Tier 1 Factories No
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Greater Bay Area Logistics Markets and Opportunities Colliers Radar Logistics | Industrial Services | South China | 29 May 2020
COLLIERS RADAR LOGISTICS | INDUSTRIAL SERVICES | SOUTH CHINA | 29 MAY 2020 Rosanna Tang Head of Research | Hong Kong SAR and Southern China +852 2822 0514 [email protected] Jay Zhong Senior Analyst | Research | Guangzhou +86 20 3819 3851 [email protected] Yifan Yu Assistant Manager | Research | Shenzhen +86 755 8825 8668 [email protected] Justin Yi Senior Analyst | Research | Shenzhen +86 755 8825 8600 [email protected] GREATER BAY AREA LOGISTICS MARKETS AND OPPORTUNITIES COLLIERS RADAR LOGISTICS | INDUSTRIAL SERVICES | SOUTH CHINA | 29 MAY 2020 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page INSIGHTS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 3 MAP OF GBA LOGISTICS MARKETS AND RECOMMENDED CITIES 4 MAP OF GBA TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM 5 LOGISTICS INDUSTRY SUPPLY AND DEMAND 6 NEW GROWTH POTENTIAL AREA IN GBA LOGISTICS 7 GBA LOGISTICS CLUSTER – ZHUHAI-ZHONGSHAN-JIANGMEN 8 GBA LOGISTICS CLUSTER – SHENZHEN-DONGGUAN-HUIZHOU 10 GBA LOGISTICS CLUSTER – GUANGZHOU-FOSHAN-ZHAOQING 12 2 COLLIERS RADAR LOGISTICS | INDUSTRIAL SERVICES | SOUTH CHINA | 29 MAY 2020 Insights & Recommendations RECOMMENDED CITIES This report identifies three logistics Zhuhai Zhongshan Jiangmen clusters from the mainland Greater Bay The Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macau We expect Zhongshan will be The manufacturing sector is Area (GBA)* cities and among these Bridge Zhuhai strengthens the a logistics hub with the now the largest contributor clusters highlights five recommended marine and logistics completion of the Shenzhen- to Jiangmen’s overall GDP. logistics cities for occupiers and investors. integration with Hong Kong Zhongshan Bridge, planned The government aims to build the city into a coastal logistics Zhuhai-Zhongshan-Jiangmen: and Macau. for 2024, connecting the east and west banks of the Peral center and West Guangdong’s > Zhuhai-Zhongshan-Jiangmen’s existing River. -
Epidemiologic Clues to SARS Origin in China Rui-Heng Xu,* Jian-Feng He,* Meirion R
RESEARCH Epidemiologic Clues to SARS Origin in China Rui-Heng Xu,* Jian-Feng He,* Meirion R. Evans,†‡ Guo-Wen Peng,* Hume E Field,§ De-Wen Yu,* Chin-Kei Lee,¶ Hui-Min Luo,* Wei-Sheng Lin,* Peng Lin,* Ling-Hui Li,* Wen-Jia Liang,* Jin-Yan Lin,* and Alan Schnur#1 An epidemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome ipalities (Foshan, Jiangmen, Zhongshan, Guangzhou, (SARS) began in Foshan municipality, Guangdong Shenzhen, Zhaoqing) from November 2002 to mid- Province, China, in November 2002. We studied SARS January 2003. On February 3, 2003, province-wide case reports through April 30, 2003, including data from mandatory case reporting of atypical pneumonia that used case investigations and a case series analysis of index a standard case definition and reporting form was institut- cases. A total of 1,454 clinically confirmed cases (and 55 deaths) occurred; the epidemic peak was in the first week ed. The provincial health department also introduced a of February 2003. Healthcare workers accounted for 24% range of public health control measures, including guide- of cases. Clinical signs and symptoms differed between lines on epidemiologic investigation of cases and contacts children (<18 years) and older persons (>65 years). (February 3) and on hospital admission, clinical manage- Several observations support the hypothesis of a wild ani- ment, and infection control arrangements for patients mal origin for SARS. Cases apparently occurred independ- (February 9). Subsequently, the department issued guide- ently in at least five different municipalities; -
