DOCSLIB.ORG

Plato and the Hero

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Plato and the Hero PLATO AND THE HERO Plato's thinking on courage, manliness and heroism is both profound and central to his work, but these areas of his thought remain under-explored. This book examines his developing critique of both the notions and embodiments of manliness prevalent in his culture (particularly those in Homer), and his attempt to redefine them in accordance with his own ethical, psychological and metaphysical principles. It further seeks to locate the discussion within the framework of his general approach to ethics, an approach which focuses chiefly on concepts of flourishing and virtue. The question of why courage is necessary in the flourishing life in its turn leads to Plato's bid to unify the noble and the beneficial, and the tensions this unification creates between human and di- vine ideals. The issue of manliness also raises problems of gender: does Plato conceive of the ethical subject as human or male? ANGELA HOBBS is Lecturer in Philosophy at the University of Warwick. PLATO AND THE HERO Courage, Manliness and the Impersonal Good ANGELA HOBBS University of Warwick CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, Sao Paulo Cambridge University Press The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 2RU, UK Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521417334 © Cambridge University Press 2000 This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First published 2000 This digitally printed first paperback version 2006 A catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication data Hobbs, Angela. Plato and the hero : courage, manliness, and the impersonal good / Angela Hobbs. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0 521 41733 3 (hardback) 1. Plato — Contributions in concept of courage. 2. Plato — Contributions in concept of masculinity. 3. Courage — History. 4. Masculinity — History. I. Title. B398.C69 H63 2000 179'.6'092 - dc21 99-050142 ISBN-13 978-0-521-41733-4 hardback ISBN-10 0-521-41733-3 hardback ISBN-13 978-0-521-02897-4 paperback ISBN-10 0-521-02897-3 paperback For my mother, and in memory of my father Contents Acknowledgements page x Preface xii Glossary xvi The puzzle of Plato's thumos i The life of reason and the life of desire i The puzzle of the thumos 3 Thumos or thumoeides? 6 Thumos in Homer 7 The thumos in the Republic 8 Book 2 8 Primary education (Books 2 and 3) 11 Book 4 14 Books 8 and 9 23 The timocratic state and man 27 The thumos as a coherent whole 30 The thumos and Plato's general psychology 31 The meaning of psuche 31 The meaning of 'part' 33 Aristotle 37 Nietzsche 41 Adler 44 Freud 46 Thumos, andreia and the ethics of flourishing 50 Plato's ethical framework 50 Happiness and virtue 52 Just persons and just acts 54 Reason, desire and the self 54 The norms of nature 56 First- and second-order desires 57 Role models 59 Role models and society 67 vii viii Contents Male and female virtue 68 The complexity of courage 74 3 Arms and the man: andreia in the Laches 76 Training men 76 Fighting in armour: Nicias' defence 79 Fighting in armour: Laches' critique 82 Matter and method 84 Socrates' questioning of Laches 86 Socrates' questioning of Nicias 99 Conclusion no 4 Odd virtue out: courage and goodness in the Protagoras 113 Virtue and the virtues 113 Courage, daring and technique 115 The unification of values 123 The pleasures of courage 130 Conclusion 135 5 Why should I be good? Callicles, Thrasymachus and the egoist challenge 137 Man and superman 137 The use and abuse of pleasure 141 The Calliclean challenge 147 Socrates' response to Callicles 151 The philosopher as role model 158 The need for the thumos 162 Thrasymachus and the law 164 Socrates' response to Thrasymachus 170 6 Heroes and role models: the Apology, Hippias Major and Hippias Minor 175 Homeric role models and Alexander the Great 175 The Apology 178 The Crito 186 The Hippias Major 187 The Hippias Minor 193 7 The threat of Achilles 199 Thumos amok 199 The tragic shadow 210 8 Plato's response: the valuable as one 220 The Beautiful and the Good 220 Beauty, goodness and early education 227 Andreia revisited 231 Contents ix Role models for a new age 235 The philosophic ideal 240 9 Alcibiades' revenge: thumos in the Symposium 250 Self-perpetuating heroes 250 The Symposium: thumos as intermediary 250 Alcibiades and the tragic victory 254 Epilogue The weaver's art: andreia in the Politicus and Laws 262 Bibliography 268 Index 277 Acknowledgements During the writing of this book I have benefited from the generos- ity of many. Work on it began whilst I was a Research Fellow at Christ's College, Cambridge, and was completed in the Philoso- phy Department at Warwick University, and I am grateful to my colleagues at both institutions for their friendship and support - and of course for providing me with the opportunity to write any- thing at all. And as some of the ideas and research have their roots in my Ph.D. thesis, I should also like to express my thanks to the Fellows of New Hall, Cambridge, and to the members of the Cambridge Classics Faculty for their assistance throughout. My intellectual debts to individuals are manifold, though no one but myself should be held responsible for - or indeed assumed necessarily to endorse - a single sentence of what follows. My in- terest in ancient philosophy was first aroused, and then nourished, by the teaching and work of M. M. McCabe; I am profoundly grateful both for that early guidance, and for her continued advice and support. Geoffrey Lloyd, Malcolm Schofield and David Sedley are