et son for scholarly research, but few people are aware of histoire," published in 1901 as part of the first volume the tremendous amount of work done in this field by of his Trailf des monnaies grecques et romaines: Theorie past generations. -
Epigraphical Research and Historical Scholarship, 1530-1603
Epigraphical Research and Historical Scholarship, 1530-1603 William Stenhouse University College London A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements of the Ph.D degree, December 2001 ProQuest Number: 10014364 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest. ProQuest 10014364 Published by ProQuest LLC(2016). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 Abstract This thesis explores the transmission of information about classical inscriptions and their use in historical scholarship between 1530 and 1603. It aims to demonstrate that antiquarians' approach to one form of material non-narrative evidence for the ancient world reveals a developed sense of history, and that this approach can be seen as part of a more general interest in expanding the subject matter of history and the range of sources with which it was examined. It examines the milieu of the men who studied inscriptions, arguing that the training and intellectual networks of these men, as well as the need to secure patronage and the constraints of printing, were determining factors in the scholarship they undertook. It then considers the first collections of inscriptions that aimed at a comprehensive survey, and the systems of classification within these collections, to show that these allowed scholars to produce lists and series of features in the ancient world; the conventions used to record inscriptions and what scholars meant by an accurate transcription; and how these conclusions can influence our attitude to men who reconstructed or forged classical material in this period. -
Levi-Civita,Tullio Francesco Dell’Isola, Emilio Barchiesi, Luca Placidi
Levi-Civita,Tullio Francesco Dell’Isola, Emilio Barchiesi, Luca Placidi To cite this version: Francesco Dell’Isola, Emilio Barchiesi, Luca Placidi. Levi-Civita,Tullio. Encyclopedia of Continuum Mechanics, 2019, 11 p. hal-02099661 HAL Id: hal-02099661 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02099661 Submitted on 15 Apr 2019 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. 2 Levi-Civita, Tullio dating back to the fourteenth century. Giacomo the publication of one of his best known results Levi-Civita had also been a counselor of the in the field of analytical mechanics. We refer to municipality of Padua from 1877, the mayor of the Memoir “On the transformations of dynamic Padua between 1904 and 1910, and a senator equations” which, due to the importance of the of the Kingdom of Italy since 1908. A bust of results and the originality of the proceedings, as him by the Paduan sculptor Augusto Sanavio well as to its possible further developments, has has been placed in the council chamber of the remained a classical paper. In 1897, being only municipality of Padua after his death. According 24, Levi-Civita became in Padua full professor to Ugo Amaldi, Tullio Levi-Civita drew from in rational mechanics, a discipline to which he his father firmness of character, tenacity, and his made important scientific original contributions. -
The Project Gutenberg Ebook #31061: a History of Mathematics
The Project Gutenberg EBook of A History of Mathematics, by Florian Cajori This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org Title: A History of Mathematics Author: Florian Cajori Release Date: January 24, 2010 [EBook #31061] Language: English Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 *** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK A HISTORY OF MATHEMATICS *** Produced by Andrew D. Hwang, Peter Vachuska, Carl Hudkins and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net transcriber's note Figures may have been moved with respect to the surrounding text. Minor typographical corrections and presentational changes have been made without comment. This PDF file is formatted for screen viewing, but may be easily formatted for printing. Please consult the preamble of the LATEX source file for instructions. A HISTORY OF MATHEMATICS A HISTORY OF MATHEMATICS BY FLORIAN CAJORI, Ph.D. Formerly Professor of Applied Mathematics in the Tulane University of Louisiana; now Professor of Physics in Colorado College \I am sure that no subject loses more than mathematics by any attempt to dissociate it from its history."|J. W. L. Glaisher New York THE MACMILLAN COMPANY LONDON: MACMILLAN & CO., Ltd. 1909 All rights reserved Copyright, 1893, By MACMILLAN AND CO. Set up and electrotyped January, 1894. Reprinted March, 1895; October, 1897; November, 1901; January, 1906; July, 1909. Norwood Pre&: J. S. Cushing & Co.|Berwick & Smith. -
Testo Completo
