DOCSLIB.ORG

Abstracts-ESHS-Barcelona-2010

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Abstracts-ESHS-Barcelona-2010 Book of Abstracts Page 1 PL Plenary Lectures Coordinated by the Conference program committe Chaired by [N/A] Conference Presentation Ceremony Ibn al-Zarqalluh's Astronomical Doctrines on Both Sides of the Mediterranean Julio Samsó University of Barcelona, SPAIN Science and the Eastern Orthodox Church during the 17th-19th Centuries Efthymios Nicolaidis National Hellenic Research Foundation, GREECE Scientific Objects and Scientific Identity of a City. Prague as a 'Chemical City' Sona Strbanova Academy of Sciences, Prague, CZECH REP. Page 2 S01 The Different Historiographies of Science. Their Advantages and Shortcomings Coordinated by Michal Kokowski (Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland) Raffaele Pisano (Université de Nantes, France) Hayo Siemsen (Ernst Mach Institute for Philosophy of Science, Germany) Chaired by Michal Kokowski (Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland) The history of science and related branches of knowledge, such as the philosophy of science and the sociology of scientific knowledge, have been developing dynamically in many countries throughout the world for many years. These branches interact with one another. As a consequence, there are various approaches to the history of science, different methods of researching the history of science and of writing about it, based on different combinations of internal and external factors. Finally, there is a wide spectrum of different interpretations of the history of science, which includes a number of different historiographies of science, such as: -the positivistic historiography of science, which we may define as the Whewellian, Tannerian, Machian, Sartonian, Conantian, Duhemian, Crombian, ..., historiography, -the historiography of science written from the point of view of the historiography of ideas, which we may define as the Lovejoyan, Koyrian, ..., -the philosophical historiography of science, which we may define as the Popperian, Kuhnian, Lakatosian, Feyerabendian, ..., -the external, social, sociological, or socio-political historiography of science, which we may define as the Marxian (Hessen’s, Bernal’s), Bloorian – Barnesian – Shapinian (The Strong Programme in Sociology of Scientific Knowledge), Collinian (The Empirical Programme of Relativism), Latourian – Woolgarian – Knorr-Cettinanian (Ethno-methodological Approach), Callonian – Latourian (Actor-Network Theory), -the cultural historiography of science or the socio-cultural historiography of science (which is the historiography of science written from the point of view of cultural studies of science) – see Dear (1995), -the whig and prig historiographies of science – see Russell (1984), Harrison (1987), Hughes (1997), -the modernist and contextual historiographies of science – see Brush (2007), -the postmodernist historiography of science (propagated by “Postmodernists”, but criticised severely by the “Friends of science” in the quarrel of the 1990s called the “Science wars”) – see: Sokal & Bricmont (1997), Sokal (2007), -the rhetorical historiography of science, which we may define as Prellian, Grossian, Dearian, Woolgarian, and Mossian – see: Haris (ed.) (1997), Fahnestock (2008), -the objective historiography of science (recorded in text-books as a list of data along with the corresponding mathematical laws, and taught through its techniques and objective concepts), the subjective historiography of science (that is the history of the thoughts and experiences of the scientists), and the effective historiography of science (that is the historiography (a) of epistemic concepts, (b) of the objects of scientific inquiry, and (c) of the dynamics of the scientific developments, as they can be extracted from an analysis of scientific texts or practices) – see: Hacking (1992), (2002), Sturm, Feest (2008), Pisano, Gaudielo (2009) fn. 22–23, Kusch (2009). The great diversity of approaches to the study of the history of science brings about both positive and negative consequences to research in this branch of knowledge – both profits and losses, so to speak. On the one hand, the plurality of attitudes can create new promising perspectives in research, when, for example, such approaches are complementary to each other. On the other hand, however, it can be very destructive to research, because it allows for instances of relativism, overspecialization, or for the ignorance of authors and propagators of falsely based assumptions (that, nevertheless, have great influence on the broad public). In this context, many questions arise regarding the fundamental issues in cultivating the history of science and teaching