also teachers to whom I owe much. All of them have helped me (whether knowingly or not) with certain issues in the present work, and I have also received invaluable assistance on a number of points from Christine Battersby, Frank Beetham, Paul Cartledge, Christopher Gill, Michael Hobbs, T. I. Irwin, Mary- Hannah Jones, Penelope Murray, Peter Poellner, Christopher Rowe, Dominic Scott, Robert Sharpies, C. C. W. Taylor, Martin Warner, Simon Williams and Michael Whitby. I should also like to take this opportunity to thank the Feminist Philosophy Society at Warwick University for many stimulating discussions, and all my students over many years for their often penetrating questions and robust scepticism about my suggested answers; both groups have made me look at several topics in a fresh light. Acknowledgements xi My greatest intellectual debt, however, is to my former super- visor, Myles Burnyeat, from whose intellectual acuity and breadth of vision I have received immeasurable benefit. He has been gen- erous with his time and knowledge far beyond the call of duty, and he has my deep gratitude and respect. It is a pleasure, too, to record various other forms of help. My long-suffering editor, Pauline Hire, has displayed great patience over a project that took far longer to complete than intended; I have further profited from the painstaking care and useful sugges- tions of my copy-editor, Linda Woodward. Cliff Robinson pro- duced a wonderful cover illustration at very short notice. Profound thanks are also due to my mother and late father for their constant support, good humour and relaxed encouragement - as well as for refusing to let me give up Latin when I was twelve, despite my urgent pleadings. I owe them more than I can say. And David Gibbins has provided strength, succour and wise advice during many periods of the book's production — particularly in the final stages which have coincided with the birth of our beautiful daugh- ter, Molly. For his patience and presence, he has my thanks and love. Preface This book arose initially from my fascination with certain of the Platonic Socrates' interlocutors, and in particular with Callicles and Alcibiades. Why was Plato so ready to give room to the views of such unSocratic and charismatic opponents? The answer, I believed, had largely to do with his abiding interest in different conceptions of manliness and courage {andreia), and hence also with different conditions of the spirited element of the Republic's tripar- tite psuche (the thumos), with which andreia is especially connected. At this juncture I came across Allan Bloom's interpretative essay on the Republic, in which he highlights the central role played by Achilles in Books 2 and 3, and it became evident that Plato's con- cern with Achilles throughout the early and middle dialogues was also part of this interest in notions of andreia. In short, it seemed to me that there was a book to be written on andreia and thumos in early and middle Plato, focusing not only on the theoretical dis- cussions of the Laches and Protagoras, but also on these three char- acters (who were quickly joined by Thrasymachus). Such a study necessarily touches on many overlapping aspects of Plato's thought. The introduction of Achilles inevitably raises the issue of Plato's complex attitude to Homer, and his ambivalent deployment of other Homeric heroes, most notably Odysseus. Such topics in their turn prompt questions concerning role models and education in general, and relations between individual and community. And these questions can only properly be understood when viewed in the context of Plato's overall approach to ethics, which takes the fundamental ethical concerns to be 'how should one live?' and 'what sort of person should one be?' — in brief, an ethics chiefly of flourishing and virtue, rather than one of, say, consequences or duties.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Jones, David Albert, the Soul of the Embryo
    J The Soul of the Embryo: An enquiry into the status of the human embryo in the Christian tradition DAVID ALBERT JONES • , continuum A LONDON • NEW YORK Continuum The Tower Building 15 East 26th Street 11 York Road New York London, SE1 7NX NY 10010 www.continuumbooks.com C) David Jones 2004 Contents All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage or retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publishers. British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data Abbreviations A catalogue record for this book is available from The British Library. Foreword ISBN 0 8264 6296 0 Introduction 1 Moulded in the Earth The embryo in the Hebrew Scriptures: creation, Typeset by BookEns Ltd, Royston, Herts. providence, calling Printed and hound in Great Britain by Antony Rowe Ltd, Chippenham, Wilts. 2 Curdled Like Cheese Ancient embryology: Hippocrates and Aristotle 3 Discarded Children • Exposure, infanticide and abortion in ancient Greece and Rome 4 Grieving in Ramah Jewish attitudes to infanticide and abortion 5 Medicinal Penalties Early Christianity and abortion: Celtic/Anglo-Saxon penances, Greek/Latin canons 6 Soul Talk Soul as the principle of life, body and soul, the I would like to thank Fr Michael Hayes, Head of the School of Theology, spiritual soul Philosophy and History at St Mary's College for supporting an ethos of research 7 Whence the Soul? and scholarship within the School; Robin Baird-Smith of Continuum books for The Church Fathers on the origin of the soul: his great patience; and the Linacre Centre for Healthcare Ethics for the use of pre-existence, traducianism, creationism their excellent library.
