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Mowic Inventory MoWIC Inventory on Brochures, Folders, Reports and Advices on Exploration and Conservation of the Cultural Heritage of the former Dutch West India Company since 2000 Realized with support of the Honorary Consulate of the Federal Republic of Brazil in the Netherlands, Amsterdam 2015 Table of Contents 1. Project Fort Orange on Itamaracá, PE Brazil (2000) On behalf of HGIS, c.q. Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Ministry of OCW 2. Vingboons Atlas of IAHGP (2000-2002) Fundraising project and restoration 3, 3.a,3.b,3.c Project Trilha dos Holandeses and Bridge of Vila Velha on Itamaracá, PE Brazil (2002) O.b.o. Dutch Embassy in Brazil and Patrocinadores holando-brasileiros 4. Programa Alagoas Holanda Alagoas. Programa educativo para UFAL (2000-2002) 5. Fumo holandês em relação dos achados na Itamaracá (2002-2003) Para Laboratório de Arqueologia da EFPE (LA) e alunos 6. Fontes históricas holandesas da Ilha de Itamaracá e do Forte Orange (2002) Para LA e alunos 7. Overhead sheets presentatie Politiek en Economie in Hollands Brasiel (2002) Hannedea van Nederveen Meerkerk (KIT) 8. Palestra do Contexto da Vila Velha (2003) Hannedea van Nederveen Meerkerk. Para os Moradores, Sacristía da Igreja 9. Strongholds of Dutch Brazil (2003) O.b.o. Her Majesty Queen Beatrix 10. Inventory of Flora & Fauna of the Trilha dos Holandeses. By CláudioAvellar MD and Images of flora and fauna Luis Jasmin. O.b.o. Her Majesty Queen Beatrix 11. Shared Cultural Heritage (2003) CD-Rom 12. Firma RAAP Tradução em portoguês do Relatório das Pesquisas da Casa Friburgo e da Ilha da Coquáia, PE (2003) Para IPHAN, FUNDARPE, Prefeitura Recife 13. Corrida MoWIC ADITA. Apóio aos Pescadores da regiào de Forte Orange na Itamaracá (2004) 14. Azulejos holandeses no Convento de Santo Antônio do Recife, PE. FUNDARPE (Ulysses Pernambucano de Mello) & MoWIC (2004-2005) Restoration Project of Dutch Tiles in the Convento de Santo Antônio do Recife, PE 15. Ston Oso Voorstel tot Retauratieproject van een ruïne in Paramaribo, Suriname (2004-2009) 16. Historia Naturalis, Piso, Marcgraf (1648) (2004) Inheemse medische kennis in het moederne onderwijs 17. Dessalanisaçãode Azulejos (2005) Tradução de Ontzouten van Tegels, Pier Terwen 1981. Adicionado duma Explicação Quimica, Arne van der Gen Ph.D.. Para IPHAN FUNDARPE, Grifo e alunos 18. Fortes do Brasil. Inventory on all fortresses of Brazil (2005) Para IPHAN, UNESCO 19. Brochure Gemeenschappelijk Cultureel Erfgoed (2006) Voor Ministeries van Buitenlandse Zaken, Onderwijs/Kunsten/Wetenschappen en Economische Zaken 20. Vertaling BOEK Azulejos (2007) 21. Onderzoeksproject Huis Vrijburg (oktober 2006 – juni 2008) MoWIC Foundation & FUNDARPE 22. MoWIC Conferentie Curaçao (2009) 23. Cultural Heritage Conference Day Rotterdam (2009) 24. Waterbronnen Curaçao op instigatie Mary van Soest (2009) Voor Monumentenorganisaties op Curaçao 25. Report Expertise Mission Dutch Tiles in Brazil (EM) (2010) O.b.o. Dutch Embassy in Brazil and World Monuments Fund 26. Missão dos Peritos Azulejos Holandeses Convento de Santo Antônio do Recife (2012) Gregor de Rooy. Tradução do relatário da EM 25 27. Conferentie Materiaalbehandeling Hollandse Tegels met adviezen van Prof. Dr. Rob van Hees, Delft 2013 28. Correspondence Technic Advice Dutch Tiles in Recife Ing. Willem F. Muller with Kate van Lookeren Campagne-Nuttall M.D. on behalf of Dra Pérside Ribeiro Omena 29. Bezoekverslag Willem F. Muller n Convento de Santo Antônio te Recife en Fort Oranje op Itamaracá 30. Frans Post en de Casas de taipa. Projectvoorstel 31. Powerpoint presentaties 32. Memorandum of Understanding 33. Qua Patet Orbis. Reinier Russell et al. De Stichting MoWIC stelt zich ten doel het cultureel erfgoed van de voormalige Geoctrooieerde West-Indische Compgnie te onderzoeken en te beschermen. 1. Project Fort Orange on Itamaracá, PE Brazil. FORT ORANGE PROJECT Introduction After a first attempt in 1624-1654 (Salvador da Bahia), the Dutch West India Company succeeded in conquering part of the North-East of Brazil (‘o Nordeste’) from the Portuguese in 1630. Until 1654 this region under the names ‘Nieuw Holland’ or ‘Hollantsch Brasil’, remains in possession of the company, officially named ‘Geoctroyeerde West Indische Compagnie’ (WIC). Johan Maurits, count of Nassau-Siegen, acted as governor during the years 1636 till 1644. He ordered the construction of a new capital, ‘Mauritsstad’, projected on the island of Antonio Vaz, opposite the isthmus of the village of Recife. The palace of Johan Maurits, ‘Huis Vrijburgh’, named Palácio das Torres or Casa Fribourgo by the locals, was an architectural jewel. Different scientists worked in his service. Biology and astronomy (Georg Marcgraf), medicine (Willem Piso) and cartography (Cornelis Goliath) were the object of extensive studies. Painters and drawing artists belonged to the court, some of whom became quite famous (Frans Post, Albert Eckhout, Zacharias Wagner, Cornelis de Bie). Moreover, the governor had at his disposal the pick of military and fortification experts, for instance the brothers Quinten and Willem Lobbrecht. Nassau’s decision to create a