about this branch of knowledge today. It is worth discussing these issues in detail. The Different Strategies in the Historiography of Science. Tensions between Professional Research and Postmodern Ignorance Michal Kokowski Institute for the History of Science, Polish Academy of Sciences, POLAND The history of science, as a branch of knowledge, is a discipline of two countenances. On the one hand, as a kind of history, it is one of the humanistic disciplines. As this type of discipline it interacts with the other humanistic disciplines, such as general history, the methodology of history, philosophy (including epistemology, methodology, rhetorics, ...), sociology, the theory of literature, the theory of cognition, etc. Moreover, the history of science is one of the branches of knowledge called sciences studies or the science of science, which also include the philosophy of science (with epistemology, methodology, rhetorics, ontology, ethics, the theory of values), the sociology of scientific knowledge, and the politics of science. It develops in strict relationships with them. On the other hand, as a kind of reflection on science, the history of science interacts with science itself (or speaking precisely with particular sciences themselves) also. Such a dual nature of the history of science lays the groundwork for the various approaches to this branch of knowledge, the different methods of researching the history of science and of writing about it, based on different combinations of the so-called internal and external factors. As a consequence, we observe the existence of a wide spectrum of different interpretations of the history of science. The spectrum mentioned extends from a detailed, professional case study approach, to the ignorant postmodern approach. This paper will develop the issues sketched. Page 3 Towards a Classification of Approaches to the History of Science Bart Karstens Ma Institute of Philosophy, University of Leiden, THE NETHERLANDS Over the years a great abundance of approaches to the history of science has emerged. Historians have focused on a variety of subjects ranging from scientific ideas and their epistemological content, scientific practice, to socio-cultural contexts in which science operates or, upon another view, of which science is simply part. The many perspectives show how rich the field of inquiry is with each new view contributing to our understanding of science as a whole. Still we may wonder if all these perspectives are really complementary. Various debates in which the writing of ‘proper’ history of science was at stake show that there is no consensus on this matter among historians. In my paper I want to contribute to the discussion by offering a classification of the approaches to the history of science. The classification is based on two ideas. First it lists all the factors that have been said to play a role in past science. These include natural factors (or the world), cognitive factors, socio- cultural factors and personal factors. Second, borrowing an idea from Ian Hacking, with respect to each factor one or more ‘sticking points’ are formulated. Choices made with respect to these factors yield the respective historiographical approaches. With this model in hand I want to discuss three further topics. First, the enterprise started out as descriptive work. However we may wonder if the resulting classification is also prescriptive, i.e. if it generates all positions towards the history of science one can possibly hold. Second, one of the leading ideas behind the model is that, although claiming the right way to depicture science, each approach is nonetheless unstable and therefore ‘triggers’ a subsequent approach. Third, ‘the circulation of knowledge’, as one of the most recent approaches to the history of science, can also be seen in this light. It is a reply to problems experienced within the dominant localist approach to past science. However ‘the circulation of knowledge’ brings its own problems. These problems will be addressed in light of the proposed classification. Epistemological Aspects of the Historiography of Science in Greece Constantine Skordoulis National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, GREECE This paper examines the controversial epistemological aspects of the course of development of the discipline of History of science in Greece during the 20th century. Starting with the work of the first Professor of History of Science, Michael Stefanidis, appointed in the University of Athens in the beginning of the 20th century, this paper examines the transition from a discipline of History of Science dominated by the “admiration of the ancients” and the attempt to establish the continuity of Greek Science from the ancients onwards up to the last decades of the 20th century when a new generation of Historians of Science, which appears on the scene in the late 1970s, originating politically from the left prevailed in the cultural life of Greece. This new