    [Show full text]
  • The History of Sexuality, Volume 2: the Use of Pleasure
    The Use of Pleasure Volume 2 of The History of Sexuality Michel Foucault Translated from the French by Robert Hurley Vintage Books . A Division of Random House, Inc. New York The Use of Pleasure Books by Michel Foucault Madness and Civilization: A History oflnsanity in the Age of Reason The Order of Things: An Archaeology of the Human Sciences The Archaeology of Knowledge (and The Discourse on Language) The Birth of the Clinic: An Archaeology of Medical Perception I, Pierre Riviere, having slaughtered my mother, my sister, and my brother. ... A Case of Parricide in the Nineteenth Century Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison The History of Sexuality, Volumes I, 2, and 3 Herculine Barbin, Being the Recently Discovered Memoirs of a Nineteenth­ Century French Hermaphrodite Power/Knowledge: Selected Interviews and Other Writings, 1972-1977 VINTAGE BOOKS EDlTlON, MARCH 1990 Translation copyright © 1985 by Random House, Inc. All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. Published in the United States by Vintage Books, a division of Random House, Inc., New York, and simultaneously in Canada by Random House of Canada Limited, Toronto. Originally published in France as L' Usage des piaisirs by Editions Gallimard. Copyright © 1984 by Editions Gallimard. First American edition published by Pantheon Books, a division of Random House, Inc., in October 1985. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Foucault, Michel. The history of sexuality. Translation of Histoire de la sexualite. Includes bibliographical references and indexes. Contents: v. I. An introduction-v. 2. The use of pleasure. I. Sex customs-History-Collected works.
    [Show full text]
  • Traces of Cynic Monotheism in the Early Roman Empire*
    ACTA CIASSICA LI (2008) 1-20 ISSN 0065-1141 ARTICLES • ARTIKELS TRACES OF CYNIC MONOTHEISM IN THE EARLY ROMAN EMPIRE* P.R. Bosman Univel sity of South Africa ABSTRACT The ancient Cynics rejected traditional religion, themselves on first appearances endorsing either atheism or agnosticism. But their criticism may also have stemmed from a radical monotheism as voiced by Antisthenes. After briefly discussing imperial Cynics and their views on religion, the article argues that the 4th letter of Pseudo-Heraclitus and the Geneva Papyrus inv. 271, Cynic texts from the Early Empire, are not contrary to the essentials of the philosophy and may represent late Hellenistic forms of the Antisthenic tradition in portraying Cynic-type sages mediating between humankind and the God of nature. Introduction Cynic philosophy's roots go back to the 4th century BC, but it experienced a revival approximately simultaneous with the dramatic rise of Christianity. The two movements had much in common, not least their shared criticism of traditional Greco-Roman religion. 1 Two fundamental forces driving early Christian rejection of popular religion were belief in the one God of Judaism and a close association of his will with the rules for righteous living. It may be asked whether anything similar can be found in the Cynicism of that era. Some sources indeed suggest that the Cynics - traditionally focussing exclusively on ethics - were prepared to link their way of life to belief in a single God who provides or communicates the principles of correct conduct to the Cynic sage.2 * I wish to thank the referees of Acta Classica for valuable comments and corrections to this text.