與內地合作 廣東省省長朱小丹(前排中)接見本會代表團。 Zhu Xiaodan (Middle, Front Row), Governor of Guangdong, Meets with the Chamber’S Delegation
與內地合作 廣東省省長朱小丹(前排中)接見本會代表團。 Zhu Xiaodan (middle, front row), Governor of Guangdong, meets with the Chamber’s delegation. Cooperation with the Mainland 考察“珠中江”及南沙 Studying Three PRD Cities and Nansha 珠江口西岸“珠中江經濟圈”充滿機遇,40 A 40-member delegation was formed to explore opportunities in the Zhuhai- 多人的考察團前赴珠海、中山、江門訪問, Zhongshan-Jiangmen Economic Circle, which consists of three cities on 與三市領導會面,了解當地發展動向,並到 the west bank of the Pearl River Estuary. The delegates met with the three 加強珠三角交流 中山翠亨新區、江門高新區、珠海橫琴新區 cities’ officials and paid visits to the Cuiheng New Area, Jiangmen Hi-Tech Enhancing Interaction with PRD 等地考察。(2-3/8) Zone, as well as Hengqin New Area to keep abreast of local development. (2-3/8) 兩度組團訪粵 Two Delegations to Guangdong 年內再度組團前往南沙,與當地領導就香 Another delegation was sent to Nansha to discuss with local officials 年內兩度組團訪問廣東省,拜會廣東省省長 During the year, two delegations to Guangdong were organized to meet 港、南沙的合作交換意見,並實地考察最 potential for collaboration between Hong Kong and Nansha. The delegates 朱小丹、廣州市市委書記萬慶良、廣州市市 with officials such as Zhu Xiaodan, Governor of Guangdong Province; 新建設,如廣深港高鐵慶盛站、保稅港區、 also visited new constructions such as the Qingsheng station of the 長陳建華等領導,探討粵港及穗港經貿合 Wan Qingliang, Secretary of CPC Guangzhou Municipal Committee and 南沙實施 CEPA 先行先試綜合示範區等。 Guangzhou-Shenzhen-Hong Kong Express Rail Link, Nansha Bonded Port 作、粵港服務貿易自由化、港商轉型升級、 Chen Jianhua, Mayor of Guangzhou. The delegates exchanged ideas (24/2) Area, and a CEPA exemplary zone. (24/2) 廣州新型城市化發展等議題。雙方並討論 with local officials on Hong Kong’s economic partnership with Guangdong 南沙、前海及橫琴發展區的建設,廣東省領 and Guangzhou, the liberalization of Guangdong-Hong Kong trade in “珠中江”考察團在江門參觀高新科技。 導更期望本會繼續推動港商參與開拓三個新 services, the upgrade and transformation of Hong Kong enterprises, and The mission to Zhuhai, Zhongshan and Jiangmen visits a 區。(19/4、13/12) the urbanization of Guangzhou. -
GLORY FAITH (Hong Kong) PCB Co, Ltd. Jiangmen GLORY FAITH PCB Co, Ltd
GLORY FAITH (Hong Kong) PCB Co, Ltd. Jiangmen GLORY FAITH PCB Co, Ltd. (Member of Kingboard Group) KB Company Profile • Headquarter in Hong Kong • Factory, Jiangmen, Guangdong China • Established 2001 • 70,000m2 campus • 2,500 employees Capacity Summary Product Technology Monthly Capacity Sales Revenue Single Layer • 200 Million USD sales Single Layer Single Advanced & Metal Clad Board 130,000m2 • 50% automotive sales Special Tech Silver Through Hole • 70% export Silver Jumper Double Layer Special features Conventional Multi Layer 150,000m2 • Thick copper upto 210µm (6oz) Semi-Flex • Metal Core PCB (Al & Cu) HDI High Frequency Advance Tech 50,000m2 • Extra long PCB upto 1.2m High Layer (upto 40L) • Punching Rigid Flex • Self-made punch tooling • Push back technology All Major Suface finishing (in HOUSE) • Semi-Flex • OSP, HAL, HAL-LF • Immersion Sn, Immersion Ag, ENIG • Gold Flash (sliding), Gold contact finger • Carbon Ink (push and sliding), Peelable Soldermask Technology Industry Automotive Products HDI & High Speed Power 6L to 8L Body Control 10% 12% 15% 25% Home App 1L & Special Infotainment 10% 15% 30% Automotive Industrial 50% 8% Electrical 4L Lighting 20% 35% 2L 8% Cluster 25% Telecom 10% Lighting 8% 15% Medical 3% Other 1% Quality Standard Medical Standard Automotive Standard • UL • ISO 13485 : 2016 Medical • IATF 16949 : 2016 • IPC 600, 6012 CLass 2 and 3 • Delphi C7000 • ISO 9001 : 2015 • Hyundai SQ • ISO 14001 : 2015 • VDA 6.3 • OHS 18001 : 2007 Version 201905E GLORY FAITH (Hong Kong) PCB Co, Ltd. Jiangmen GLORY FAITH PCB -