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Second Rapport Intermédiaire
    Compte-rendu intermédiaire 01/04/2016-31/03/2107 Projet ANR- AA-PPPP-000 Cirmath Circulations des mathématiques dans et par les journaux : histoire, territoires et publics Programme xxxxx 200x A IDENTIFICATION ................................................................ 3 B LIVRABLES ET JALONS ......................................................... 4 C RAPPORT D’AVANCEMENT SUR LA PERIODE CONCERNEE (01/04/16- 31/03/17) .................................................................... 6 C.1 Description des travaux effectués ............................................. 6 C.1.1 Rappel : Une présentation rapide du programme de recherche de Cirmath 6 C.1.2 Le séminaire Cirmath 7 C.1.3 Les colloques Cirmath 7 C.1.4 La base de données des journaux mathématiques - Cirmath-data 8 C.1.5 Conclusion 11 C.2 Résultats marquants (si applicable) ........................................ 11 C.3 Réunions du consortium (si applicable) ................................... 11 C.4 Commentaires libres............................................................. 12 D IMPACT DU PROJET DEPUIS LE DEBUT ...................................... 13 D.1 Indicateurs d’impact ............................................................. 13 D.2 Liste des publications et communications ................................ 14 Référence du formulaire : ANR-FORM-090601-02-01 D.2.1 Liste des publications et communications directement liées au projet Cirmath. 14 D.2.2 Liste des publications et communications des membres du projet Cirmath ayant trait à la thématique de la circulation
    [Show full text]
  • Cambridge Companion Shakespeare on Film
    This page intentionally left blank Film adaptations of Shakespeare’s plays are increasingly popular and now figure prominently in the study of his work and its reception. This lively Companion is a collection of critical and historical essays on the films adapted from, and inspired by, Shakespeare’s plays. An international team of leading scholars discuss Shakespearean films from a variety of perspectives:as works of art in their own right; as products of the international movie industry; in terms of cinematic and theatrical genres; and as the work of particular directors from Laurence Olivier and Orson Welles to Franco Zeffirelli and Kenneth Branagh. They also consider specific issues such as the portrayal of Shakespeare’s women and the supernatural. The emphasis is on feature films for cinema, rather than television, with strong cov- erage of Hamlet, Richard III, Macbeth, King Lear and Romeo and Juliet. A guide to further reading and a useful filmography are also provided. Russell Jackson is Reader in Shakespeare Studies and Deputy Director of the Shakespeare Institute, University of Birmingham. He has worked as a textual adviser on several feature films including Shakespeare in Love and Kenneth Branagh’s Henry V, Much Ado About Nothing, Hamlet and Love’s Labour’s Lost. He is co-editor of Shakespeare: An Illustrated Stage History (1996) and two volumes in the Players of Shakespeare series. He has also edited Oscar Wilde’s plays. THE CAMBRIDGE COMPANION TO SHAKESPEARE ON FILM CAMBRIDGE COMPANIONS TO LITERATURE The Cambridge Companion to Old English The Cambridge Companion to William Literature Faulkner edited by Malcolm Godden and Michael edited by Philip M.
    [Show full text]
  • February, 2010 Kevin J. Mckenna EDUCATION
    February, 2010 Kevin J. McKenna EDUCATION: Ph.D. Degree 1977, University of Colorado: Slavic Languages and Literatures M.A. Degree 1971, University of Colorado: Russian Literature B.A. Degree 1970, Oklahoma State University (OSU): Humanities NDEA Intensive Slavic Language Institutes at the University of Kansas and Leningrad State University, 1968, 1969, 1970 Dissertation Title: Catherine the Great's ‘Vsiakaia Vsiachina’ and The ‘Spectator’ Tradition of the Satirical Journal of Morals and Manners RESEARCH GRANTS, FELLOWSHIPS, AWARDS: Consultant and collaborator to U.S. Department of Education/Department of State grant to develop a nationwide portfolio project for High School through College Critical Foreign Language Programs in Arabic, Chinese and Russian (2009-2013) Consultant and collaborator to U.S. Department of Education Title VI National Resource Center grant proposal to promote and strengthen international studies-based curricula in higher education (PI Professor Ned McMahon) Recipient of the Robert V. Daniels Award for Outstanding Contributions to the Field of International Studies, May 7, 2009 Nominee for Kroepsch-Maurice Outstanding Teacher Award, 2009/2010 U.S. State Department grant ($350,000.00) “Karelia/Vermont Sustainable Development Partnership, 2007-2010.” Co-Principal Investigator with Prof. Pat Stokowski. Named as UVM Woodrow Wilson Fellow for "Scholars as Teachers," 2000-2001 Named as UVM Service-Learning Faculty Fellow, 2000-2001 2 RESEARCH GRANTS, FELLOWSHIPS, AWARDS: (continued) Principal Investigator for Department