    [Show full text]
  • Arsenokoités and Malakos: Meanings and Consequences by Dale B
    Arsenokoités and Malakos: Meanings and Consequences by Dale B. Martin The New Testament provides little ammunition to those wishing to condemn modern homosexuality. Compared to the much more certain condemnations of anger, wealth (sometimes anything but poverty), adultery, or disobedience of wives and children, the few passages that might be taken as condemning homosexuality are meager. It is not surprising, therefore, that the interpretation of two mere words has commanded a disproportionate amount of attention. Both words, arsenokoités and malakos, occur in a vice list in 1 Cor. 6:9, and arsenokoités recurs in 1 Tim. 1:10. Although the translation of these two words has varied through the years, in the twentieth century they have often been taken to refer to people who engage in homosexual, or at least male homosexual, sex, and the conclusion sometimes then follows that the New Testament or Paul, condemns homosexual "activity." Usually the statement is accompanied by a shrugged-shoulder expression, as if to say, I'm not condemning homosexuality! I'm just reading the Bible. It's there in the text. Such protestations of objectivity, however, become untenable when examined closely. By analyzing ancient meanings of the terms, on the one hand, and historical changes in the translation of the terms on the other, we discover that interpretations of arsenokoités and malakos as condemning modern homosexuality have been driven more by ideological interests in marginalizing gay and lesbian people than by the general strictures of historical criticism. In the end, the goal of this chapter is not mere historical or philological accuracy.
    [Show full text]
  • The Bipolar Longings of Thumos: a Feminist Rereading of Plato's Republic
    The Bipolar Longings of Thumos: A Feminist Rereading of Plato's Republic CHRISTINA TARNOPOLSKY, McGill University Plato's treatment of thumos in the Republic might seem like an odd place to look for mining fresh feminist insights into the complex and political character of human desire. 1 The dialogue itself is often seen as one in which human desire is down played in favor of the godlike and self-sufficient philosopher-kings who are quite unlike the erotic, needy, and striving Socrates of Plato's Symposium (Bloom 1968, 423; Williams 1993, 98-102). For this very reason, feminists have usually looked to the latter dialogue in order to derive a notion of classical desire, either from the Aristophanic notion of eros as a striving for one's better half or from Diotima's notion of eros as a striving for wholeness and as the desire to give birth to a new self in the presence of the beloved. More pro­ blematically, Plato's treatment of thumos in the Republic has primarily been co-opted by conservative, anti-feminist thinkers who see it as the manly and warlike passion of anger or spiritedness that animates men's souls (Berns 1984, 335-348; Bloom 1968, 355, 376). Even commenta­ tors who do not share these kinds of political views tend to see Platonic thumos as that element of the soul which counters desire or eros be­ cause it counters those desires that are lodged in the epithumetic (appetitive/desiring) part of the soul (Koziak 2000, 75, 77; Allen 2000b, 252).2 In this paper I hope to challenge all of these views of the Republic by looking at the complex bipolar longings that characterize Plato's notion of thumos.
    [Show full text]
  • Aeschynē in Aristotle's Conception of Human Nature Melissa Marie Coakley University of South Florida, [email protected]
    University of South Florida Scholar Commons Graduate Theses and Dissertations Graduate School 3-20-2014 Aeschynē in Aristotle's Conception of Human Nature Melissa Marie Coakley University of South Florida, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd Part of the Philosophy Commons Scholar Commons Citation Coakley, Melissa Marie, "Aeschynē in Aristotle's Conception of Human Nature" (2014). Graduate Theses and Dissertations. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4999 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Aeschynē in Aristotle’s Conception of Human Nature by Melissa M. Coakley A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Philosophy College of Arts and Science University of South Florida Major Professor: Joanne Waugh, Ph.D. Bruce Silver, Ph.D. Roger Ariew, Ph.D. Thomas Williams, Ph.D. Date of Approval: March 20, 2014 Keywords: Shame, Anaeschyntia, Aidōs, Aischynē, Ancient Greek Passions Copyright © 2014, Melissa M. Coakley DEDICATION This manuscript is dedicated to my husband Bill Murray and to my parents: Joan and Richard Coakley. Thank you for your endless support, encouragement, and friendship. To Dr. John P. Anton, I have learned from you the importance of having a “ton of virtue and a shield of nine layers for protection from the abysmal depths of vice.” Thank you for believing in me, my dear friend.
