Air Quality and Climate Change Program in China

• 1st AQM network • Annual workshop • Capacity building activities • Clean air tools application Clean Air Scorecard Application in China

• Jinan , Hangzhou (2010,2013) • 3 PRD Cities (2012,2013) • Chongqing (2013)

Summary of results- 2013 Local Partners

Jinan Hangzhou Chongqing Guangzhou Foshan Zhaoqing

JN EPB HZ EPB CQ EPB GZ EPB FS EPB ZQ EPB

Jinan Chongqing • Guangdong Environmental Research Research Protection Department Academy of Academy of • Guangdong Research Academy of Environme Environme Environmental Science ntal Science ntal Science

* Research Academy of Environmental Science play the supporting role for clean air policy making at both province and city level. About the 6 cities

Jinan Hangzhou Chongqing Guangzhou Foshan Zhaoqing

Land Area 8,177 3,068 5,473 3,843 3,798 14,891 (sq.km) GDP 72 128 496 223 101.97 21.75 (billion $) Population 6.09 6.32 6.3 11.11 7.23 3.95 (million) Vehicle 1.40 2.27 0.93 2.33 1.04 0.17 (million) * Note: 2012 data Index 1: Air Pollution & Health Index (1)

Concentration µg/m3 (ave)

NO2  Data availability varies per city- Hangzhou and Chongqing do not SO2 have PM2.5 data by the end of

O3 2012; only Chongqing has Pb data  SO2, PM concentrations are PM10 relatively higher in Jinan PM2.5  PM2.5 concentrations exceed the AQ standard (PM2.5 = 35 µg/m3 annual ave)

0 50 100 150 200

Zhaoqing Foshan Guangzhou Chongqing Hangzhou Jinan Index 1: Air Pollution & Health Index (2)

Jinan Hangzhou Chongqing Guangzhou Foshan Zhaoqing

Final Score 3.6 9.6 8.7 6.9 6.8 6.6

Pollutant of SO2 PM10 SO2 PM2.5 PM2.5 PM2.5 Concern

Band Category Critical Poor Poor Poor Poor Very Poor

Pollutant Jinan Hangzhou Chongqing Guangzhou Foshan Zhaoqing

PM2.5 Critical Poor Poor Very Poor

PM10 Critical Poor Poor Moderate Poor Poor

O3 Good Good Good Good

SO2 Critical Poor Poor Good Poor Moderate Pb Excellent

NO2 Good Moderate Excellent Good Moderate Excellent CO Excellent Excellent Excellent Excellent Excellent Index 1: Highlights

● Air Pollution and Health Index is the index with lowest score for all the six cities, from very poor 3.6(Jinan) to poor 9.6(Hangzhou). ● None of these cities make regular Pb monitoring, Pb is therefore a restrictive factor for all three cities on this index.

● For three PRD cities, PM2.5 is the pollutant of concern which gets lowest score. SO2 is the pollutant of concern for Jinan and Chongqing while PM10 is the pollutant getting lowest score for Hangzhou. Index 2: Clean Air Management Capacity (1)

30.00

25.00 7.40 7.66 7.35 7.04 7.66  Overall, all cities scored 20.00 2.39

4.70 4.93 similar in Clean Air 4.70 3.40 4.67 15.00 6.25 Management 7.30 7.30 7.30 10.00 7.30 7.30 6.01 Capacity, and all of

5.00 them achieved 7.17 7.21 7.06 6.28 6.13 5.83 Excellent except 0.00 JINAN HANGZHOU CHONGQING GUANGZHOU FOSHAN ZHAOQING Zhaoqing (Good) Capacity to Determine Sources of Air Pollution and Their Contribution Capacity to Assess the Status of Air Quality  Jinan and Guangzhou Capacity to Estimate Impacts of Air Pollution Capacity to Respond to Air Pollution are the highest (27 out of 33) Jinan Hangzhou Chongqing Guangzhou Foshan Zhaoqing