Project Overview
PROJECT OVERVIEW DESCRIPTION OF THE PROPERTY PROJECTS The following maps show the location of the cities where the 23 projects are located. Project locations in China The following sets forth brief descriptions of the 23 projects. The commencement date for a project or the commencement date for a phase of a project is the date the Group starts construction of the first building of the project or phase of development. The completion date for a project or the completion date for a phase of a project is either the date the Group obtains the completion documents or the Construction of Properties and Municipal Infrastructure Completed Construction Works Certified Report ( ) from the local government authorities for the last building or phase of the project. 11 PROJECT OVERVIEW (CONTINUED) GUANGZHOU CITY . Country Garden East Court ( ) . Shawan Country Garden ( ) Country Garden East Court is located at the intersection of Yushan Shawan Country Garden is located at Shawan, Panyu, the PRC. It West Road and 105 Guo Road, Panyu, Guangzhou City, the PRC. offers villas and is expected to offer townhouses and high-rise It offers low-rise apartment buildings and retail shops. This apartment buildings in the future. development features Country Garden Farm, a commercial pedestrian street and fountain plaza. It is being developed by Guangzhou Country Garden Co.. The project occupies an aggregate site area of approximately 307,266 Country Garden East Court is being developed by Guangzhou sq.m. and has an expected aggregate GFA (including saleable and Country Garden Property Development Co., Ltd. (‘‘Guangzhou nonsaleable GFA) of approximately 270,799 sq.m. -
ATTACHMENT 1 Barcode:3800584-02 C-570-107 INV - Investigation
ATTACHMENT 1 Barcode:3800584-02 C-570-107 INV - Investigation - Chinese Producers of Wooden Cabinets and Vanities Company Name Company Information Company Name: A Shipping A Shipping Street Address: Room 1102, No. 288 Building No 4., Wuhua Road, Hongkou City: Shanghai Company Name: AA Cabinetry AA Cabinetry Street Address: Fanzhong Road Minzhong Town City: Zhongshan Company Name: Achiever Import and Export Co., Ltd. Street Address: No. 103 Taihe Road Gaoming Achiever Import And Export Co., City: Foshan Ltd. Country: PRC Phone: 0757-88828138 Company Name: Adornus Cabinetry Street Address: No.1 Man Xing Road Adornus Cabinetry City: Manshan Town, Lingang District Country: PRC Company Name: Aershin Cabinet Street Address: No.88 Xingyuan Avenue City: Rugao Aershin Cabinet Province/State: Jiangsu Country: PRC Phone: 13801858741 Website: http://www.aershin.com/i14470-m28456.htmIS Company Name: Air Sea Transport Street Address: 10F No. 71, Sung Chiang Road Air Sea Transport City: Taipei Country: Taiwan Company Name: All Ways Forwarding (PRe) Co., Ltd. Street Address: No. 268 South Zhongshan Rd. All Ways Forwarding (China) Co., City: Huangpu Ltd. Zip Code: 200010 Country: PRC Company Name: All Ways Logistics International (Asia Pacific) LLC. Street Address: Room 1106, No. 969 South, Zhongshan Road All Ways Logisitcs Asia City: Shanghai Country: PRC Company Name: Allan Street Address: No.188, Fengtai Road City: Hefei Allan Province/State: Anhui Zip Code: 23041 Country: PRC Company Name: Alliance Asia Co Lim Street Address: 2176 Rm100710 F Ho King Ctr No 2 6 Fa Yuen Street Alliance Asia Co Li City: Mongkok Country: PRC Company Name: ALMI Shipping and Logistics Street Address: Room 601 No. -