    [Show full text]
  • EUROPEAN MATHEMATICAL SOCIETY EDITOR-IN-CHIEF ROBIN WILSON Department of Pure Mathematics the Open University Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK E-Mail: [email protected]
    CONTENTS EDITORIAL TEAM EUROPEAN MATHEMATICAL SOCIETY EDITOR-IN-CHIEF ROBIN WILSON Department of Pure Mathematics The Open University Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK e-mail: [email protected] ASSOCIATE EDITORS VASILE BERINDE Department of Mathematics, University of Baia Mare, Romania e-mail: [email protected] NEWSLETTER No. 47 KRZYSZTOF CIESIELSKI Mathematics Institute March 2003 Jagiellonian University Reymonta 4 EMS Agenda ................................................................................................. 2 30-059 Kraków, Poland e-mail: [email protected] Editorial by Sir John Kingman .................................................................... 3 STEEN MARKVORSEN Department of Mathematics Executive Committee Meeting ....................................................................... 4 Technical University of Denmark Building 303 Introducing the Committee ............................................................................ 7 DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark e-mail: [email protected] An Answer to the Growth of Mathematical Knowledge? ............................... 9 SPECIALIST EDITORS Interview with Vagn Lundsgaard Hansen .................................................. 15 INTERVIEWS Steen Markvorsen [address as above] Interview with D V Anosov .......................................................................... 20 SOCIETIES Krzysztof Ciesielski [address as above] Israel Mathematical Union ......................................................................... 25 EDUCATION Tony Gardiner
    [Show full text]
  • April, 2016 Kevin J. Mckenna EDUCATION
    April, 2016 Kevin J. McKenna EDUCATION: Ph.D. Degree 1977, University of Colorado: Slavic Languages and Literatures M.A. Degree 1971, University of Colorado: Russian Literature B.A. Degree 1970, Oklahoma State University (OSU): Humanities NDEA Intensive Slavic Language Institutes at the University of Kansas and Leningrad State University, 1968, 1969, 1970 Dissertation Title: Catherine the Great's ‘Vsiakaia Vsiachina’ and The ‘Spectator’ Tradition of the Satirical Journal of Morals and Manners RESEARCH GRANTS, FELLOWSHIPS, AWARDS: Recipient of Lattie F. Coor Endowment grant for travel expenses to St. Petersburg, Russia to deliver a an invited paper at the Academy of Sciences International Meeting devoted to the 750th anniversary of the death of Alexander Nevsky: “Дидактическая роль русских пословиц и поговорок в фильме Алексангдр Невский Сергея Эйзенштейна.” Recipient of Lattie F. Coor Faculty Development Award ($2,500.) to conduct research on my book: The Role of the Russian Proverb in Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn’s Fictional and Publicistic Writing Named a Solzhenitsyn Fellow at the Solzhenitsyn Museum/Archives, Moscow (2011- 2012) Invited Keynote Speaker to speak on research for my Solzhenitsyn book at Samara State University (Samara, Russia) at a Conference on the Moral Basis of the Development of Contemporary Russian Society (February 28th—March 4th, 2011) Consultant and collaborator to U.S. Department of Education/Department of State grant to develop a nationwide portfolio project for High School through College Critical Foreign Language Programs in Arabic, Chinese and Russian (2009-2013) RESEARCH GRANTS, FELLOWSHIPS, AWARDS: (continued) 2 Recipient of the Robert V. Daniels Award for Outstanding Contributions to the Field of International Studies, May 7, 2009 Nominee for Kroepsch-Maurice Outstanding Teacher Award, 2009/2010 U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Vibrant, V10n2 | 2014, « Migration and Exile » [Online], Online Since 07 January 2014, Connection on 23 March 2020