Università degli Studi di Ferrara DOTTORATO DI RICERCA IN "MATEMATICA E INFORMATICA" CICLO XXVI COORDINATORE Prof. Mella Massimiliano L’INTERNAZIONALIZZAZIONE DEGLI STUDI MATEMATICI IN ITALIA A METÀ OTTOCENTO Settore Scientifico Disciplinare MAT / 04 Dottorando Tutore Dott. Nagliati Iolanda Prof. Borgato Maria Teresa ________________________ ___________________________ (firma) (firma) Anni 2011/2013 1 1 L’internazionalizzazione degli studi matematici in Italia a metà Ottocento Introduction p. 3 Introduzione 17 L’internazionalizzazione degli studi 21 I rapporti di Betti con studiosi stranieri: temi delle lettere Corrispondenti stranieri di Brioschi Corrispondenti stranieri di Tardy La situazione degli esuli: Mossotti da Corfù a Pisa 43 Il ritorno dall’esilio I primi anni dell’attività a Pisa e i rapporti con Betti Vicende politiche, organizzazione degli studi e della ricerca nella corrispondenza tra Brioschi e Tardy 59 L’organizzazione degli studi superiori Gli “Annali” Le equazioni algebriche di quinto grado 73 La teoria degli invarianti 81 Ricerche sui differenziali ad indice fratto 99 Le riviste scientifiche toscane nell’Ottocento 109 Documenti: Lettere di Giorgini a Mossotti 127 Lettere di Mossotti a Tardy 135 Lettere di Mossotti a Betti 139 Carteggio Brioschi-Tardy 191 Lettere a Betti di studiosi stranieri 285 Lettere a Tardy di studiosi stranieri 342 Lettere a Brioschi di studiosi stranieri 369 Bibliografia 371 1 2 Introduction The past few decades have seen several studies carried out by historians of mathematics on mathematics in the post unification period in Italy, further interest being recently stimulated by the celebration of 150 years since the Unification of Italy; this moment brought about a period of renewal of structures and infrastructures suitable for the new state, a sort of modernisation of the economy, which, at the same time, required a new institutional organisation on a national level for the scientific community, to carry on the work already started in the previous decades by single states, like Piedmont and the Grand Duchy of Tuscany. -
Paul Mansion and the Scientific Approach of Randomness Laurent Mazliak
What would be Belgium without probability and probability without Belgium ? Paul Mansion and the scientific approach of randomness Laurent Mazliak To cite this version: Laurent Mazliak. What would be Belgium without probability and probability without Belgium ? Paul Mansion and the scientific approach of randomness. 2019. hal-02044340 HAL Id: hal-02044340 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02044340 Preprint submitted on 21 Feb 2019 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. 1 What would be Belgium without probability and probability without Belgium ? Paul Mansion and the scientific approach of randomness 1 Laurent Mazliak Abstract The present paper studies how the Belgian mathematician Paul Mansion became interested in probability theory. The Belgian mathematical environment, in which probability was present more than in many other countries at the same time appears to have been favorable but also the fact that Mansion, a declared and militant Catholic, found in probability a source of reflection about determinism and randomness in the context of the “modernist crisis” in the Church. Mansion’s activity developed on the background of the scholar wars and the foundation of Catholic institutions such as the Institute for philosophy in Louvain, of the consolidation of mathematical education in Belgium as well as of a new interest for probabilistic results in science. -
History and the History of Science in the Work of Hendrik De
History and t!" history of s$i"n$" in t!" %or& of H"ndri& '" (an CHRI)T*+H,-.,RBR/GG,N1 L"$t0r"r 1 /ni2"rsit"it G"nt L,3I) +4,N)*N 55555555555555555555555555555555555555555 +ro#"ssor 1 3"st"rn (i$!i6an /ni2"rsity H"ndri& '" (an 71885-1953) is r":":;"r" as one of t!" :ost si6ni#i$ant innovators in t!" (arxist tra ition 0ring t!" int"r%ar period. =n ind"#ati6a;>" and %i ">y tra2">>" t!"or"ti$ian, !" ":"r6" as a :a?or politi$a> >"a "r in t!" 1930s and t!"n ;"$a:" ;"st &nown #or his a$$om:odation %it! t!" G"r:an oc$upi"r during t!" )"$ond 3or> 3ar. '" (an's int">>"$tua> and po>iti$a> in#>0"nc" spr"a #ar ;"yond t!" bor "rs o# !is nati2" B">6i0:. His $ordia> r">ations!ip %it! t!" historian H"nri +ir"nn" 71862-1935) has ;""n obs"r2"d. Inde"d, '" (an %as one of +ir"nne@s :ost bri>>iant pupi>s. '" (an's $onne$tion %it! s$holars a>so "xt"nde to historian of s$i"nc" G"or6" )arton 71884-1956). In t!" #ol>owing pa6"s, %" dis$uss %hat-'" (an dr"%-#rom bot!-+ir"nn" and-)arton. H"nri +ir"nne, by 2irt0" of his socia> and "$onomi$ history 1 %hi$! >" dir"$t>y into (ar$ B>oc! and L0$i"n B";2r"@s Annales 1 provi " a :a?or int">>"$tua> i:petus #or t!" dis$ip>in" of history as it is pra$ti$" today 7Lyon C Lyon, 1991). -
A Calendar of Mathematical Dates January