5211818 5V 6A
ErP Product Information English Chongqing Realme Mobile Telecommunications Corp., Ltd. hereby declares that its products conform to the Energy-related Products Directive (ErP) 2009/125/EC. Model VC56HAEH, VC56HAYH VC56JAYH, VC56JAEH VC56HBEH, VC56HBYH VC56JBEH, VC56JBYH Manufacturer SHENZHEN HUNTKEY ELECTRIC CO LTD Huizhou Golden Lake Industrial Co., Ltd SHENZHEN HUNTKEY ELECTRIC CO LTD Huizhou Golden Lake Industrial Co., Ltd HUNTKEY INDUSTRIAL PARK, BANXUE RD, Dongjiang Industrial Estate, Shuikou HUNTKEY INDUSTRIAL PARK, BANXUE RD, Dongjiang Industrial Estate, Shuikou Manufacturer address BANTIAN, SHENZHEN, GUANGDONG Street, Huicheng District, Huizhou City, BANTIAN, SHENZHEN, GUANGDONG Street, Huicheng District, Huizhou City, 518129 CHINA 516005 Guangdong, P.R. China 518129 CHINA 516005 Guangdong, P.R. China Input voltage 100-240 V AC 100-240 V AC 100-240 V AC 100-240 V AC Input AC frequency 50/60 Hz 50/60 Hz 50/60 Hz 50/60 Hz Output voltage 5.0 V DC 5.0 V DC 5.0 V DC 5.0 V DC Output current 2.0 A 6.0 A Max 2.0 A 6.0 A Max 2.0 A 6.0 A Max 2.0 A 6.0 A Max Output power 10.0 W 30.0 W Max 10.0 W 30.0 W Max 10.0 W 30.0 W Max 10.0 W 30.0 W Max Average active eciency 86.38% 87.92% 86.72% 87.05% 85.44% 86.19% 86.24% 86.37% Eciency at low load (10%) 81.71% 84.27% 79.00% 84.45% 75.41% 83.32% 77.36% 83.21% No-load power consumption 0.052 W 0.058 W 0.0678 W 0.062 W Informations relatives au produit ErP Français Chongqing Realme Mobile Telecommunications Corp., Ltd. -
Pollutant Jinan Hangzhou Chongqing Guangzhou Foshan Zhaoqing
Air Quality and Climate Change Program in China • 1st AQM network • Annual workshop • Capacity building activities • Clean air tools application Clean Air Scorecard Application in China • Jinan , Hangzhou (2010,2013) • 3 PRD Cities (2012,2013) • Chongqing (2013) Summary of results- 2013 Local Partners Jinan Hangzhou Chongqing Guangzhou Foshan Zhaoqing JN EPB HZ EPB CQ EPB GZ EPB FS EPB ZQ EPB Jinan Chongqing • Guangdong Environmental Research Research Protection Department Academy of Academy of • Guangdong Research Academy of Environme Environme Environmental Science ntal Science ntal Science * Research Academy of Environmental Science play the supporting role for clean air policy making at both province and city level. About the 6 cities Jinan Hangzhou Chongqing Guangzhou Foshan Zhaoqing Land Area 8,177 3,068 5,473 3,843 3,798 14,891 (sq.km) GDP 72 128 496 223 101.97 21.75 (billion $) Population 6.09 6.32 6.3 11.11 7.23 3.95 (million) Vehicle 1.40 2.27 0.93 2.33 1.04 0.17 (million) * Note: 2012 data Index 1: Air Pollution & Health Index (1) Concentration µg/m3 (ave) NO2 Data availability varies per city- Hangzhou and Chongqing do not SO2 have PM2.5 data by the end of O3 2012; only Chongqing has Pb data SO2, PM concentrations are PM10 relatively higher in Jinan PM2.5 PM2.5 concentrations exceed the AQ standard (PM2.5 = 35 µg/m3 annual ave) 0 50 100 150 200 Zhaoqing Foshan Guangzhou Chongqing Hangzhou Jinan Index 1: Air Pollution & Health Index (2) Jinan Hangzhou Chongqing Guangzhou Foshan Zhaoqing Final Score 3.6 9.6 8.7 6.9 6.8 6.6 -