governing infrastructure by means of instituting a parliament c.q. municipality is, till this day, considered to be the ‘birth of national democracy’ in Brazil. His urban vision has been showed clearly in the outlet of Mauritsstad on the island of Antônio Vaz, the shaping of the old Recife by walls and land-winning projects, and as a crown on his works the construction of a bridge between these two city parts. On strategic points along the North-East coast of Brazil the Dutch built fortresses and fortifications. Forts that were captured from the Portuguese were reinforced and extended. However, the colony has existed only a short time. Internal controversies, lack of profits from the sugar production and the diminishing investments of the WIC were at the basis of this decline. The opposition on the side of the Portuguese, secretly stimulated by England, increased in a dramatic manner with the waning of the Dutch economic and military power. In 1654 ‘Dutch Brazil’ was carried over to the Portuguese government. The Portuguese called themselves Lusitanos. In Brazil the New-Christians made a decisive part of the ‘Lusitanian’ culture. Besides, the population of Brazil consisted of many Indian tribes and groups of Negro slaves. Hence the Brazilians preferably speak of ‘Luso- Brasileiros’. In the nineteenth century the republican tendencies would be based upon the identity acquired at that time. At the same time, reference was made to the democratic principles – avant-la-lettre - of Johan Maurits van Nassau. About Fort Orange Other historical denominations Fort Oranje/Forte de Orange/Fortaleza de Santa Cruz de Itamaracá/Fortaleza de Santa Cruz/Castrum Auriacum. Location On the Southern point of the island of Itamaracá, State of Pernambuco Short history 1630/33 From 1630 onward Recife constituted the bridgehead of the Dutchmen in Brazil. The island of Itamaracá was fertile and was vital for the provision of food of the young city of Recife. The Portuguese had themselves entrenched on the mountain of Nossa Senhora de Conceição. On the beach, at the location of the present Fort Orange, the Dutch constructed a wooden fortification with a horn work. In 1633 a sturdy wooden fort was built at this location, from where the Dutch commander Sigismund van Schoppe was able to chase the Portuguese in 1634. Architect was Pieter van Bueren, in co-operation with Andreas Drewisch and possibly Cristóvão Alvares. Supervisor was Tobias Crommersteyn. 1638 After his arrival, Johan Maurits had Fort Orange reinforced with natural stone and brick. Supervisor was again Tobias Crommersteyn, in co-operation with Cristóvão Álvares. At that time the strategically strong entrance was probably constructed, of which the double walls were mounted in a strong curve. 1654 The Dutch carried over Fort Orange to the Portuguese under the command of Francisco Figueira. 1696 The Portuguese rebuild the fort with local limestone. 1777 The fort underwent several adaptations. The principle of an arched entry was maintained. 1817 During the Revolution of Pernambuco Padre Ténorio occupied the fort. 1971 Fort Orange was dug out of the sand that had for so long protected its structure. This undertaking was executed by the Laboratório de Arqueologia of the Universidade Federal de Pernambuco. At this time the kitchen, the chapel, the residential lounges, the storerooms and a draw-well laid in IJssel- bricks in the inner court, were identified. Also some archaeological finds were made, such as personal belongings from the Dutch period, munition and guns of different caliber, pottery fragments and white pipe-bowls (cachimbos). 1973 The fort was partially restored. 1999 Dutch archaeological identification mission to Brazil. Thorough inspection of the state of repair of Fort Orange 2000 The Laboratório de Arqueologia of the Universidade Federal de Pernambuco in cooperation with the Amsterdams Archeologisch Centrum of the Universiteit van Amsterdam develops a plan for archaeological research of Forte Orange (Resgate Arqueológico da História do Forte de Orange). Luciana Menezes, Consultores e Projetos Ltda. evolved the Proposal for Restoration (Proposta de Restauraçao). Together, the archaeological research and the restoration form the Fort Orange Project. Present situation For the greater part the walls of the Forte Orange are still standing. The fort offers an imposing view by its majestic location on the beach. The fort, harboring a small museum within its walls, is open to the public during daytime. Threat Unfortunately, erosion by wind and water has greatly damaged the fort. This can be clearly observed in the pediment above the gate. The walls of the North-East bastion have already partially caved in. The mouth and the course of the Southern river along this part of the island have gradually changed in such a way that the fort now lies practically in the sea. This process has continued with accelerating speed during the last fifteen years. This way the foundations of the fort are affected from the bottom up. On fact, the seawater level rises so high a few times a month that the foundation of the South-East bastion is eroded.
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