    Vibrant Virtual Brazilian Anthropology v10n2 | 2014 Migration and Exile Electronic version URL: http://journals.openedition.org/vibrant/1464 ISSN: 1809-4341 Publisher Associação Brasileira de Antropologia Electronic reference Vibrant, v10n2 | 2014, « Migration and Exile » [Online], Online since 07 January 2014, connection on 23 March 2020. URL : http://journals.openedition.org/vibrant/1464 This text was automatically generated on 23 March 2020. Vibrant is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Articles All Against Pedophilia Ethnographic notes about a contemporary moral crusada Laura Lowenkron In and Around Life Biopolitics in the Tropics Pedro Paulo Gomes Pereira Eduardo Mondlane and the social sciences Livio Sansone Dossier: Migration and Exile Foreword Bela Feldman-Bianco, Liliana Sanjurjo, Desirée Azevedo, Douglas Mansur da Silva and Guilherme Mansur Dias Part 1: The Meanings of Immigration in Brazilian History The diverse understandings of foreign migration to the South of Brazil (1818-1950) Giralda Seyferth Immigration and the maintenance of the religious moral order The case of the Ruthenian immigration to Paraná in the late nineteenth century Paulo Renato Guérios Part 2: Immigration, Work and Nationality The Experience of Guestworkers at a United States Tourist Resort Guilherme Mansur Dias Para pensar las redes transnacionales Itinerarios e historias migratorias de los capoeiristas brasileños en Madrid Menara Lube Guizardi Part 3: Deconstructing Exile Portuguese
    [Show full text]
  • HENRI BROCARD (1865) UN INGÉNIEUR SAVANT DU Xixe SIÈCLE
    OCTOBRE 2015 • LA JAUNE ET LA ROUGE 36 PARCOURS TRAJECTOIRES PAULINE ROMERA-LEBRET chercheur associé au Groupe d’histoire et diffusion des sciences d’Orsay (GHDSO) HENRI BROCARD (1865) UN INGÉNIEUR SAVANT DU XIXe SIÈCLE Dans une nécrologie d’Henri Brocard 1, on peut lire que sa curiosité s’étendait « à de nombreux domaines : sciences naturelles, économie rurale, météorologie », même si « c’est surtout comme mathématicien qu’il s’est fait un nom » et s’il vouait une passion à la bibliographie. Henri Brocard 2 est un exemple d’ingénieur-savant du XIXe siècle, à savoir un polytechnicien à la charnière entre la théorie et la pratique mais aussi entre les mathématiques et la physique. DR Brocard fournit sur son temps libre une importante production mathématique, en particulier sur la nouvelle géométrie du triangle. ENRI BROCARD est né le 12 mai au 2e régiment de Montpellier, il fait 1845 dans une petite commune ensuite un bref passage dans l’armée H de la Meuse, à quarante kilo- du Rhin. Il participe à ses premières mètres de Bar-le-Duc. Il entre à campagnes pendant la guerre franco- l’École polytechnique allemande de 1870. en 1865 puis rejoint le Il est fait prison- Corps des ingénieurs « Durant trente-sept ans nier lors de la de l’armée française. défaite de Sedan. En 1869, après deux dans l’armée, il participe Il fait aussi par- années d’études à à onze campagnes » tie de la colonne l’École d’application, de Sétif lors de il est nommé lieute- la révolte des nant en second du Génie.
    [Show full text]
  • O Início Da Radiografia De Obras De Arte Em Portugal E a Relação Entre A
    O início da radiografia de obras de arte em Portugal e a relação entre a radiografia, a conservação e a política The first radiographs of works of art in Portugal and the relationship between radiography, conservation and politics António João Cruz Departamento de Arte, Conservação e Restauro, Escola Superior de Tecnologia de Tomar, Estrada da Serra, 2300-313 Tomar; Centro de Investigação em Ciências e Tecnologias das Artes (CITAR), R. Diogo Botelho, 1327, 4169-005 Porto; [email protected] Resumo A primeira radiografia de pinturas em Portugal foi efectuada em 1923, por solicitação de Carlos Bonvalot, numa ocasião em que iniciativas semelhantes ocorriam noutros países. Tratou-se de um caso isolado que só teve continuidade em 1928 quando Roberto de Carvalho e Pedro Vitorino, também às próprias custas, iniciaram um projecto sistemático que deu origem a um número muito significativo de radiografias. De acordo com as interpretações feitas pelos seus autores e por Luís Reis Santos, algumas das radiografias punham em evidência significati - vos problemas de restauro e de autenticidade das obras. Entre 1934 e inícios de 1936, Carvalho e Vitorino foram proibidos de radiografar obras de museus do Estado, aparentemente a pretexto de os raios X poderem danificar as pinturas, mas mais ou menos na mesma ocasião foi adquirido equipamento de radiografia para o Museu Nacional de Arte Antiga, num processo, também pioneiro, em que esteve envolvido o conservador João Couto e o físico Manuel Valadares. Considerando a coincidência cronológica das duas iniciativas e o ambiente sócio-cul - tural da ditadura do Estado Novo que então vigorava em Portugal, a situação aparentemente contraditória é interpretada como uma forma de evitar a situação incómoda gerada pelas fortes críticas resultantes da interpretação das radiografias e controlar o surgimento de novos problemas a esse respeito.