An Overview of the Red Imported Fire Ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Mainland China
Zhang et al.: Imported Fire Ants in Mainland China 723 AN OVERVIEW OF THE RED IMPORTED FIRE ANT (HYMENOPTERA: FORMICIDAE) IN MAINLAND CHINA RUNZHI ZHANG1,2, YINGCHAO LI1, NING LIU1 AND SANFORD D. PORTER3 1State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China 2E-mail: [email protected] 3USDA-ARS, Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, 1600 SW 23rd Drive, Gainesville, FL 32608 ABSTRACT The red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren is a serious invasive insect that is native to South America. Its presence was officially announced in mainland China in Jan 2005. To date, it has been identified in 4 provinces in mainland China (Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan, Fujian) in a total of 31 municipal districts. The total area reported to be infested by S. invicta in late 2006 was about 7,120 ha, mainly in Guangdong Province (6,332 ha). Most of the re- ported human stings are in the heavily infested area around Wuchuan City. The most com- monly reported reactions have been abnormal redness of the skin, sterile pustules, hives, pain, and/or fever. It has been predicted that most of mainland China is viable habitat for red imported fire ants, including 25 of 31 provinces. The probable northern limit of expan- sion reaches Shandong, Tianjing, south Henan, and Shanxi provinces. Traditional and new insecticides including the bait N-butyl perfluorooctane sulfonamide and the contact insecti- cide Yichaoqing have been developed and used to control S. invicta. The Ministry of Agricul- ture and the Chinese government have established an 8-year eradication program (2006 to 2013) for S. -
Barcode:3844251-01 A-570-112 INV - Investigation
Barcode:3844251-01 A-570-112 INV - Investigation - PRODUCERS AND EXPORTERS FROM THE PRC Producer/Exporter Name Mailing Address A-Jax International Co., Ltd. 43th Fei Yue Road, Zhongshan City, Guandong Province, China Anhui Amigo Imp.&Exp. Co., Ltd. Private Economic Zone, Chaohu, 238000, Anhui, China Anhui Sunshine Stationery Co., Ltd. 17th Floor, Anhui International Business Center, 162, Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, China Anping Ying Hang Yuan Metal Wire Mesh Co., Ltd. No. 268 of Xutuan Industry District of Anping County, Hebei Province, 053600, China APEX MFG. CO., LTD. 68, Kuang-Chen Road, Tali District, Taichung City, 41278, Taiwan Beijing Kang Jie Kong 9-2 Nanfaxin Sector, Shunping Rd, Shunyi District, Beijing, 101316, China Changzhou Kya Fasteners Co., Ltd. Room 606, 3rd Building, Rongsheng Manhattan Piaza, Hengshan Road, Xinbei District, Changzhou City, Jiangsu, China Changzhou Kya Trading Co., Ltd. Room 606, 3rd Building, Rongsheng Manhattan Piaza, Hengshan Road, Xinbei District, Changzhou City, Jiangsu, China China Staple #8 Shu Hai Dao, New District, Economic Development Zone, Jinghai, Tianjin Chongqing Lishun Fujie Trading Co., Ltd. 2-63, G Zone, Perpetual Motor Market, No. 96, Torch Avenue, Erlang Technology New City, Jiulongpo District, Chongqing, China Chongqing Liyufujie Trading Co., Ltd. No. 2-63, Electrical Market, Torch Road, Jiulongpo District, Chongqing 400000, China Dongyang Nail Manufacturer Co.,Ltd. Floor-2, Jiaotong Building, Ruian, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China Fastco (Shanghai) Trading Co., Ltd. Tong Da Chuang Ye, Tian -