    [Show full text]
  • The Melammu Project
    THE MELAMMU PROJECT http://www.aakkl.helsinki.fi/melammu/ “The Naked Ascetics of India and Other Eastern Religions in the Greek and Roman Sources of the Late Classical Antiquity” KLAUS KARTTUNEN Published in Melammu Symposia 3: A. Panaino and G. Pettinato (eds.), Ideologies as Intercultural Phenomena. Proceedings of the Third Annual Symposium of the Assyrian and Babylonian Intellectual Heritage Project. Held in Chicago, USA, October 27-31, 2000 (Milan: Università di Bologna & IsIao 2002), pp. 135-42. Publisher: http://www.mimesisedizioni.it/ This article was downloaded from the website of the Melammu Project: http://www.aakkl.helsinki.fi/melammu/ The Melammu Project investigates the continuity, transformation and diffusion of Mesopotamian culture throughout the ancient world. A central objective of the project is to create an electronic database collecting the relevant textual, art-historical, archaeological, ethnographic and linguistic evidence, which is available on the website, alongside bibliographies of relevant themes. In addition, the project organizes symposia focusing on different aspects of cultural continuity and evolution in the ancient world. The Digital Library available at the website of the Melammu Project contains articles from the Melammu Symposia volumes, as well as related essays. All downloads at this website are freely available for personal, non-commercial use. Commercial use is strictly prohibited. For inquiries, please contact [email protected]. KARTTUNEN T HE NAKED ASCETICS OF INDIA KLAUS KARTTUNEN Helsinki The Naked Ascetics of India and Other Eastern Religions in the Greek and Roman Sources of the Late Classical Antiquity * peculiar outcome of Alexander’s the Seleucid envoy to the Indian Maurya Indian campaigns was the per- empire, gave his own view of the Gym- Asistent fame of India as the land nosophistai and described several kinds of wisdom.
    [Show full text]
  • The Bare Necessities: Ascetic Indian Sages in Philostratus' 'Life of Apollonius'
    W&M ScholarWorks Undergraduate Honors Theses Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects 5-2011 The Bare Necessities: Ascetic Indian Sages in Philostratus' 'Life of Apollonius' Samuel McVane College of William and Mary Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/honorstheses Part of the Classical Literature and Philology Commons Recommended Citation McVane, Samuel, "The Bare Necessities: Ascetic Indian Sages in Philostratus' 'Life of Apollonius'" (2011). Undergraduate Honors Theses. Paper 362. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/honorstheses/362 This Honors Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects at W&M ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Undergraduate Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of W&M ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 1 Introduction One might not think that much direct contact occurred between the cultures of ancient Greece and Rome and ancient India. The civilizations lay thousands of miles apart, a vast distance for men who traveled by foot or horse. But in fact, we have much evidence, both material and literary, for rather extensive contact – economic, military, and cultural – between the ancient East and West. One of the most interesting interactions, in my opinion, was the intellectual exchange between the West and ancient Indian philosophers, sages, and religious thinkers. Fortunately, we have a great body of extant ancient Western literature – primarily in Greek – that provide numerous accounts and descriptions, historic, pseudo- historic, and fictional, of Indian wise men and their interactions with the West. This body of literature particularly focuses on portrayals of Indian ascetics who lived a very frugal lifestyle, scorning most material needs, in the pursuit of knowledge.
    [Show full text]
  • Hege Dypedokk Johnsen
    ERÔS AND EDUCATION: SOCRATIC SEDUCTION IN THREE PLATONIC DIA LOGUES. Hege Dypedokk Johnsen Erôs and Education Socratic Seduction in Three Platonic Dialogues Hege Dypedokk Johnsen ©Hege Dypedokk Johnsen, Stockholm University 2016 ISBN 978-91-7649-496-7 Printed in Sweden by Holmbergs, Malmö 2016 Distributor: Department of Philosophy, Stockholm University Contents Acknowledgments ........................................................................................ ix Glossary ...................................................................................................... xi Abbreviations ............................................................................................. xii Chapter 0. Introduction ....................................................................... 13 0.1. Topic and aim ............................................................................................ 13 0.2. The selection of dialogues ......................................................................... 17 0.3. Reflections on method ............................................................................... 20 0.3.1. A comparative study .......................................................................... 20 0.3.2. Plato’s dramatic dialogues ................................................................. 22 0.4. Outline of the dissertation .......................................................................... 26 Chapter 1. Erôs and Socrates’ Erotic Expertise .................................. 27 1.1. Origin and translations
    [Show full text]
  • Performing Masculinities in the Greek Novel
    _________________________________________________________________________Swansea University E-Theses Playing the man: Performing masculinities in the Greek novel. Jones, Meriel How to cite: _________________________________________________________________________ Jones, Meriel (2007) Playing the man: Performing masculinities in the Greek novel.. thesis, Swansea University. http://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa42521 Use policy: _________________________________________________________________________ This item is brought to you by Swansea University. Any person downloading material is agreeing to abide by the terms of the repository licence: copies of full text items may be used or reproduced in any format or medium, without prior permission for personal research or study, educational or non-commercial purposes only. The copyright for any work remains with the original author unless otherwise specified. The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holder. Permission for multiple reproductions should be obtained from the original author. Authors are personally responsible for adhering to copyright and publisher restrictions when uploading content to the repository. Please link to the metadata record in the Swansea University repository, Cronfa (link given in the citation reference above.) http://www.swansea.ac.uk/library/researchsupport/ris-support/ Playing the Man: Performing Masculinities in the Greek Novel Meriel Jones Submitted to the University o f Wales in fulfilment o f the requirements for the degree o f Doctor ofPhilosophy. Swansea University 2007 ProQuest Number: 10805270 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a com plete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted.