    [Show full text]
  • A Investigação No Laboratório De Física Da Universidade De Lisboa (1929-1947)
    UNIVERSIDADE DE LISBOA FACULDADE DE CIÊNCIAS SECÇÃO AUTÓNOMA DE HISTÓRIA E FILOSOFIA DAS CIÊNCIAS A INVESTIGAÇÃO NO LABORATÓRIO DE FÍSICA DA UNIVERSIDADE DE LISBOA (1929-1947) Maria Júlia Neto Gaspar Dissertação orientada pela Professora Ana Simões, da Secção Autónoma de História e Filosofia das Ciências da Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa MESTRADO EM HISTÓRIA E FILOSOFIA DAS CIÊNCIAS 2008 2 Resumo Este trabalho pretende dar um contributo para uma história social e cultural do LFUL, enquanto centro de investigação, no período 1929-1947. Serão interligadas as componentes do contexto social e político e a apropriação da investigação em radioactividade e física nuclear realizada tanto em Genebra como em Paris, Roma e Zurique. Este estudo tem como enfoque a pequena comunidade de físicos do LFUL e, em particular, os seus trabalhos de espectrografia de raios X, radioactividade e física nuclear, quer ao nível do programa da formação dos estagiários, quer enquanto actividade de investigação, não se abordando por isso as actividades de outros laboratórios de física portugueses, a não ser quando relevantes para o esclarecimento deste estudo. Pretende-se assim contribuir para uma futura história da física em Portugal, ainda por contar e que deverá integrar as tentativas de investigação e seu desenvolvimento nas três universidades portuguesas, na senda do que já foi publicado, por exemplo, nos Estados Unidos da América e em França. Elege-se como núcleo duro deste trabalho uma abordagem de História da Ciência em que a sua componente científica desempenha um papel fundamental mas só quando considerada nas suas ligações múltiplas com componentes sociais e políticas que com ela se entrelaçam indissoluvelmente.
    [Show full text]
  • 6A. Mathematics
    19-th Century ROMANTIC AGE Mathematics Collected and edited by Prof. Zvi Kam, Weizmann Institute, Israel The 19th century is called “Romantic” because of the romantic trend in literature, music and arts opposing the rationalism of the 18th century. The romanticism adored individualism, folklore and nationalism and distanced itself from the universality of humanism and human spirit. Coming back to nature replaced the superiority of logics and reasoning human brain. In Literature: England-Lord byron, Percy Bysshe Shelly Germany –Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Johann Christoph Friedrich von Schiller, Immanuel Kant. France – Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Alexandre Dumas (The Hunchback from Notre Dam), Victor Hugo (Les Miserable). Russia – Alexander Pushkin. Poland – Adam Mickiewicz (Pan Thaddeus) America – Fennimore Cooper (The last Mohican), Herman Melville (Moby Dick) In Music: Germany – Schumann, Mendelsohn, Brahms, Wagner. France – Berlioz, Offenbach, Meyerbeer, Massenet, Lalo, Ravel. Italy – Bellini, Donizetti, Rossini, Puccini, Verdi, Paganini. Hungary – List. Czech – Dvorak, Smetana. Poland – Chopin, Wieniawski. Russia – Mussorgsky. Finland – Sibelius. America – Gershwin. Painters: England – Turner, Constable. France – Delacroix. Spain – Goya. Economics: 1846 - The American Elias Howe Jr. builds the general purpose sawing machine, launching the clothing industry. 1848 – The communist manifest by Karl Marks & Friedrich Engels is published. Describes struggle between classes and replacement of Capitalism by Communism. But in the sciences, the Romantic era was very “practical”, and established in all fields the infrastructure for the modern sciences. In Mathematics – Differential and Integral Calculus, Logarithms. Theory of functions, defined over Euclidian spaces, developed the field of differential equations, the quantitative basis of physics. Matrix Algebra developed formalism for transformations in space and time, both orthonormal and distortive, preparing the way to Einstein’s relativity.