27.31 25.62 24.91 27.10 25.75 20.48 Index 2: Clean Air Management Capacity (2)

*Jinan and Bangkok scored highest among 7 Asian cities in 2010. Index 2: Highlights

● Clean Air Management Capacity Index is the index with highest index for all the six cities, from good 23.83(Zhaoqing) to excellent 27.31 (Hangzhou). ● The gaps between cities exist due to their differentiated levels of development, local policy variations and disparity in policy enforcement . ● All the cities perform well in identification of mobile and stationary sources emissions, however, gaps remain in the following areas: 1. Identify toxics and harmful pollutants, Pb emission volume estimation and tracing of emission sources; 2. Estimate GHG emission volumes and estimate area sources emissions volumes; 3. Pb exposure monitoring and roadside monitoring station building; 4. Study the relationship between air pollution and tourism; 5. Urban epidemiological studies and studies on health impacts; and 6. Capacity to respond to climate change because environmental protection and climate change are regulated by two separate departments across China. Index 3: Clean Air Policies & Actions

30.00

25.00 4.02  Overall, all cities scored 4.06 3.03 2.39 20.00 similar in Clean Air 6.25 2.34 2.39 7.73 6.25 6.25 Policies and Actions 15.00 5.94 6.25

7.83 6.87 6.87  Jinan and Hangzhou are 10.00 7.18 5.78 6.01 Excellent while others 5.00 8.21 7.70 6.21 6.85 7.08 5.83 are in Good band 0.00 JINAN HANGZHOU CHONGQINGGUANGZHOU FOSHAN ZHAOQING  Limited policies and Indicators of General Policies and Actions in Air Quality actions to address the Indicators of Clean Air Policies and Actions in Transport Sector Indicators of Clean Air Policies and Actions in Energy and Industry area pollution Indicators of Clean Air Policies and Actions for Other Sources

Jinan Hangzhou Chongqing Guangzhou Foshan Zhaoqing

26.31 25.18 20.92 23.86 22.59 20.48 Index 3: Highlights

● For Clean Air Policies and Actions Index, the score is from good 20.92 (Chongqing) to excellent 26.31 (Hangzhou). ● This Index usually got the highest score among the three index in China cities according to the pilot assessment in 2008 and 2010, but this time the scores in this index all drop because the enforcement “discount” has been added in the CAMAT Version 3, which assesses whether clean air policies and actions are fully enforced in a city. ● Most of the indicators of clean air policies and actions in the applied cities got 3 or 4 which means the policies and actions are implemented and enforced well but not perfect.

Year Jinan Hangzhou Guangzhou Foshan Zhaoqing 2008 59.8 60.1 — — — 2010 — — 71.9 64.5 69.7 2012 57.22 60.43 57.96 55.33 51.02 Summary

Jinan Hangzhou Chongqing Guangzhou Foshan Zhaoqing 57.22 60.43 54.56 57.96 55.33 51.02 Emerging Maturing Emerging Emerging Emerging Emerging

● Five of six are at the levels of “Emerging” while Hangzhou is “Maturing”. The scores did not vary significantly from each other, which means these cities have:  Majority of key components of clean air management are in place;  Policies and actions to reduce emissions from identified major sources need to be enhanced; and  Sector-based institutions need to upgrade technical and management capacity. Future Plan

• Expanding pilots in Asia • Benchmarking • Linking with potential city twinning opportunities • Liking with intervention and investment plans ForFor more more information: information: www.cleanairasia.orgwww.cleanairasia.org

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Clean Air Asia China Office Clean Air Asia India Office [email protected] [email protected] 901A Reignwood Building, 1st Floor, Building No. 4 No. 8 YongAnDongLi Thyagraj Nagar Market, Lodhi Colony Jianguomenwai Avenue Beijing New Delhi 110003 China India

Clean Air Asia Country Networks

China . India . Indonesia . Nepal . Pakistan . Philippines . Sri Lanka . Vietnam

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