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Highlights from the Past 150 Years Matematicheskii Sbornik Was Established in 1866 During the Process of Transforming a Mathematical Circle, Founded by Professor N

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Highlights from the Past 150 Years Matematicheskii Sbornik Was Established in 1866 During the Process of Transforming a Mathematical Circle, Founded by Professor N iopscience.org/msb Highlights from the past 150 years Matematicheskii Sbornik was established in 1866 during the process of transforming a mathematical circle, founded by Professor N. D. Brashman from Moscow University in 1864, into the Moscow Mathematical Society. The first issue of the journal appeared in October 1866. Since its inception, the journal has become a leading publication in disseminating original research papers containing full results in the author’s field of study. Many eminent mathematicians have been among the editors-in-chief and board members of the journal. Sbornik: Mathematics is the English translation of the Russian monthly journal Matematicheskii Sbornik. It has been published since 1967. From 1995, Sbornik: Mathematics has been published jointly by Turpion Ltd, the London Mathematical Society, and the Russian Academy of Sciences. We have created this brochure to showcase the best content published in the journal by scientists from the worldwide maths community and to celebrate the 150th anniversary of Matematicheskii Sbornik. We hope you enjoy it. IOP Publishing Temple Circus, Temple Way, Bristol BS1 6HG, UK Outstanding papers Throughout its history, the journal has published a number of papers marking breakthrough developments in the field of mathematics research: N N Luzin, Intégral et série trigonométrique, Mat. Sb., 30:1 (1916), 1–242 D Menchoff, Sur la convergence uniforme des séries de Fourier, Rec. Math. [Mat. Sbornik] N.S., 11(53):1–2 (1942), 67–96 S K Godunov, A difference method for numerical calculation of discontinuous solutions of the equations of hydrodynamics, Mat. Sb. (N.S.), 47(89):3 (1959) 271–306 Ya G Sinai, On a weak isomorphism of transformations with invariant measure, Mat. Sb. (N.S.), 63(105):1 (1964), 23–42 Sbornik: Mathematics, first V A Marcenko,ˇ L A Pastur, Distribution of eigenvalues for some sets of random Russian issue, October 1866. matrices, MATH USSR SB, 1:4 (1967), 457–483 V A Iskovskih, Ju I Manin, Three-dimensional quartics and counter examples to the Lüroth problem, MATH USSR SB, 15:1 (1971), 141–166 O A Oleinik,˘ E V Radkevicˇ, Analyticity and theorems of Liouville and Phragmén–Lindelöf type for general elliptic systems of differential equations, MATH USSR SB, 24:1 (1974), 127–143 L S Pontrjagin, Linear differential games of pursuit, MATH USSR SB, 40:3 (1981), 285–303 Yu V Nesterenko, On a measure of the algebraic independence of the values of certain functions, MATH USSR SB, 56:2 (1987), 545–567 A A Gonchar, E A Rakhmanov, Equilibrium distributions and degree of rational approximation of analytic functions, MATH USSR SB, 62:2 (1989), 305–348 V V Kozlov, D V Treshchëv, On the integrability of Hamiltonian systems with toral position space, MATH USSR SB, 63:1 (1989), 121–139 D V Anosov, On infinite curves on the Klein bottle,MATH USSR SB, 66:1 (1990), 41–58 To celebrate this milestone for the journal, we have created a collection of the best articles published in Sbornik: Mathematics from 1967–2015. The articles in the collection will be free to read throughout 2016. Go to iopscience.org/msb to find out more. Scientific pioneers The history of Matematicheskii Sbornik stretches back over 150 years. During this time, the journal has played a vital role in the development of mathematical sciences in Russia and worldwide. Matematicheskii Sbornik lists many eminent mathematicians among its editors and authors. The founder of the journal Nikolay Brashman 14 June 1796 – 13 May 1866 The journal’s founder was a Russian mathematician of Austrian origin. Brashman was born in Neu-Rausnitz in the Austrian Empire (now Rousínov in the Czech Republic) and studied at the University of Vienna and Vienna Polytechnic Institute. In 1824 he moved to St Petersburg in Russia and accepted a position at Kazan University, and in 1834 he became a professor of applied mathematics at Moscow University. There he is best remembered as a founder of the Moscow Mathematical Society and its journal Matematicheskii Sbornik. Brashman was awarded the Demidov Prize in mathematics in 1838 for his paper “The theory of equilibria of rigid and fluid bodies, or statics and hydrostatics”. Most prominent editors of the journal Otto Schmidt 30 September 1891 – 7 September 1956 Schmidt was a Russian scientist in mathematics, astronomy and geophysics. A celebrated explorer of the Arctic and a founder of the Moscow Algebra School, he suggested a new cosmogonic hypothesis on the formation of the Earth and the other planets of the Solar System. Ivan Petrovskii 18 January 1901 – 15 January 1973 A Russian mathematician, prominent statesman of Soviet education and Chancellor of Lomonosov Moscow State University (1951 – 1973), Petrovskii worked