    [Show full text]
  • Otto Stern Annalen 22.9.11
    September 22, 2011 Otto Stern (1888-1969): The founding father of experimental atomic physics J. Peter Toennies,1 Horst Schmidt-Böcking,2 Bretislav Friedrich,3 Julian C.A. Lower2 1Max-Planck-Institut für Dynamik und Selbstorganisation Bunsenstrasse 10, 37073 Göttingen 2Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe Universität Frankfurt Max-von-Laue-Strasse 1, 60438 Frankfurt 3Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin Keywords History of Science, Atomic Physics, Quantum Physics, Stern- Gerlach experiment, molecular beams, space quantization, magnetic dipole moments of nucleons, diffraction of matter waves, Nobel Prizes, University of Zurich, University of Frankfurt, University of Rostock, University of Hamburg, Carnegie Institute. We review the work and life of Otto Stern who developed the molecular beam technique and with its aid laid the foundations of experimental atomic physics. Among the key results of his research are: the experimental determination of the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution of molecular velocities (1920), experimental demonstration of space quantization of angular momentum (1922), diffraction of matter waves comprised of atoms and molecules by crystals (1931) and the determination of the magnetic dipole moments of the proton and deuteron (1933). 1 Introduction Short lists of the pioneers of quantum mechanics featured in textbooks and historical accounts alike typically include the names of Max Planck, Albert Einstein, Arnold Sommerfeld, Niels Bohr, Werner Heisenberg, Erwin Schrödinger, Paul Dirac, Max Born, and Wolfgang Pauli on the theory side, and of Konrad Röntgen, Ernest Rutherford, Max von Laue, Arthur Compton, and James Franck on the experimental side. However, the records in the Archive of the Nobel Foundation as well as scientific correspondence, oral-history accounts and scientometric evidence suggest that at least one more name should be added to the list: that of the “experimenting theorist” Otto Stern.
    [Show full text]
  • Testo Completo
    Università degli Studi di Ferrara DOTTORATO DI RICERCA IN "MATEMATICA E INFORMATICA" CICLO XXVI COORDINATORE Prof. Mella Massimiliano L’INTERNAZIONALIZZAZIONE DEGLI STUDI MATEMATICI IN ITALIA A METÀ OTTOCENTO Settore Scientifico Disciplinare MAT / 04 Dottorando Tutore Dott. Nagliati Iolanda Prof. Borgato Maria Teresa ________________________ ___________________________ (firma) (firma) Anni 2011/2013 1 1 L’internazionalizzazione degli studi matematici in Italia a metà Ottocento Introduction p. 3 Introduzione 17 L’internazionalizzazione degli studi 21 I rapporti di Betti con studiosi stranieri: temi delle lettere Corrispondenti stranieri di Brioschi Corrispondenti stranieri di Tardy La situazione degli esuli: Mossotti da Corfù a Pisa 43 Il ritorno dall’esilio I primi anni dell’attività a Pisa e i rapporti con Betti Vicende politiche, organizzazione degli studi e della ricerca nella corrispondenza tra Brioschi e Tardy 59 L’organizzazione degli studi superiori Gli “Annali” Le equazioni algebriche di quinto grado 73 La teoria degli invarianti 81 Ricerche sui differenziali ad indice fratto 99 Le riviste scientifiche toscane nell’Ottocento 109 Documenti: Lettere di Giorgini a Mossotti 127 Lettere di Mossotti a Tardy 135 Lettere di Mossotti a Betti 139 Carteggio Brioschi-Tardy 191 Lettere a Betti di studiosi stranieri 285 Lettere a Tardy di studiosi stranieri 342 Lettere a Brioschi di studiosi stranieri 369 Bibliografia 371 1 2 Introduction The past few decades have seen several studies carried out by historians of mathematics on mathematics in the post unification period in Italy, further interest being recently stimulated by the celebration of 150 years since the Unification of Italy; this moment brought about a period of renewal of structures and infrastructures suitable for the new state, a sort of modernisation of the economy, which, at the same time, required a new institutional organisation on a national level for the scientific community, to carry on the work already started in the previous decades by single states, like Piedmont and the Grand Duchy of Tuscany.
    [Show full text]