    [Show full text]
  • The Bible, the Church, & Homosexuality
    FAMILY RESEARCH COUNCIL lthough the leading Christian churches in the United States continue to view homosexual behavior as outside the realm of appropriate Christian conduct, revisionist scholars within their respective communions cont- inue a campaign to re-interpret or ignore biblical teaching regarding homosexuality. Exposing the faulty reasoning behind the gay hermeneutic, The Bible, The Church, and Homosexuality demonstrates how homosexuality is unambiguously found wanting by Scripture and tradition. TIMOTHY J. DAILEY is Senior Fellow in the Center for Marriage and Family Studies at the Family Research Council. His study is based upon his doctoral dissertation, completed at Marquette University. The , ChurchtheBible & Homosexuality EXPOSING THE ‘GAY’ THEOLOGY family research council tony perkins, president 801 g street nw BL04F01 washington, dc 20001 TIMOTHY J. DAILEY www.frc.org The , ChurchtheBible & Homosexuality EXPOSING THE ‘GAY’ THEOLOGY The Bible, the Church, and Homosexuality: Exposing the ‘Gay’ Theology by Timothy J. Dailey © 2004 by the Family Research Council All rights reserved. Scripture passages identified asNRSV are taken from the New Revised Standard Version of the Bible, copyright © 1989 by the Division of Christian Education of the National Council of the Churches of Christ in the USA. Used by permission. All rights reserved. Scripture passages identified asNIV are taken from the Holy Bible: New International Version®. NIV®. Copyright © 1973, 1978, 1984 by International Bible Society. Used by permission of Zondervan Publishing House. The “NIV” and “New International Version” trademarks are registered in the United States Patent and Trademark Office by the International Bible Society. Family Research Council 801 G Street, N.W. Washington, DC 20001 Printed in the United States of America.
    [Show full text]
  • Philo on Jewish Identity and Culture
    Texts and Studies in Ancient Judaism Texte und Studien zum Antiken Judentum Edited by Martin Hengel und Peter Schäfer 86 Maren R. Niehoff Philo on Jewish Identity and Culture Mohr Siebeck Maren R. Niehoff, born 1963; studied Jewish Studies, Literature and Philosophy in Berlin, Jeru- salem and Oxford; 1989-91 Junior Fellow at the Society of Fellows at Harvard University; since 1991 Lecturer in the Department of Jewish Thought at the Hebrew University in Jerusalem. CIP-Titelaufnahme der Deutschen Bibliothek Niehoff, Maren: Philo an Jewish identity and culture / Maren R. Niehoff. - 1. Aufl., - Tübingen : Mohr Siebeck, 2001 (Texts and studies in ancient Judaism ; 86) ISBN 3-16-147611-5 © 2001 by J.C.B. Mohr (Paul Siebeck), P.O.Box 2040, D-72010 Tübingen. This book may not be reproduced, in whole or in part, in any form (beyond that permitted by copyright law) without the publisher's written permission. This applies particularly to repro- ductions, translations, microfilms and storage and processing in electronic systems. The book was typeset by Martin Fischer in Tübingen, printed by Guide-Druck in Tübingen on non-aging paper and bound by Heinr. Koch in Tübingen. Printed in Germany ISSN 0340-9570 For Udi, Maya and Ayana Acknowledgements This book had its beginning in the winter of 1995 when Professor Martin Hengel suggested that I contribute a volume to the series "Text and Studies in Ancient Judaism". It took some time until the theme of the present book took shape and work on the individual chapters could begin. Throughout this proc- ess, both editors of the series, Peter Schäfer and Martin Hengel, supported and encouraged me.
    [Show full text]