A CALENDAR OF MATHEMATICAL DATES V. Frederick Rickey Department of Mathematical Sciences United States Military Academy West Point, NY 10996-1786 USA Email: fred-rickey @ usma.edu JANUARY 1 January 4713 B.C. This is Julian day 1 and begins at noon Greenwich or Universal Time (U.T.). It provides a convenient way to keep track of the number of days between events. Noon, January 1, 1984, begins Julian Day 2,445,336. For the use of the Chinese remainder theorem in determining this date, see American Journal of Physics, 49(1981), 658{661. 46 B.C. The first day of the first year of the Julian calendar. It remained in effect until October 4, 1582. The previous year, \the last year of confusion," was the longest year on record|it contained 445 days. [Encyclopedia Brittanica, 13th edition, vol. 4, p. 990] 1618 La Salle's expedition reached the present site of Peoria, Illinois, birthplace of the author of this calendar. 1800 Cauchy's father was elected Secretary of the Senate in France. The young Cauchy used a corner of his father's office in Luxembourg Palace for his own desk. LaGrange and Laplace frequently stopped in on business and so took an interest in the boys mathematical talent. One day, in the presence of numerous dignitaries, Lagrange pointed to the young Cauchy and said \You see that little young man? Well! He will supplant all of us in so far as we are mathematicians." [E. T. Bell, Men of Mathematics, p. 274] 1801 Giuseppe Piazzi (1746{1826) discovered the first asteroid, Ceres, but lost it in the sun 41 days later, after only a few observations. -
Mathematical Schools and National Identity 16Th-20Th Century Scuole Matematiche E Identità Nazionale XVI-XX Sec
Mathematical Schools and National Identity 16th-20th century Scuole matematiche e identità nazionale XVI-XX sec. Torino 10-11-12 ottobre 2013, Sala Principi d’Acaja University of Torino, Rettorato, via G. Verdi 8 – via Po 17, Torino Thursday 10 October 2013 Giovedì 10 ottobre 2013, ore 9-13 Mathematical Schools in Italy, three case studies CLARA SILVIA ROERO Dipartimento di Matematica ‘G. Peano’, Università di Torino [email protected] Three case studies of Italian mathematical Schools in 18th and 19th centuries can show the features and the strategies put into effect by the mathematicians in organising, enhancing and spreading research and transmission of mathematical knowledge and the possible links with a national cultural identity, despite of the political disunity of states (before 17 March 1861). The first case is the ‘School’ of the Riccatis, above all of the Count Jacopo (1676-1754), and of his sons Giordano (1709-1790) and Vincenzo (1707-1775). Riccati, Fagnani, Manfredi and some others became authoritative mathematicians in Italian community, thanks to the journals printed in Venice (Giornale de’ letterati d’Italia 1710-1740, Supplementi al Giornale de’ letterati d’Italia 1722-1726 and Raccolta di opuscoli scientifici e filologici 1728-1757). That circle of scientists, journalists and scholars succeeded in betting on the Italian language, the Galileian tradition, the acknowledgement of the worth of the Leibnizian and Newtonian methods and theories, the benefit of self-reviews of valuable treatises, self-biographies and eulogies of great intellectuals, the solidarity in the responses to unjust attacks and the attention to a broad public. The legacy in Italian scientific culture was immense and allowed the raise of the level of scientific instruction. -
The D'alembert Paradox, 1900
1 The d’Alembert Paradox, 1900-1914: Levi-Civita and his Italian and French Followers Rossana Tazzioli Université de Lille 1, Sciences et Technologies UFR de Mathématiques, Laboratoire Paul Painlevé Cité Scientifique 59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq Cedex (France) Tel. 06 29 12 33 50 e-mail address: [email protected] Abstract Before the First World War, Tullio Levi-Civita (1873-1941) was already a well-known mathematician in ItalY and abroad, in particular in France. Professor at the UniversitY of Padua since 1898, he had published important contributions to tensor calculus, theory of relativity, differential GeometrY, hYdrodYnamics, and the three-bodY problem. In 1918, when he moved to the University of Rome, he engaged himself in creatinG an international school of mathematics. In this paper, we focus on d’Alembert’s paradox to which Levi- Civita and some of his Italian and French followers contributed remarkable solutions. This case-study is used to illustrate Levi-Civita’s approach to hYdrodYnamics and its influence in ItalY and France, especially in the period 1910-1914. Key-words Tullio Levi-Civita, Henri Villat, d’Alembert’s paradox, hYdrodYnamics 1. Introduction Since ancient times it had been known that a certain resistance is opposed to a bodY movinG in a fluid. However, in 1768 Jean le Rond d’Alembert published a treatise entitled “Paradoxe proposé aux Géomètres sur la résistance des fluides” in which for incompressible and inviscid potential flow he obtained the result of zero drag on head-tail sYmmetric two-dimensional bodies movinG with constant velocity relative to the fluid.1 The contradiction to experimental 1 See [1] Appendix A for a modern statement of the d’Alembert paradox.