mainly in the field of partial differential equations. He greatly contributed to the solution of Hilbert’s 19th and 16th problems, and discovered what are now called Petrovskii lacunas. Lev Pontryagin 3 September 1908 – 3 May 1988 Pontryagin was a Russian mathematician, academician and founder of the mathematical optimal control theory based on Pontryagin’s maximum principle. He made major discoveries in a number of fields of mathematics, including algebraic and differential topology. Andrey Gonchar 21 November 1931 – 10 October 2012 Russian mathematician Andrey Gonchar was vice-president of the Russian Academy of Sciences (1991 – 1998), a prominent organizer of science, and Laureate of the Demidov Prize in mathematics and Keldysh’s Gold Medal winner. He was the founder of the world-famous scientific school on the theory of approximations of analytical functions. Authors – outstanding contributors to Matematicheskii Sbornik Pafnuty Chebyshev Chebyshev was a Russian mathematician and mechanician known for 1821 – 1894 his work in the fields of the theory of probability, statistics, mechanics and number theory, and also for the Chebyshev polynomials and the Chebyshev bias. Andrey Markov Best known for his work on stochastic processes, mathematical 1856 – 1922 analysis and number theory, Russian mathematician Markov’s primary research subject later became known as Markov chains and Markov processes. Vladimir Steklov Steklov was a Russian mathematician, mechanician and physicist, 1864 – 1926 and the founder and first director of the Physical and Mathematical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, which was divided into separate mathematical and physical institutes in 1934. In his memory, the former was named the Steklov Mathematical Institute. Steklov’s primary scientific contribution was in mathematical physics and orthogonal series. Hermann Minkowski German mathematician Minkowski created and developed the geometry 1864 – 1909 theory of numbers and used geometrical methods to solve problems in number theory, mathematical physics and the theory of relativity. He is best known for his contribution in the geometry four-dimensional model of the special theory of relativity, since known as “The Geometry of Minkowski Spacetime”. Emmy Noether Noether was a German mathematician known for her landmark 1882 – 1935 contributions to abstract algebra and theoretical physics. She has been described as the most important woman in the history of mathematics, and as one of the leading mathematicians of her time, she developed the theories of rings, fields and algebras. In physics, Noether’s theorem explains the connection between symmetry and conservation laws. John Edensor A British mathematician best known for his achievements in Littlewood mathematical analysis, number theory and differential equations, 1885 – 1977 Littlewood was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1916, awarded the Royal Medal in 1929, the Sylvester Medal in 1943 and the Copley Medal in 1958. He was president of the London Mathematical Society from 1941 to 1943, and was awarded the De Morgan Medal in 1938 and the Senior Berwick Prize in 1960. Ivan Vinogradov Vinogradov was a Russian mathematician who was one of the creators 1891 – 1983 of modern analytic number theory. He became director of the Steklov Mathematical Institute in 1934, and apart from a five-year period between 1941 and 1946, he held this position for the rest of his life. Nikolay Bogolyubov A Russian mathematician and theoretical physicist known for his 1909 – 1992 significant contribution to quantum field theory, classical and quantum statistical mechanics, and the theory of dynamical systems, Bogolyubov was a winner of the Dirac Prize in 1992. Andrey Kolmogorov One of the founders of the modern theory of probability, Russian 1903 – 1987 mathematician Andrey Kolmogorov made a great contribution to many areas of mathematics and its applications, including mathematical analysis, topology, dynamic systems, turbulence, classical mechanics, algorithmic information theory and computational complexity. John von Neumann von Neumann was a Hungarian–American pure and applied 1903 – 1957 mathematician, physicist, inventor and polymath. He was a pioneer of the application of operator theory to quantum mechanics and in the development of functional analysis. He was also a principal member of the Manhattan Project and the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, and a key figure in the development of game theory and the concepts of cellular automata, the universal constructor and the digital computer. Leonid Kantorovich A Russian mathematician and economist known for his theory and 1912 – 1986 development of techniques for the optimal allocation of resources, Kantorovich is regarded as the founder of linear programming and was a winner of the Nobel Prize in Economics in 1975. Israel Gelfand Gelfand was a Russian mathematician who made major contributions 1913 – 2009 to many branches of mathematics, including Lie group theory, representation theory and functional analysis. .
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