20200316 Factory List.Xlsx
Country Factory Name Address BANGLADESH AMAN WINTER WEARS LTD. SINGAIR ROAD, HEMAYETPUR, SAVAR, DHAKA.,0,DHAKA,0,BANGLADESH BANGLADESH KDS GARMENTS IND. LTD. 255, NASIRABAD I/A, BAIZID BOSTAMI ROAD,,,CHITTAGONG-4211,,BANGLADESH BANGLADESH DENITEX LIMITED 9/1,KORNOPARA, SAVAR, DHAKA-1340,,DHAKA,,BANGLADESH JAMIRDIA, DUBALIAPARA, VALUKA, MYMENSHINGH BANGLADESH PIONEER KNITWEARS (BD) LTD 2240,,MYMENSHINGH,DHAKA,BANGLADESH PLOT # 49-52, SECTOR # 08 , CEPZ, CHITTAGONG, BANGLADESH HKD INTERNATIONAL (CEPZ) LTD BANGLADESH,,CHITTAGONG,,BANGLADESH BANGLADESH FLAXEN DRESS MAKER LTD MEGHDUBI, WARD: 40, GAZIPUR CITY CORP,,,GAZIPUR,,BANGLADESH BANGLADESH NETWORK CLOTHING LTD 228/3,SHAHID RAWSHAN SARAK, CHANDANA,,,GAZIPUR,DHAKA,BANGLADESH 521/1 GACHA ROAD, BOROBARI,GAZIPUR CITY BANGLADESH ABA FASHIONS LTD CORPORATION,,GAZIPUR,DHAKA,BANGLADESH VILLAGE- AMTOIL, P.O. HAT AMTOIL, P.S. SREEPUR, DISTRICT- BANGLADESH SAN APPARELS LTD MAGURA,,JESSORE,,BANGLADESH BANGLADESH TASNIAH FABRICS LTD KASHIMPUR NAYAPARA, GAZIPUR SADAR,,GAZIPUR,,BANGLADESH BANGLADESH AMAN KNITTINGS LTD KULASHUR, HEMAYETPUR,,SAVAR,DHAKA,BANGLADESH BANGLADESH CHERRY INTIMATE LTD PLOT # 105 01,DEPZ, ASHULIA, SAVAR,DHAKA,DHAKA,BANGLADESH COLOMESSHOR, POST OFFICE-NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, GAZIPUR BANGLADESH ARRIVAL FASHION LTD SADAR,,,GAZIPUR,DHAKA,BANGLADESH VILLAGE-JOYPURA, UNION-SHOMBAG,,UPAZILA-DHAMRAI, BANGLADESH NAFA APPARELS LTD DISTRICT,DHAKA,,BANGLADESH BANGLADESH VINTAGE DENIM APPARELS LIMITED BOHERARCHALA , SREEPUR,,,GAZIPUR,,BANGLADESH BANGLADESH KDS IDR LTD CDA PLOT NO: 15(P),16,MOHORA -
FOSHAN LIBRARY Foshan Library
GREEN PRACTICE OF FOSHAN LIBRARY Foshan Library As a place of imparting knowledge and education, Foshan Library spreads the concept of environmental protection and promotes harmony between society and nature. This article will illustrate the green practice of Foshan Library from three aspects, including the green environment of Foshan Library, the green design and operation of the building, the library activities which advocate environmental protection. Green environment of 1 CONCENTS Foshan Library Green design and 2 operation of Foshan Library Green activities which 3 advocate environmental protection ENVIRONMENT Foshan, National Forest City Foshan is not only an old city with the charm of traditional Chinese culture but also a new Foshan city with leading manufacturing industry in China. FOSHAN LIBRARY ENVIRONMENT Foshan, National Forest City As the third largest city in Guangdong and an important manufacturing base in southern Foshan China, Foshan has been continuously upgrading for more than a decade to promote coordinated development of industry and environment. FOSHAN LIBRARY ENVIRONMENT Foshan, National Forest City In 2017, Foshan was awarded as "National Forest City". Green construction has become the Foshan highest satisfaction project of Foshan citizens for many years. FOSHAN LIBRARY ENVIRONMENT Overall environment of Foshan New City Foshan New City Foshan Library is located in Foshan New City, which is a demonstration center of Guangdong industrial service area as well as a central u r b a n a r e a w i t h m o d e r n characteristics of L i n g n a n. Construction highlights of Foshan New City include green ratio of 42%, rivers purification, drinking water qualified (fine drinking water) , harmonization of public s p a c e , m u n i c i p a l p i p e l i n e intensification.